CN110997393A - 用于电动商用车的调节装置及其运行方法 - Google Patents

用于电动商用车的调节装置及其运行方法 Download PDF

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CN110997393A
CN110997393A CN201880050349.2A CN201880050349A CN110997393A CN 110997393 A CN110997393 A CN 110997393A CN 201880050349 A CN201880050349 A CN 201880050349A CN 110997393 A CN110997393 A CN 110997393A
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rear axles
axle
adjusting device
level
rear axle
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CN110997393B (zh
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P·琼托什
D·万伊
R·布达福基
Z·诺格拉迪
M·哈乔斯
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Knorr Bremse Systeme fuer Nutzfahrzeuge GmbH
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Knorr Bremse Systeme fuer Nutzfahrzeuge GmbH
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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    • B60L7/10—Dynamic electric regenerative braking
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    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/02—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units comprising more than one electric motor
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于电动商用车(1)的调节装置和用于运行该电动商用车的方法。该商用车具有前桥(2)、至少两个后桥(3)、调节后桥(3)中的至少一个后桥与车道(4)的水平的调节装置、至少一个用于驱动后桥(3)的电动机以及电池(5)，该电池给所述电动机供应电流。在再生运行中，所述电动机作为发电机工作并且被两个后桥(3)驱动，用于给所述电池(5)充电，所述调节装置调节可调节的后桥(3)的水平和载荷，使得所述再生最优化。

Description

用于电动商用车的调节装置及其运行方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于电动商用车的调节装置和用于运行该电动商用车的方法。电动商用车具有前桥、至少两个后桥、至少一个用于驱动后桥的电动机以及电池，该电池给所述电动机供应电流，其中，所述调节装置被适配来调节所述后桥中的至少一个后桥与车道的水平。
背景技术
图2示出现有技术中的此类商用车，其具有前桥2和两个成对布置的后桥3。在两个后桥之间可以进行载荷分配。通常，使用三种类型的载荷分配。第一载荷分配类型使用固定的载荷分配，从而例如这些后桥3之一始终是被驱动桥，而另一后桥3始终是被拖曳桥。第二载荷分配类型是可变的，其中，载荷较大的那个桥用作驱动桥。第三载荷分配类型是临时可变的，其中，一个桥在确定的时间周期内过载以支持牵引。在图2中，通过不同长度的箭头表示不同的载荷。
