CN111000275A

CN111000275A - Tobacco leaf drying system

Info

Publication number: CN111000275A
Application number: CN201911372215.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 安著铭; 李建华
Original assignee: Xuchang Co Of Henan Tobacco Co; Xuchang Zhigong Machinery Manufacturing Co ltd
Current assignee: Xuchang Co Of Henan Tobacco Co; Xuchang Zhigong Machinery Manufacturing Co ltd
Priority date: 2019-12-27
Filing date: 2019-12-27
Publication date: 2020-04-14
Anticipated expiration: 2039-12-27
Also published as: CN111000275B

Abstract

The invention discloses a tobacco leaf drying system which is characterized by comprising an integrated dryer and a drying room, wherein the dryer comprises a shell and a heat pump system arranged in the shell, the drying room comprises a room body and a gate arranged on one side of the room body, an air supply outlet communicated with an air supply duct is arranged on the side wall opposite to the gate and close to the top, a return air inlet communicated with the return air duct is arranged below the air supply outlet and close to the bottom of the side wall, and a wind power flow guide baffle is arranged in the room body and corresponds to the air supply outlet. The invention can effectively ensure the drying effect and improve the working efficiency, and has the advantages of low energy consumption, energy saving and environmental protection.

Description

Tobacco leaf drying system

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of tobacco leaf drying, in particular to a tobacco leaf drying system.

Background

In the tobacco leaf processing process, a heat pump dryer is generally adopted to dry the tobacco leaves, the heat pump dryer is a heat lifting device, a high-temperature heat pump dryer unit utilizes the inverse Carnot principle to absorb heat from the surrounding environment and transfer the heat to a heated object, and the heat pump dryer unit is mainly applied to the drying and dehydrating processes of food, medicinal materials, wood, agricultural and sideline products, industrial products and the like. The heat pump dryer can realize low-temperature air closed circulation drying, has good material drying quality, can meet the high-quality drying requirement of most thermosensitive materials, and can avoid impurity pollution possibly brought to the materials by exchange with external gas due to closed circulation of a drying medium, which is particularly important for food, medicines or biological products. The early heat pump dryer is mostly split type, and is divided into an external machine and an internal machine, so that the installation and the use are inconvenient; the integrated heat pump dryer is small in size and low in energy consumption, and is adopted in many material drying fields at present.

The existing tobacco leaf drying equipment has the following defects: 1. in the process of drying the tobacco leaves by using the heat pump dryer, the temperature of hot air contacted with the tobacco leaves close to an air supply outlet of the drying room is higher, so that the problems of local overlarge heating and tobacco leaf scorching are easily caused; 2. in the tobacco leaf drying process, a heat pump system of a dryer needs to work intermittently, the heat pump system needs to be closed after being started for a period of time, the heat pump system needs to be opened again after being started for a period of time, the heat pump system needs to be started and closed for a plurality of times in the working process, and the problems of low temperature rising speed, low working efficiency, energy waste and the like exist because preheating and temperature rising need to be waited after each time of starting; 3. there is a large amount of moisture loss among the tobacco leaf stoving process, and the integral type drying-machine generally carries out the circulation heating to the air in the stoving room, and when the stoving tobacco leaf, moisture content can be more and more in the circulation heating's the air, and the air humidity increase in the stoving room can influence the stoving effect, reduces drying efficiency.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a tobacco leaf drying system which can effectively guide hot air in a drying room and avoid local overheating; the temperature can be rapidly increased after the dryer is started, the starting time is shortened, and the problems of repeated startup and shutdown and large energy consumption in the tobacco leaf drying process are solved; and the circulating air in the drying process can be subjected to dehumidification and heat recovery, so that the drying effect is ensured.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

designing a tobacco leaf drying system, which comprises an integrated dryer and a drying room; the dryer comprises a shell and a heat pump system arranged in the shell, wherein a transverse partition plate is arranged in the shell to divide the inner space of the shell into a lower inner circulation area and an upper outer circulation area; a return air duct communicated with the drying room is arranged at the lower part of the side wall at one side of the inner circulation area, an air supply duct communicated with the drying room is also arranged at one side of the upper part of the side wall, and a circulating fan is arranged in the air supply duct; the heat pump system comprises a compressor, a condenser, a differential pressure regulating valve, an evaporator, a drying filter, a liquid storage device and a gas-liquid separator which are sequentially communicated through a refrigerant pipeline, wherein an outlet of the gas-liquid separator is correspondingly connected with a gas return port of the compressor to form a circulation loop;

the evaporator is arranged in the external circulation area, an air outlet is formed in the top of the shell of the external circulation area, and an air exhaust fan is mounted at the air outlet; other equipment of the heat pump system is arranged in the internal circulation area, and the condenser is arranged at a position adjacent to the side wall where the return air duct is located;

a moisture exhaust port is formed in the partition plate below the evaporator, and a self-opening and self-closing cover plate is mounted at the moisture exhaust port; an air supplementing opening is formed in the upper portion of the side wall of one side of the inner circulation area, and an openable air supplementing window is arranged at the air supplementing opening;

the drying room comprises a room body and a gate arranged on one side of the room body, an air supply outlet communicated with the air supply duct is arranged on the side wall opposite to the gate and close to the top, and a return air inlet communicated with the return air duct is arranged below the air supply outlet and close to the bottom of the side wall; a bracket for hanging tobacco leaves is arranged in the house body;

the wind power diversion baffle is arranged in the room body at a position corresponding to the air supply outlet and comprises a rectangular bottom plate horizontally arranged and a diversion plate vertically arranged on the bottom plate, wherein the diversion plate comprises a diversion plate with a V-shaped section and arranged on two sides of the central line of the bottom plate, a transverse transition plate connected with the diversion plates on the two sides and an oblique extension plate respectively connected with the transition plates on the two sides; the transition plate is parallel to the side edge of the bottom plate, and the end surface of the extension plate is flush with the rear side edge of the bottom plate; the two ends of the bottom plate are fixed on the side walls of the two opposite sides of the house body, and the joint of the two flow distribution plates is arranged towards the air supply outlet.

