CN111003802B - Engineering wetland system and method suitable for efficiently removing organic matters in low-temperature environment - Google Patents
Engineering wetland system and method suitable for efficiently removing organic matters in low-temperature environment Download PDFInfo
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- CN111003802B CN111003802B CN201911219142.6A CN201911219142A CN111003802B CN 111003802 B CN111003802 B CN 111003802B CN 201911219142 A CN201911219142 A CN 201911219142A CN 111003802 B CN111003802 B CN 111003802B
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
- C02F3/286—Anaerobic digestion processes including two or more steps
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
- C02F3/2866—Particular arrangements for anaerobic reactors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
- C02F3/322—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae use of algae
- C02F3/325—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae use of algae as symbiotic combination of algae and bacteria
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
- C10L5/46—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on sewage, house, or town refuse
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/04—Oxidation reduction potential [ORP]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
- C02F2301/10—Temperature conditions for biological treatment
- C02F2301/106—Thermophilic treatment
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Biological Treatment Of Waste Water (AREA)
- Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an engineering wetland system and a method for efficiently removing organic matters in a low-temperature environment, wherein the system comprises a fermentation tank and a purification tank, wherein the fermentation tank comprises a fermentation tank body, insoluble organic matters, a filter layer, a floating isolation layer, a fermentation tank spraying device, a fermentation tank water outlet pipe and a water inlet on the bottom of the fermentation tank body; the purifying tank comprises a purifying tank body, a plant growing area, an empty area and an aeration area, an oxidation-reduction potential detector, a pH detector, a purifying tank water inlet pipe and a heating pipe; the heating pipe is arranged in the lower part of the purifying tank and is used for heating the water body in the purifying tank; the outlets of the fermentation tank spraying device and the fermentation tank water outlet pipe are communicated with the plant growth area.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of sewage ecological treatment, in particular to an engineering wetland system and method suitable for efficiently removing organic matters in a low-temperature environment.
Background
Engineered wetland refers to an artificially constructed, controllable and engineered wetland system designed and constructed to treat wastewater through an optimized combination of physical, chemical and biological effects in the natural ecosystem of the wetland.
The engineering wetland waste water treatment technology is a sewage ecological treatment technology developed in the seventh and eighth ages of the 20 th century, generally consists of an artificial substrate and aquatic plants (such as reed, typha and the like) growing on the artificial substrate, and is a unique soil (substrate) -plant-microorganism ecological system. As the wastewater passes through the system, the contaminants and nutrients therein are absorbed, converted or decomposed by the system, thereby purifying the water.
One of the remarkable characteristics of the engineering wetland is that the engineering wetland has stronger organic matter removal capability. On the one hand, insoluble organic matters in the wastewater are removed by the interception of the filler in the wetland bed and can be utilized by partial facultative or anaerobic microorganisms; on the other hand, the soluble pollutant in the wastewater is degraded and removed through adsorption, absorption and biological metabolism of the plant root system and the biological film on the surface of the filler, namely, the organic matter removal of the wetland bed is the result of physical interception precipitation and biological absorption and degradation. The final destination of most of the organics in the wastewater is the conversion by heterotrophic microorganisms into microorganisms, carbon dioxide and water.
In addition, when the ambient temperature is low, the activity of the organism, such as metabolic activity, becomes weaker, e.g., 5 ℃ is often considered to be "biological zero" below this temperature, and the biological activity stagnates or is rather slow, thereby slowing down the rate of organism removal or complete stagnation.
Therefore, the prior art still has the defects of low purification efficiency, large occupied area and the like. There is therefore a need for new techniques and methods to address the deficiencies in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: in order to at least partially overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides an engineering wetland system and method suitable for efficiently removing organic matters in a low-temperature environment.
