CN111009636A - Device and method for triggering internal short circuit of battery and internal short circuit test battery - Google Patents
Device and method for triggering internal short circuit of battery and internal short circuit test battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN111009636A CN111009636A CN201911294203.5A CN201911294203A CN111009636A CN 111009636 A CN111009636 A CN 111009636A CN 201911294203 A CN201911294203 A CN 201911294203A CN 111009636 A CN111009636 A CN 111009636A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 120
- 229910001285 shape-memory alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000012782 phase change material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
- H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
- H01M50/581—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current in response to temperature
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/3644—Constructional arrangements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The application relates to a device and a method for triggering a short circuit in a battery and a battery for testing the internal short circuit. The short circuit trigger device in battery includes: the phase-change insulating layer comprises a first phase-change insulating layer and a deformable conductor layer, wherein the first phase-change insulating layer and the deformable conductor layer are stacked, the failure temperature of the first phase-change insulating layer is lower than the deformation temperature of the deformable conductor layer, the deformable conductor layer is made of shape memory alloy, the high-temperature phase shape of the deformable conductor layer is provided with a convex portion, and the convex direction of the convex portion is the direction of the first phase-change insulating layer. The application provides a short circuit trigger device in battery has solved and has melted the back through phase change material and realize that the internal short circuit can produce the problem that the contact is bad in the battery that the space and lead to among the conventional art, improves short circuit trigger's repeatability in the battery.
Description
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to the field of battery technologies, and in particular, to a device and a method for triggering a short circuit in a battery, and an internal short circuit test battery.
Background
Short circuits within lithium ion batteries are an important safety issue. In order to effectively evaluate the risk of the battery due to the internal short circuit in use, it is necessary to perform a test and experiment on the internal short circuit of the battery.
In the conventional technology, in the battery internal short circuit test, an element made of a phase change material is mainly implanted between a positive electrode and a negative electrode of a battery. By heating, the element made of the phase-change material is melted and contacts with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery, so that short circuit in the battery is caused. The problem of the internal short circuit test is that poor contact can occur in the internal short circuit process, so that the triggering repeatability of the internal short circuit in the battery is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, it is desirable to provide an apparatus and a method for triggering an internal short circuit of a battery, and an internal short circuit test battery.
An in-cell short trigger device comprising: the phase-change insulating layer comprises a first phase-change insulating layer and a deformable conductor layer, wherein the first phase-change insulating layer and the deformable conductor layer are stacked, the failure temperature of the first phase-change insulating layer is lower than the deformation temperature of the deformable conductor layer, the deformable conductor layer is made of shape memory alloy, the high-temperature phase shape of the deformable conductor layer is provided with a convex portion, and the convex direction of the convex portion is the direction of the first phase-change insulating layer.
In one embodiment, the short circuit triggering device in the battery further includes: the first phase change insulating layer is attached to the supporting diaphragm layer and covers the first through hole.
In one embodiment, the short circuit triggering device in the battery further includes: the deformation conductor layer is clamped between the first phase change insulating layer and the second phase change insulating layer, and the failure temperature of the second phase change insulating layer is lower than the deformation temperature of the deformation conductor layer.
In one embodiment, the materials of the first phase change insulating layer and the second phase change insulating layer are paraffin.
In one embodiment, the deformed portions of the deformed conductor layer are all of the deformed conductor layer.
In one embodiment, the deformable conductor layer is a locally deformable structure.
In one embodiment, the deformable conductor layer is provided with at least two non-intersecting deformable cracks, and the deformable part of the deformable conductor layer is located between the at least two deformable cracks.
An internal short test cell comprising: the short circuit trigger device in battery, positive plate, negative plate and battery diaphragm layer that has seted up the second through-hole in any of above, short circuit trigger device in battery set up in the positive plate with between the battery diaphragm layer, or set up in the negative plate with between the battery diaphragm layer, first phase transition insulating layer is attached to battery diaphragm layer, and cover the second through-hole.
In one embodiment, the short circuit triggering device further includes a supporting diaphragm layer having a first through hole, the first phase-change insulating layer is attached to the supporting diaphragm layer and covers the first through hole, the supporting diaphragm layer is attached to the battery diaphragm layer, and projections of the first through hole and the second through hole along a center line overlap.
