CN103770341A - Processing system for carbon fiber reinforced composite material and controllable carbon fiber self-heating method adopting liquid molding technology - Google Patents
Processing system for carbon fiber reinforced composite material and controllable carbon fiber self-heating method adopting liquid molding technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN103770341A CN103770341A CN201410018321.4A CN201410018321A CN103770341A CN 103770341 A CN103770341 A CN 103770341A CN 201410018321 A CN201410018321 A CN 201410018321A CN 103770341 A CN103770341 A CN 103770341A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/30—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
- B29C70/36—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and impregnating by casting, e.g. vacuum casting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/54—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations, e.g. feeding or storage of prepregs or SMC after impregnation or during ageing
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Abstract
The invention discloses a processing system for a carbon fiber reinforced composite material and a controllable carbon fiber self-heating method adopting a liquid molding technology. The processing system comprises a vacuum bag encapsulation system, a positive foil electrode, a negative foil electrode, a low-voltage regulator, a program control temperature regulator and a temperature sensor, wherein the positive foil electrode and the negative foil electrode are arranged at two ends of a continuous carbon fiber; the continuous carbon fiber is arranged in a vacuum bag; the low-voltage regulator supplies heat to the continuous carbon fiber; the heat is controlled by the program control temperature regulator. The quick carbon fiber self-heating method adopting the liquid molding technology, which is disclosed by the invention, can realize quick heating of a carbon fiber spreading layer; a program controllable quick heating method is supplied to the liquid molding technology and other carbon fiber reinforced component material molding technologies, so that the heating time and the cooling time in a composite material molding process are greatly shortened, and a technical support is supplied to quick molding of the carbon fiber reinforced composite material.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of building mortion and method of fibre reinforced composites, more particularly, refer to a kind of shaping and device thereof that adopts vacuum bag pressure and the combined method that loads electrode to carry out fibre reinforced composites, fabric has been realized fiber from heating under the condition that loads positive and negative electrode.
Background technology
In July, 2009, " the composite handbook " that Chemical Industry Press publishes, the chief editors such as beneficial little Su.The 314th page of Fig. 6 .2-50 introduced vacuum bag pressure method.Vacuum bag pressure method, this method is by uncured goods good manual lay, adds lid layer vacuum bag film, and goods are between vacuum bag film and mould, and seal perimeter, vacuumizes the bubble and the volatile matter that make in goods and gets rid of.
Curing in advanced composite material is the critical stage that in forming process, material property transforms, and generally needs higher solidification temperature and longer cure cycle.Traditional heating means are all to utilize heat conducting principle, provide thermal source by outside, by outer and inner fibre reinforced materials is conducted to heating.The deficiency of this heating means is:
The one,, heating rate is low, arrives the heating-up time that target temperature need to be longer, has increased manufacturing cost.
The 2nd,, conduction heating can cause by outer and interior thermograde, and especially, for thick cross section composite, the thermograde on thickness direction is more obvious.Temperature inequality on this thickness direction, adds the curing reaction heat release of resin matrix, first causes solidification process to be difficult to control, and secondly very easily causes solidifying inhomogeneous, seriously reduces the Forming Quality of composite, even moulding failure.
The 3rd,, capacity usage ratio is low, causes energy dissipation.
Therefore, develop new heating technique, shorten the heat time, improve capacity usage ratio, for the molding cycle that shortens composite, reduce manufacturing cost, and then promote the scale application of advanced composite material, all significant.
In Chinese Patent Application No. 200310113547.4, November 17 2003 applying date, denomination of invention " the self-resistance hot briquetting method of carbon fibre reinforced composite ".The self-resistance that discloses a kind of conductive carbon, graphite fibre enhancing polymer matrix composites in this patent application heats the self-resistance heating welding of rapid-result type and fibre-reinforced thermoplastic composite or the method for repairing.Its technical solution is, according to the general moulding process of composite, by the prepreg overlay of continuous carbon fibre composite material, put in press, difference installing insulating layer between the upper and lower table top of press and prepreg, between insulating barrier and prepreg, add loading electrode, form the conductive channel take prepreg as resistance.Then connect AC power, adjust voltage, make current value progressively reach predetermined value, wherein current flux is generally 0.02A/mm
2, pressure-acting approximately 3～5 minutes.According to the general moulding process of composite, cooling again, the demoulding, both plastic composite.In the time of the composite of the different special shapes of moulding, prepreg is spread in corresponding metal die, between the upper and lower plane of metal die and press table top, install insulating barrier additional, the upper and lower plane of metal die is connected with AC power as electrode.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problem existing in current advanced composite material solidification process, one of object of the present invention is to provide a kind of vacuum bag pressure method and system of processing of preparing fibre reinforced composites that loads electrode combination of adopting, this system is in vacuum bag compression mould, increase paper tinsel positive and negative electrode, resin perfusion cannula and vacuumize conduit, instructing low pressure modulator to carry out fiber by programed temperature modulator is cured from heating, fiber Fast Heating, heating rate is controlled, and carbon fibre reinforced composite forming process is simple to operation.