In the above technical scheme, the heat pump drying-machine of this integral type sets up the one side in tobacco leaf stoving room, the return air wind channel of drying-machine lower part is linked together with the lower part return air inlet in stoving room, the air supply wind channel on upper portion is linked together with the upper portion supply-air outlet in stoving room, the stoving in-process, under circulating fan's drive, the air in the stoving room gets into in the drying-machine casing through the return air wind channel, the condenser in the casing carries out the heat transfer, realize the heating of air, the air after the heating gets back to in the stoving room through the air supply wind channel, the air in the stoving room realizes that upper portion is sent into, the lower part is taken out, so circulation, realize.

The wind power flow guide baffle is correspondingly arranged at an air supply outlet of the tobacco leaf drying room, when hot air flowing from the air supply outlet to the drying room passes through the wind power flow guide baffle, the hot air is firstly divided to two sides by the flow dividing plate arranged in a V shape, then the air on the two sides flows to the front of the two sides along a route formed by the transition plate and the extension plate, so that the hot air coming out of the air supply outlet is prevented from directly flowing to the lower oblique direction, the tobacco leaf nearest to the air supply outlet is directly contacted with high-temperature air, and the tobacco leaf is heated too high and scorched; through the water conservancy diversion of wind-force water conservancy diversion baffle, prolonged the time of hot-air at the parallel flow in stoving roof portion, in the air contact, the mixture in flow in-process hot-air and the stoving room for the hot-air temperature after the water conservancy diversion reduces, and when forward, downward flow again, can not cause the too high condition of local temperature again and take place, makes the interior tobacco leaf of stoving room can thermally equivalent, guarantees the stoving effect.

The pressure difference regulating valve is used for enabling a refrigerant between the condenser and the evaporator to generate pressure difference, ensuring that a refrigerant on the high-pressure side is continuously kept in a high-pressure state and is quickly liquefied to release heat, enabling the condenser to be quickly heated, achieving the quick heating effect and shortening the preheating time of the dryer after starting; the self-opening and closing cover plate is used for facilitating moisture removal and ensuring the drying effect; the air supplement window is provided to supplement the amount of internal air reduced by the moisture removal.

Preferably, the differential pressure regulating valve comprises a valve pipe, a mandril, a limiting spring, a regulating nut and a packaging pipe, wherein the lower ends of the valve pipe and the packaging pipe are liquid inlets, and the upper ends of the valve pipe and the packaging pipe are liquid outlets;

an annular boss is arranged on the inner wall of the valve pipe, the upper part of the limiting spring penetrates into the valve pipe through the liquid inlet, and the upper end of the limiting spring is propped against the annular boss; the upper end of the ejector rod is provided with a conical end, the inner wall of the top of the valve pipe is provided with a conical surface matched with the conical end, the lower end of the ejector rod penetrates through the valve pipe and the limiting spring and extends to the outside of the valve pipe, the conical end is attached to the conical surface, and a gap for liquid inlet is reserved between the outer wall of the ejector rod and the inner wall of the valve pipe; the surface of the ejector rod is provided with external threads, the adjusting nut is rotatably sleeved on the ejector rod, and the lower end of the limiting spring abuts against the adjusting nut;

the packaging pipe is sleeved outside the valve pipe, the inner wall of the packaging pipe and the outer wall of the valve pipe are fixedly covered, the outer diameter of the adjusting nut is smaller than the inner diameter of the packaging pipe, one liquid inlet end of the packaging pipe is connected with the tail end outlet of the condenser, and one liquid outlet end of the packaging pipe is connected with the front end inlet of the evaporator.

The refrigerant discharged from the condenser generates pressure difference when passing through the regulating valve by arranging the pressure difference regulating valve, and the refrigerant on the high-pressure side keeps a high-pressure state and is quickly liquefied and released, so that the condenser is quickly heated; meanwhile, the pressure in the evaporator is reduced, so that the evaporation of the refrigerant is facilitated, and the pressure reduction and throttling effects are achieved. The ejector rod is arranged in the valve pipe, and the upper conical end is attached to the conical surface of the inner wall of the valve pipe to close the valve pipe; the condensing agent that the condenser sent out gets into from the lower extreme inlet of valve pipe, because will push up the toper end and flow out from the liquid outlet, just need drive spacing spring compression deformation, consequently the refrigerant need reach certain pressure when reaching the liquid outlet department of valve pipe and just can promote the toper end and open, this just makes the refrigerant produce pressure differential in both sides around the governing valve, and the refrigerant of high pressure one side continues to keep high pressure state and liquefies rapidly and releases heat, can make the condenser heat up fast, reduces preheating time, improves work efficiency. The liquid outlet of the regulating valve can reach the required pressure difference by adjusting the thread pitch, the wire diameter and the compression amount of the limiting spring so as to adapt to the pressure difference requirements of different systems.

Preferably, the inner diameter of the annular boss is larger than the diameter of the rod body of the ejector rod; the upper part and the lower part of the outer wall of the valve pipe are respectively provided with a group of reinforced fixing parts, and each reinforced fixing part comprises two adjacent annular flanges and an annular groove formed between the two annular flanges; the shape of the tube body of the packaging tube positioned outside the valve tube is matched with the shape of the outer wall of the valve tube. The reinforcing fixing part is convenient for reinforcing the fixation between the valve tube and the packaging tube, so that the valve tube and the packaging tube are firmer, and the valve tube is prevented from being loosened in the packaging tube.

Preferably, the self-opening and self-closing cover plate comprises a rectangular frame, support rods are distributed along the long edges of the frame at equal intervals, the support rods penetrate through the long edges of the two corresponding sides, cover plate sheets are rotatably sleeved on the support rods, one side edge of each cover plate sheet is rotatably sleeved on the corresponding support rod, the other side edge of each cover plate sheet is movably overlapped on the support rod adjacent to the corresponding support rod, and the cover plate sheet at the edge of the cover plate sheet is movably overlapped on the short edge of the adjacent frame; a downward bending part is arranged on one side of the cover plate sheet which is movably placed;

an -shaped limiting strip is arranged between two short edges of the frame, the lower parts of two ends of the limiting strip are fixed on the two short edges of the frame, and the height of the limiting strip is smaller than the width of the cover plate piece.

