CN111008920B - Pollution site investigation method based on underground water level fluctuation effect - Google Patents
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- XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trichloroethylene Chemical group ClC=C(Cl)Cl XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pollution site investigation method based on an underground water level fluctuation effect. The invention has the advantages that: the site investigation method can improve the accuracy of site investigation, can more accurately control the spatial distribution characteristics of site pollutants, and provides more accurate basic data for subsequent evaluation or repair treatment work; the method can be applied to environmental investigation of various pollution sites such as agricultural land, construction land or reclaimed land, and the like, and the characteristics of influence of underground water level fluctuation on pollutant migration are utilized to evaluate the spatial distribution characteristics of pollutants so as to guide the design of an investigation scheme and carry out professional point distribution sampling.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of environmental geotechnical engineering, and particularly relates to a pollution site investigation method based on a ground water level fluctuation effect.
Background
The work of carrying out the site environment investigation is started later in China, and since 2014, the environmental protection department releases the site environment investigation technical guide (HJ 25.1-2014), the environmental investigation of the polluted site is carried out in each province and city successively until 2016, the country formally goes out the soil pollution control action plan, and further provides guarantee for the investigation of the polluted site. In addition, in 2017, the environmental protection department and the agriculture department commonly issue a "soil environment management method for agricultural land (trial run)", and it is determined that a site survey work for agricultural land is performed once every ten years. In 2018, the Ministry of environmental protection issued "methods for soil environmental management of mining sites", wherein the seventh item mentions: the important units are new, improved and expanded, and the current situation investigation of the soil and groundwater environment of the construction site is carried out according to the relevant national technical specifications when the environmental impact evaluation of the construction project is carried out.
According to the content of related plans, guidelines, methods and the like released in recent years in China, the environmental investigation work of a polluted site becomes the first step of work such as pollution treatment, site repair, groundwater repair and the like, and the accuracy of the investigation is directly related to economic, social, technical and other benefits of later repair treatment.
Most of site investigation schemes are designed mainly by a systematic point distribution method, and the point distribution method is suitable for various site situations, particularly for the situation that the pollution distribution is not clear or the pollution distribution range is large, so that the method can be said to be a 'Wanjin oil' type point distribution method, and for this reason, the site with the pollution distribution characteristics can be judged originally, the systematic point distribution method is directly adopted for simplifying the flow, and the point distribution is not representative, so that the pollution characteristics of the site cannot be accurately controlled, such as strong pollution source, pollution depth, pollution range and the like are caused. Obviously, each pollution site has the characteristics of the pollution site, such as stratum difference, pollutant type difference, pollution age difference and the like, and after the pollutants enter soil or underground water, the pollution evolution process of the pollutants on the soil and the underground water is directly related to the arrangement positions and the arrangement depths of sampling points in a investigation scheme due to the influence of the fluctuation of the underground water level, so that the accuracy of site environment investigation is influenced.
Therefore, when the field environment investigation is carried out, the system point distribution method is not used as a main stream method, more pollution characteristics of different fields are analyzed, and the pollution characteristics of the fields are accurately controlled by using the professional point distribution method, so that the purpose of investigation is achieved, and accurate basic data is provided for subsequent evaluation or repair treatment work.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a pollution site investigation method based on the groundwater level fluctuation effect.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the method for investigating the polluted site based on the groundwater level fluctuation effect is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step (1): determining basic information of a contaminated site, comprising: the location of the contaminated site, the range of the contaminated site, the type of the site, suspected contaminants, the source of the contamination and the age of the contamination;
step (2): determining hydrogeologic conditions of a polluted site, wherein the hydrogeologic conditions comprise stratum distribution conditions, soil property and physical mechanical parameters, underground water level burial depth or elevation, water level elevation and depth of surface water body, rainfall capacity, evaporation capacity, permeability coefficient, water supply degree, porosity, water content, dispersion coefficient, chemical reaction rate constant and distribution coefficient;
step (3): analyzing the groundwater level fluctuation effect of the polluted site, wherein the groundwater level fluctuation effect refers to the fluctuation characteristics of the groundwater level, and comprises the period and the amplitude of the groundwater level fluctuation and the relationship between the groundwater level and a soil layer;