载荷分配通过水平调整系统进行，该水平调整系统调节后桥之一与车道的水平。水平和载荷是不同的参数。水平可以被连续调节，使得两个后桥3上的载荷在确定的时间段上基本上相同。该水平调整系统根据确定的参数或EoL(End-of-Line)设定来确定所施加的载荷。所施加的载荷一直保持，直到驾驶员或ASR系统(Anti-Schlupf-Regelung)改变该载荷，例如用于支持牵引。该水平调节系统可以分别在总载荷的0％至100％之间调节施加在相应后桥上的载荷。
发明内容
本发明的任务在于，在电动商用车中实现后桥的水平调节。该任务通过具有权利要求1特征的用于电动商用车的调节装置并且通过具有权利要求5特征的用于运行电动商用车的方法来解决。在从属权利要求中限定本发明的有利的进一步方案。
根据本发明，所述调节装置被适配来识别再生运行，在该再生运行中，电动机作为发电机工作并且被两个后桥驱动，用于给所述电池充电，并且调节至少一个可调节的后桥的水平和载荷，使得所述再生最优化。有利地，在两个后桥上调节出足够的轮胎滚动阻力，使得用两个后桥优化再生。优选地，基本上分别是相同的载荷施加在两个后桥上。当商用车具有多个较小的分别安装在一个车桥上的电动机时，本发明是特别有利的。通过本发明可以使得所有的电动机最优地参与到再生中。
优选地，该调节装置还具有坡度传感器，并且该调节装置被适配来当该坡度传感器检测到商用车下坡行驶时识别再生运行。此外，优选地，该调节装置被适配来当满足下列条件时识别再生运行：a)所述车道的由所述坡度传感器检测到的坡度等于或大于预先确定的第一值；b)商用车的加速度踏板未被操作；和c)条件a)和条件b)持续了预先确定的时间或更长。由此，以有利的方式可靠地识别再生运行。此外，避免了通过调节装置多余地切换，特别是在短的坡度路段上。
本发明还包括一种用于运行电动商用车的方法，该电动商用车具有：前桥；至少两个后桥；调节装置，该调节装置调节所述后桥中的至少一个后桥与车道的水平；至少一个用于驱动后桥的电动机；和电池，该电池给所述电动机供应电流。在本发明的方法中，调节至少一个可调节的后桥的水平，使得再生运行最优化，在该再生运行中，所述电动机作为发电机工作并且被两个后桥驱动，用于给所述电池充电。有利地，在两个后桥上调节出足够的轮胎滚动阻力，从而用两个后桥优化再生。优选地，基本上分别是相同的载荷施加在两个后桥上。
优选地，所述后桥是空气弹簧车桥，并且通过压力传感器检测施加在后桥上的载荷，该压力传感器检测所述后桥的空气弹簧伸缩蓬中的压力。检测到的压力被反馈给所述调节装置。由此，以微小的耗费精确地调节后桥上地载荷。
附图说明
下面根据附图描述本发明的实施例。附图中：
图1示出商用车以及根据本发明的第一实施例的用于运行商用车的方法；和
图2示出现有技术中的商用车。
具体实施方式
图1以三个时间上相互跟随的视图示出商用车以及根据本发明的第一实施例的用于运行商用车1的方法。
电动商用车1具有：前桥2；两个后桥3；调节装置(未示出)，该调节装置调节这些后桥3中的至少一个后桥(例如后面的后桥3)与车道4的水平；用于驱动后桥3的电动机；和电池5，该电池给所述电动机供应电流。在所示的实施例中，设置了多个电动机，它们分别安装在所述桥2、3上。这两个后桥3成对布置，从而当它们处于与车道4相同的水平上时，基本上是相同的载荷施加在这些后桥上。
图1的左边视图示出在平坦的车道4上的正常运行。在该情况下，两个后桥3之一(在此是前边的后桥3)用作主驱动桥。另一后桥3(在此是后面的后桥3)用作辅助驱动桥。该配置通过调节装置(未示出)实现，其方式是，相比于前面的后桥3与车道4的水平，后面的后桥3与车道4的水平更高。当后面的后桥3完全从车道4升起时，其用作空桥。在图1的这些视图中，分别通过不同长度的箭头表示不同的载荷。
图1的中间视图示出在斜坡上的再生运行。在再生运行中，电动机作为发电机工作并且被后桥3驱动，用于给电池5充电。在此，所述调节装置调节所述水平和可调节的后桥3的载荷，使得最佳地进行再生。例如，可以将迄今为止载荷较小的那个后桥3的载荷增大，由此同时将迄今为止载荷较大的那个后桥3的载荷减小。由此，通过该调节装置调节这些后桥3的载荷比，使得最佳地进行再生。优选地，该调节装置能够以如下方式调节所述水平和可调节的后桥3的载荷，使得基本上相同的载荷施加在这两个后桥3上。由此，基本上相同的轮胎滚动阻力作用于这两个后桥3，从而不仅是一个后桥3，而是两个后桥3支持再生。如果商用车1具有多个更小的电动机，它们分别安装在一个车桥上，则本发明是特别有利的。通过本发明可以使得所有的电动机最佳地参与到再生中。