The technical scheme is as follows: according to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided an engineering wetland system suitable for efficiently removing organic matters in a low-temperature environment, comprising: a fermentation tank (10) and a purification tank (20),
The fermentation tank (10) comprises a fermentation tank body (11), insoluble organic matters (12), a filter layer (13), a floating isolation layer (14), a fermentation tank spraying device (15), a fermentation tank water outlet pipe (16) and a water inlet (17) formed in the bottom of the fermentation tank body (11), wherein the insoluble organic matters (12) are deposited at the bottom of the fermentation tank body, and the filter layer is arranged in the middle of the fermentation tank body and is a certain distance away from the top of the insoluble organic matters (12); the floating isolation layer (14) floats on the surface layer of the water surface in the fermentation tank body; the fermentation tank spraying device (15) and the communication ports of the fermentation tank water outlet pipe (16) and the fermentation tank body are arranged above the filter layer (13);
The purifying tank (20) comprises a purifying tank body (21), a plant growing area (22), an empty area (23) and an aeration area (24), an oxidation-reduction potential detector (25), a pH detector (26), a purifying tank water inlet pipe (27) and a heating pipe (29);
The plant growing area (22), the empty area (23) and the aeration area (24) are arranged in the purifying tank body, and the plant growing area (22) comprises a substrate layer (222), submerged plants (221) growing on the substrate layer (222) and a purifying tank water outlet (223) arranged in the substrate layer (222); the matrix layer (222) comprises an upper mineral soil layer (2221), a lower sand gravel or building demolition waste material layer (2222), and a spacer layer (2223) therebetween; an oxidation-reduction potential detector (25) and a pH detector (26) are provided in the plant growth area (22); the plant growing area (22), the empty area (23) and the aeration area (24) are separated by a separation layer (28), and communication holes are formed in the separation layer, so that water bodies among the areas are communicated; the heating pipe (29) is arranged in the lower part of the purifying tank and is used for heating the water body in the purifying tank;
the outlets of the fermentation tank spraying device (15) and the fermentation tank water outlet pipe (16) are communicated with the plant growing area (22).
Preferably, the floating isolation layer (14) is a layer of granular foam.
Preferably, the filter layer (13) is a long fiber geotextile layer with three layers arranged at a certain distance.
Preferably, the submerged plant is selected from the group consisting of Sargassum, chlorella, ranunculus japonicus, sargassum, and Heterodera.
Preferably, the spacer layer (2223) is a staple fiber geotextile layer.
Preferably, the purifying tank water inlet pipe (27) is a spray water inlet pipe.
Preferably, furfural slag and steel slag for adjusting the pH value of the water body are added in the empty region (23).
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a method for efficiently removing organic matters using an engineering wetland system suitable for a low-temperature environment, the method comprising the steps of:
1) Adding insoluble organic matters obtained by primary filtering of sewage into a fermentation tank body (11), injecting anaerobic sewage through a water inlet (17) to enable a floating isolation layer (14) to float on the surface layer of the water surface in the fermentation tank body, and then closing the water inlet (17) to perform anaerobic fermentation for a proper time, for example, 3-5 days;
2) Opening the water inlet (17) again to inject anaerobic sewage, and simultaneously opening the fermentation tank spraying device (15) so that the flow rate flowing into the fermentation tank is basically equal to the flow rate flowing out of the fermentation tank spraying device (15) to the purifying tank (20); when the water level in the purifying tank (20) rises to submerge the plants by a certain height (for example, about 30 cm), the water inlet (17) and the fermenting tank spraying device (15) are closed;
3) Measuring the oxidation-reduction potential of the water body in the purifying tank by using an oxidation-reduction potential detector (25), if the oxidation-reduction potential is less than 400mV, aerating the water body by using an aeration zone (24), and if the oxidation-reduction potential is greater than 600mV, leading anaerobic water in the fermenting tank to the purifying tank by using a fermenting tank water outlet pipe (16), so that the oxidation-reduction potential is maintained at 400-600 mV;
4) The pH value of the water body of the purifying pond is measured by a pH detector (26), under the premise of ensuring that the oxidation-reduction potential is maintained at 400-600 mV, acidic furfural slag or alkaline steel slag is added into an empty area, so that the pH value of the water body is maintained near neutral, and meanwhile, heat is supplied by a heat supply pipe (29), so that the temperature of the water body is maintained at 20-30 ℃; thereby being beneficial to the growth and metabolism of microorganisms and plants and promoting the purification of organic matters;
5) Detecting the concentration of organic matters in the wastewater, and opening a water outlet (223) of the purifying tank to drain when the concentration meets the discharge standard;
6) Spraying sewage to be treated into a purifying tank (20) by using a purifying tank water inlet pipe (27), and closing the purifying tank water inlet pipe (27) when the water level in the purifying tank (20) rises to a certain height (for example, about 30 cm) for submerging the plants;
7) Repeating steps 3) -6).