This automatic apron that opens and shuts sets up hydrofuge mouth department on the baffle, when the exhaust fan during operation at casing top, drives the wet hot-air upflow in lower part, backs down the apron piece, gets into the extrinsic cycle district on baffle upper portion, carries out the heat transfer with the evaporimeter, then discharges the casing outside through the air exit. The cover plate sheet can be made of light aluminum alloy, so that air flow can flow upwards through the cover plate sheet more easily. When the exhaust fan stops working, the damp and hot air at the lower part stops flowing upwards, and the cover plate falls and closes under the action of self gravity. Set up spacing, can prevent that the apron piece from falling by oneself because the too big upset of strength of air current is excessive, perhaps overturns 180 degrees and falls to the opposite side, causes the apron can't close.

Preferably, the evaporators are divided into two groups, each group of evaporators comprises two duct pieces arranged in a V shape, and the top of the shell corresponding to the V-shaped opening of each group of evaporators is provided with an air outlet and an air exhaust fan; the first group of evaporators are located right above the condenser, the second group of evaporators are arranged beside the first group of evaporators in parallel, the two moisture discharge ports are arranged on the partition plate below the two pipe pieces of the second group of evaporators respectively, and the self-opening and self-closing cover plate is arranged at each moisture discharge port.

The duct piece that is the V type setting can increase the area of contact of evaporimeter and air, still is favorable to the comdenstion water to flow downwards along the duct piece simultaneously, is favorable to the collection of comdenstion water. The dehumidification mouth sets up on keeping away from the baffle of condenser one side, can avoid the air to run off from the dehumidification mouth among the inner loop process, and only when the fan of airing exhaust opens the back, the damp and hot air in inner loop district just can be through the dehumidification mouth upflow, realizes the dehumidification.

Preferably, the air supplementing window comprises a rectangular window frame, openable and closable blades are equidistantly distributed between two opposite sides of the window frame, rotating rods rotatably connected to two sides of the corresponding window frame are arranged at two ends of each blade, a control strip is arranged on the inner side of the window frame corresponding to one end of each blade, and a connecting column connected with the control strip through a rotating shaft is arranged on the upper side surface of each blade;

the outer portion of one side of the window frame where the control strip is located is provided with a screw rod parallel to the control strip and a driving motor correspondingly connected with the bottom end of the screw rod, a screw rod nut sleeved on the screw rod is rotated, the screw rod nut is connected with the control strip through a control rod, the control rod is parallel to the blades and is perpendicular to the control strip and the screw rod, a guide groove is formed in the corresponding position of the window frame, the control rod penetrates through the guide groove and moves in the guide groove under the control of the driving motor, and the control rod is used for controlling the blades to open and close.

Circulating air lost in the dehumidification process is supplemented through the air supplementing opening, and external air enters the inner circulation area through the air supplementing window and is mixed with air in the inner circulation area, so that supplement of the inner circulating air is realized. In the structure of the air supplementing window, the screw rod rotates to drive the screw rod nut and the control rod to move up and down, so that the connecting column drives the blades to be opened and closed, the opening and closing control of the air supplementing window is realized, and the opening degree of the blades can be adjusted through the moving distance of the screw rod nut, so that the air supplementing quantity is adjusted.

Preferably, a heat exchanger is arranged at a position between the air supply port and the moisture exhaust port in the inner circulation area, the heat exchanger is formed by alternately attaching vertical ventilation duct pieces and transverse ventilation duct pieces together, an air outlet at the upper part of each vertical ventilation duct piece is positioned under the moisture exhaust port, and an air inlet of each transverse ventilation duct piece faces towards the air supply port.

When the air humidity in the drying room reaches a certain degree, an exhaust fan at the top of the shell is started to drive a part of damp and hot air in the shell to flow upwards through the heat exchanger and the moisture exhaust port, and when the damp and hot air passes through the heat exchanger, the damp and hot air flows upwards through the vertical ventilation duct pieces; when the air is needed to be supplemented, the external air enters the shell through the air supplementing window and flows into the shell through the transverse ventilation pipe piece, the heat exchange is realized in the process, the external air absorbs the heat of the damp and hot air flowing in the heat exchanger, and the external air is preheated. The damp and hot air after heat exchange enters the internal circulation area at the upper part through the moisture exhaust port, exchanges heat with the evaporator and then is exhausted out of the shell through the air exhaust port. When the damp and hot air exchanges heat with the evaporator, the heat in the damp and hot air is further absorbed by the evaporator, so that the full recycling of waste heat is realized, and the energy consumption is saved.

Preferably, the vertical ventilation duct pieces of the heat exchanger are sequentially adjacent and connected in parallel, and the transverse ventilation duct pieces are arranged between two rows of vertical ventilation duct pieces at intervals. The vertical ventilation duct pieces are adjacently arranged in parallel, so that the lower hot and humid air directly flows upwards through the vertical ventilation duct pieces and flows to the upper external circulation area from the moisture exhaust port; the transverse ventilation duct pieces are arranged at intervals, a ventilation gap is formed between the adjacent transverse ventilation duct pieces, and outside air can enter the shell body circulation area through the transverse ventilation duct pieces and the ventilation gap, so that the number of the transverse ventilation duct pieces can be reduced, and outside air circulation is facilitated.

The air supplementing opening can be arranged on the side wall where the air return opening is located and is positioned above the air return opening, so that damp and hot air entering the inner circulation area from the air return opening can flow upwards conveniently; the air inlet can also be arranged on the other side wall adjacent to the side wall where the air return inlet is arranged, so that the outside air flows towards the direction where the condenser is arranged after entering the inner circulation area through the transverse ventilation duct piece, and the outside air is conveniently heated by the condenser and enters the air supply duct.