Two of object of the present invention is a kind of vacuum bag pressure method and carbon fiber self-heating methods that load electrode combination of adopting of proposition, and the method adopts paper tinsel positive and negative electrode to realize the heating certainly fast of fiber in liquid forming process, can shorten hardening time and cool time.
The present invention is a kind of controllable carbon fiber self-heating method that adopts liquid molding process, it is characterized in that including the following step:
Step 1: conducting fibre fabric is cut out preparation;
Conducting fibre fabric can be the carbon back continuous-filament woven fabric with conductive capability;
Step 2: vacuum bag pressure method is prepared with mould;
Mold cleaning, clears up mould inner surface smooth, then cleans with analyzing pure grade acetone, after acetone volatilization, obtains the mould of surfacing cleaning;
Step 3: priming by vacuum is prepared with resin raw material;
In the resin host of 100 weight portions, add the curing agent of 0～20 weight portion, the diluent of 0～20 weight portion, promoter, the initator of 0～4 weight portion and the catalyst of 0～10 weight portion of 0～3 weight portion; Then be to be uniformly mixed under 20～200 ℃ of conditions in temperature, be then under 0.05～0.09MPa, vacuumize and process after 10～60min at vacuum pressure, obtain priming by vacuum resin raw material;
Resin host is thermosetting resin or thermoplastic resin;
Thermosetting resin can be epoxy resin, unsaturated polyester resin, cyanate ester resin etc.; Thermoplastic resin can be polyurethane, nylon, cyclic polyester;
Step 4: fabric and positive and negative foil electrode laying;
On step 2 mould after treatment, carrying out lay down fibre fabric according to fabric ply sequence, and according to positive and negative foil electrode lay mode, foil electrode is being set;
Step 5: the perfusion resin while vacuumizing;
Open vavuum pump, vacuumize 1～2min, then venting, repeats to vacuumize venting 5～20 times;
Open resin raw material perfusion valve, by-pass valve control flow velocity;
Perfusion resin under the condition that vacuumizes 0.05～0.09MPa;
Step 6: load low-voltage and high-current and carry out the preparation from heating fibre reinforced composites product;
Opening program control temperature regulator, after low-voltage modulator, the voltage that is no more than 50V of exporting from described low-voltage modulator and the current load that is no more than 300A, on positive and negative foil electrode, conduct electricity by continuous-filament woven fabric, reach fiber from being heating and curing resin.
The system of processing of carbon fibre reinforced composite of the present invention, this system is the laying of carrying out continuous-filament woven fabric in vacuum bag encapsulating mould (1), in the time of lay down fibre fabric process, at the two ends of continuous-filament woven fabric, positive and negative foil electrode (2) is spread; Then place resin duct (73) in one end of the fabric of completing, the other end is placed and is vacuumized conduit (71);
In order to measure the temperature of fabric heating, in the fabric of completing, be inserted with temperature sensor (3), temperature sensor (3) is connected with programed temperature modulator (5), and programed temperature modulator (5) is according to the real time temperature K of temperature sensor (3) Real-time Collection
in real timewith design temperature K
setcompare, as real time temperature K
in real timehigher than design temperature K
settime, output voltage signal U
ingive low pressure modulator (4), low pressure modulator (4) is stopped positive and negative foil electrode power output;
In order to carry out the output power of low pressure modulator (4) according to the heating-up temperature curve of programed temperature modulator (5) setting, after system of processing is ready to complete, programed temperature modulator (5) is first exported starting voltage signal D
intrigger low pressure modulator (4) and enter duty.
The advantage that the present invention prepares the system of fibre reinforced composites is:
1. system of the present invention, by set up temperature control, low voltage control and loading electrode in existing vacuum bag pressing system, has reduced the cost of making fibre reinforced composites, has shortened fabrication cycle.
