CN110997290A - Fiber fabric reinforced composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Fiber fabric reinforced composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110997290A CN110997290A CN201980002222.8A CN201980002222A CN110997290A CN 110997290 A CN110997290 A CN 110997290A CN 201980002222 A CN201980002222 A CN 201980002222A CN 110997290 A CN110997290 A CN 110997290A
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- fiber fabric
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/30—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
- B29C70/34—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation
- B29C70/342—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation using isostatic pressure
Abstract
The application discloses a preparation method of a fiber fabric reinforced composite material, which comprises the following steps: arranging a first demolding layer and a conductive heating fiber fabric on the surface of the mold in sequence, and arranging conductive adhesive communicated with an external power supply on two opposite side edges of the conductive heating fiber fabric; and arranging a second demolding layer and a vacuum bag on the surface of the conductive heating fiber fabric to form a sealed space, injecting resin after vacuumizing the sealed space, enabling the resin to completely infiltrate the conductive heating fiber fabric, electrifying the conductive heating fiber fabric through the conductive adhesive, heating after electrifying the conductive heating fiber fabric to enable the resin to be cured and molded, and demolding to obtain the fiber fabric reinforced composite material. According to the preparation method, the conductive heating fiber fabric is used as a reinforcement of the composite material, and uniform curing temperature is provided for the resin by electrifying and heating the conductive heating fiber fabric, so that the process is simplified, the preparation process is simple, and the preparation method is suitable for industrial large-scale production and application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of composite materials, and particularly relates to a fiber fabric reinforced composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The carbon fiber reinforced composite material is one of the research hotspots of the current composite material, and the carbon fiber reinforced composite material has the performance of both the carbon fiber and the matrix, thereby becoming an engineering structure material with more excellent comprehensive performance and a functional material with special performance. The carbon fiber reinforced composite material has the characteristics of light weight, high strength, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, excellent thermodynamic property and the like, is widely used as a structural material and a high temperature and ablation resistant material, is incomparable with other fiber reinforced composite materials, and has very wide application in the fields of aerospace, energy, automobiles, electronic and electrical devices and the like.
At present, Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) forming technology is mostly adopted in the preparation process of carbon fiber reinforced composite materials. The resin transfer molding is a technological method for injecting resin into a closed mold to soak a reinforcing material and cure the reinforcing material, and the technology can be used without prepreg and autoclave, so that the equipment cost and the molding cost are effectively reduced. Resin Transfer Molding technology has been developed rapidly in recent years, and is widely applied in the fields of aircraft industry, automobile industry, ship industry and the like, and various branches such as Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM) and the like are researched and developed to meet application requirements of different fields.
However, in the conventional vacuum assisted resin transfer molding process, the heating mode is to place the vacuum bag in an oven for curing after vacuum pumping, the process is complicated, and the shape of the vacuum bag is not fixed, so the conventional vacuum assisted resin transfer molding has the defects of uneven heating, uneven thickness of the final product and the like, and the performance of the final product is affected.
Disclosure of Invention
Object of the Invention
One of the purposes of the embodiment of the application is as follows: the preparation method aims to solve the technical problems that in a vacuum assisted resin transfer molding process, the heating mode is that after vacuumizing, the vacuum bag is placed in an oven for curing, the process is complex, and the conventional vacuum assisted resin transfer molding has the defects of uneven heating, uneven thickness of a final product and the like due to unfixed shape of the vacuum bag, so that the performance of the final product is influenced and the like.
It is another object of the present application to provide a fiber fabric reinforced composite.
Technical solution
In order to solve the technical problem, the embodiment of the application adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, a method for preparing a fiber fabric reinforced composite material is provided, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of obtaining a mold, sequentially arranging a first demolding layer and a conductive heating fiber fabric which can conduct self-heating after being conducted on the surface of the mold, arranging conductive glue on two opposite side edges of the conductive heating fiber fabric, and communicating the conductive glue with an external power supply;
arranging a second demolding layer on the surface, away from the first demolding layer, of the conductive heating fiber fabric, then arranging a vacuum bag on the surface, away from the conductive heating fiber fabric, of the second demolding layer, bonding the vacuum bag and the mold through a sealing rubber strip to form a sealed space, and wrapping the first demolding layer, the conductive heating fiber fabric and the second demolding layer which are sequentially stacked in the sealed space;
and vacuumizing the sealed space, injecting resin to enable the resin to completely soak the conductive heating fiber fabric, electrifying the conductive heating fiber fabric through the conductive adhesive, carrying out self-heating after the conductive heating fiber fabric is electrified to enable the resin to be cured and molded, and demoulding to obtain the fiber fabric reinforced composite material.