Preferably, a water chute and a drain pipe connected with the water chute are further arranged on the partition plate below the evaporator, and the drain pipe extends to the outside of the shell. When the damp and hot air enters the external circulation area to exchange heat with the evaporator, the moisture contained in the air is condensed when meeting cold, and the formed condensed water is collected through the water chute and then is discharged through the drain pipe.

Preferably, the distance between the top of the guide plate and the top plate of the house body is 5-15 cm; the guide plate can leave certain clearance with drying between the roof board, makes partly air go out from this clearance, and then makes hot-air realize diversified flow in drying the room, makes hot-air and the air in the room of drying contact, mixes more fast.

Preferably, the included angle between the two splitter plates is 30-60 degrees; the included angle between the extension plate and the transition plate is 120-150 degrees; the position of the bottom plate is 5-10cm lower than the position of the bottom edge of the air supply outlet; the distance between the joint of the two splitter plates and the front side edge of the bottom plate is more than or equal to 1/5 of the width of the bottom plate; the horizontal distance from the front side edge of the bottom plate to the air supply opening is 5-10 cm.

The drying room comprises a drying room body, a door and a door frame, wherein the door of the drying room body is split, and an observation window made of transparent materials is arranged on one door; a small door for people to enter and exit the tobacco leaf drying room is arranged on the other door. The observation window is used for viewing the tobacco leaf drying condition in the drying room from the outside; when workers need to enter the drying room to check, a large door does not need to be opened, and the workers can enter and exit from a small door arranged on one door, so that heat loss can be reduced.

Preferably, the first and second liquid crystal materials are,

the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the wind power flow guide baffle is arranged at the position corresponding to the air supply outlet of the drying room, so that the hot air entering the drying room from the air supply outlet can be guided and distributed, the forward flowing time of the hot air at the top of the drying room is prolonged, the hot air is distributed in multiple directions, the contact and the mixing of the hot air and the air in the drying room are accelerated, the temperature of the air in the drying room is uniformly increased, and the local overhigh temperature is avoided; the problem of hot-air direct downward flow to the below that inclines after coming out from the supply-air outlet in the stoving room, cause the tobacco leaf nearest to the supply-air outlet to be heated too big, local high temperature, tobacco leaf scorch easily is solved, make the tobacco leaf thermally equivalent in the stoving room, guarantee the effect of tobacco leaf stoving, improve the homogeneity of tobacco leaf stoving.

2. The rapid temperature rise of the condenser can be realized through the pressure difference regulating valve, the starting time of the dryer is shortened, the method is particularly suitable for the condition that the machine needs to be frequently started and shut down in the tobacco leaf drying process, the starting time can be effectively saved, the working efficiency is improved, and the method is more energy-saving and environment-friendly;

3. the inside baffle that passes through of drying-machine separates for lower part inner loop district and upper portion extrinsic cycle district, at the material stoving in-process, the air in the stoving room gets into the inner loop district through the return air wind channel, get back to in the stoving room by rethread air supply wind channel after the condenser heating, when the air humidity in the stoving room is great, open the fan of airing exhaust at casing top, make partly damp and hot air in inner loop district flow the extrinsic cycle district through the hydrofuge mouth, carry out the heat exchange with the evaporimeter, realize preheating recycle, the rethread air exit is discharged to the casing outside. Through setting up from the apron that opens and shuts, the apron piece only is after the fan of airing exhaust starts, just can upwards open (the air is driven ascending suction, the wet hot air of inner loop district pressure that upwards flows by the exhaust fan in the extrinsic cycle district) under the effect of air current for the wet hot air in the inner loop district is discharged through the hydrofuge mouth, plays the effect that reduces air humidity in the stoving room, guarantees stoving effect and drying efficiency.

4. In the process of dehumidifying, circulating air in the drying room is reduced, so that air needs to be supplemented, after the air supplementing window is opened, outside air enters the shell through the air supplementing opening, firstly exchanges heat with damp and hot air flowing upwards through the heat exchanger to enable the outside air to be preheated, then is heated by the condenser together with the air in the inner circulation area, and then enters the drying room through the air supply duct. Through setting up the air supply window, under the drive of driving motor and lead screw, control the opening of the last blade of air supply window, close and adjust the aperture to control the time of mending the wind and mend the amount of wind.

5. Through set up the heat exchanger between moisturizing window and hydrofuge mouth, make the hot humid air that will discharge carry out the heat transfer through heat exchanger and outside air earlier before the hydrofuge mouth, reentrant extrinsic cycle district and evaporimeter carry out the heat transfer, then discharge through the air exit, this process makes the air heat of hydrofuge in-process by abundant recycle. Besides, the heat pump unit except the evaporator in the heat pump system is arranged in the internal circulation area, so that heat generated by the heat pump unit in working can be absorbed by air in the internal circulation area, and the heat pump system is more energy-saving and environment-friendly.

6. In the tobacco leaf drying system, the dryer has the functions of integration, quick heating, moisture removal, heat recovery and the like, and is completely adapted to the process requirements in the tobacco leaf drying process; the drying room can be uniformly heated, so that the local temperature is prevented from being too high, and the tobacco leaves are uniformly dried; the invention can effectively ensure the drying effect and improve the working efficiency, and has the advantages of low energy consumption, energy saving and environmental protection.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a tobacco leaf drying system according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the flow direction of hot air in the drying room;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a wind deflector;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the dryer;

fig. 5 is a schematic structural view (closed state) of the self-opening cover plate;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view (open state) of the self-opening/closing cover plate;

fig. 7 is a rear side view of the dryer;

FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of the air compensating window;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a side of the dryer with a heat exchanger;

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a heat exchanger;

FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the direction of ventilation of the heat exchanger;

FIG. 12 is a schematic structural view of a differential pressure regulating valve;

FIG. 13 is an exploded view of the differential pressure regulating valve;

FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of the valve tube;

fig. 15 is a schematic view of the manner in which the refrigerant enters and exits the differential pressure regulating valve.