In one embodiment, the center lines of the first and second through holes coincide.
A method of triggering a short circuit in a battery, comprising:
providing a first phase change insulating layer;
training the shape memory alloy to enable the high-temperature phase shape of the obtained deformed conductor layer to have a convex part, wherein the failure temperature of the first phase change insulating layer is lower than the deformation temperature of the deformed conductor layer;
attaching the deformation conductor layer to the first phase-change insulating layer to form an internal short circuit trigger device of the battery, wherein the protruding direction of the convex part is the direction of the first phase-change insulating layer;
forming a second through hole in a battery diaphragm layer of the battery;
implanting the in-cell short trigger device into the cell such that the first phase change insulating layer is attached to the cell separator layer and covers the second through hole;
heating the battery to enable the temperature to be equal to or higher than the deformation temperature of the deformation conductor layer, so that the first phase-change insulating layer is melted, the deformation conductor layer deforms to generate the convex portion, and the convex portion penetrates through the second through hole to be in contact with the electrode plate of the battery, and triggers an inner short circuit.
In one embodiment, before implanting the short circuit triggering device in the battery, the method further comprises:
attaching a supporting diaphragm layer provided with a first through hole to one surface, away from the deformation conductor layer, of the first phase-change insulating layer, so that the first through hole is covered by the first phase-change insulating layer;
implanting the in-cell short trigger device into the cell such that the first phase change insulating layer is attached to the cell separator layer and covers the second via, comprising:
implanting the short circuit trigger device in the battery into the battery so that the supporting diaphragm layer is attached to the battery diaphragm layer, and the projections of the first through hole and the second through hole along the central line direction are overlapped.
In one embodiment, before implanting the short circuit triggering device in the battery, the method further comprises:
and attaching a second phase change insulating layer to one surface of the deformation conductor layer, which is far away from the first phase change insulating layer, wherein the failure temperature of the second phase change insulating layer is lower than the deformation temperature of the deformation conductor layer.
In one embodiment, the height of the protrusions is 1mm to 2 mm.
In the short circuit trigger device in battery, the method and the internal short circuit test battery provided by the embodiment of the application, the internal short circuit trigger device in the battery comprises the first phase change insulating layer and the deformation conductor layer which are arranged in a stacked mode, and the failure temperature of the first phase change insulating layer is lower than the deformation temperature of the deformation conductor layer. The material of deformation conductor layer is shape memory alloy, the high temperature phase shape of deformation conductor layer has the convex part, just the protruding direction of convex part is the direction that first phase transition insulating layer is located. The short circuit trigger device in battery, method and interior short circuit test battery that this application embodiment provided are higher than or equal to when the temperature is higher than the deformation temperature of deformation conductor layer, first phase change insulating layer melts, just deformation conductor layer to the direction at first phase change insulating layer place takes place deformation to produce a convex part, the convex part can with the electrode slice direct contact of battery, thereby realize that positive and negative switches on, trigger the interior short circuit of battery. The embodiment of the application provides short circuit trigger device passes through in the direct electrode contact with the battery of convex part realizes the internal short circuit, has solved among the conventional art and has melted the back through phase change material and realize the internal short circuit and can produce the problem that the contact is bad in the battery that the space and lead to, improves short circuit trigger's repeatability in the battery. Meanwhile, in the embodiment, the phase change insulating layer can prevent the deformed conductor layer from being in error contact with the electrode plate of the battery to cause an internal short circuit in a normal state due to extrusion or other reasons, and the controllability, safety and reliability of triggering the internal short circuit are improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a short circuit triggering device in a battery at a temperature lower than a triggering temperature according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a side view of a short circuit triggering device in a battery at a temperature equal to or higher than a triggering temperature according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a short circuit triggering device in a battery at a temperature lower than a triggering temperature according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a side view of a short circuit triggering device in a battery at a temperature equal to or higher than a triggering temperature according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a short circuit triggering device in a battery and an applied explosion structure according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a schematic side view of a deformed conductor layer of an overall deformed structure according to one embodiment of the present application;
fig. 7 is a schematic top view of a deformed conductor layer with a local deformed structure when the deformed conductor layer is not deformed according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 8 is a schematic side view of a deformed conductor layer with a partially deformed structure when not deformed according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 9 is a schematic top view of a deformed conductor layer with a local deformed structure when deformed according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 10 is a schematic side view of a deformed conductor layer with a partially deformed structure when deformed according to one embodiment of the present application;
fig. 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating an internal structure and an internal short circuit type of a lithium ion battery according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 12 is a schematic flowchart of a method for triggering a short circuit in a battery according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 13 is a schematic flowchart of a method for triggering a short circuit in a battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
Description of reference numerals:
short circuit trigger device 100 in battery
First phase change insulating layer 110
Convex part 121
Supporting the membrane layer 130
First through hole 131
Second phase change insulating layer 140
Second via 301
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more clearly apparent, the device and method for triggering an internal short circuit of a battery and the internal short circuit test battery of the present application are further described in detail by the following embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.