2. resin is in solidification process compared with traditional baking oven, and the present invention heats under normal temperature environment, in cooling process, is also simultaneously naturally cooling under normal temperature, and both processing environments are different.
3. the operating voltage that loads low pressure modulator by adjustment changes heating rate, and the speed of heating can be adjusted according to the needs of moulding.
4. compared with traditional heating method, the inventive method has the heating of the low-voltage of employing, handling safety, the advantage such as energy-saving and cost-reducing.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of system of processing of the present invention.
Figure 1A is the base plate schematic diagram of vacuum bag encapsulating mould.
Figure 1B is the structure chart that vacuumizes conduit in the present invention.
Fig. 1 C is the structure chart of resin duct in the present invention.
Fig. 2 be the present invention on vacuum bag encapsulating mould lay continuous-filament woven fabric, the first kind of way structure chart of foil electrode is set.
Fig. 2 A be the present invention on vacuum bag encapsulating mould lay continuous-filament woven fabric, the second way structure chart of foil electrode is set.
Fig. 2 B be the present invention on vacuum bag encapsulating mould lay continuous-filament woven fabric, the third mode structure chart of foil electrode is set.
Fig. 2 C be the present invention on vacuum bag encapsulating mould lay continuous-filament woven fabric, the 4th kind of mode structure chart of foil electrode is set.
Fig. 3 is the lay mode schematic diagram of fabric of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the heating-up temperature curve map arranging in programed temperature modulator of the present invention.
Fig. 5 be in embodiment 1 on vacuum bag encapsulating mould lay continuous-filament woven fabric, the structure chart of foil electrode is set.
Fig. 6 be in embodiment 2 on vacuum bag encapsulating mould lay continuous-filament woven fabric, the structure chart of foil electrode is set.
| 1. vacuum |
2. positive and negative foil electrode group | The positive foil electrode of 2A. |
| 2B. bears foil electrode | The positive foil electrode of 2A1. first | The negative foil electrode of 2B1. first |
| The positive foil electrode of 2A2. second | The negative foil electrode of 2B2. second | The positive foil electrode of 2A3. the 3rd |
| 2B3. the 3rd negative foil electrode | The positive foil electrode of 2A4. the 4th | 2B4. the 4th negative foil electrode |
| The positive foil electrode of 2A5. the 5th | 2B5. the 5th negative foil electrode | 3. |
| 4. |
5. |
6. the container of filling |
| 61. |
62. |
71. |
| 72. first through holes | 73. |
74. second through |
| 8. |
81. |
82. first valves |
| 9. conductive fiber fabric | 9A. the first |
9B. the second |
| 9C. the 3rd |
9D. the 4th |
9E. the 5th |
| 9F. the 6th |
9G. the 7th |
9H. the 8th |
| 9J. the 9th conductive fiber fabric | ? | ? |
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in further detail.
Shown in Figure 1, the present invention is a kind of system of processing that adopts vacuum bag pressure method and load the carbon fibre reinforced composite of electrode combination, and this system is on the basis of vacuum bag pressing formation equipment, to increase low pressure modulator 4, programed temperature modulator 5 and paper tinsel positive and negative electrode group 2.
Carbon fibre reinforced composite system of processing of the present invention, this system is the laying of carrying out continuous-filament woven fabric in vacuum bag encapsulating mould 1, in the time of lay down fibre fabric process, at the two ends of continuous-filament woven fabric, positive and negative foil electrode 2 is spread; Then place resin duct 73 in one end of the fabric of completing, the other end is placed and is vacuumized conduit 71; In order to measure the temperature of fabric heating, in the fabric of completing, be inserted with temperature sensor 3, temperature sensor 3 is connected with programed temperature modulator 5, and programed temperature modulator 5 is according to the real time temperature K of temperature sensor 3 Real-time Collections
in real timewith design temperature K
setcompare, as real time temperature K
in real timehigher than design temperature K
settime, output voltage signal U
ingive low pressure modulator 4, low pressure modulator 4 is stopped positive and negative foil electrode power output.For the heating-up temperature curve of setting according to programed temperature modulator 5 carries out the output power of low pressure modulator 4, after system of processing is ready to complete, programed temperature modulator 5 is first exported starting voltage signal D
intrigger low pressure modulator 4 and enter duty.Described starting voltage signal D
inwith design temperature K
setbe correlated with.