Preferably, the organic matter concentration is BOD or COD.
Preferably, the method further comprises, when the water level in the purifying tank is too high in step 3), opening a water outlet (223) of the purifying tank to drain water, and injecting the drained water into the fermentation tank body through the water inlet (17).
Preferably, the method further comprises repeating steps 1) -5 with the fermentation vat (10) while the efficiency of the vat (20) for removing organic matter is reduced or the vat matrix layer (222) is replaced.
Preferably, the method further comprises, prior to step 1), adding an amount of gypsum powder to the fermentation vat (11).
Preferably, the method further comprises growing a submerged plant in the plant growing area (22).
The beneficial effects are that: the oxidation-reduction potential of wastewater in the purification area is monitored by an oxidation-reduction potentiometer, oxygenation is carried out by spraying, air pipe aeration and the way of surrounding the oxidation roots of aquatic plants on mineral soil, the spraying and aeration device is closed, the water outlet pipe of the fermentation tank is opened, anaerobic water and microorganism consumption is discharged into the purification tank, dissolved oxygen in the water in the purification area is reduced, the oxidation-reduction positioning of the water is maintained at 400-600 mV, the oxidation speed of organic matters is improved, acidic furfural slag or alkaline steel slag is added in an empty area by a pH meter, and the pH value of the water is maintained near neutrality, so that the growth and metabolism of microorganisms and plants are facilitated; simultaneously, the temperature of the water body is maintained at 20-30 ℃ by heating, so that the growth and metabolism of microorganisms and submerged plants are facilitated; the concentration of microorganisms in the purifying tank is increased by introducing the fermenting tank, so that the speed of removing organic matters is increased; the construction demolition waste is used as a matrix, and the steel slag is utilized, so that the recycling of the waste is realized, and the addition of gypsum powder can inhibit the generation of greenhouse gas methane. In addition, if the amount of organic matters trapped by the interception device such as the trash rack is large, the insoluble organic matters can be dried to be used as the boiler room fuel, thereby realizing the sufficient treatment (recycling) of pollutants.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an engineered wetland system according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, based on the embodiments of the invention, which would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an engineered wetland system according to an embodiment of the invention. As shown in fig. 1, the engineering wetland system suitable for the low-temperature environment for efficiently removing organic matters according to the present invention may include: a fermentation tank (10) and a purification tank (20), wherein the fermentation tank (10) can drain water therein into the purification tank (20) through a pipe.
As shown in the figure, the fermentation tank (10) can comprise a fermentation tank body (11), insoluble organic matters (12), a filter layer (13), a floating isolation layer (14), a fermentation tank spraying device (15), a fermentation tank water outlet pipe (16), a water inlet (17) on the bottom of the fermentation tank body (11) and a fermentation tank water inlet pipe (18) connected with the water inlet.
The fermentation tank body (11) is used for the anaerobic fermentation treatment of wastewater. The insoluble organic matters (12) are precipitated at the bottom of the fermentation tank body. For example, the insoluble organic matter may be derived from insoluble organic matter captured by sewage through an interception device such as a trash rack. The filter layer (13) is arranged in the middle of the fermentation tank body and is a certain distance away from the top of the insoluble organic matter (12). More specifically, the filter layer (13) may be a long-fiber geotextile, for example, the unit area mass may be about 280-320g/m 2, for example, 300g/m 2, three layers may be arranged at intervals up and down, for example, the interval may be 20-70cm,50cm, and the geotextile of the bottom layer is a certain distance from the top of the insoluble organic matter, so as to ensure good filtering effect, for example, the distance may be about 2 meters. The floating isolation layer (14) floats on the surface layer of the water surface in the fermentation tank body and is used for isolating or reducing oxygen transmission at the water-atmosphere interface of the fermentation tank. For example, the floating spacer (14) may be a layer of granular foam.