The numbering of the components as such, e.g., "first", "second", etc., is used herein only to distinguish the objects as described, and does not have any sequential or technical meaning. The term "connected" and "coupled" when used in this application, unless otherwise indicated, includes both direct and indirect connections (couplings). In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience in describing the present application and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus, are not to be considered as limiting the present application.
In this application, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through intervening media. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, an embodiment of the present application provides an in-cell short circuit triggering apparatus 100, which includes a first phase-change insulating layer 110 and a deformable conductor layer 120, which are stacked. The deformable conductor layer 120 is attached to the first phase-change insulating layer 110.
The first phase change insulating layer 110 is made of an insulating material, and the state thereof can change with temperature change. The first phase-change insulating layer 110 has a failure temperature, also called melting temperature, and the failure temperature of the first phase-change insulating layer 110 is defined as a first failure temperature in this embodiment. When the temperature is lower than the first failure temperature, the first phase change insulating layer 110 is solid; when the temperature exceeds the first failure temperature, the first phase-change insulating layer 110 will melt and become liquid, and the insulating effect is lost. In this embodiment, the first phase change insulating layer 110 may be circular, square, or irregular. The first phase change insulating layer 110 has a certain thickness. The embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific shape, structure, material, and the like of the first phase change insulating layer 110, and may be selected according to actual requirements.
The deformable conductor layer 120 is made of Shape Memory Alloy (SMA). Shape memory alloys are alloys that possess a "memory" effect. The deformed conductor layer 120 has a deformation temperature, which is higher than the first failure temperature. The deformable conductor layer 120 of shape memory alloy has two phases: a high temperature phase and a low temperature phase. When the temperature is lower than the deformation temperature, the deformed conductor layer 120 is in a low-temperature phase; when the temperature is equal to or higher than the deformation temperature, the deformed conductor layer 120 is in a high temperature phase. The shape of the deformed conductor layer 120 in the low temperature phase is different according to the shape memory alloy material. The shape of the morphable conductor layer 120 in the high temperature phase can be fixed by training the shape memory alloy. In one embodiment, the low-temperature phase of the deformed conductor layer 120 is flat, that is, the upper and lower surfaces of the deformed conductor layer 120 are both flat; the high temperature phase has a convex portion 121. That is, when the temperature is lower than the deformation temperature, the deformed conductor layer 120 is flat; when the temperature exceeds the deformation temperature, the deformable conductor layer 120 deforms, and the convex portion 121 is generated. The convex portion 121 may have a partially raised structure, or may have a partially raised structure of the deformable conductor layer 120. The number of the projections 121 may be one or more. The protruding or protruding direction of the protrusion 121 is the direction of the first phase change insulating layer 110. For example, if the first phase change insulating layer 110 is located at a lower layer and the deformable conductor layer 120 is located at an upper layer, the protrusion direction of the protrusion 121 is downward protrusion. In this embodiment, the deformable conductor layer 120 may be circular, square, or irregular. The first phase change insulating layer 110 has a certain thickness. The shape, structure, specific material and the like of the deformable conductor layer 120 are not limited in the embodiment of the application, and can be selected according to actual requirements.