In one embodiment, the step of disposing the conductive adhesive on two opposite sides of the conductive heating fiber fabric comprises: and T-shaped conductive adhesives are arranged on two opposite side edges of the conductive heating fiber fabric and are communicated with an external power supply through the T-shaped conductive adhesives, so that the conductive heating fiber fabric is connected with the external power supply through the T-shaped conductive adhesives on the two opposite side edges.
In one embodiment, the step of energizing the conductive heat-generating fabric through the conductive paste includes: and (3) passing a current of 0.1-0.6A through the conductive adhesive to the conductive heating fiber fabric, so that the conductive heating fiber fabric generates a heating temperature of 50-100 ℃.
In one embodiment, before the step of providing the first release layer on the surface of the mold, the method further comprises the steps of: depositing a release agent on the surface of the mold; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
in one embodiment, further comprising between the second release layer and the vacuum bag: and the isolating film and the flow guide net are sequentially arranged on the surface of the second demoulding layer.
In one embodiment, after the resin is made to completely infiltrate the conductive heating fiber fabric, the method further comprises the following steps: and applying pressure perpendicular to the conductive heating fiber fabric to the sealed space outside the vacuum bag, wherein the pressure is 1-25 MPa.
In one embodiment, the release agent is selected from: at least one of a silicon-based release agent, a wax-based release agent, a fluorine-based release agent, a surface-active release agent, and a polyether-based release agent.
In one embodiment, the release film is selected from: at least one of fluoroplastic film, polymethylpentene film and polyimide film.
In one embodiment, the flow directing mesh is selected from: high density polyethylene and/or polyethylene.
In one embodiment, the conductive heat emitting fiber fabric includes: at least one of carbon nanotube fiber fabric, carbon fiber fabric, and graphene fiber fabric.
In one embodiment, the weave of the conductive heat-generating fiber fabric is selected from: at least one of plain, twill or satin.
In one embodiment, the resin has a viscosity of 0.1 to 0.5 Pa-s.
In one embodiment, the resin is selected from: at least one of epoxy resin, unsaturated polyester resin, polyamide resin and vinyl resin.
In one embodiment, the first release layer and the second release layer are each selected from: polyamide, polyester or polytetrafluoroethylene coated glass fiber breathable cloth.
In a second aspect, a fiber fabric reinforced composite material is provided, which is prepared by the method, and comprises a conductive heating fiber fabric and a resin for infiltrating and coating the conductive heating fiber fabric.
In one embodiment, the fiber fabric reinforced composite has a flexural modulus of not less than 191 GPa.
The preparation method of the fiber fabric reinforced composite material provided by the embodiment of the application has the beneficial effects that: the vacuum assisted resin transfer molding forming process is adopted, a first demolding layer and a conductive heating fiber fabric which can be self-heated after being conductive are sequentially arranged on the surface of a formed mold, conductive glue is arranged on two opposite side edges of the conductive heating fiber fabric and is communicated with an external power supply through the conductive glue, then a second demolding layer and a vacuum bag are sequentially arranged on the surface of the fiber, the vacuum bag is bonded with the mold through a sealing rubber strip to form a sealing space, resin is injected into the sealing space after the sealing space is vacuumized, the conductive heating fiber fabric is completely infiltrated by the resin, the conductive heating fiber fabric is electrified through the conductive glue, the conductive heating fiber fabric is heated after being electrified to enable the resin to be cured and formed, and the fiber fabric reinforced composite material is obtained after demolding. The preparation method of the fiber fabric reinforced composite material has the advantages that the conductive heating fiber fabric is not only used as a reinforcement of the composite material, but also is provided with the conductive adhesive through the two opposite side edges of the conductive heating fiber fabric, the conductive adhesive is communicated with an external power supply, the conductive heating fiber fabric is electrified and heated to be solidified, soaked and coated with the conductive heating fiber fabric, the resin of the conductive heating fiber fabric is heated more uniformly, the curing efficiency is high, one step is realized, the processes of simultaneously transferring a mold and a sample to an oven for heating and curing or additionally arranging a heating environment and the like in the traditional process are simplified, the damage to the sample in the moving process is avoided, the preparation process is simple, and the preparation method is suitable for industrial large-scale production and application.