step (4): based on the steps (1) - (3), establishing a water level geological concept model of the polluted site, wherein the water level geological concept model comprises the following steps:
a) The underwater aquifer is covered with a water-resisting layer and the composition of the stratum above, wherein the composition comprises ground elevation, soil property and thickness;
b) Permeability coefficient, water supply degree, porosity, water content, dispersion coefficient, chemical reaction rate constant and distribution coefficient of each stratum soil body;
c) Rainfall, evaporation capacity, surface water level elevation and depth and diving water level elevation of the polluted site;
d) The position of suspected pollutant and pollution source, pollution age and pollution intensity;
e) Boundary conditions at the boundary of the polluted site are divided into a first class of boundary conditions, a second class of boundary conditions and a third class of boundary conditions; the first type boundary condition is a given water head boundary, the second type boundary condition is a given flow boundary, the third type boundary condition is a mixed boundary, and the mixed boundary is a combination of the first type boundary condition and the second type boundary condition;
step (5): digitizing the hydrogeologic conceptual model established in the step (4), wherein the mathematical expression equation is as follows:
C(x,y,z,0)＝C 0 (x,y,z) x,y,z∈Ω
C(x,y,z,t)＝C(x,y,z) x,y,z∈Γ 1 t＞0
wherein:
c is the dissolution concentration of the soil body of the polluted site and ML -3 ；
q i To pollute the soil body of the fieldDarcy speed, LT -1 ；
D ij To the dispersion coefficient tensor of the soil body of the polluted site, L 2 T -1 ；
q s Flow rate T of aquifer per unit volume at source/sink -1 The source/sink means that water enters the simulation system through the source or leaves the simulation system through the sink;
C s ML as concentration of source/sink -3 The source/sink means that water enters the simulation system through the source or leaves the simulation system through the sink;
l 1 t is the reaction rate constant of the dissolved phase -1 ；
l 2 T is the reaction rate constant of the adsorption phase -1 ；
θ is the porosity of the soil mass of the polluted site;
θ w the water content of the soil body of the polluted site;
ρ b to pollute the volume density of the pore medium of the site soil body, ML -3 ；
R is a delay factor of soil mass of a polluted site;
C 0 (x, y, z) is a known concentration condition of the soil mass of the contaminated site;
omega is the range of the hydrogeologic conceptual model;
c (x, y, z) represents a given concentration of soil mass of the contaminated site;
Γ1, Γ2, Γ3 represent the first class boundary condition, the second class boundary condition, the third class boundary condition, respectively;
f i (x, y, z) represents a diffuse flux function orthogonal to boundary Γ2;
g i (x, y, z) is a known function representing the total flux orthogonal to Γ3;
step (6): calculating and solving the mathematical expression equation in the step (5) by adopting numerical simulation software, wherein the numerical simulation software comprises, but is not limited to GMS, FEFLOW, TOUGH and HYDRUS, COMSOL, and the calculating and solving are carried out to obtain the current pollutant concentration C in the polluted site P Comprising: (a) Contaminants (S)A horizontal distribution feature comprising contaminant concentrations at different locations in the horizontal direction; (b) A contaminant vertical distribution feature comprising contaminant concentrations at different depths in a vertical direction;
step (7): according to the step (6), the pollutant concentrations C with different positions and different depths obtained by calculation and solution are calculated P The pollutant concentration levels are classified according to the following rules:
a) Determining the minimum pollutant concentration C of pollutants in a polluted site according to the soil environment quality and soil pollution risk management and control standards of different national land types min ；
b) If C p ＞C min Calculating a contaminated site contaminant concentration differential C for classification j ，C j ＝C p -C min Difference of pollutant concentration C j Dividing the waste water into 3 equal parts, wherein the pollutant concentration ranges are respectively a pollutant concentration level I, a pollutant concentration level II and a pollutant concentration level III according to the pollutant concentration from high to low;
c) If C p ＜C min No classification of contaminant concentration levels is performed;
step (8): according to the pollutant concentration level determined in the step (7), when the on-site investigation and sampling are carried out:
a) If C p ＞C min And the pollutants of the same pollutant concentration level are distributed in a space continuous mode, sampling points are respectively arranged at the positions with the highest pollutant concentration in the 3 pollutant concentration levels, and 3 sampling points are arranged in total;
b) If C p ＞C min The pollutant spatial distribution of the same pollutant concentration level is discontinuous, sampling points are respectively arranged at the positions with the highest pollutant concentration in the pollutant spatial continuous distribution range in 3 pollutant concentration levels, and meanwhile, the sampling points are arranged at the positions with the discontinuous pollutant concentration distribution range, and the number of the sampling points is more than 3;
c) If C p ＜C min The sampling points are arranged at the position of the highest pollutant concentration, 1 sampling point is arrangedSampling points;
step (9): performing interval sampling within the depth range of the sampling points, so that the number of samples at each sampling point is not less than 3;
step (10): sending the sample to a laboratory for detection, and detecting the pollutant concentration C of the sample text And C p And C min Comparison is performed: if C p ＞C min And C text ＞C min Or C p ≤C min And C text ＞C min The sampling points need to be supplemented; wherein C is p ＞C min And C text ＞C min When the complementary sampling point is C P-supplement ＝C min Is a position of (2); c (C) p ≤C min And C text ＞C min When the complementary sampling point is C P-supplement ＝(C p *C min /C text ) Is a position of (c).