The battery internal short circuit triggering device 100 is used for triggering the internal short circuit of the battery. In use, the short circuit triggering device 100 is disposed inside a battery. In one embodiment, the in-cell short trigger device 100 is disposed between a positive plate of a battery and a separator layer of the battery, or between a negative plate of the battery and a separator layer of the battery. The diaphragm layer of the battery is provided with a through hole. The first phase-change insulating layer 110 is attached to the separator layer of the battery and covers the through-hole. Optionally, a trigger temperature may be set, which trigger temperature is equal to or higher than the deformation temperature. That is, the deformation temperature, the first failure temperature, and the trigger temperature are related by: the deformation temperature is higher than the first failure temperature, the trigger temperature is higher than the first failure temperature, and the trigger temperature is equal to or higher than the deformation temperature. When the short circuit triggering device 100 in the battery is at a normal temperature, the first phase change insulating layer 110 is in a solid state, and the surface of the deformable conductor layer 120 is flat. At this time, the battery internal short circuit triggering device 100 does not deform and bulge, and the first phase change insulating layer 110 also isolates the phase change conductor layer from the electrode material layer of the battery, thereby playing an insulating role and avoiding internal short circuit; when the temperature of the short circuit triggering device 100 in the battery reaches the triggering temperature (i.e., is equal to or higher than the triggering temperature), at this time, the temperature exceeds the first failure temperature, the first phase-change insulating layer 110 melts and loses the original insulating effect, and at the same time, when the temperature reaches the deformation temperature, the deformation conductor layer 120 deforms and generates the convex portion 121, and the convex portion 121 can penetrate through the through hole to contact with the electrode plate of the battery, so that the positive electrode and the negative electrode are conducted, and the internal short circuit of the battery is triggered.
In this embodiment, the short circuit triggering device 100 in the battery includes the first phase-change insulating layer 110 and the deformable conductor layer 120, which are stacked, and the failure temperature of the first phase-change insulating layer 110 is lower than the deformation temperature of the deformable conductor layer 120. The deformable conductor layer 120 is made of shape memory alloy, the high-temperature phase of the deformable conductor layer 120 has the convex portion 121, and the protruding direction of the convex portion 121 is the direction of the first phase-change insulation layer 110. In this embodiment, when the temperature is higher than or equal to the deformation temperature of the deformable conductor layer 120, the first phase-change insulating layer 110 melts, the deformable conductor layer 120 deforms in the direction of the first phase-change insulating layer 110, and a protrusion 121 is generated, and the protrusion 121 can directly contact with an electrode plate of a battery, so that positive and negative conduction is realized, and an internal short circuit of the battery is triggered. The device 100 for triggering the short circuit in the battery provided by the embodiment realizes the internal short circuit by directly contacting the convex part 121 with the electrode of the battery, solves the problem of poor contact inside the battery caused by the generation of a gap due to the internal short circuit after the phase change material is melted in the prior art, and improves the repeatability of triggering the short circuit in the battery. Meanwhile, in this embodiment, the first phase-change insulating layer 110 can prevent an internal short circuit caused by the deformed conductor layer 120 being in erroneous contact with an electrode plate of a battery due to extrusion or other reasons in a normal state, and improve controllability, safety, and reliability of triggering the internal short circuit.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, in one embodiment, the short circuit triggering device 100 further includes a supporting membrane layer 130 and a second phase change insulating layer 140. The supporting membrane layer 130 is formed with a first through hole 131. The first phase change insulating layer 110 is attached to the supporting membrane layer 130 and covers the first through hole 131. The portion of the morphable conductor layer 120 where the protruding portion 121 is generated is located within a projection range of the first through hole 131 along a center line, that is, the portion of the morphable conductor layer 120 where the protruding portion 121 is generated is located above the first through hole 131. When the deformation conductor 120 is in a high temperature phase, the convex portion 121 protrudes from the surface of the supporting membrane layer 130 through the first through hole 131.
The second phase change insulating layer 140 is attached to a surface of the deformable conductor layer 120 away from the first phase change insulating layer 110, that is, the deformable conductor layer 120 is sandwiched between the first phase change insulating layer 110 and the second phase change insulating layer 140. That is, the short circuit trigger 100 in the battery is, from bottom to top: the supporting diaphragm layer 130, the first phase change insulating layer 110, the deformation conductor layer 120, and the second phase change insulating layer 140. The first phase change insulating layer 110, the deformable conductor layer 120, and the second phase change insulating layer 140 cover the first through hole 131.