The fiber fabric reinforced composite material provided by the embodiment of the application has the beneficial effects that: the composite material formed by taking the conductive heating fiber fabric as a reinforcement and taking the resin as a matrix has the advantages of higher mechanical strength, better specific rigidity, bending modulus of not less than 191GPa, good lightweight effect, good thickness uniformity and smooth surface.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or exemplary technical descriptions will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of vacuum assisted resin transfer molding of a fiber fabric reinforced composite material according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view illustrating the conductive heating fiber fabric provided in an embodiment of the present application being connected to an external power source through a conductive adhesive.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or be indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly or indirectly connected to the other element. The terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred devices or elements must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and operate, and thus are not to be construed as limiting the present application, and the specific meanings of the above terms may be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations. The terms "first", "second" and "first" are used merely for descriptive purposes and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features. The meaning of "plurality" is two or more unless specifically limited otherwise.
In order to explain the technical solutions of the present application, the following detailed descriptions are made with reference to specific drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the present application provides a method for preparing a fiber fabric reinforced composite material, which includes the following steps:
s10, obtaining a mold, sequentially arranging a first demolding layer and a conductive heating fiber fabric on the surface of the mold, arranging conductive glue on two opposite side edges of the conductive heating fiber fabric which can perform self-heating after being conductive, wherein the conductive glue is communicated with an external power supply, and the conductive heating fiber fabric can be a carbon fiber fabric, a carbon nanotube fiber fabric and other fiber fabrics which can perform self-heating through conduction;
s20, arranging a second demolding layer on the surface, away from the first demolding layer, of the conductive heating fiber fabric, arranging a vacuum bag on the surface, away from the conductive heating fiber fabric, of the second demolding layer, bonding the vacuum bag and the mold through a sealing rubber strip to form a sealed space, and wrapping the first demolding layer, the conductive heating fiber fabric and the second demolding layer which are sequentially stacked in sequence in the sealed space;
and S30, after the sealed space is vacuumized, injecting resin into the sealed space, enabling the resin to completely infiltrate the conductive heating fiber fabric, electrifying the conductive heating fiber fabric through the conductive adhesive, heating the conductive heating fiber fabric after electrifying to enable the resin to be cured and molded, and demolding to obtain the fiber fabric reinforced composite material.
The embodiment of the application provides a preparation method of fiber fabric reinforced composite adopts vacuum auxiliary resin transfer molding forming process, sets gradually first demoulding layer and electrically conductive back can spontaneous heating conductive heating fiber fabric at the mould surface that takes shape electrically conductive heating fiber fabric relative both sides limit sets up the conducting resin, through conducting resin and outer power intercommunication, then sets gradually second demoulding layer and vacuum bag at fiber surface, the vacuum bag through joint strip with mould bonding forms the confined space, it is right the resin is injected into after the confined space evacuation, makes the resin soak conductive heating fiber fabric completely, and through conducting resin to conductive heating fiber fabric circular telegram, conductive heating fiber fabric circular telegram back generates heat and makes the resin solidification shaping, and the drawing of patterns obtains fiber fabric reinforced composite. According to the preparation method of the fiber fabric reinforced composite material, the conductive heating fiber fabric is not only used as a reinforcement of the composite material, but also is provided with the conductive adhesive on two opposite side edges of the conductive heating fiber fabric, the conductive adhesive is communicated with an external power supply, the conductive heating fiber fabric is cured, soaked and coated by electrifying and heating the conductive heating fiber fabric, the resin of the conductive heating fiber fabric is heated more uniformly, the curing efficiency is high, and the preparation method is in place in one step, so that the processes that a mold and a sample need to be transferred to an oven for heating and curing or a heating environment is additionally arranged in the traditional process are simplified, the damage to the sample in the moving process is avoided, the preparation process is simple, and the preparation method is suitable for industrial large-scale production.
Specifically, in step S10, a mold is obtained, a first demolding layer and a conductive heating fiber fabric are sequentially disposed on a surface of the mold, conductive adhesives are disposed on two opposite sides of the conductive heating fiber fabric, and the conductive adhesives are communicated with an external power source. In the preparation method of this application embodiment fiber fabric reinforced composite, set gradually first demoulding layer and electrically conductive back can self-heating conductive heating fiber fabric on the mould surface, conductive heating fiber fabric can be carbon fiber fabric, carbon nanotube fabric etc. through electrically conductive can self-heating fiber fabric, including upper and lower two surfaces and four sides on every side set up the conducting resin on the relative both sides limit of conductive heating fiber fabric, conducting resin and external power intercommunication, through conducting resin to conductive heating fiber fabric circular telegram generate heat, make conductive heating fiber fabric both can regard as combined material's reinforcement, can provide the heat source for the solidification of follow-up resin again, and make the resin be heated more evenly, combined material shaping effect is better. The conductive adhesive can make the electrons pass more uniformly, and if the power supply is directly connected to the conductive and heating fiber fabric, the electrons cannot be uniformly distributed on all the fibers. By using the conductive adhesive, electrons can move uniformly on all fibers at the same time, so that the resin is heated more uniformly.