Reference numbers in the figures: 1, a shell, 2 a return air duct, 3 an air supply duct, 4 a circulating fan and 5 an air outlet;

6 frames, 7 cover plate sheets, 8 support rods, 9 limiting strips and 10 bending parts; 11, a partition plate and 12 self-opening and self-closing cover plates;

13 dry filter, 14 compressor, 15 condenser, 16 liquid storage device, 17 evaporator and 18 gas-liquid separator;

19 air supplement windows, 20 window frames, 21 blades, 22 rotating rods, 23 control strips and 24 connecting columns;

25 heat exchangers, 26 vertical draft tubes, 27 transverse draft tubes;

28 lead screws, 29 driving motors, 30 lead screw nuts and 31 control rods;

32 drying rooms, 33 air supply outlets, 34 air return inlets, 35 supports, 36 bottom plates, 37 guide plates, 38 splitter plates, 39 transition plates and 40 extension plates;

41 valve tube, 42 mandril, 43 limit spring, 44 adjusting nut, 45 annular boss, 46 conical end, 47 conical surface, 48 packaging tube, 49 annular flange and 50 annular groove.

Detailed Description

The following examples are given to illustrate specific embodiments of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention in any way. The elements of the apparatus referred to in the following examples are conventional elements of the apparatus unless otherwise specified.

Example 1: a tobacco leaf drying system, see fig. 1, comprises an integrated dryer and drying room 32; the dryer comprises a shell 1 and a heat pump system arranged in the shell 1, wherein a transverse partition plate 11 is arranged in the shell 1 to divide the inner space of the shell 1 into a lower inner circulation area and an upper outer circulation area; a return air duct 2 communicated with the drying room is arranged at the lower part of the side wall at one side of the internal circulation area, an air supply duct 3 communicated with the drying room is also arranged at one side of the upper part of the side wall, and a circulating fan 4 is arranged in the air supply duct 3; the heat pump system comprises a compressor 14, a condenser 15, a pressure difference regulating valve, an evaporator 17, a drying filter 13, a liquid storage device 14 and a gas-liquid separator 18 which are sequentially communicated through a refrigerant pipeline, wherein an outlet of the gas-liquid separator 18 is correspondingly connected with a gas return port of the compressor 14 to form a circulation loop.

The evaporator 17 is arranged in the external circulation area, an air outlet is arranged at the top of the shell 1 of the external circulation area, and an air exhaust fan is arranged at the air outlet 5; other equipment of the heat pump system is arranged in the inner circulation area, and the condenser 15 is arranged at a position adjacent to the side wall of the return air duct 2.

The differential pressure regulating valve comprises a valve tube 41, a mandril 42, a limiting spring 43, an adjusting nut 44 and a packaging tube 48, wherein the lower ends of the valve tube 41 and the packaging tube 48 are liquid inlets, and the upper ends of the valve tube 41 and the packaging tube 48 are liquid outlets. An annular boss 45 is arranged on the inner wall of the valve pipe 41, the upper part of the limiting spring 43 penetrates into the valve pipe 41 through the liquid inlet, and the upper end of the limiting spring 43 is propped against the annular boss 45; a conical end 46 is arranged at the upper end of the ejector rod 42, a conical surface 47 matched with the conical end 46 is arranged on the inner wall of the top of the valve tube 41, the lower end of the ejector rod 42 penetrates through the valve tube 41 and the limiting spring 43 and extends to the outside of the valve tube 41, the conical end 46 is attached to the conical surface 47, and a gap for liquid inlet is reserved between the outer wall of the ejector rod 42 and the inner wall of the valve tube 41; the surface of the ejector rod 42 is provided with external threads, the adjusting nut 44 is rotatably sleeved on the ejector rod 42, and the lower end of the limiting spring 43 is abutted on the adjusting nut 44.

The packaging tube 48 is sleeved outside the valve tube 41, the inner wall of the packaging tube 48 is fixedly covered with the outer wall of the valve tube 41, the outer diameter of the adjusting nut 44 is smaller than the inner diameter of the packaging tube 48, the liquid inlet end of the packaging tube 48 is connected with the tail end outlet of the condenser 15, and the liquid outlet end of the packaging tube 48 is connected with the front end inlet of the evaporator 17.

The inner diameter of the annular boss 45 is larger than the rod body diameter of the ejector rod 42; a set of reinforcing fixing portions are provided at upper and lower portions of an outer wall of the valve tube 41, respectively, the reinforcing fixing portions including two adjacent annular flanges 49, and an annular groove 50 formed between the two annular flanges 49; the shape of the tube body of the packing tube 48 outside the valve tube 41 matches the shape of the outer wall of the valve tube 41.

A moisture outlet is arranged on the partition plate 11 positioned below the evaporator 17, and a self-opening and self-closing cover plate 12 is arranged at the moisture outlet; the self-opening and closing cover plate 12 comprises a rectangular frame 6, supporting rods 8 are distributed along the long edges of the frame 6 at equal intervals, the supporting rods 8 penetrate through the long edges of two corresponding sides, cover plate pieces 7 are rotatably sleeved on the supporting rods 8, one side edge of each cover plate piece 7 is rotatably sleeved on the corresponding supporting rod 8, the other side edge of each cover plate piece is movably overlapped on the supporting rod 8 adjacent to the corresponding supporting rod, and the cover plate piece 7 at the edge is movably overlapped on the short edge of the adjacent frame 6; a downward bending part 10 is arranged on one side of the cover plate sheet 7 which is movably placed; an -shaped limiting strip 9 is arranged between two short edges of the frame 6, the lower parts of two ends of the limiting strip 9 are fixed on the two short edges of the frame 6, and the height of the limiting strip 9 is less than the width of the cover plate piece 7.

A water guide groove and a water discharge pipe connected to the water guide groove are further provided on the partition plate 11 below the evaporator 17, and the water discharge pipe extends to the outside of the casing 1.