The material, shape, thickness, etc. of the supporting separator layer 130 may be the same as those of a battery. The supporting membrane layer 130 has a melting point. The trigger temperature is below the melting point of the supporting membrane layer 130. The supporting membrane layer 130 has a supporting effect on the first phase change insulating layer 110, the deformable conductor layer 120 and the second phase change insulating layer 140, so that the structural stability of the short circuit triggering device 10 in the battery can be improved, and the short circuit triggering device is convenient to connect and fix with a membrane of the battery. The size, shape, etc. of the first through hole 131 can be selected according to actual needs. In one embodiment, the first through hole 131 is circular.
The second phase change insulating layer is made of an insulating material, the state of the second phase change insulating layer can change along with the temperature change, and the second phase change insulating layer has a failure temperature, which is also called a melting temperature. When the temperature is below the second failure temperature, the second phase change insulating layer 140 is solid; when the temperature exceeds the second failure temperature, the second phase change insulating layer 140 will melt and become liquid, and the insulating effect is lost. The trigger temperature and the deformation temperature are both higher than the second failure temperature. The second phase change insulating layer 140 may be the same as or different from the first phase change insulating layer 110 in material, shape, size, and the like. In one embodiment, the materials of the first phase change insulating layer 110 and the second phase change insulating layer 140 are paraffin. The failure temperature of the paraffin is 45-60 ℃. By arranging the second phase change insulating layer 140, the insulating effect between the deformation conductor layer 120 and the electrode plate of the battery at normal temperature can be ensured, and the stability of the battery under normal conditions can be ensured.
Referring to fig. 5, the operation principle of the short circuit triggering device 100 in the battery is as follows:
as shown in fig. 5, the battery includes a battery material layer and a battery separator layer 300 having a second through-hole 301. Wherein the battery material layer includes a positive electrode tab 210 and a negative electrode tab 220. The in-cell short trigger device 100 is disposed between the battery separator layer 300 and a pole piece, i.e.: the in-cell short circuit triggering device 100 is disposed between the positive electrode sheet 210 and the battery separator layer 300, or between the negative electrode sheet 220 and the battery separator layer 300. The supporting separator layer 130 is attached to the battery separator layer 300, and the projections of the first through hole 131 and the second through hole 301 along the center line overlap, that is: the first through hole 131 and the second through hole 301 are at least partially overlapped and penetrated.
When the battery temperature is equal to or higher than the trigger temperature, the first phase-change insulating layer 110 and the second phase-change insulating layer 140 are melted and failed, and the deformed conductor layer 120 is deformed and the convex portion 121 is generated. The convex part 121 passes through the first through hole 131 and the second through hole 301, protrudes out of the surfaces of the supporting separator layer 130 and the battery separator layer 300, is abutted against the positive electrode sheet 210 or the negative electrode sheet 220, and is conducted with the positive electrode and the negative electrode, so that the internal short circuit of the battery is realized.
In one embodiment, the height of the protrusions 121 is 1mm to 2 mm. Because the thickness of the diaphragm of each layer of battery is about ten microns or more, and the height of the convex part 121 exceeds the thickness of 3 to 4 layers of diaphragms, the convex part 121 can be ensured to penetrate through the through hole of the convex part of the battery to be directly contacted with the electrode plate, the positive electrode and the negative electrode are conducted, and the internal short circuit is realized. In this embodiment, the height of the protruding portion 121 is 1mm-2mm, which ensures that the protruding portion 121 is high enough to fill up a gap generated by melting the first phase-change insulating layer 110, so that the protruding portion 121 can directly contact with the separator layer, thereby improving the reliability of triggering the internal short circuit, and preventing the electrode plate of the battery from being damaged due to too high height.
Referring to fig. 6, in an embodiment, the deformed conductor layer 120 is an integral deformed structure, that is: the deformed portion of the deformed conductor layer 120 is the entire deformed conductor layer 120. That is, when the temperature reaches the deformation temperature, each portion of the deformed conductor layer 120 is deformed to form the convex portion 121, as shown in fig. 6.