In some embodiments, before providing the first release layer on the mold surface, the method further comprises the steps of: depositing a release agent on the surface of the mold. According to the embodiment of the application, the release agent is deposited on the surface of the mold in a coating, spraying and other modes, so that the prepared composite material can be separated from the surface of the mold more easily, and meanwhile, the surface of the mold can be protected to be smooth and complete and is not damaged or polluted.
In some embodiments, the release agent is selected from: at least one of a silicon-based release agent, a wax-based release agent, a fluorine-based release agent, a surface-active release agent, and a polyether-based release agent. The release agents have a good interface protection effect, and the prepared composite material can fall off from a mold.
In some embodiments, the silicon-based release agent includes, but is not limited to, silicone compounds, silicone oils, silicone methyl branched silicone oils, methyl silicone oils, emulsified methyl silicone oils, hydrogenous methyl silicone oils, silicone greases, silicone resins, silicone rubbers, silicone rubber toluene solutions, and the like.
In some embodiments, wax-based mold release agents include, but are not limited to, vegetable, animal, synthetic paraffin, microcrystalline paraffin, polyethylene wax, and the like.
In some embodiments, fluorine-based release agents include, but are not limited to, polytetrafluoroethylene; fluororesin powder; fluororesin coating, and the like.
In some embodiments, surface active release agents include, but are not limited to, metal soaps (anionic), polyoxyethylene, polyoxypropylene ether derivatives (non-ionic), and the like.
In some embodiments, the polyether family includes, but is not limited to, polyether and tallow blends and the like.
The release agent adopted in the embodiments of the application has the advantages of heat resistance, chemical resistance, good isolation performance and small pollution to a mold.
In some embodiments, the step of disposing the conductive paste on two opposite sides of the conductive heat-generating fiber fabric includes: as shown in fig. 2, T-shaped conductive adhesives are disposed on two opposite sides of the conductive heating fiber fabric and are communicated with an external power source through the T-shaped conductive adhesives, so that the fibers on the two opposite sides of the conductive heating fiber fabric are connected together through the T-shaped conductive adhesives on the two opposite sides and the external power source to form a power-on loop, and a certain amount of current is supplied to the conductive heating fiber fabric through the power source, so that the conductive heating fiber fabric heats after being powered on. In some embodiments, the conductive glue includes, but is not limited to, conductive silver glue.
The shape of the concrete mode of setting of this application embodiment conducting resin can adopt other optional modes, as long as can will electrically conduct the fibre of the fabric side that generates heat through the conducting resin and all connect uniformly to can draw the conductor wire and external power supply intercommunication can, let every fibre of the fabric side that generates heat can both pass through the electric current, with power intercommunication route, the realization generate heat can.
In some embodiments, the conductive heat-generating fiber fabric includes: at least one of carbon nanotube fiber fabric, carbon fiber cloth, and graphene fiber fabric. The conductive heating fiber fabrics adopted in the embodiment of the application have the advantages of high strength, small density, thin thickness and small influence on the self weight and the section size of the composite material, and the conductive heating fiber fabrics are used as a reinforcement of the composite material, and the tensile property, the shearing resistance, the anti-seismic property and the like of the composite material are improved by utilizing the good tensile strength and other properties of the carbon fiber material. Meanwhile, the conductive heating fiber fabrics can generate heat under the power-on condition, so that the resin soaked and coated with the conductive heating fiber fabrics is uniformly heated, and the curing effect is good. In some embodiments, the conductive heat-generating fiber fabric may be a laminate of a multilayered carbon nanotube fiber fabric, a carbon fiber cloth, and a graphene fiber fabric.
In some embodiments, the weave of the conductive heat-generating fiber fabric is selected from: at least one of plain, twill or satin. In some embodiments, the weave of the conductive heating fiber fabric is a plain weave, the plain weave has good operability and stability, and has more weave interweaving points and yarn buckling points, so that the fabric is firm, wear-resistant, stiff and flat, and the plain weave has the best weave fastness and wear resistance under the conditions of the same thickness and density of warp and weft yarns.
In some embodiments, the conductive heating fiber fabric is a carbon nanotube fiber fabric, a carbon fiber fabric or a graphene fiber fabric with a plain, twill or satin weave.