The fermentation tank spraying device (15) and the communication ports of the fermentation tank water outlet pipe (16) and the fermentation tank body are arranged above the filter layer (13); whereby the water flowing out through them is filtered through the filter layer (13). The fermentation vat may be arranged higher than the purification vat (20) as a whole, thereby facilitating the flow of water in the fermentation vat into the purification vat (20). That is, it is convenient for the water in the fermentation vat to flow to the plant growing section (22) through the outlets of both the fermentation vat spraying device (15) and the fermentation vat outlet pipe (16). The fermentation tank spraying device (15) can spray water in the fermentation tank into the purifying tank (20) in a spraying mode, so that the water is in mist contact with air to enrich oxygen, and a part of water is evaporated, so that the fermentation water body falling into the purifying tank is further concentrated.
In order to achieve a good and fast anaerobic digestion process, the water flowing from the fermenter inlet pipe 18 into the fermenter is preferably anaerobic water without insolubles after filtration.
The purifying tank (20) can comprise a purifying tank body (21), a plant growing area (22), an empty area (23) and an aeration area (24), an oxidation-reduction potential detector (25), a pH detector (26) and a purifying tank water inlet pipe (27); the plant growth area (22), the empty area (23) and the aeration area (24) are arranged in the purifying tank body, the three areas are separated by a separation layer (28), and communication holes (not shown) are formed in the separation layer, so that water bodies among the areas are communicated. For example, the plant growth area, the empty area and the aeration area can be separated by a brick wall, and a certain number of holes are uniformly distributed on the surface of the brick wall, so that water bodies in all areas in the purifying pond are communicated.
The bottom and periphery of the purifying tank body (21) can be further provided with a seepage-proof layer (not shown) for preventing seepage, and can be made of building waterproof materials such as natural clay, artificial polyethylene films, polymer cement and the like. Those skilled in the art will readily understand this and are not described in detail herein.
Referring to the drawings, the plant growing area (22) may include a substrate layer (222), a submerged plant (221) grown on the substrate layer (222), and a purification tank water outlet (223) provided in the substrate layer (222); the matrix layer (222) includes an upper mineral soil layer (2221), a lower sand gravel or construction demolition waste material layer (2222), and a spacer layer (2223) therebetween. The upper mineral soil layer (2221) may be, for example, 50-70cm thick for plant growth. The particle size of the lower sand gravel or construction demolition waste material layer (2222) may be, for example, 5cm to 30cm. The spacing layer plays a role of soil filtering and drainage between the two. For example, the spacer layer may be a staple geotextile and the mass per unit area may be about 380-430g/m 2, for example 400g/m 2. The purifying tank water outlet (223) is arranged in the sand gravel or building demolition garbage material layer (2222) with larger particle size, so that good water drainage effect can be realized.
The submerged plant is selected from Sargassum, chlorella, ranunculus japonicus, sargassum, and Sargassum. Can plant multiple plants simultaneously, realize better effect.
An oxidation-reduction potential detector (25) and a pH detector (26) are disposed in the plant growth zone (22) for detecting oxidation-reduction potential and pH in the body of water.
As shown, the empty space (23) is arranged between the plant growing area (22) and the aeration area (24), although other suitable arrangements are possible. The empty area (23) can be used for adding furfural slag and steel slag to adjust the pH value of the water body. The furfural residue is biomass waste generated by hydrolyzing pentose components in biomass substances such as corncobs, cornstalks, rice hulls, cotton seed hulls and agricultural and sideline product processing offcuts to produce furfural (furfural), is acidic, contains a large amount of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, can be used for regulating the pH value of a system, and provides proper nutrient substances for microorganisms. The furfural residue may have a suitable particle size, for example, 2mm-8mm. Steel slag is an industrial solid waste, alkaline, and may have a suitable particle size, for example, 5mm-20mm. In addition, the acidity and alkalinity of the water body of the engineering wetland system can be adjusted by the cooperation of the acidic furfural slag and the alkaline steel slag, so that the water body is kept near neutral, and the efficient organic matter removal is realized. If more furfural and steel slag are added, the waste water can be removed by using a dredger for example.