Furthermore, the evaporators 17 are divided into two groups, each group of evaporators 17 comprises two duct pieces which are arranged in a V shape, and the top of the shell 1 corresponding to the V-shaped opening of each group of evaporators 17 is provided with an air outlet 5 and an air exhaust fan; the first group of evaporators 17 are positioned right above the condenser 15, the second group of evaporators 17 are arranged beside the first group of evaporators 17 in parallel, two moisture discharge ports are arranged on the partition plates 11 below two pipe sheets of the second group of evaporators 17 respectively, and a self-opening and self-closing cover plate 12 is arranged at each moisture discharge port.

An air supply port is arranged at the upper part of the side wall at one side of the inner circulation area, and an openable air supply window 19 is arranged at the air supply port; the air supplement window 19 comprises a rectangular window frame 20, openable and closable blades 21 are equidistantly distributed between two opposite sides of the window frame 20, two ends of each blade 21 are provided with rotating rods 22 which are rotatably connected to two corresponding sides of the window frame 20, a control strip 23 is arranged on the inner side of the window frame 20 corresponding to one end of each blade 21, and the upper side surface of each blade 21 is provided with a connecting column 24 which is connected with the control strip 23 through a rotating shaft;

the outer portion of one side of the window frame 20 where the control bar 23 is located is provided with a screw 28 parallel to the control bar 23 and a driving motor 29 correspondingly connected with the bottom end of the screw 28, a screw nut 30 sleeved on the screw 28 is rotated, the screw nut 30 is connected with the control bar 23 through a control rod 31, the control rod 31 is parallel to the blade 21 and is perpendicular to the control bar 23 and the screw 28, a guide groove is formed in the corresponding position of the window frame 20, the control rod 31 penetrates through the guide groove and moves along the guide groove under the control of the driving motor 29 for controlling the opening and closing of the blade 21.

And a heat exchanger 25 is arranged at a position between the air supply port and the moisture exhaust port in the inner circulation area, the heat exchanger 25 is formed by alternately sticking vertical ventilation duct pieces 26 and transverse ventilation duct pieces 27 together, an air outlet at the upper part of each vertical ventilation duct piece 26 is positioned right below the moisture exhaust port, and an air inlet of each transverse ventilation duct piece 27 faces the air supply port. The vertical ventilation pipe pieces 26 of the heat exchanger 25 are sequentially adjacent and connected in parallel, and the transverse ventilation pipe pieces 27 are arranged between two columns of vertical ventilation pipe pieces 26 at intervals.

The drying room 32 comprises a room body and a gate arranged on one side of the room body, an air supply outlet 33 communicated with the air supply duct 3 is arranged on the side wall opposite to the gate and close to the top, and a return air inlet 34 communicated with the return air duct 2 is arranged below the air supply outlet 33 and close to the bottom of the side wall; a bracket 35 for hanging tobacco leaves is arranged in the house body;

a wind power flow guide baffle is arranged in the room body corresponding to the position of the air supply outlet 33, the wind power flow guide baffle comprises a rectangular bottom plate 36 which is horizontally arranged and a flow guide plate 37 which is vertically arranged on the bottom plate 36, the flow guide plate 37 comprises a flow distribution plate 38 which is V-shaped in section and is arranged on two sides of the central line of the bottom plate 36, a transverse transition plate 39 which is connected with the flow distribution plates 38 on the two sides and an oblique extension plate 40 which is respectively connected with the transition plates 39 on the two sides; the transition plate 39 is parallel to the side of the bottom plate 36, and the end face of the extension plate 40 is flush with the rear side of the bottom plate 36; the bottom plate 36 is fixed at both ends to the side walls of the opposite sides of the body, and the junction of the two flow dividing plates 38 is located toward the supply opening 33.

The distance between the top of the guide plate 37 and the top plate of the house body is 5-15 cm; the included angle between the two splitter plates 38 is 30-60 degrees; the included angle between the extension plate 40 and the transition plate 39 is 120-150 degrees; the bottom plate 36 is positioned at a position 5-10cm lower than the bottom edge of the air supply opening 33; the distance between the joint of the two splitter plates 38 and the front side edge of the bottom plate 36 is more than or equal to 1/5 of the width of the bottom plate 36; the horizontal distance from the front side of the bottom plate 36 to the air supply port 33 is 5-10 cm.

The specific working mode of the tobacco leaf drying system is as follows:

the drying machine is arranged on one side of the drying room, and the return air duct is communicated with a return air inlet of the drying room and is used for pumping air in the drying room back into the shell of the drying machine for heating; the air supply duct is communicated with an air supply outlet of the drying room and used for supplying heated hot air into the drying room; the air return duct, the air supply duct and the side wall of the drying room are in sealed connection; after the drying-machine is opened, under circulating fan's effect, the air in the stoving room is taken out back to in the drying-machine casing, carries out the heat exchange with the condenser, realizes the heating of air, and the air after the heating is sent back to the stoving room in through the air supply wind channel, realizes the circulation heating of the air in the stoving room, dries the tobacco leaf in the stoving room.

The hot air entering the dryer from the air supply opening firstly contacts the wind power flow guide baffle, the bottom plate below the hot air flow guide baffle can prevent the hot air from directly flowing downwards, the hot air is divided by the flow dividing plate arranged in a V shape when flowing forwards to form air flows flowing towards two sides, the air flows at two sides continuously flow forwards along a route formed by the transition plate and the extension plate, and the hot air is contacted and mixed with the air in the drying room in the process of dividing and flowing forwards to exchange heat, so that the temperature of the hot air passing through the wind power flow guide baffle is reduced, the problem that the hot air with higher temperature at the air supply opening directly contacts the nearest tobacco leaves to cause overhigh local temperature and the tobacco leaves are easily scorched is solved, the temperature in the drying room uniformly rises, the uniformity of drying the tobacco leaves is improved, and the drying effect is ensured.