Specifically, in step S20, a second mold release layer is disposed on the other side surface of the conductive heat-generating fiber fabric away from the first mold release layer, and then a vacuum bag is disposed on the other side surface of the second mold release layer away from the conductive heat-generating fiber fabric, the vacuum bag is bonded to the mold by a sealing tape to form a sealed space, and the first mold release layer, the conductive heat-generating fiber fabric and the second mold release layer, which are sequentially stacked, are enclosed in the sealed space. This application embodiment will stack gradually through the vacuum bag and set up first demoulding layer electrically conductive heating fiber fabric with second demoulding layer cladding is in the confined space, provide vacuum environment for follow-up resin injection moulding.
In some embodiments, the first release layer and the second release layer are each selected from: polyamide, polyester or polytetrafluoroethylene coated glass fiber breathable cloth. According to the embodiment of the application, the stripping layers are arranged between the composite material and the vacuum bag and between the composite material and the mold, so that the composite material prepared by the fiber fabric reinforced composite material forming process is good in surface smoothness, easy to separate after forming, better in mechanical property and higher in quality.
In some embodiments, further comprising between the second release layer and the vacuum bag: and the isolating film and the flow guide net are sequentially arranged on the surface of the second demoulding layer.
In some embodiments, the release film is selected from: at least one of fluoroplastic film, polymethylpentene film and polyimide film. The isolating layer adopted in the embodiment of the application has good demolding performance and is used for isolating the middle layer without demolding effect, such as the diversion net.
In some embodiments, the flow-directing mesh is selected from: high density polyethylene and/or polyethylene. The flow guide nets adopted by the embodiment of the application have good three-dimensional structures, so that air and resin can conveniently circulate, injected resin can be dispersed and infiltrated into the whole conductive heating fiber fabric more quickly and uniformly, a reinforced composite material with better bonding performance is formed, and the production of large fiber fabric reinforced composite material parts is facilitated.
Specifically, in step S30, the sealed space is vacuumized and then filled with resin, so that the resin completely infiltrates the conductive heating fiber fabric, the conductive heating fiber fabric is electrified by the conductive adhesive, the resin is cured and molded by heating after the conductive heating fiber fabric is electrified, and the fiber fabric reinforced composite material is obtained after demolding. This application embodiment is through equipment such as vacuum pump to the evacuation of confined space, and close absolute vacuum degree in the confined space, then pour into the resin into again, the resin can be faster more even infiltration cladding conductive heating fiber fabric under the environment of low pressure vacuum degree, forms better combination in the confined space, then right through the conducting resin conductive heating fiber fabric circular telegram, evenly generate heat after the conductive heating fiber fabric circular telegram, make resin thermally equivalent solidification shaping, the solidification shaping is effectual, and the drawing of patterns obtains fiber fabric reinforcing composite.
In some embodiments, the step of energizing the conductive heat-generating fiber fabric through the conductive paste includes: and (3) passing a current of 0.1-0.6A through the conductive adhesive to the conductive heating fiber fabric, so that the conductive heating fiber fabric generates a heating temperature of 50-100 ℃. According to the embodiment of the application, the conductive adhesive is used for conducting the current of 0.1-0.6A to the conductive heating fiber fabric, the conductive heating fiber fabric is electrified to generate the heating temperature of 50-100 ℃, and the heating temperature can meet the curing requirement of subsequent resin, so that the curing and forming speed of the composite material is optimal, and the damage influence on other material layers such as resin can be avoided. If the electrified current is too large, the heat generation temperature is higher, the curing time is shorter, the uniformity of the curing and forming of the composite material is difficult to ensure, and the performance of the composite material and other materials is influenced by too high temperature. In some embodiments, the conductive heat emitting fiber fabric is subjected to a current of 0.1A, 0.2A, 0.3A, 0.4A, 0.5A, or 0.6A by the conductive paste to generate a heating temperature of 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, or 100 ℃. The curing time in the examples of the present application is not particularly limited as long as the resin can be completely cured to obtain a composite material. In some embodiments, the curing time may be 2 hours, 5 hours, 10 hours, 15 hours, or the like.