图1的右边视图示出在斜坡上再生运行之后又在平坦的车道4上的正常运行。在此，调节装置调节所述可调的后桥3的水平，使得不同的载荷施加在这两个后桥3上。在该情况下，两个后桥3之一(在此又是前面的后桥3)用作主驱动桥。另一后桥3(在此又是后面的后桥3)可以用作辅助驱动桥或用作空桥。
在所示的实施例中，当坡度传感器(未示出)检测到商用车1如在图1的中间视图中那样下坡行驶时，则调节装置可以识别再生运行。特别是，当满足下列条件时，调节装置可以识别再生运行：a)车道4的由坡度传感器检测到的坡度等于或大于预先确定的第一值；b)商用车1的加速度踏板(未示出)未被操作；和c)条件a)和条件b)持续了预先确定的时间或更长。由此，以有利的方式可靠地识别再生运行。此外，避免了通过调节装置多余地切换，特别是在短的坡度路段上。
替换地，该调节装置可以被动地识别再生运行，其方式是，该调节装置从外部设备接收再生信号。于是，该外部设备实施再生运行的主动识别。
在本实施例的方法中，商用车1的后桥3可以是空气弹簧车桥。施加在后桥3上的载荷可以通过压力传感器(未示出)检测，该压力传感器检测后桥3的空气弹簧伸缩蓬(未示出)中的压力，其中，检测到的压力被反馈给调节装置。由此，以微小的耗费精确地设定或调节后桥3上的载荷。
该调节装置适合于全电力运行的电动商用车并且适合于混合动力车辆，该混合动力车辆除了电动机之外还具有其他驱动装置例如内燃机。
附图标记清单
1 电动商用车
2 前桥
3 后桥
4 车道
5 电池。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于电动商用车(1)的调节装置，该电动商用车具有前桥(2)、至少两个后桥(3)、至少一个用于驱动后桥(3)的电动机以及电池(5)，该电池给所述电动机供应电流，其中，
所述调节装置被适配来调节所述后桥(3)中的至少一个后桥与车道(4)的水平，
其特征在于，
所述调节装置被适配来识别再生运行，在该再生运行中，所述电动机作为发电机工作并且被两个后桥(3)驱动，用于给所述电池(5)充电；并且
所述调节装置被适配来在识别到的再生运行中调节至少一个可调节的后桥(3)的水平和载荷，使得所述再生最优化。
2.根据权利要求1所述的调节装置，其中，该调节装置被适配来在识别到的再生运行中调节所述至少一个可调节的后桥(3)的水平，使得基本上分别是相同的载荷施加在两个后桥(3)上。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的调节装置，其中，还具有坡度传感器，其中，该调节装置被适配来当该坡度传感器检测到商用车(1)下坡行驶时识别再生运行。
4.根据权利要求3所述的调节装置，其中，该调节装置被适配来当满足下列条件时识别再生运行：
a)所述车道(4)的由所述坡度传感器检测到的坡度等于或大于预先确定的第一值；
b)商用车(1)的加速度踏板未被操作；和
c)条件a)和条件b)持续了预先确定的时间或更长。
5.一种用于运行电动商用车(1)的方法，该电动商用车具有：前桥(2)；至少两个后桥(3)；调节装置，该调节装置调节所述后桥(3)中的至少一个后桥与车道(4)的水平；至少一个用于驱动后桥(3)的电动机；和电池(5)，该电池给所述电动机供应电流，
其特征在于，
调节至少一个可调节的后桥(3)的水平和载荷，使得再生运行最优化，在该再生运行中，所述电动机作为发电机工作并且被两个后桥(3)驱动，用于给所述电池(5)充电。
6.根据权利要求5所述的用于运行电动商用车(1)的方法，其中，调节所述可调节的后桥(3)的水平，使得基本上分别是相同的载荷施加在两个后桥(3)上。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的用于运行电动商用车(1)的方法，其中，在再生运行结束后，调节所述可调节的后桥(3)的水平，使得不同的载荷施加在两个后桥(3)上。
8.根据权利要求5至7中任一项所述的用于运行电动商用车(1)的方法，其中，商用车(1)的后桥(3)是空气弹簧桥并且分别通过压力传感器检测施加在后桥(3)上的载荷，该压力传感器检测所述后桥(3)的空气弹簧伸缩蓬中的压力，其中，将检测到的压力反馈给所述调节装置。
9.根据权利要求5至8中任一项所述的用于运行电动商用车(1)的方法，其中，两个后桥(3)成对布置。
10.一种电动商用车(1)，其具有根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述调节装置。
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