Carbon fibre reinforced composite system of processing of the present invention, this system include vacuum bag encapsulating mould 1, vavuum pump 8, filling resin container 6, programed temperature modulator 5, low pressure modulator 4, temperature sensor 3, positive and negative foil electrode group 2, vacuumize conduit 71 and resin duct 73; Vacuumize conduit 71 and be connected with vavuum pump 8 by the first tube connector 81, and be provided with the second valve 82 on the first tube connector 81; Resin duct 73 is connected with the container 6 of filling resin by the second tube connector 61, and is provided with the first valve 62 on the second tube connector 61; Temperature sensor 3 is connected with programed temperature modulator 5, and positive and negative foil electrode group 2 is connected with low pressure modulator 4, and programed temperature modulator 5 is connected with low pressure modulator 4.Continuous-filament woven fabric is laid in vacuum bag encapsulating mould 1.
Vacuum bag encapsulating mould 1
Vacuum bag encapsulating mould 1 is for the auxiliary fabric of putting.
In the present invention, vacuum bag encapsulating mould 1 is the common die in conventional composite processing.
Referring to the schematic diagram of the flat plate mold shown in Figure 1A, this figure is the die drawing of using in the 314th page of Fig. 6 .2-50 of " composite handbook ".The lay mode of positive and negative foil electrode group 2 and conductive fiber fabric for convenience of description, the thickness direction of mould is designated as Z, and the length direction of mould is designated as X, and the width of mould is designated as Y.One end of mould is called A end, and the other end of mould is called B hold under the coordinate system O-XYZ of mould, vacuumizes conduit 71 and be arranged on the A end of mould, and resin duct 73 is arranged on the B end of mould, vacuumizes conduit 71 and resin duct 73 and be oppositely arranged on the two ends of mould.
Shown in Fig. 1, Figure 1B, vacuumize conduit 71 and be provided with the first through hole 72, this first through hole 72, under the condition of negative pressure providing at vavuum pump 8, is got rid of the air in mould.The conduit 71 that vacuumizes with the first through hole 72 is inserted in mould, and the other end that vacuumizes conduit 71 is connected with the first tube connector 81, the first tube connector 81 is provided with the first valve 82, and this first valve 82 is for opening or closing vacuum gas, and the other end of the first tube connector 81 is connected on vavuum pump 8.
Shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 1 C, resin duct 73 is provided with the second through hole 74, and this second through hole 74 is under the condition of negative pressure providing at vavuum pump 8, and the resin in the container 6 of filling resin is flowed out.Resin duct 73 with the second through hole 74 is inserted in vacuum bag, and the other end of resin duct 74 is connected with the second tube connector 61, the second tube connector 61 is provided with the second valve 62, this second valve 62 flows out for opening or close resin, and the other end of the second tube connector 61 is connected on the container 6 of filling resin.
In the present invention, the negative pressure producing by vavuum pump 8 and the combination that vacuumizes conduit 71 and resin duct 73, provide the mobile direction that flows out resin from the container 6 of filling resin, is conducive to the perfusion resin while vacuumizing.
Positive and negative foil electrode group
Positive and negative foil electrode group is laid in the two ends of continuous-filament woven fabric 9 relatively, and the mode of positive and negative foil electrode group lay has with layer lay and interval lay.The fiber that continuous-filament woven fabric 9 refers in fabric does not disconnect, continuous fiber be conducive to conduction.
Positive and negative foil electrode group is used for making fabric 9 to conduct electricity, and the fabric after conduction self produces heat under the condition that loads large electric current, and this heat impels resin generation chemical crosslink reaction.The heat that the heat that resin solidification needs produces from fiber self electrical heating, and the required heat of resin solidification all comes from fiber other thermal source in addition conventionally, therefore the fiber in this patent self electrical heating is called from heating.
Positive and negative foil electrode group 2 can be selected gold-foil electrode, silver foil electrode, copper foil electrode, foil electrode and gold, silver, copper, aluminium grid electrode.The size of electrode 2: the long A that is designated as
electrode, the wide B that is designated as
electrode, height is designated as C
electrode.Usually, C
electrode=0.1mm, A
electrode=10B
electrode～20B
electrode.A
electrodeequal B
product.