The sewage to be treated can be introduced into the empty zone (23) through the purification tank inlet pipe (27). For example, the purification tank inlet pipe (27) may be a spray inlet pipe, whereby the sewage to be treated may be enriched in oxygen in the form of a spray into the purification tank.
The aeration zone (24) is used for aerating the purification tank, for example, an air pump can be arranged, and air is led to the bottom of the aeration zone through a pipeline.
The system of the invention comprises a heating pipe (29) for heating a body of water in the purification tank, for example hot water can be supplied by a boiler system. As shown, the heating tube (29) extends through the decontamination basin (21) into the plant growing region (22), the vacant region (23), and the aeration region (24), and then diverges in a bifurcated arrangement. The heating pipe (29) is provided at the lower part of the purifying tank to provide a good heating effect. The heating tube is then extended back to the boiler system to form a heating circuit.
The process of performing organic removal using the above-described system of the present invention is described in further detail below.
1) The user can intercept insoluble organic matters (12) in the sewage through interception devices such as a trash rack and the like, loosely stack the insoluble organic matters at the bottom of a fermentation tank body (11), the thickness of the insoluble organic matters can be about 1m, a proper amount of gypsum powder is added, geotextiles are fixed at a certain distance (for example, 2 m) from the top of the insoluble organic matters, two geotextiles are arranged at intervals (for example, 50 cm) at a preset distance, and a certain amount of crushed foam is scattered on the uppermost geotextile;
2) Under the condition that a fermentation tank spray pipe valve and a fermentation tank water outlet pipe are closed, anaerobic water without insoluble substances flows into a fermentation tank (10) from the bottom of a fermentation tank body through a fermentation tank water inlet pipe (18), insoluble organic matters are continuously stirred under the impact of water flow, the insoluble organic matters are filtered under the action of three layers of geotextiles, the insoluble organic matters are kept between the bottom of the fermentation tank and the geotextiles, broken foam rises along with rising of the water surface and uniformly covers the surface of the water body, the effect of reducing oxygen transmission at a water-air interface is achieved, and the water in the fermentation tank is not overflowed from the fermentation tank; fermenting and decomposing insoluble organic matters under anaerobic conditions to generate various low molecular acids, alcohols and the like, wherein the dissolved organic carbon can be utilized by other microorganisms; in addition, the addition of the gypsum powder can inhibit the generation of methane so as to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases. The main two anaerobic processes in the fermentation tank are fermentation and methane generation, methane is a greenhouse gas, the greenhouse effect of methane is 25 times greater than that of carbon dioxide, the addition of gypsum powder is equivalent to the addition of SO42-, the yield of methane can be reduced, insoluble organic matters are fermented under anaerobic conditions, various low molecular acids, alcohols and the like are generated, and the dissolved organic carbon can be utilized by other microorganisms.
3) The fermentation tank water inlet pipe 18 and the fermentation tank spraying device 15 are opened, the flow flowing into the fermentation tank body (11) is basically equal to the flow flowing out of the fermentation tank spraying device 15, insoluble organic matters in the fermentation tank are continuously stirred under the impact of flowing-in water flow, various low molecular acids, alcohols and the like of fermentation products in the whole fermentation tank are fully stirred, the water body is distributed uniformly in the fermentation tank water body, the water body is sprayed out through a spray head of the fermentation tank spraying device, the water body is in mist contact with air to carry out oxygen enrichment, and part of water is evaporated, so that the fermentation water body falling into the purification tank is further concentrated;
4) When the water level in the purifying pond (20) rises to a certain depth, such as about 30cm, submerged plants are submerged, the fermenting pond water inlet pipe 18 and the fermenting pond spraying device 15 are closed; measuring oxidation-reduction potential of the fermentation water subjected to oxygen enrichment by spraying through an oxidation-reduction potentiometer, so that the oxidation-reduction potential is maintained at 400-600 mV, if the oxidation-reduction potential is less than 400mV, opening an air pump switch, leading an air pipe to the bottom of an aeration zone, if the oxidation-reduction potential is greater than 600mV, closing an air pump to stop aeration, opening a fermentation tank water inlet pipe 18 and a fermentation tank water outlet pipe 16, leading anaerobic water in the fermentation tank to a purification tank, and if the water level in the purification tank is too high, opening a water outlet (223) of the purification tank, and collecting discharged water and discharging the water into the fermentation tank through the fermentation tank water inlet pipe 18; oxidation of organic matter (giving out electrons), when terminal electron acceptors such as O2, NO 3 2-、Mn4+、Fe3+、SO4 2- are available, the organic matter is oxidized and decomposed, when oxygen exists, the organic matter decomposition rate is the fastest, and when redox potential is 400-600 mV, the oxygen itself is the terminal electron acceptor;