In the working process of the dryer, when a refrigerant discharged by the condenser passes through the pressure difference adjusting valve, the refrigerant firstly enters the valve pipe from the liquid inlet at the lower end of the valve pipe, and after a certain pressure is reached, the conical end at the upper end of the ejector rod is ejected, so that the refrigerant generates pressure difference at the front side and the rear side of the adjusting valve, the refrigerant at one high-pressure side is continuously kept in a high-pressure state and is liquefied and released rapidly, the condenser can be heated rapidly, and the working efficiency and the energy conservation of the heat pump are improved. The drying machine using the heat pump system in the prior art generally needs 5-6 minutes to reach the normal working temperature after starting, but the drying machine using the heat pump system can shorten the starting time to 1 minute, when some materials are dried, the drying machine needs to work intermittently, if the drying machine needs to be shut down after being operated for 15 minutes after being started, the drying machine can be operated for 3 times and 30 times in ten hours, 4-5 minutes can be saved by adopting the heat pump system in the invention after being started, the on-off time can be saved for 2-2.5 hours every day, the working efficiency of the drying machine can be effectively improved, and the electric energy can be saved.

When the air humidity in the drying room is large, the exhaust fan at the top of the shell is started, the air flows on the upper side and the lower side of the partition plate drive the exhaust fan, the cover plate piece is opened upwards, a part of damp and hot air in the lower internal circulation area flows upwards, and the damp and hot air is discharged to the outside of the shell through the air outlet after being subjected to heat exchange with the evaporator, so that the dehumidifying of the circulating air is realized, and the drying effect is ensured.

After circulating air passes through a moisture removal discharge part, circulating air in the drying room is reduced, air needs to be supplemented to the inside of the drying room, blades of an air supplementing window controlled by a driving motor and a screw rod are opened, outside air enters the shell through an air supplementing port, a heat exchanger consisting of a vertical ventilation duct piece and a transverse ventilation duct piece is arranged between the air supplementing port and the moisture removal port, in the moisture removal process, hot and humid air flows upwards through the vertical ventilation duct piece of the heat exchanger, in the air supplementing process, the outside air flows towards the shell through the transverse ventilation duct piece of the heat exchanger, heat exchange occurs in the heat exchanger, the outside air is preheated, then the outside air is heated through a condenser, and the outside air enters the drying room through an air supply duct. The vertical hollow arrows in fig. 11 are indicative of the direction in which the moist hot air passes through the vertical duct pieces, and the horizontal hollow arrows are indicative of the direction in which the outside air passes through the horizontal duct pieces.

While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various changes can be made in the specific parameters of the embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and that various specific embodiments can be made, which are common variations of the present invention and will not be described in detail herein.

Claims

1. A tobacco leaf drying system, characterized by comprising an integrated dryer and drying room (32); the dryer comprises a shell (1) and a heat pump system arranged in the shell (1), wherein a transverse partition plate (11) is arranged in the shell (1) to divide the inner space of the shell (1) into a lower inner circulation area and an upper outer circulation area; a return air duct (2) communicated with the drying room is arranged at the lower part of the side wall at one side of the inner circulation area, an air supply duct (3) communicated with the drying room is also arranged at one side of the upper part of the side wall, and a circulating fan (4) is arranged in the air supply duct (3); the heat pump system comprises a compressor (14), a condenser (15), a pressure difference regulating valve, an evaporator (17), a drying filter (13), a liquid storage device (14) and a gas-liquid separator (18) which are sequentially communicated through a refrigerant pipeline, wherein an outlet of the gas-liquid separator (18) is correspondingly connected with a gas return port of the compressor (14) to form a circulation loop;

the evaporator (17) is arranged in the external circulation area, an air outlet is formed in the top of the shell (1) of the external circulation area, and an air exhaust fan is mounted at the air outlet (5); other equipment of the heat pump system is arranged in the internal circulation area, and the condenser (15) is arranged at a position adjacent to the side wall where the return air duct (2) is located;

a moisture discharging port is formed in the partition plate (11) positioned below the evaporator (17), and a self-opening and self-closing cover plate (12) is installed at the moisture discharging port; an air supply port is arranged at the upper part of the side wall at one side of the internal circulation area, and an openable air supply window (19) is arranged at the air supply port;

the drying room (32) comprises a room body and a gate arranged on one side of the room body, an air supply outlet (33) communicated with the air supply duct (3) is arranged on the side wall opposite to the gate and close to the top, and a return air inlet (34) communicated with the return air duct (2) is arranged below the air supply outlet (33) and close to the bottom of the side wall; a bracket (35) for hanging tobacco leaves is arranged in the house body;

a wind power flow guide baffle is arranged in the room body corresponding to the position of the air supply outlet (33), the wind power flow guide baffle comprises a rectangular bottom plate (36) which is horizontally arranged and a flow guide plate (37) which is vertically arranged on the bottom plate (36), the flow guide plate (37) comprises flow distribution plates (38) which are V-shaped in section and arranged on two sides of the central line of the bottom plate (36), transverse transition plates (39) connected with the flow distribution plates (38) on the two sides and oblique extension plates (40) respectively connected with the transition plates (39) on the two sides; the transition plate (39) is parallel to the side edge of the bottom plate (36), and the end surface of the extension plate (40) is flush with the rear side edge of the bottom plate (36); the two ends of the bottom plate (36) are fixed on the side walls of the two opposite sides of the house body, and the joint of the two flow distribution plates (38) is arranged towards the air supply outlet (33).