In the present invention, electrode 2 is positive and negative being used in conjunction with.The radical of required positive and negative electrode 2 is relevant to the number of plies that additionally arranges fabric.If the number of plies of fabric is designated as the radical of n, required positive and negative electrode 2 and is designated as D, D=α × n, α is electrode loading coefficient, and α=0.3～0.5,
ρ represents the volume density of fiber, ρ
facerepresent the surface density of fabric, V
frepresent the volume fraction of fibre reinforced composites, C
finished productrepresent the thickness of fibre reinforced composites.
The paving mode of positive and negative foil electrode group 2:
Shown in Figure 2, with the positive and negative foil electrode group of layer lay; Be the Y direction lay of conductive fiber fabric 9 along mould, positive foil electrode 2A is laid in one end (being mould A end) of conductive fiber fabric 9, and negative foil electrode 2B is laid in the other end (being mould B end) of conductive fiber fabric 9.
Shown in Fig. 2 A, with the positive and negative foil electrode group of layer lay; Be the Y direction lay of conductive fiber fabric 9 along mould, positive foil electrode 2A is laid in one end (being mould A end) of conductive fiber fabric 9, and negative foil electrode 2B is laid in the other end (being mould B end) of conductive fiber fabric 9; The first conductive fiber fabric 9A is along the Y direction lay of mould, and the first positive foil electrode 2A1 is laid in one end (being mould A end) of the first conductive fiber fabric 9A, and the first negative foil electrode 2B1 is laid in the other end (being mould B end) of the first conductive fiber fabric 9A.
Shown in Fig. 2 B, the positive and negative foil electrode group of interval lay; The second conductive fiber fabric 9B is along the Y direction lay of mould, and the second positive foil electrode 2A2 is laid in one end (being mould A end) of the second conductive fiber fabric 9B; The 3rd conductive fiber fabric 9C is along the Y direction lay of mould, and the second negative foil electrode 2B2 is laid in the other end (being mould B end) of the 3rd conductive fiber fabric 9C; The 4th conductive fiber fabric 9D is along the Y direction lay of mould, and the 3rd positive foil electrode 2A3 is laid in one end (being mould A end) of the 4th conductive fiber fabric 9D; The 5th conductive fiber fabric 9E is along the Y direction lay of mould, and the 3rd negative foil electrode 2B3 is laid in the other end (being mould B end) of the 5th conductive fiber fabric 9E.
Shown in Fig. 2 C, the positive and negative foil electrode group of interval lay; The 6th conductive fiber fabric 9F is along the Y direction lay of mould, the 4th positive foil electrode 2A4 is laid in one end (being mould A end) of the 6th conductive fiber fabric 9F, and the 4th negative foil electrode 2B4 is laid in the other end (being mould B end) of the 6th conductive fiber fabric 9F; The 7th conductive fiber fabric 9G is along the Y direction lay of mould, the 8th conductive fiber fabric 9H is along the Y direction lay of mould, the 9th conductive fiber fabric 9J is along the Y direction lay of mould, the 5th positive foil electrode 2A5 is laid in one end (being mould A end) of the 9th conductive fiber fabric 9J, and the 5th negative foil electrode 2B5 is laid in the other end (being mould B end) of the 9th conductive fiber fabric 9J.
In the present invention, positive and negative foil electrode is arranged on the continuous-filament woven fabric two ends after laying, can guarantee fabric to carry out homogeneous heating, simultaneously the different modes of emplacements of positive and negative foil electrode can guarantee every one deck fabric in vacuum bag can and electrode contact.
In order to guarantee that the fiber in conductive fiber fabric 9 can conduct electricity, the fiber in conductive fiber fabric 9 is successional.
The lay mode of conductive fiber fabric 9:
Conductive fiber fabric can be one-way fabric, plain cloth, twills, satin fabric, WARP-KNITTING etc.
Shown in Figure 3, the laying of conductive fiber fabric can be quasi-isotropic laying [0/90/ ± 45]
s, s represents with middle symmetry, with reference to May in 2004 the 1st edition, " advanced composite material manufacturing technology " the 11st page of Fig. 1 .9 that Li Hongyun etc. translate.
The laying of conductive fiber fabric can be orthogonal laying [0/90]
n, n represents the quantity of sub-laying.The laying of conductive fiber fabric can be unidirectional laying [0]
n.
Temperature sensor 3
Temperature sensor 3, for gathering the temperature change value of fabric, is designated as real time temperature K
in real time.