5) Under the premise of ensuring that the oxidation-reduction potential is maintained at 400-600 mV, adding acidic furfural slag or alkaline steel slag into the empty region 23 to ensure that the pH value of the water body is maintained near neutrality so as to be beneficial to the growth and metabolism of microorganisms and plants, for example, the pH value can be measured in real time by a pH detector 26; meanwhile, hot water is supplied to a heat supply pipe (a heat supply branch pipe) through a boiler room, so that the temperature of the water body is maintained at 20-30 ℃, and the growth and metabolism of microorganisms and plants are facilitated; in this process, the plant growth area may form the periphery of the oxide root. The week of the oxidized root is formed by the aquatic plants transporting oxygen from the above-ground stems and leaves to the underground roots, and oxygen exceeding the need for root metabolism diffuses from the roots into the surrounding matrix and wastewater, increasing dissolved oxygen in the wastewater. Microorganisms are propagated on plant root systems and the surfaces of matrixes in a large quantity under a proper condition to form a biological film, and organic matters dissolved in the wastewater are adsorbed, absorbed and biologically metabolized, so that the wastewater is purified.
6) When the concentration of organic matters in the wastewater meets the discharge standard, opening a water outlet 223 of the purifying tank to discharge the water in the purifying tank more quickly; for example, BOD or COD concentration in the water can be detected.
7) After the water in the purifying tank after the organic matters are removed is discharged, a water outlet of the purifying tank is closed, a spray water inlet pipe 27 of the purifying tank is opened, a large amount of waste water needing to remove the organic matters enters the purifying tank through the spray water inlet pipe of the purifying tank in a spray mode, oxygen enrichment is carried out, when the water level in the purifying tank rises to a certain depth for submerging submerged plants, for example, about 30cm, a valve of the spray water inlet pipe 27 of the purifying tank is closed, the oxidation-reduction potential of the fermentation water in the purifying tank after oxygen enrichment is sprayed is measured through an oxidation-reduction potentiometer, the oxidation-reduction potential is maintained at 400-600 mV, if the oxidation-reduction potential is less than 400mV, an air pump switch is opened, an air pipe is opened to the bottom of an aeration zone 24, if the oxidation-reduction potential is more than 600mV, the air pump is closed to stop aeration, and the fermentation tank water inlet pipe 18 and the fermentation tank water outlet pipe 16 are opened to enable anaerobic water in the fermenting tank to be opened to the purifying tank. If the water level in the purifying tank is too high, the water outlet 223 of the purifying tank can be opened, and the discharged water can be collected and discharged into the fermenting tank through the water inlet pipe 18 of the fermenting tank; under the premise of ensuring that the oxidation-reduction potential is maintained at 400-600 mV, adding acidic furfural slag or alkaline steel slag into the empty region 23, and measuring by a pH meter to ensure that the pH value of the water body is maintained near neutrality so as to be beneficial to the growth and metabolism of microorganisms and plants; the organic carbon dissolved in the organic carbon can be utilized by other microorganisms, and fermentation products with higher concentration propagate more microorganisms on the surfaces of plant roots and matrixes compared with fermentation products with lower concentration, so that a large amount of wastewater which is discharged into the purifying tank through the spraying water inlet pipe of the purifying tank and needs to remove organic matters is subjected to lower concentration of organic matters, and the organic matters are rapidly removed from the wastewater due to the fact that the number of the microorganisms in the purifying tank is large. When the concentration of organic matters in the wastewater meets the discharge standard, the water outlet 223 of the purifying tank is opened, the water in the purifying tank is discharged more quickly, the spray water inlet pipe 27 of the purifying tank is opened, and the steps are circulated.