2. The tobacco leaf drying system according to claim 1, wherein the pressure difference regulating valve comprises a valve pipe (41), a push rod (42), a limit spring (43), a regulating nut (44) and a packaging pipe (48), wherein the lower ends of the valve pipe (41) and the packaging pipe (48) are liquid inlets, and the upper ends of the valve pipe and the packaging pipe are liquid outlets;

an annular boss (45) is arranged on the inner wall of the valve pipe (41), the upper part of the limiting spring (43) penetrates into the valve pipe (41) through the liquid inlet, and the upper end of the limiting spring (43) is propped against the annular boss (45); a conical end (46) is arranged at the upper end of the ejector rod (42), a conical surface (47) matched with the conical end (46) is arranged on the inner wall of the top of the valve pipe (41), the lower end of the ejector rod (42) penetrates through the valve pipe (41) and the limiting spring (43) and extends to the outside of the valve pipe (41), the conical end (46) is attached to the conical surface (47), and a gap for liquid inlet is reserved between the outer wall of the ejector rod (42) and the inner wall of the valve pipe (41); the surface of the ejector rod (42) is provided with an external thread, the adjusting nut (44) is rotatably sleeved on the ejector rod (42), and the lower end of the limiting spring (43) is abutted against the adjusting nut (44);

the packaging pipe (48) is sleeved outside the valve pipe (41), the inner wall of the packaging pipe (48) is fixedly combined with the outer wall of the valve pipe (41), the outer diameter of the adjusting nut (44) is smaller than the inner diameter of the packaging pipe (48), one end of a liquid inlet of the packaging pipe (48) is connected with an outlet at the tail end of the condenser (15), and one end of a liquid outlet of the packaging pipe is connected with an inlet at the front end of the evaporator (17).

3. The tobacco leaf drying system according to claim 2, characterized in that the inner diameter of the annular boss (45) is larger than the rod body diameter of the ejector rod (42); a group of reinforcing fixing parts are respectively arranged at the upper part and the lower part of the outer wall of the valve pipe (41), and each reinforcing fixing part comprises two adjacent annular flanges (49) and an annular groove (50) formed between the two annular flanges (49); the shape of the tube body of the packaging tube (48) positioned outside the valve tube (41) is matched with the shape of the outer wall of the valve tube (41).

4. The tobacco leaf drying system according to claim 1, characterized in that the self-opening and closing cover plate (12) comprises a rectangular frame (6), support rods (8) are distributed at equal intervals along the long sides of the frame (6), the support rods (8) penetrate through the long sides of the two corresponding sides, cover plate pieces (7) are rotatably sleeved on the support rods (8), one side of each cover plate piece (7) is rotatably sleeved on the corresponding support rod (8), the other side of each cover plate piece is movably overlapped on the support rod (8) adjacent to the corresponding support rod, and the cover plate piece (7) at the outermost edge is movably overlapped on the short side of the adjacent frame (6); a downward bending part (10) is arranged on one side of the cover plate sheet (7) which is movably placed;

an -shaped limiting strip (9) is arranged between two short sides of the frame (6), the lower parts of two ends of the limiting strip (9) are fixed on the two short sides of the frame (6), and the height of the limiting strip (9) is smaller than the width of the cover plate piece (7).

5. The tobacco leaf drying system according to claim 4, characterized in that the evaporators (17) are divided into two groups, each group of evaporators (17) comprises two duct pieces arranged in a V shape, and the top of the shell (1) corresponding to the V-shaped opening of each group of evaporators (17) is provided with an air outlet (5) and an air exhaust fan; first group evaporimeter (17) are located condenser (15) directly over, and second group evaporimeter (17) set up side by side on first group evaporimeter (17), the hydrofuge mouth has two, sets up respectively on baffle (11) of two section of jurisdiction belows of second group evaporimeter (17), all is equipped with in every hydrofuge mouth department apron (12) open and shut certainly.

6. The tobacco leaf drying system according to claim 1, wherein the air supply window (19) comprises a rectangular window frame (20), openable and closable blades (21) are equidistantly distributed between two opposite sides of the window frame (20), rotating rods (22) rotatably connected to two sides of the corresponding window frame (20) are arranged at two ends of each blade (21), a control strip (23) is arranged on the inner side of the window frame (20) corresponding to one end of each blade (21), and a connecting column (24) connected with the control strip (23) through a rotating shaft is arranged on the upper side surface of each blade (21);

the outer portion of one side of a window frame (20) where the control strips (23) are located is provided with a screw rod (28) parallel to the control strips (23), a driving motor (29) correspondingly connected with the bottom end of the screw rod (28), a screw rod nut (30) sleeved on the screw rod (28) is rotated, the screw rod nut (30) is connected with the control strips (23) through a control rod (31), the control rod (31) is parallel to the blades (21), the control strips (23) and the screw rod (28) are perpendicular to each other, guide grooves are formed in corresponding positions of the window frame (20), the control rod (31) penetrates through the guide grooves and is controlled by the driving motor (29) to move in the guide grooves for controlling the blades (21) to be opened and closed.

7. The tobacco leaf drying system according to claim 6, characterized in that a heat exchanger (25) is arranged in the inner circulation area between the air supply opening and the moisture exhaust opening, the heat exchanger (25) is composed of a vertical ventilation duct piece (26) and a transverse ventilation duct piece (27) which are alternatively attached together, an upper air outlet of the vertical ventilation duct piece (26) is positioned right below the moisture exhaust opening, and an air inlet of the transverse ventilation duct piece (27) faces the air supply opening.

8. The tobacco leaf drying system according to claim 7, characterized in that the vertical ventilation duct pieces (26) of the heat exchanger (25) are connected in series, adjacently and in parallel, and the transverse ventilation duct pieces (27) are arranged at intervals between two columns of vertical ventilation duct pieces (26).

9. The tobacco leaf drying system according to claim 1, characterized in that a water chute and a drain pipe connected with the water chute are further provided on the partition plate (11) below the evaporator (17), and the drain pipe extends to the outside of the housing (1).

10. The tobacco leaf drying system according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance between the top of the deflector (37) and the roof of the house body is 5-15 cm; the included angle between the two splitter plates (38) is 30-60 degrees; the included angle between the extension plate (40) and the transition plate (39) is 120 DEG and 150 DEG; the position of the bottom plate (36) is 5-10cm lower than the position of the bottom edge of the air supply outlet (33); the distance between the joint of the two splitter plates (38) and the front side edge of the bottom plate (36) is more than or equal to 1/5 of the width of the bottom plate (36); the horizontal distance from the front side edge of the bottom plate (36) to the air supply outlet (33) is 5-10 cm.