Analyzing the groundwater level fluctuation effect of the polluted site in the step (3) comprises the following steps:
step (3.1): collecting rainfall information of at least one hydrologic year and actual measurement information of a diving level monitoring well in a administrative area where a pollution site is located, wherein the rainfall information is rainfall, and the actual measurement information of the diving level monitoring well is diving water level burial depth or elevation;
step (3.2): daily average rainfall is expressed as
The daily average diving water level burial depth or elevation is expressed as
Step (3.3): constructing a coordinate system, wherein the X-axis of the coordinate system represents daily average rainfall
The Y-axis of the coordinate system represents the daily average diving water level burial depth or elevation expressed as +.>
And collect +.>
And->
Drawing a dot diagram on the coordinate system;
step (3.4): performing linear correlation analysis on the drawn dot diagram to obtain a linear correlation linear equation, which is expressed as y=ax+b, wherein Y represents a daily average diving water level burial depth or elevation
X represents daily average rainfall->
a and b are constants;
step (3.5): calculating a correlation coefficient R of the linear correlation linear equation to verify whether the linear correlation linear equation is satisfied, if R is less than 0.5, indicating that the linear correlation linear equation is not satisfied, and burying the daily average diving water level or elevation
Daily average rainfall->
The two are nonlinear relations; if R is more than or equal to 0.5, the linear correlation linear equation is established, and the next step is carried out;
step (3.6): and determining the diving water level burial depth or elevation of the polluted site by utilizing the linear correlation linear equation and rainfall data of the polluted site so as to further analyze the diving water level fluctuation characteristics of the polluted site.
In the step (3.4), the method for obtaining the linear correlation linear equation is as follows: and carrying out linear correlation analysis on the drawn dot diagram, drawing to obtain a linear correlation straight line, arbitrarily selecting two points on the linear correlation straight line, and determining an equation of the linear correlation straight line according to coordinates of the two points.
In step (3.5), the method for calculating the correlation coefficient R is as follows:
(1) Defining residual e i ＝y i -f i Wherein y is i Is a point actually drawn on the dot map; f (f) i Is y and y i Points corresponding to the abscissa of said linear correlation line;
(2) Calculating the sum of squares of residual errors SS res The calculation formula is as follows:
(3) Definition of average observations
Wherein y is i Is a point actually drawn on the dot map; n is the number of points actually drawn on the dot map;
(4) Calculate the sum of squares SS tot The calculation formula is
(5) Calculating a determination coefficient R 2 The calculation formula is as follows:
(6) Calculating to obtain the correlation coefficient R, wherein a calculation formula is as follows
The invention has the advantages that: the site investigation method can improve the accuracy of site investigation, can more accurately control the spatial distribution characteristics of site pollutants, and provides more accurate basic data for subsequent evaluation or repair treatment work; the method can be applied to environmental investigation of various pollution sites such as agricultural land, construction land or reclaimed land, and the like, and the characteristics of influence of underground water level fluctuation on pollutant migration are utilized to evaluate the spatial distribution characteristics of pollutants so as to guide the design of an investigation scheme and carry out professional point distribution sampling.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a statistical table of soil layer distribution and migration related parameters of a target site according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a chart of rainfall statistics of a target site in a hydrologic year in the invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the statistics of the intensity of evaporation from a target site on a submerged surface over a hydrological period in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a table showing the average annual average diving depth of a hydrologic year in a administrative area of a contaminated site according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a dot pattern drawn in the present invention for linear correlation analysis and drawing a straight line for linear correlation.
Detailed Description
The features of the present invention and other related features are described in further detail below by way of example in conjunction with the accompanying drawings to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art.
Examples: as shown in fig. 1-5, the embodiment specifically relates to a pollution site investigation method based on a ground water level fluctuation effect, which can be applied to environmental investigation of various pollution sites such as agricultural land, construction land or reclaimed land, and the like, and the characteristics of influence of ground water level fluctuation on pollutant migration are utilized to evaluate the spatial distribution characteristics of pollutants, so as to guide investigation scheme design and carry out professional point distribution sampling. The specific steps of the investigation method are described below in connection with a contaminated site:
step (1): determining basic information of a contaminated site, wherein the basic information comprises: the location of the contaminated site, the range of the contaminated site, the type of land used, suspected contaminants, the source of the contamination, the age of the contamination.