9) When the efficiency of removing organic matter of the purification tank is lowered or the substrate of the purification tank needs to be replaced, a higher concentration of microorganisms can be cultured using the substances produced in the fermentation tank 10 through the above-described steps.
It should be understood that the submerged plants in the plant growth area 22 may be planted directly into the adult plant or may be cultivated using seedlings.
Examples
The invention is further illustratively described using an engineered wetland system constructed in a city in the south.
Engineering profile:
The whole fermentation tank is about 10m wide and about 15m long; the whole purifying pond is about 100m wide and about 150m long, wherein the plant growing area occupies about 90% of the total area, and the empty area and the aeration area occupy about 10% of the total area; planting three submerged plants of the foxtail algae, the small-root algae and the ranunculus japonicus in the plant growing area;
The matrix comprises an upper layer of 60cm thick mineral soil layer, a lower layer of 90cm thick building demolishing garbage layer (brick blocks, concrete blocks and the like) has the particle size range of 5 cm-30 cm, and a layer of 400g/m 2 short-fiber geotextile is paved between the upper layer and the lower layer of matrix to play a role in soil filtering and drainage;
The fermentation Chi Tugong is 300g/m 2 long-fiber geotextile, three layers are arranged separately, the distance between the layers is 50cm, and the distance between the bottom geotextile and the top of the insoluble organic matters is 2m when a valve of a water inlet pipe of the fermentation tank is closed;
specific operation (time is winter):
Adding insoluble organic matters obtained by primary filtration of sewage to be treated into a fermentation tank body, and then injecting anaerobic sewage through a water inlet for anaerobic fermentation for 4 days; then, water in the fermentation tank is injected into the purifying tank by opening a fermentation tank spraying device, so that submerged plants are submerged by about 30cm;
The heat supply pipe is used for supplying heat, so that the temperature of the water body of the purifying tank is maintained at 20 ℃, and the oxidation-reduction potential of the water in the purifying tank is regulated by using the aeration and the anaerobic water of the fermenting tank, so that the oxidation-reduction potential of the water in the purifying tank is controlled at about 480mV; then adding furfural slag and steel slag to enable the pH value of the water body to be about 7.0; culturing and purifying the microorganism under the condition (5 days), detecting COD concentration to be 110mg/L, and draining;
The wastewater to be treated (at a concentration of about 900 mg/L) was then sprayed into the purification tank by the purification tank inlet pipe, and the water level was raised to flood the plants by about 30cm. The heat supply pipe is used for supplying heat, so that the temperature of the water body of the purifying tank is maintained at 20 ℃, and the oxidation-reduction potential of the water in the purifying tank is regulated by using the aeration and the anaerobic water of the fermenting tank, so that the oxidation-reduction potential of the water in the purifying tank is controlled at about 480mV; then adding furfural slag and steel slag to enable the pH value of the water body to be about 7.0; the water was kept for 5 days under this condition, and the COD concentration was measured to be 105mg/L, followed by draining.
With the above-described preferred embodiments according to the present invention as an illustration, the above-described descriptions can be used by persons skilled in the relevant art to make various changes and modifications without departing from the scope of the technical idea of the present invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the description, but must be determined according to the scope of claims.