Temperature sensor 3 is placed in the auxiliary layer of fabric.
In the present invention, temperature sensor 3 is selected thermocouple.
In the present invention, in programed temperature modulator 5, pass through design temperature K
threshold value(ordinate) controls with the heat time (abscissa) power that low pressure modulator 4 is exported, as shown in Figure 4.The temperature showing in Fig. 4 and heat time curve, only for multistage heating rate is described, and in the temperature retention time relation arriving under uniform temperature.
In the present invention, by design temperature K
threshold valuethe voltage and current of heating rate control output.Described heating rate comprises first paragraph heating rate and second segment heating rate.First paragraph heating rate is 0.4 ℃/s～1.0 ℃/s, and second segment heating rate is 0.3 ℃/s～0.8 ℃/s.
In the present invention, programed temperature modulator 5 is selected the AI-518/519 serial universal artificial intelligence temperature controller that Xiamen space electric automation Science and Technology Ltd. produces.
The power input of low pressure modulator 4 is the civil power of 220V, 50A, and the power of low pressure modulator 4 outputs is that voltage is no more than 50V and electric current is no more than 300A.Civil power converts low-voltage and high-current to through low pressure modulator 4 and is loaded in positive and negative paper tinsel (grid) electrode group 2.Low pressure modulator 4 receives starting voltage signal D
inafter enter duty, and the power output of low pressure modulator 4 is according to design temperature K
setcarry out with heat time curve.
In the present invention, low-voltage modulator 4 is carried in that voltage on positive and negative paper tinsel (grid) electrode 2 is designated as U, electric current is designated as I, and U is no more than 50V and I is no more than 300A.
In the present invention, low pressure modulator 4 is selected the MMT-DC24RT50BL model low pressure controller that subelectron scientific & technical corporation of Jinan section produces.
The present invention adopts the controllable carbon fiber self-heating method of liquid molding process
The vacuum bag pressure method of application the present invention design and the method that the fibre reinforced composites that load electrode combination carry out product processing from heating system of processing, comprise the following steps:
Step 1: conducting fibre fabric is cut out preparation;
Conducting fibre fabric can be the carbon back continuous-filament woven fabric with conductive capability.
Particularly, conducting fibre fabric can be carbon fibre fabric, graphite fiber fabric, carbon nano-tube fibre fabric and composite fibre fabric.
Composite fibre fabric can be that carbon fiber accounts for the fabric that the carbon fiber of 1～99% weight portion mixes with graphite fibre.
Composite fibre fabric can be that carbon fiber accounts for the fabric that the carbon fiber of 1～99% weight portion mixes with carbon nano-tube fibre.
Composite fibre fabric can be that carbon fiber accounts for the fabric that the carbon fiber of 1～99% weight portion mixes with glass fibre.
The concrete model of carbon fiber is T300 grade carbon fiber, T700 grade carbon fiber, T800 grade carbon fiber, T1000 grade carbon fiber or other carbon fiber trade mark.
The concrete model of graphite fibre can be M40, M40J, M55J, M60J or other carbon fiber trade mark.
In the present invention, form of fabric can be one-way fabric, plain cloth, twills, satin fabric, WARP-KNITTING.
In the present invention, the fiber in the fabric between two positive and negative electrodes is continuous.
Step 2: vacuum bag pressure method is prepared with mould;
Mold cleaning, clears up mould inner surface smooth, then cleans with analyzing pure grade acetone, after acetone volatilization, obtains the mould of surfacing cleaning;
Mould coating release agent is evenly coated releasing agent on the mould of surfacing cleaning, obtains the mould of releasing agent;
Releasing agent can be DL-T01, DL-Q01, DL-G01, DL-B01 or other releasing agent.
Step 3: priming by vacuum is prepared with resin raw material;
In the resin matrix of 100 weight portions, can add the curing agent of 0～20 weight portion, the diluent of 0～20 weight portion, the promoter of 0～3 weight portion, the initator of 0～4 weight portion, the catalyst of 0～10 weight portion;
Resin host is thermosetting resin or thermoplastic resin; Thermosetting resin can be epoxy resin, unsaturated polyester resin, cyanate ester resin etc.; Thermoplastic resin can be polyurethane, nylon, cyclic polyester.
Epoxy resin can be E51 type epoxy resin, E44 type epoxy resin, E20 type epoxy resin, AG80 type epoxy resin, TDE85 type epoxy resin etc.