The target site in the embodiment is a certain pollution site, the range of the target site is 200m multiplied by 200m, the pollutant is trichloroethylene, the pollution period is 10 years, the pollution source is a site orthowash pool, and the pollution intensity is 100mg/L;
as shown in FIG. 1, this is the caseIn the embodiment, the soil layer distribution and migration related parameter statistics table of the target site is shown in fig. 2, which is a rainfall statistics chart of the target site in one hydrologic year, and fig. 3, which is a diving evaporation intensity statistics chart of the target site in one hydrologic year, wherein the ground elevation is +4.5m, and the depth is mainly composed of cohesive soil and sandy soil in the range of 30m, and the top-down is mainly divided into 4 layers: the layer (1) is filled with soil, and the burial depth of the layer bottom is 2m; first (2) 3-1 The layer is a sandy silt layer, and the burial depth of the layer bottom is 15m; first (2) 3-2 The layer is a silt layer, and the burial depth of the layer bottom is 20m; the layer (5) is a clay layer, and is not uncovered until the depth is 30 m. Each layer of earth may be generalized to be homogeneous, horizontally and vertically, depending on the layering of the formation.
Step (2): and determining the hydrogeologic conditions of the polluted site, wherein the hydrogeologic conditions comprise stratum distribution conditions, soil property and physical mechanical parameters, ground water level burial depth or elevation, water level elevation and depth of surface water body, rainfall, evaporation capacity, permeability coefficient, water supply degree, porosity, water content, dispersion coefficient, chemical reaction rate constant and distribution coefficient.
Step (3): analyzing the groundwater level fluctuation effect of a polluted site, wherein the groundwater level fluctuation effect refers to the fluctuation characteristic of the groundwater level, and comprises the period and the amplitude of the groundwater level fluctuation and the relation between the groundwater level and a soil layer, and specifically comprises the following calculation steps:
step (3.1): collecting rainfall data of at least one hydrologic year and actual measurement data of a diving level monitoring well in an administrative area where a pollution site is located, wherein the administrative area can be a village/town, district/county; the rainfall information is rainfall, and the actual measurement information of the submerged water level monitoring well is the buried depth or elevation of the submerged water level.
Step (3.2): as shown in fig. 1 and 4, the rainfall data collected in the step (3.1) is daily averaged for one hydrologic year to obtain daily average rainfall
And daily averaging the buried depth or elevation data of the diving water level according to a hydrologic year to obtain a daily average diving water levelBurial depth or elevation->
The data may be obtained on average in a month according to actual needs.
Step (3.3): constructing a coordinate system, wherein the X-axis of the coordinate system represents daily average rainfall
The Y-axis of the coordinate system represents the daily average diving water level burial depth or elevation +.>
And collecting +.>
And->
The data draws a dot pattern on the coordinate system.
Step (3.4): as shown in fig. 5, the data analysis software is used to perform linear correlation analysis on the drawn dot diagram by using its own correlation analysis function to obtain a linear correlation straight line, and the determination principle of the linear correlation straight line is as follows: ensuring that most points lie on the linearly related straight line or that points can be evenly distributed on both sides of the linearly related straight line.
After obtaining the determined linear correlation straight line, arbitrarily selecting two points on the linear correlation straight line, and reading the coordinates of the two points to determine the daily average rainfall
Is buried with the daily average diving water level or elevation +.>
The relation between the two is obtained, and an equation of the linear correlation straight line is expressed as Y=aX+b, wherein Y represents the burial depth or elevation of the daily average diving water level +.>
X represents daily average rainfall->
a and b are constants;
in the embodiment, according to the data in the administrative area where the actual polluted site is located, the correlation between the buried depth of the water and the rainfall is analyzed, and an equation of a linear correlation straight line is obtained, wherein Y= -0.0023X+1.6376.