Claims (11)
1. A method for efficiently removing organic matters from sewage by utilizing an engineering wetland system in a low-temperature environment is characterized in that the engineering wetland system comprises a fermentation tank (10) and a purifying tank (20),
The fermentation tank (10) comprises a fermentation tank body (11), insoluble organic matters (12), a filter layer (13), a floating isolation layer (14), a fermentation tank spraying device (15), a fermentation tank water outlet pipe (16) and a water inlet (17) formed in the bottom of the fermentation tank body (11), wherein the insoluble organic matters (12) are deposited at the bottom of the fermentation tank body, and the filter layer is arranged in the middle of the fermentation tank body and is a certain distance away from the top of the insoluble organic matters (12); the floating isolation layer (14) floats on the surface layer of the water surface in the fermentation tank body; the fermentation tank spraying device (15) and the communication ports of the fermentation tank water outlet pipe (16) and the fermentation tank body are arranged above the filter layer (13);
The purifying tank (20) comprises a purifying tank body (21), a plant growing area (22), an empty area (23) and an aeration area (24), an oxidation-reduction potential detector (25), a pH detector (26), a purifying tank water inlet pipe (27) and a heating pipe (29);
The plant growth area (22), the empty area (23) and the aeration area (24) are arranged in the purifying tank body, the three areas are separated by a separation layer (28), and communication holes are formed in the separation layer, so that water bodies among the areas are communicated; the plant growing area (22) comprises a substrate layer (222), submerged plants (221) growing on the substrate layer (222) and a purifying tank water outlet (223) arranged in the substrate layer (222); the matrix layer (222) comprises an upper mineral soil layer (2221), a lower sand gravel or building demolition waste material layer (2222), and a spacer layer (2223) therebetween; an oxidation-reduction potential detector (25) and a pH detector (26) are provided in the plant growth area (22); the heating pipe (29) is arranged in the lower part of the purifying tank and is used for heating the water body in the purifying tank;
the outlets of the fermentation tank spraying device (15) and the fermentation tank water outlet pipe (16) are communicated with the plant growing area (22);
The method comprises the following steps:
1) Adding insoluble organic matters obtained by primary filtering of sewage into a fermentation tank body (11), injecting anaerobic sewage through a water inlet (17) to enable a floating isolation layer (14) to float on the surface layer of the water surface in the fermentation tank body, and then closing the water inlet (17) for anaerobic fermentation;
2) Opening the water inlet (17) again to inject anaerobic sewage, and simultaneously opening the fermentation tank spraying device (15) so that the flow rate flowing into the fermentation tank is basically equal to the flow rate flowing out of the fermentation tank spraying device (15) to the purifying tank (20); when the water level in the purifying tank (20) rises to a certain height for submerging the plants, the water inlet (17) and the fermenting tank spraying device (15) are closed;
3) Measuring the oxidation-reduction potential of the water body in the purifying tank by using an oxidation-reduction potential detector (25), if the oxidation-reduction potential is less than 400mV, aerating the water body by using an aeration zone (24), and if the oxidation-reduction potential is greater than 600mV, leading anaerobic water in the fermenting tank to the purifying tank by using a fermenting tank water outlet pipe (16), so that the oxidation-reduction potential is maintained at 400-600 mV;
4) The pH value of the water body of the purifying pond is measured by a pH detector (26), under the premise of ensuring that the oxidation-reduction potential is maintained at 400-600 mV, acidic furfural slag or alkaline steel slag is added into an empty area, so that the pH value of the water body is maintained near neutral, and meanwhile, a heating pipe (29) is used for heating, so that the temperature of the water body is maintained at 20-30 ℃; thereby being beneficial to the growth and metabolism of microorganisms and plants and promoting the purification of organic matters;
5) Detecting the concentration of organic matters in the wastewater, and opening a water outlet (223) of the purifying tank to drain when the concentration meets the discharge standard;
6) Spraying sewage to be treated into a purifying tank (20) by using a purifying tank water inlet pipe (27), and closing the purifying tank water inlet pipe (27) when the water level in the purifying tank (20) rises to a certain height for submerging the plants;
7) Repeating steps 3) -6).
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the floating isolation layer (14) is a layer of granular foam.
3. A method according to claim 1, wherein the filter layer (13) is a three-layered, spaced-apart, long-fiber geotextile layer.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the submerged plant is selected from the group consisting of sargassum, chlorella, ranunculus, malaytea, spirulina, and black algae.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the spacer layer (2223) is a staple fiber geotextile layer.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the purification tank inlet pipe (27) is a spray inlet pipe.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein furfural residue and steel residue for adjusting the pH value of the water body are added in the empty zone (23).
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the organic matter concentration is BOD or COD.
9. The method according to claim 1, further comprising, when the water level in the purification tank in step 3) is too high, opening a purification tank water outlet (223) to drain water, and injecting the drained water into the fermentation tank body through the water inlet (17).
10. The method according to claim 1, further comprising adding an amount of gypsum powder to the fermentation vat (11) prior to step 1).
11. The method of claim 1, further comprising repeating steps 1) -5 with the fermentation vat (10) while the efficiency of the vat (20) for removing organic matter is reduced or the vat matrix (222) is replaced.
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