Resin system includes epoxy resin-base, curing agent, diluent, promoter; The resin adhesive liquid of 100 weight portions needs 75～85 parts by weight resin hosts, 5～8 weight portion curing agent, 5～20 parts by weight diluent, 1～3 weight portion promoter.Curing agent can be amine curing agent, acid anhydride type curing agent, imidazole curing agent, metal complex type curing agent.Diluent can be active glycidol ether type organic and low-molecular-weight epoxy resin.Promoter can be tertiary amine and derivative thereof, quaternary ammonium salt, replacement urea, imidazole and its derivants.
Unsaturated polyester (UP) can be adjacent benzene type, metaphenylene, p-phenyl, bisphenol A-type, vinyl esters type.Initator can be benzoyl peroxide-tertiary amine system, cyclohexanone peroxide-cobalt naphthenate system, and promoter can be cobalt naphthenate, cobalt iso-octoate, manganese naphthenate, manganese iso-octoate, dimethyl benzylamine, diethyl benzylamine.
Cyanate ester resin can be bisphenol A cyanate ester resin, Novolac Cyanate Ester Resins.Catalyst can be the compound containing active hydrogen such as phenols (conventional nonyl phenol), amine (conventional triethylamine) and imidazoles.Also can be AlCl
3, BF
3, FeCl
3deng transition metal organometallic compound.
Polyurethane can be dual-component polyurethane, monocomponent polyurethane.
Nylon can be nylon 66, nylon 1010, nylon 1212.
Cyclic polyester can be CBT160 cyclic polyester and CBT500 cyclic polyester.
In the present invention, the preparation temperature of epoxy resin, unsaturated polyester (UP), cyanate ester resin, polyurethane and nylon glue glue is 20～200 ℃, is uniformly mixed and obtains the first resin adhesive liquid; Then described the first resin adhesive liquid is vacuumized, vacuum pressure is 0.05～0.09MPa, pumpdown time 10～60min, obtains the second resin adhesive liquid.
It is the bubble producing under stirring in the first resin adhesive liquid in order to get rid of that the first resin adhesive liquid mixing is vacuumized.Vacuumize bubble removing the second resin adhesive liquid after treatment and be conducive to the good infiltration to fiber in resin filling process, make the porosity of the fibre reinforced composites finished product making lower.
Step 4: fabric and positive and negative foil electrode laying;
On step 2 mould after treatment, carrying out lay fabric according to fabric ply sequence, and according to electrode lay mode, electrode is being set, according to the finished product thickness C of required lay
productthe fiber number of plies is set.
Conductive fiber fabric can be one-way fabric, plain cloth, twills, satin fabric, WARP-KNITTING.
Shown in Figure 3, the laying of conductive fiber fabric can be quasi-isotropic laying [0/90/ ± 45]
s, s represents with middle symmetry, with reference to May in 2004 the 1st edition, " advanced composite material manufacturing technology " the 11st page of Fig. 1 .9 that Li Hongyun etc. translate.
The laying of conductive fiber fabric can be orthogonal laying [0/90]
n, n represents sub-laying quantity.The laying of conductive fiber fabric can be unidirectional laying [0]
n.
Shown in Figure 2, with the positive and negative foil electrode group of layer lay; Be the Y direction lay of conductive fiber fabric 9 along mould, positive foil electrode 2A is laid in one end (being mould A end) of conductive fiber fabric 9, and negative foil electrode 2B is laid in the other end (being mould B end) of conductive fiber fabric 9.
Shown in Fig. 2 A, with the positive and negative foil electrode group of layer lay; Be the Y direction lay of conductive fiber fabric 9 along mould, positive foil electrode 2A is laid in one end (being mould A end) of conductive fiber fabric 9, and negative foil electrode 2B is laid in the other end (being mould B end) of conductive fiber fabric 9; The first conductive fiber fabric 9A is along the Y direction lay of mould, and the first positive foil electrode 2A1 is laid in one end (being mould A end) of the first conductive fiber fabric 9A, and the first negative foil electrode 2B1 is laid in the other end (being mould B end) of the first conductive fiber fabric 9A.