Step (3.5): the correlation coefficient R of the linear correlation linear equation is calculated to verify whether the linear correlation linear equation is established:
if R is less than 0.5, the linear correlation linear equation is not established, and the daily average diving water level burial depth or elevation
Daily average rainfall->
The nonlinear relation is formed between the two components, and the nonlinear relation can be considered according to nonlinear correlation;
if R is more than or equal to 0.5, the linear correlation linear equation is established, and the next step is continued;
the calculation method of the correlation coefficient R comprises the following steps:
(a) Defining residual e i ＝y i -f i Wherein y is i Is a point actually drawn on the dot map; f (f) i Is y and y i Points corresponding to the abscissa of (a) and lying on a linearly related straight line;
(b) Calculating the sum of squares of residual errors SS res The calculation formula is as follows:
(c) Definition of average observations
Wherein,,y i is a point actually drawn on the dot map; n is the number of points actually drawn on the dot map;
(d) Calculate the sum of squares SS tot The calculation formula is
(e) Calculating a determination coefficient R 2 The calculation formula is as follows:
(f) Calculating to obtain the correlation coefficient R, wherein a calculation formula is as follows
In the present embodiment, the equation of the linear correlation straight line is y= -0.0023x+1.6376, the determination coefficient R2 is 0.6165, and the correlation coefficient
As can be seen from the linear correlation linear equation, the slope of the equation is a negative value, which indicates that the buried depth of the water is in negative correlation with the rainfall, and the slope is consistent with the actual situation, namely, the rainfall infiltrates and supplements the ground water, so that the buried depth of the water is raised, and the buried depth of the water is correspondingly reduced, so that the negative correlation exists between the buried depth of the water and the rainfall. The correlation coefficient R is 0.79, lying in the interval [0.5,0.8 ]]In the above, it is explained that there is a significant linear negative correlation between the buried depth and the rainfall. The fluctuation characteristic of the diving level is consistent with the periodic variation characteristic of the rainfall.
Step (3.6): and determining the diving water level burial depth or elevation of the target analysis area by utilizing the linear correlation linear equation and rainfall data of the target analysis area so as to further analyze the diving water level fluctuation characteristics of the target analysis area.
In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the fluctuation of the water level exhibits four periods in one year, the first period being from 11 months of the previous year to 2 months of the present year; the second period is from 3 months to 4 months; the third period is from 5 months to 8 months; the fourth period is from 9 months to 10 months. It can be seen that the first cycle and the third cycle are both 4 months, belonging to the long cycle; and the second cycle and the fourth cycle are both 2 months, belonging to the short cycle. From the analysis of the variation amplitude of the diving water level in the four periods, the variation amplitude of the diving water level in the third period and the fourth period is larger, especially the variation amplitude of the diving water level in the third period is largest, the two periods are in summer and autumn, and belong to the season with most abundant rainwater in one year and the season with higher temperature in one year, so that the rainfall infiltration replenishment is large, and meanwhile, the evaporation is stronger.
Step (4): based on the steps (1) - (3), establishing a water level geological conceptual model of the polluted site, wherein the water level geological conceptual model comprises the following steps:
a) The underwater aquifer is covered with a water-resisting layer and the composition of the stratum above, wherein the composition comprises ground elevation, soil property and thickness;
b) Permeability coefficient, water supply degree, porosity, water content, dispersion coefficient, chemical reaction rate constant and distribution coefficient of each stratum soil body;
c) Rainfall, evaporation capacity, surface water level elevation and depth and diving water level elevation of the polluted site;
d) The position of suspected pollutant and pollution source, pollution age and pollution intensity;
e) Boundary conditions at the boundary of the polluted site are divided into a first class of boundary conditions, a second class of boundary conditions and a third class of boundary conditions; the first type of boundary condition is a given head boundary, the second type of boundary condition is a given flow boundary, the third type of boundary condition is a hybrid boundary, and the hybrid boundary is a combination of the first type of boundary condition and the second type of boundary condition.
In this embodiment, the west side of the contaminated site is a river, considered as a third type of boundary condition; the eastern side of the polluted site is provided with a submerged water level long-term monitoring well, and the eastern side boundary is considered as a first type boundary condition according to water level monitoring data of the monitoring well; the ground water flow direction of the field is mainly east-west, so that the boundary on the north and south sides of the field is considered as a second type of boundary condition.
Step (5): digitizing the hydrogeologic conceptual model established in the step (4), wherein the mathematical expression equation is as follows:
C(x,y,z,0)＝C 0 (x,y,z) x,y,z∈Ω
C(x,y,z,t)＝C(x,y,z) x,y,z∈Γ 1 t＞0
wherein:
c is the dissolution concentration of the soil body of the polluted site and ML -3 ；
q i To pollute the Darcy speed of the soil body of a site, LT -1 ；
D ij To the dispersion coefficient tensor of the soil body of the polluted site, L 2 T -1 ；
q s Flow rate T of aquifer per unit volume at source/sink -1 Source/sink means that water enters the simulation system through the source or leaves the simulation system through sink;
C s ML as concentration of source/sink -3 Source/sink means that water enters the simulation system through the source or leaves the simulation system through sink;
l 1 t is the reaction rate constant of the dissolved phase -1 ；
l 2 T is the reaction rate constant of the adsorption phase -1 ；
θ is the porosity of the soil mass of the polluted site;
θ w the water content of the soil body of the polluted site;
ρ b to pollute the volume density of the pore medium of the site soil body, ML -3 ；
R is a delay factor of soil mass of a polluted site;
C 0 (x, y, z) is a known concentration condition of the soil mass of the contaminated site;
omega is the range of the hydrogeologic conceptual model;
c (x, y, z) represents a given concentration of soil mass of the contaminated site;
Γ1, Γ2, Γ3 represent a first class boundary condition, a second class boundary condition, a third class boundary condition, respectively;
f i (x, y, z) represents a diffuse flux function orthogonal to boundary Γ2;
g i (x, y, z) is a known function representing the total flux orthogonal to Γ3.