Referring to fig. 7 to 10, in an embodiment, the deformed conductor layer 120 may also be a local deformed structure. That is, when the temperature reaches the deformation temperature, the deformed conductor layer 120 is deformed only partially, and the other portions are not deformed. There are various implementation manners of the local deformation structure, and in one embodiment, at least two deformation cracks 122 that do not intersect each other are formed on the surface of the deformation conductor layer 120, as shown in fig. 7. The deformation part of the deformed conductor layer 120 is located between the at least two deformed cracks 122. When the temperature is equal to or higher than the trigger temperature, the deformed conductor layer 120 is torn and deformed along the deformed crack 122 to form the protrusion 121. While two deformed cracks 122 are shown in fig. 7-10, in other embodiments, the number of deformed cracks 122 may be more, for example, 5 deformed cracks 122, and 5 deformed cracks 122 may resemble a fan blade-like structure. The setting position, shape, number, etc. of the deformation cracks 122 may be selected according to actual requirements, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
An embodiment of the present application further provides an internal short circuit test battery, which includes the internal short circuit trigger device 100, the positive plate 210, the negative plate 220, and the battery separator layer 300 with the second through hole 301. The in-cell short circuit trigger device 100 is disposed between the positive electrode sheet 210 and the battery separator layer 300, or the in-cell short circuit trigger device 100 is disposed between the negative electrode sheet 220 and the battery separator layer 300. The first phase change insulating layer 110 is attached to the battery separator layer 300 and covers the second through hole 301. The position of the convex portion 121 of the high-temperature phase of the morphable conductor layer 120 is located within the projection range of the second through hole 301 along the center line. When the temperature of the short circuit triggering device in the battery is equal to or higher than the triggering temperature, the first phase change insulating layer 110 is melted, and the deformed conductor layer 120 is deformed to generate the convex portion 121. The convex part 121 penetrates through the second through hole 301 to be abutted to the positive plate or the negative plate, the positive and negative electrodes are conducted, and the internal short circuit of the battery is triggered.
In one embodiment, the device 100 further includes a supporting membrane layer 130 having a first through hole 131, and the first phase-change insulating layer 110 is attached to the supporting membrane layer 130 and covers the first through hole 131. The supporting separator layer 130 is attached to the battery separator layer 300. The projections of the first through hole 131 and the second through hole 301 along the center line are overlapped. When the temperature of the internal short circuit test battery is equal to or higher than the trigger temperature, the convex part 121 penetrates through the first through hole 131 and the second through hole 301 to be abutted to the positive plate, the positive electrode and the negative electrode are conducted, and the internal short circuit of the battery is triggered.
The specific structure, the beneficial effects, and the like of the internal short circuit test battery are described above with reference to the embodiment corresponding to fig. 5, and are not described herein again.
In one embodiment, the center lines of the first through hole 131 and the second through hole 301 coincide. The shape and size of the first through hole 131 and the second through hole 301 may also be the same, so that the first through hole 131 and the second through hole 301 can be aligned, the overlapping portion of the two is maximized, and the accuracy of the internal short circuit triggering is improved.
In one embodiment, the severity of triggering internal short circuits may be varied by varying the size of the first via 131 and the second via 301, and the degree of overlap of the first via 131 and the second via 301.
In one embodiment, the supporting separator layer 130 is attached to the battery separator layer 300 by a termination tape.
Referring to fig. 11, in one embodiment, different types of triggering and testing of the internal short circuit can be achieved by removing different materials from the battery at positions corresponding to the first via 131 and the second via 301. Specifically, according to the internal structure of the lithium ion battery, the types of short circuits in the battery are four: an aluminum-copper (Al-Cu) internal short circuit, a positive electrode material-copper (Ca-Cu) internal short circuit, An aluminum-negative electrode material (Al-An) internal short circuit, and a positive electrode material-negative electrode material (Ca-An) internal short circuit.
When not removed, the internal short circuit of the anode material-cathode material (Ca-An) can be triggered; removing the anode materials at the corresponding positions of the first through hole 131 and the second through hole 301, and triggering An internal short circuit of An aluminum-cathode material (Al-An); removing the anode material and the cathode material at the corresponding positions of the first through hole 131 and the second through hole 301, and triggering an aluminum-copper (Al-Cu) internal short circuit; and removing the cathode material at the corresponding positions of the first through hole 131 and the second through hole 301, and triggering a cathode material-copper (Ca-Cu) internal short circuit.