In some embodiments, after the resin completely soaks the conductive heating fiber fabric, the method further comprises the following steps: and applying pressure perpendicular to the conductive heating fiber fabric to the sealed space outside the vacuum bag, wherein the pressure is 1-25 MPa. After the resin is completely soaked in the conductive heating fiber fabric, the pressure perpendicular to the conductive heating fiber fabric is applied to the sealing space outside the vacuum bag, so that the resin is soaked and distributed more uniformly, the surface of the prepared composite material is smoother, and the performance of the composite material is better. If the applied pressure is too small, the wetting uniformity of the resin and the surface smoothness of the composite material are not well adjusted; if the applied pressure is too high, the composite film structure is easily damaged. In an embodiment, the conductive heat-generating fiber fabric is heated after being electrified so as to cure and mold the resin, and a pressure perpendicular to the conductive heat-generating fiber fabric is applied to the sealed space outside the vacuum bag, wherein the pressure is 1MPa, 5MPa, 10MPa, 15MPa, 20MPa or 25 MPa.
In some embodiments, the resin has a viscosity of 0.1 to 0.5 Pa-s. The resin with the viscosity of 0.1-0.5 Pa.s is adopted in the embodiment of the application, so that the resin can be rapidly and uniformly infiltrated into the conductive heating fiber fabric and can be better combined with the fiber, and the composite material of the resin and the conductive heating fiber fabric can be cured and molded. If the resin viscosity is too high, the flowability is poor, the resin is difficult to be uniformly combined with the fiber material, and pores and the like are easy to appear; if the viscosity is too low, the resin is difficult to mold. In some embodiments, the resin has a viscosity of 0.1Pa · s, 0.2Pa · s, 0.3Pa · s, 0.4Pa · s, or 0.5Pa · s.
In some embodiments, the resin is selected from: at least one of epoxy resin, unsaturated polyester resin, polyamide resin and vinyl resin. After the resin adopted in the embodiment of the application is cured and molded, the fiber fabric reinforced composite material has good physical and chemical properties such as mechanical property, chemical corrosion resistance and the like, and has good stability.
In some embodiments, the resin is at least one selected from the group consisting of epoxy resins, unsaturated polyester resins, polyamide resins, and vinyl resins having a viscosity of 0.1 to 0.5 Pa-s.
Correspondingly, the embodiment of the application also provides a fiber fabric reinforced composite material, which is prepared by the method of any one of the embodiments and comprises a conductive heating fiber fabric and resin for infiltrating and coating the conductive heating fiber fabric.
The fiber fabric reinforced composite material provided by the embodiment of the application takes the conductive heating fiber fabric as a reinforcement, and takes the resin as a matrix, so that the composite material has high mechanical strength, high specific rigidity, bending modulus not lower than 191GPa, good light weight effect, good thickness uniformity and smooth surface.
In order to make the above-mentioned details and operations of the present application clearly understood by those skilled in the art and to make the progress of the fiber fabric reinforced composite material and the method for preparing the same obvious, the above-mentioned technical solutions are illustrated by the following examples.
Example 1
A carbon nanotube fiber fabric reinforced composite material comprises the following preparation steps:
① obtaining a forming die, respectively placing a layer of carbon nanotube fabric and a layer of demoulding cloth on the forming die from bottom to top, arranging T-shaped conductive adhesive on two opposite sides of the carbon nanotube fabric, and connecting the conductive adhesive with an external power supply;
② laying demolding cloth, flow guide net, isolation film, vacuum bag, sealing, vacuumizing, introducing epoxy resin system to make the resin fully infiltrate the fiber fabric, and applying 1MPa pressure to the whole body by press;
③ and passing 0.6A current through the carbon nanotube fabric, the temperature is about 100 ℃, the curing time is 2 hours, and the carbon nanotube fabric reinforced composite material with flat surface and uniform resin distribution is obtained after demoulding.
Example 2
A carbon nanotube fiber fabric reinforced composite material comprises the following preparation steps:
① obtaining a forming die, respectively placing demoulding cloth and two layers of carbon nanotube fiber fabrics on the forming die from bottom to top, arranging T-shaped conductive adhesives on two opposite sides of the carbon nanotube fiber fabrics, and connecting the conductive adhesives with an external power supply;
② laying demolding cloth, flow guide net, isolation film, vacuum bag, sealing, vacuumizing, introducing epoxy resin system to make the resin fully infiltrate the fiber fabric, and applying 5MPa pressure to the whole body by press;
③ and passing 0.2A current through the carbon nanotube fabric, the temperature is about 80 ℃, the curing time is 8 hours, and the carbon nanotube fabric reinforced composite material with flat surface and uniform resin distribution is obtained after demoulding.