Step (6): calculating and solving the mathematical expression equation in the step (5) by adopting numerical simulation software, wherein the numerical simulation software comprises, but is not limited to, GMS, FEFLOW, TOUGH and HYDRUS, COMSOL, and the current pollutant concentration C in the polluted site is obtained by calculating and solving P Comprising: (a) A contaminant horizontal distribution feature comprising contaminant concentrations at different locations in the horizontal direction; (b) A vertical contaminant distribution feature, the vertical contaminant distribution feature comprising contaminant concentrations at different depths in a vertical direction.
Step (7): according to the step (6), the pollutant concentrations C with different positions and different depths obtained by calculation and solution are calculated P The pollutant concentration levels are classified according to the following rules:
a) Determining pollutants in a polluted site according to soil environment quality and soil pollution risk management and control standards of different national land typesMinimum contaminant concentration C min The minimum concentration of pollutant C min Should be equal to the screening value in the standard;
b) If C p ＞C min Calculating a contaminated site contaminant concentration differential C for classification j ，C j ＝C p -C min Difference of pollutant concentration C j Dividing the waste water into 3 equal parts, wherein the pollutant concentration ranges are respectively a pollutant concentration level I, a pollutant concentration level II and a pollutant concentration level III according to the pollutant concentration from high to low;
c) If C p ＜C min No classification of contaminant concentration levels is performed.
Step (8): according to the pollutant concentration level determined in the step (7), when the on-site investigation and sampling are carried out:
a) If C p ＞C min And the pollutants of the same pollutant concentration level are distributed in a space continuous mode, sampling points are respectively arranged at the positions with the highest pollutant concentration in the 3 pollutant concentration levels, and 3 sampling points are arranged in total;
b) If C p ＞C min The pollutant spatial distribution of the same pollutant concentration level is discontinuous, sampling points are respectively arranged at the positions with the highest pollutant concentration in the pollutant spatial continuous distribution range in 3 pollutant concentration levels, and meanwhile, the sampling points are arranged at the positions with the discontinuous pollutant concentration distribution range, and the number of the sampling points is more than 3;
c) If C p ＜C min The sampling points are arranged only at the position of the highest pollutant concentration, and 1 sampling point is arranged in total.
Whether the spatial distribution of the contaminants mentioned therein is continuously influenced by fluctuations in the groundwater level. The fluctuation of the groundwater level makes the submergence at a certain horizontal position suddenly rise and suddenly fall, and the direct influence is that: (1) for dissolved item pollutants, the diving water rises to enable the dissolved item pollutants to be brought to the upper soil layer, part of the dissolved item pollutants are adsorbed by the upper soil layer, and when the diving water descends, the part of the adsorbed pollutants are retained in the upper soil layer; (2) for contaminants that are insoluble in water, the water-repellent contaminants (LNAPLs) are only lighter than water, the water level rises, the LNAPLs are carried to the upper soil layer, and when the water level falls, the water level remains in the upper soil layer.
In this embodiment, the concentration of the pollutant in the (1) th layer of the filling soil of the polluted site is in a discontinuous region with the concentration rising in the range of 2m-4m from the east side of the pollution source, the concentration of the pollutant in other regions is continuous, and the concentration falling trend of the pollutant is consistent with the flowing direction of the groundwater.
Step (9): and performing interval sampling within the depth range of the sampling points, so that the number of sample collection at each sampling point is not less than 3.
Step (10): the collected sample is sent to a laboratory for detection, and the pollutant detection concentration C of the sample text And C p And C min Comparison is performed: if C p ＞C min And C text ＞C min Or C p ≤C min And C text ＞C min The sampling points need to be supplemented; wherein C is p ＞C min And C text ＞C min When the complementary sampling point is C P-supplement ＝C min Is a position of (2); c (C) p ≤C min And C text ＞C min When the complementary sampling point is C P-supplement ＝(C p *C min /C text ) Is a position of (c).