Referring to fig. 12, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for triggering a short circuit in a battery, including:
s10, providing a first phase-change insulating layer 110;
s20, training the shape memory alloy to make the high temperature phase shape of the modified conductor layer 120 have a convex portion 121, wherein the failure temperature of the first phase change insulating layer 110 is lower than the modification temperature of the modified conductor layer 120;
s30, attaching the deformable conductor layer 120 to the first phase-change insulating layer 110 to form the short-circuit triggering device 100 in the battery, wherein the protruding direction of the protrusion 121 is the direction of the first phase-change insulating layer 110;
s40, forming a second through hole 301 on the battery diaphragm layer 300 of the battery;
s50, implanting the in-cell short trigger device 100 into the cell, such that the first phase change insulating layer 110 is attached to the cell separator layer 300 and covers the second through hole 301;
s60, heating the battery to a temperature equal to or higher than the deformation temperature of the deformable conductor layer 120, so as to melt the first phase-change insulating layer 110, deform the deformable conductor layer 120, generate the protrusion 121, and the protrusion 121 passes through the second through hole 301 to contact with an electrode plate of the battery, thereby triggering an internal short circuit.
The training of the shape memory alloy may be a heat treatment. In one embodiment, the shape memory alloy is subjected to a medium temperature treatment, which may be 300 ℃ to 500 ℃. Fixing the shape of the shape memory alloy to the shape of a protrusion 121 at 300-500 deg.C, and maintaining for a certain time to obtain the deformed conductor layer 120. When the temperature resumes normal atmospheric temperature, will through external force deformation conductor layer 120 resumes to the flat state, rises once more when the temperature surpasses deformation conductor layer 120's deformation temperature, deformation conductor layer 120 takes place the deformation along the deformation direction and the deformation size when training.
The beneficial effects of the method for triggering the short circuit in the battery provided by the embodiment of the application are referred to the above embodiment, and are not described herein again.
Referring to fig. 13, in an embodiment, before S50, the method further includes:
s70, attaching a second phase change insulating layer 140 to a surface of the deformed conductor layer 120 away from the first phase change insulating layer 110, wherein a failure temperature of the second phase change insulating layer 140 is lower than a deformation temperature of the deformed conductor layer 120;
s80, attaching the supporting diaphragm layer 130 having a first through hole 131 to a surface of the first phase-change insulating layer 110 away from the deformable conductor layer 120, such that the first through hole 131 is covered by the first phase-change insulating layer 110;
s50 includes:
implanting the in-cell short trigger device 100 into the cell such that the supporting membrane layer 130 is attached to the cell membrane layer 300 and the projections of the first through hole 131 and the second through hole 301 along the centerline direction overlap.
S60 includes:
heating the battery to enable the temperature to be equal to or higher than the deformation temperature of the deformable conductor layer 120, so that the first phase-change insulating layer 110 and the second phase-change insulating layer 140 are melted, the deformable conductor layer 120 deforms to generate the convex portion 121, and the convex portion 121 penetrates through the first through hole 131 and the second through hole 301 to be in contact with an electrode plate of the battery, so as to trigger an internal short circuit.
It should be understood that although the various steps in the flow charts of fig. 12-13 are shown in order as indicated by the arrows, the steps are not necessarily performed in order as indicated by the arrows. The steps are not performed in the exact order shown and described, and may be performed in other orders, unless explicitly stated otherwise. Also, at least some of the steps in fig. 12-13 may include multiple sub-steps or multiple stages that are not necessarily performed at the same time, but may be performed at different times, and the order of performance of the sub-steps or stages is not necessarily sequential, but may be performed in turn or alternating with other steps or at least some of the sub-steps or stages of other steps.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present application, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the claims. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, which falls within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (14)
1. A short circuit trigger device in a battery, comprising: the phase-change material comprises a first phase-change insulating layer (110) and a deformable conductor layer (120) which are stacked, wherein the failure temperature of the first phase-change insulating layer (110) is lower than the deformation temperature of the deformable conductor layer (120), the deformable conductor layer (120) is made of shape memory alloy, the high-temperature phase shape of the deformable conductor layer (120) is provided with a convex part (121), and the convex direction of the convex part (121) is the direction of the first phase-change insulating layer (110).
2. The in-cell short trigger device of claim 1, further comprising: and the supporting diaphragm layer (130) is provided with a first through hole (131), and the first phase change insulating layer (110) is attached to the supporting diaphragm layer (130) and covers the first through hole (131).