Example 3
A carbon fiber cloth reinforced composite material comprises the following preparation steps:
① obtaining a forming die, respectively placing a demoulding cloth and a layer of carbon fiber cloth on the forming die from bottom to top, arranging T-shaped conductive adhesive on two opposite sides of the carbon fiber cloth, and connecting the conductive adhesive with an external power supply;
② laying demolding cloth, flow guide net, isolation film, vacuum bag, sealing, vacuumizing, introducing epoxy resin system to make the resin fully infiltrate the fiber fabric, and applying 1MPa pressure to the whole body by press;
③ and passing a current of 0.1A to the carbon fiber cloth, the temperature is about 60 ℃, the curing time is 15 hours, and the carbon fiber cloth reinforced composite material with flat surface and uniform resin distribution is obtained after demoulding.
Example 4
A graphene fiber fabric reinforced composite material comprises the following preparation steps:
①, obtaining a forming die, respectively placing demolding cloth and a layer of graphene fiber fabric on the forming die from bottom to top, arranging T-shaped conductive adhesives on two opposite sides of the graphene fiber fabric, and connecting the conductive adhesives with an external power supply;
② laying demolding cloth, flow guide net, isolation film, vacuum bag, sealing, vacuumizing, introducing epoxy resin system to make the resin fully infiltrate the fiber fabric, and applying 10MPa pressure to the whole body by press;
③ and introducing a current of 0.4A to the graphene fiber fabric, wherein the temperature is about 80 ℃, the curing time is 2 hours, and the graphene fiber fabric reinforced composite material with flat surface and uniform resin distribution is obtained after demoulding.
Example 5
A reinforced composite material of carbon nanotube fiber fabric and carbon fiber cloth comprises the following preparation steps:
① obtaining a forming die, respectively placing a demoulding cloth, a layer of carbon nanotube fabric and a layer of carbon fiber cloth on the forming die from bottom to top, arranging T-shaped conductive adhesive on two opposite sides of the carbon nanotube fabric and the carbon fiber cloth, and connecting the conductive adhesive with an external power supply;
② laying demolding cloth, flow guide net, isolation film, vacuum bag, sealing, vacuumizing, introducing epoxy resin system to make the resin fully infiltrate the fiber fabric, and applying 25MPa pressure to the whole body by press;
③ and passing 0.4A current through the carbon nanotube fabric and the carbon fiber cloth, the temperature is about 80 ℃, the curing time is 2 hours, and the reinforced composite material of the carbon nanotube fabric and the carbon fiber cloth with flat surface and uniform resin distribution is obtained after demoulding.
Comparative example 1
A carbon nanotube fiber fabric reinforced composite material comprises the following preparation steps:
① obtaining a forming die, respectively placing a layer of carbon nanotube fabric and a layer of demoulding cloth on the forming die from bottom to top, arranging T-shaped conductive adhesive on two opposite sides of the carbon nanotube fabric, and connecting the conductive adhesive with an external power supply;
② spreading demolding cloth, flow guide net, isolation film, vacuum bag, sealing, vacuumizing, and introducing epoxy resin system to make the resin fully infiltrate the fiber fabric;
③ and passing 0.6A current through the carbon nanotube fabric, the temperature is about 100 ℃, the curing time is 2 hours, and the carbon nanotube fabric reinforced composite material with flat surface and uniform resin distribution is obtained after demoulding.
Comparative example 2
A carbon nanotube fiber fabric reinforced composite material comprises the following preparation steps:
① obtaining a forming die, respectively placing a layer of carbon nanotube fabric and a layer of demoulding cloth on the forming die from bottom to top, arranging T-shaped conductive adhesive on two opposite sides of the carbon nanotube fabric, and connecting the conductive adhesive with an external power supply;
② laying demolding cloth, flow guide net, isolation film, vacuum bag, sealing, vacuumizing, introducing epoxy resin system to make the resin fully infiltrate the fiber fabric, and applying 1MPa pressure to the whole body by press;
③ placing vacuum bag in oven, heating at 100 deg.C, curing for 2 hr, and demolding to obtain carbon nanotube fiber fabric reinforced composite material with flat surface and uniformly distributed resin.
In order to verify the advancement of the composite materials prepared in examples 1 to 4 of the present application, the present application performed thickness uniformity tests on the composite materials prepared in examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 2, taken any three points of each composite material for thickness measurement, and calculated the respective average thickness and standard deviation value, and the test results are shown in table 1 below:
TABLE 1
From the test results, it can be seen that, compared with the composite materials prepared by non-pressurizing the composite material of comparative example 1 and oven-curing the composite material of comparative example 2, the composite material prepared by the embodiment of the present invention has better thickness consistency because internal electric heating and certain pressure are applied, so that the heating and pressurizing are more uniform.