Claims (4)
1. The method for investigating the polluted site based on the groundwater level fluctuation effect is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step (1): determining basic information of a contaminated site, comprising: the location of the contaminated site, the range of the contaminated site, the type of the site, suspected contaminants, the source of the contamination and the age of the contamination;
step (2): determining hydrogeologic conditions of a polluted site, wherein the hydrogeologic conditions comprise stratum distribution conditions, soil property and physical mechanical parameters, underground water level burial depth or elevation, water level elevation and depth of surface water body, rainfall capacity, evaporation capacity, permeability coefficient, water supply degree, porosity, water content, dispersion coefficient, chemical reaction rate constant and distribution coefficient;
step (3): analyzing the groundwater level fluctuation effect of the polluted site, wherein the groundwater level fluctuation effect refers to the fluctuation characteristics of the groundwater level, and comprises the period and the amplitude of the groundwater level fluctuation and the relationship between the groundwater level and a soil layer;
step (4): based on the steps (1) - (3), establishing a water level geological concept model of the polluted site, wherein the water level geological concept model comprises the following steps:
a) The underwater aquifer is covered with a water-resisting layer and the composition of the stratum above, wherein the composition comprises ground elevation, soil property and thickness;
b) Permeability coefficient, water supply degree, porosity, water content, dispersion coefficient, chemical reaction rate constant and distribution coefficient of each stratum soil body;
c) Rainfall, evaporation capacity, surface water level elevation and depth and diving water level elevation of the polluted site;
d) The position of suspected pollutant and pollution source, pollution age and pollution intensity;
e) Boundary conditions at the boundary of the polluted site are divided into a first class of boundary conditions, a second class of boundary conditions and a third class of boundary conditions; the first type boundary condition is a given water head boundary, the second type boundary condition is a given flow boundary, the third type boundary condition is a mixed boundary, and the mixed boundary is a combination of the first type boundary condition and the second type boundary condition;
step (5): digitizing the hydrogeologic conceptual model established in the step (4), wherein the mathematical expression equation is as follows:
C(x,y,z,0)＝C 0 (x,y,z)x,y,z∈Ω
C(x,y,z,t)＝C(x,y,z)x,y,z∈Γ 1 t＞0
wherein:
c is the dissolution concentration of the soil body of the polluted site and ML -3 ；
C is the adsorption concentration of the soil body of the polluted site, MM -1 ；
q i To pollute the Darcy speed of the soil body of a site, LT -1 ；
D ij To the dispersion coefficient tensor of the soil body of the polluted site, L 2 T -1 ；
q s Flow rate T of aquifer per unit volume at source/sink -1 The source/sink means that water enters the simulation system through the source or leaves the simulation system through the sink;
C s ML as concentration of source/sink -3 The source/sink means that water enters the simulation system through the source or leaves the simulation system through the sink;
λ 1 t is the reaction rate constant of the dissolved phase -1 ；
λ 2 T is the reaction rate constant of the adsorption phase -1 ；
θ is the porosity of the soil mass of the polluted site;
θ w the water content of the soil body of the polluted site;
ρ b to pollute the volume density of the pore medium of the site soil body, ML -3 ；
R is a delay factor of soil mass of a polluted site;
C 0 (x, y, z) is a known concentration condition of the soil mass of the contaminated site;
omega is the range of the hydrogeologic conceptual model;
c (x, y, z) represents a given concentration of soil mass of the contaminated site;
Γ1, Γ2, Γ3 represent the first class boundary condition, the second class boundary condition, the third class boundary condition, respectively;
f i (x, y, z) represents a diffuse flux function orthogonal to boundary Γ2;
g i (x, y, z) is a known function representing the total flux orthogonal to Γ3;
step (6): calculating and solving the mathematical expression equation in the step (5) by adopting numerical simulation software, wherein the numerical simulation software comprises, but is not limited to GMS, FEFLOW, TOUGH and HYDRUS, COMSOL, and the calculating and solving are carried out to obtain the current pollutant concentration C in the polluted site P Comprising: (a) A contaminant horizontal distribution feature comprising contaminant concentrations at different locations in the horizontal direction; (b) A contaminant vertical distribution feature comprising contaminant concentrations at different depths in a vertical direction;
step (7): according to the step (6), the pollutant concentrations C with different positions and different depths obtained by calculation and solution are calculated P The pollutant concentration levels are classified according to the following rules:
a) Determining the minimum pollutant concentration C of pollutants in a polluted site according to the soil environment quality and soil pollution risk management and control standards of different national land types min ；
b) If C p ＞C min Calculating a contaminated site contaminant concentration differential C for classification j ，C j ＝C p -C min Difference of pollutant concentration C j Dividing the waste water into 3 equal parts, wherein the pollutant concentration ranges are respectively a pollutant concentration level I, a pollutant concentration level II and a pollutant concentration level III according to the pollutant concentration from high to low;