3. The in-cell short trigger device of claim 1, further comprising: the phase-change conductor layer (120) is clamped between the first phase-change insulating layer (110) and the second phase-change insulating layer (140), and the failure temperature of the second phase-change insulating layer (140) is lower than the deformation temperature of the phase-change conductor layer (120).
4. The device according to claim 3, wherein the first phase change insulating layer (110) and the second phase change insulating layer (140) are made of paraffin.
5. The device according to claim 1, wherein the deformed portion of the deformed conductor layer (120) is the entire deformed conductor layer (120).
6. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the deformable conductor layer (120) is a locally deformable structure.
7. The device for triggering the short circuit in the battery according to claim 6, wherein the deformable conductor layer (120) is provided with at least two non-intersecting deformable cracks (122), and the deformable part of the deformable conductor layer (120) is located between the at least two deformable cracks (122).
8. An internal short test cell, comprising: the in-cell short circuit trigger device (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, the positive plate (210), the negative plate (220), and the battery separator layer (300) having the second through hole (301), wherein the in-cell short circuit trigger device (100) is disposed between the positive plate (210) and the battery separator layer (300) or between the negative plate (220) and the battery separator layer (300), and the first phase-change insulating layer (110) is attached to the battery separator layer (300) and covers the second through hole (301).
9. The internal short circuit test cell according to claim 8, wherein the internal short circuit trigger device (100) further comprises a supporting membrane layer (130) having a first through hole (131), the first phase change insulating layer (110) is attached to the supporting membrane layer (130) and covers the first through hole (131), the supporting membrane layer (130) is attached to the cell membrane layer (300), and projections of the first through hole (131) and the second through hole (301) along a center line are overlapped.
10. The internal short test cell according to claim 9, wherein the center lines of the first through hole (131) and the second through hole (301) coincide.
11. A method of triggering a short circuit in a battery, comprising:
providing a first phase change insulating layer (110);
training the shape memory alloy to enable the high-temperature phase shape of the obtained deformation conductor layer (120) to have a convex part (121), wherein the failure temperature of the first phase change insulating layer (110) is lower than the deformation temperature of the deformation conductor layer (120);
attaching the deformation conductor layer (120) to the first phase-change insulating layer (110) to form an in-cell short circuit trigger device (100), wherein the protruding direction of the convex part (121) is the direction of the first phase-change insulating layer (110);
a second through hole (301) is arranged on a battery diaphragm layer (300) of the battery;
implanting the in-cell short trigger device (100) into the cell such that the first phase change insulating layer (110) is attached to the cell separator layer (300) and covers the second through-hole (301);
heating the battery to enable the temperature to be equal to or higher than the deformation temperature of the deformation conductor layer (120) so as to enable the first phase-change insulating layer (110) to be melted, enabling the deformation conductor layer (120) to deform to generate the convex portion (121), enabling the convex portion (121) to penetrate through the second through hole (301) to be in contact with an electrode plate of the battery, and triggering an internal short circuit.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein prior to implanting the inter-cell short trigger device (100) into the battery, the method further comprises:
attaching a supporting diaphragm layer (130) provided with a first through hole (131) to one surface, away from the deformation conductor layer (120), of the first phase-change insulating layer (110), so that the first through hole (131) is covered by the first phase-change insulating layer (110);
said implanting said in-cell short trigger device (100) into said cell such that said first phase change insulating layer (110) is affixed to said cell separator layer (300) and covers said second via (301), comprising:
implanting the in-cell short trigger device (100) into the cell such that the supporting membrane layer (130) is attached to the cell membrane layer (300) and the first through hole (131) and the second through hole (301) have an overlap in projection along the centre line direction.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein prior to implanting the inter-cell short trigger device (100) into the battery, the method further comprises:
and attaching a second phase change insulating layer (140) to the side, away from the first phase change insulating layer (110), of the deformation conductor layer (120), wherein the failure temperature of the second phase change insulating layer (140) is lower than the deformation temperature of the deformation conductor layer (120).
14. The method according to claim 11, wherein the height of the protrusions (121) is 1mm-2 mm.
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| CN113270272A (en) * | 2021-04-02 | 2021-08-17 | 章恒 | Solid-state aluminum electrolytic capacitor |
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