The flexural modulus of the composite materials prepared in examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-2 is tested at room temperature by adopting an electronic universal tester according to a standard ASTM D790 three-point load simple beam method, and the test results are shown in the following table 2:
TABLE 2
According to the test results, the composite material prepared by the embodiment of the application has the advantages that the external pressure application and the internal heating are combined, so that the resin can better infiltrate the fiber fabric, and the mechanical property is improved.
The above are merely alternative embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and changes may occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement or the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (16)
1. A preparation method of a fiber fabric reinforced composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of obtaining a mold, sequentially arranging a first demolding layer and a conductive heating fiber fabric which can conduct self-heating after being conducted on the surface of the mold, arranging conductive glue on two opposite side edges of the conductive heating fiber fabric, and communicating the conductive glue with an external power supply;
arranging a second demolding layer on the surface, away from the first demolding layer, of the conductive heating fiber fabric, then arranging a vacuum bag on the surface, away from the conductive heating fiber fabric, of the second demolding layer, bonding the vacuum bag and the mold through a sealing rubber strip to form a sealed space, and wrapping the first demolding layer, the conductive heating fiber fabric and the second demolding layer which are sequentially stacked in the sealed space;
and vacuumizing the sealed space, injecting resin to enable the resin to completely soak the conductive heating fiber fabric, electrifying the conductive heating fiber fabric through the conductive adhesive, carrying out self-heating after the conductive heating fiber fabric is electrified to enable the resin to be cured and molded, and demoulding to obtain the fiber fabric reinforced composite material.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of disposing conductive adhesive on opposite sides of the conductive heat-generating fiber fabric comprises: and T-shaped conductive adhesives are arranged on two opposite side edges of the conductive heating fiber fabric and are communicated with an external power supply through the T-shaped conductive adhesives, so that the conductive heating fiber fabric is connected with the external power supply through the T-shaped conductive adhesives on the two opposite side edges.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the step of energizing the conductive heat-generating fiber fabric through the conductive adhesive comprises: and (3) passing a current of 0.1-0.6A through the conductive adhesive to the conductive heating fiber fabric, so that the conductive heating fiber fabric generates a heating temperature of 50-100 ℃.
4. A method of producing a fibre-fabric-reinforced composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein before the step of providing the first release layer on the mould surface, the method further comprises the steps of: depositing a release agent on the surface of the mold.
5. The method of making a fiber fabric reinforced composite of claim 4, further comprising, between the second release layer and the vacuum bag: and the isolating film and the flow guide net are sequentially arranged on the surface of the second demoulding layer.
6. The method for preparing the fiber fabric reinforced composite material as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 or 5, wherein after the resin is completely impregnated into the conductive heating fiber fabric, the method further comprises the steps of: and applying pressure perpendicular to the conductive heating fiber fabric to the sealed space outside the vacuum bag, wherein the pressure is 1-25 MPa.
7. The method of preparing a fiber fabric reinforced composite of claim 4, wherein the release agent is selected from the group consisting of: at least one of a silicon-based release agent, a wax-based release agent, a fluorine-based release agent, a surface-active release agent, and a polyether-based release agent.
8. The method of making a fiber fabric reinforced composite of claim 5, wherein the release film is selected from the group consisting of: at least one of fluoroplastic film, polymethylpentene film and polyimide film.
9. The method of claim 5, wherein the flow-directing web is selected from the group consisting of: high density polyethylene and/or polyethylene.
10. The method for preparing the fiber fabric reinforced composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, 5 or 7 to 9, wherein the conductive heating fiber fabric comprises: at least one of carbon nanotube fiber fabric, carbon fiber fabric, and graphene fiber fabric.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the conductive heat-generating fiber fabric has a texture selected from the group consisting of: at least one of plain, twill or satin.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the resin has a viscosity of 0.1 to 0.5 Pa-s.
13. A method of producing a fibre fabric reinforced composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, 5, 7 to 9, 11 or 12, wherein the resin is selected from: at least one of epoxy resin, unsaturated polyester resin, polyamide resin and vinyl resin.
14. The method of preparing a fiber fabric reinforced composite of claim 13, wherein the first release layer and the second release layer are each selected from the group consisting of: polyamide, polyester or polytetrafluoroethylene coated glass fiber breathable cloth.
15. A fiber fabric reinforced composite material, which is prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 14, and comprises a conductive heating fiber fabric and a resin for infiltrating and coating the conductive heating fiber fabric.
16. The fiber fabric reinforced composite of claim 15, wherein the fiber fabric reinforced composite has a flexural modulus of not less than 191 GPa.
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