c) If C p ＜C min No classification of contaminant concentration levels is performed;
step (8): according to the pollutant concentration level determined in the step (7), when the on-site investigation and sampling are carried out:
a) If C p ＞C min And the pollutants of the same pollutant concentration level are distributed in a space continuous mode, sampling points are respectively arranged at the positions with the highest pollutant concentration in the 3 pollutant concentration levels, and 3 sampling points are arranged in total;
b) If C p ＞C min The pollutant spatial distribution of the same pollutant concentration level is discontinuous, sampling points are respectively arranged at the positions with the highest pollutant concentration in the pollutant spatial continuous distribution range in 3 pollutant concentration levels, and meanwhile, the sampling points are arranged at the positions with the discontinuous pollutant concentration distribution range, and the number of the sampling points is more than 3;
c) If C p ＜C min Arranging sampling points at the position of the highest pollutant concentration, and setting 1 sampling point in total;
step (9): performing interval sampling within the depth range of the sampling points, so that the number of samples at each sampling point is not less than 3;
step (10): sending the sample to a laboratory for detection, and detecting the pollutant concentration C of the sample text And C p And C min Comparison is performed: if C p ＞C min And C text ＞C min Or C p ≤C min And C text ＞C min The sampling points need to be supplemented; wherein C is p ＞C min And C text ＞C min When the complementary sampling point is C P-supplement ＝C min Is a position of (2); c (C) p ≤C min And C text ＞C min When the complementary sampling point is C P-supplement ＝(C p *C min /C text ) Is a position of (c).
2. The contaminated site investigation method based on the groundwater level fluctuation effect according to claim 1, wherein the analyzing of the groundwater level fluctuation effect of the contaminated site in the step (3) comprises the steps of:
step (3.1): collecting rainfall information of at least one hydrologic year and actual measurement information of a diving level monitoring well in a administrative area where a pollution site is located, wherein the rainfall information is rainfall, and the actual measurement information of the diving level monitoring well is diving water level burial depth or elevation;
step (3.2): daily average rainfall is expressed as
The daily average diving water level burial depth or elevation is expressed as +.>
Step (3.3): constructing a coordinate system, wherein the X-axis of the coordinate system represents daily average rainfall
The Y-axis of the coordinate system represents the daily average diving water level burial depth or elevation expressed as +.>
And collect +.>
And->
Drawing a dot diagram on the coordinate system;
step (3.4): performing linear correlation analysis on the drawn dot diagram to obtain a linear correlation linear equation, which is expressed as y=ax+b, wherein Y represents a daily average diving water level burial depth or elevation
X represents daily average rainfall->
a and b are constants;
step (3.5): calculating a correlation coefficient R of the linear correlation linear equation to verify whether the linear correlation linear equation is satisfied, and if R < 0.5, indicating thatThe linear correlation linear equation is not established, and the daily average diving water level burial depth or elevation
Daily average rainfall->
The two are nonlinear relations; if R is more than or equal to 0.5, the linear correlation linear equation is established, and the next step is carried out;
step (3.6): and determining the diving water level burial depth or elevation of the polluted site by utilizing the linear correlation linear equation and rainfall data of the polluted site so as to further analyze the diving water level fluctuation characteristics of the polluted site.
3. The contaminated site investigation method based on the groundwater level fluctuation effect according to claim 2, wherein in the step (3.4), the method for obtaining the linear correlation linear equation is as follows: and carrying out linear correlation analysis on the drawn dot diagram, drawing to obtain a linear correlation straight line, arbitrarily selecting two points on the linear correlation straight line, and determining an equation of the linear correlation straight line according to coordinates of the two points.
4. The contaminated site investigation method based on the groundwater level fluctuation effect according to claim 3, wherein in the step (3.5), the calculation method of the correlation coefficient R is as follows:
(1) Defining residual e i ＝y i -f i Wherein y is i Is a point actually drawn on the dot map; f (f) i Is y and y i Points corresponding to the abscissa of said linear correlation line;
(2) Calculating the sum of squares of residual errors SS res The calculation formula is as follows:
(3) Definition of average observations
Wherein y is i Is a point actually drawn on the dot map; n is the number of points actually drawn on the dot map;
(4) Calculate the sum of squares SS tot The calculation formula is
(5) Calculating a determination coefficient R 2 The calculation formula is as follows:
(6) Calculating to obtain the correlation coefficient R, wherein a calculation formula is as follows
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