Shown in Fig. 2 B, the positive and negative foil electrode group of interval lay; The second conductive fiber fabric 9B is along the Y direction lay of mould, and the second positive foil electrode 2A2 is laid in one end (being mould A end) of the second conductive fiber fabric 9B; The 3rd conductive fiber fabric 9C is along the Y direction lay of mould, and the second negative foil electrode 2B2 is laid in the other end (being mould B end) of the 3rd conductive fiber fabric 9C; The 4th conductive fiber fabric 9D is along the Y direction lay of mould, and the 3rd positive foil electrode 2A3 is laid in one end (being mould A end) of the 4th conductive fiber fabric 9D; The 5th conductive fiber fabric 9E is along the Y direction lay of mould, and the 3rd negative foil electrode 2B3 is laid in the other end (being mould B end) of the 5th conductive fiber fabric 9E.
Shown in Fig. 2 C, the positive and negative foil electrode group of interval lay; The 6th conductive fiber fabric 9F is along the Y direction lay of mould, the 4th positive foil electrode 2A4 is laid in one end (being mould A end) of the 6th conductive fiber fabric 9F, and the 4th negative foil electrode 2B4 is laid in the other end (being mould B end) of the 6th conductive fiber fabric 9F; The 7th conductive fiber fabric 9G is along the Y direction lay of mould, the 8th conductive fiber fabric 9H is along the Y direction lay of mould, the 9th conductive fiber fabric 9J is along the Y direction lay of mould, the 5th positive foil electrode 2A5 is laid in one end (being mould A end) of the 9th conductive fiber fabric 9J, and the 5th negative foil electrode 2B5 is laid in the other end (being mould B end) of the 9th conductive fiber fabric 9J.
The size of the fibre reinforced composites finished product after machining: the long A that is designated as
product, the wide B that is designated as
product, thickness is designated as C
product.
Fabric is auxiliary to be counted layer by layer
v
fthe fiber volume fraction that represents fibre reinforced composites finished product, ρ represents the density of fiber, ρ
facerepresent the surface density of fabric.
Step 5: the perfusion resin while vacuumizing;
Open vavuum pump, vacuumize 1～2min, then venting, repeats extraction gas 5～20 times; In the present invention, adopting intermittent mode forvacuum repeatedly, is in order to make fabric closely knit.
Open resin perfusion valve, by-pass valve control flow velocity, has controlled the flow velocity of resin.
Perfusion resin under the condition that vacuumizes 0.05～0.09MPa, resin is to flow along the direction that vacuumizes conduit, namely flows along the direction vacuumizing.
Step 6: load low-voltage and high-current and carry out the preparation from heating fibre reinforced composites product;
Opening program control temperature regulator 5, low-voltage modulator 4, the power that low-voltage modulator 4 is exported is carried on positive and negative foil electrode 2.The power of low pressure modulator 4 outputs is that voltage is no more than 50V and electric current is no more than 300A.
Complete after resin solidification certainly adding thermal fiber, cooling at normal temperatures, the demoulding, makes carbon fibre reinforcement product.Then carry out Performance Detection to making product.
Unidirectional T700 carbon fibre fabric/CYD128 epoxy resin-base composite material from hot briquetting.
Technique is described: be at 30 ℃ in the environment temperature of job shop, vacuum bag encapsulating mould 1 is carried out to conventional cleaning, then be coated with DL-T01 releasing agent; Then spread continuous unidirectional fabric by quasi-isotropic laying, vacuumize 2min after completing fabric by vavuum pump, then venting, repeats extraction gas 15 times; Ready resin adhesive liquid is entered in carbon fiber laying in the auxiliary lower perfusion of vacuum 0.07MPa, after resin has poured into; Start-up routine control temperature regulator 5, low-voltage modulator 4, be then warming up to 120 ℃ with the speed of 0.8 ℃/s, keeps 5min at 120 ℃, and disconnected power down source, naturally cools to 35 ℃ afterwards, and the demoulding, obtains carbon fiber reinforced composite-material laminates.
In the CYD128 epoxy resin of described 100 weight portions, add methylimidazole, 15 weight portions of 15 weight portions adipic acid diglycidyl ether, 1 weight portion 2,4,6-tri-(dimethylamino methyl) phenol is made into resin adhesive liquid.CYD128 epoxy resin is that Hunan Yueyang Ba Ling petrochemical industry Co., Ltd produces.
The laying number of the unidirectional T700 carbon fibre fabric that spreads is 10 layers, and the positive and negative copper foil electrode that spreads is 5 pairs, and lay mode as shown in Figure 5.Upwards carry out laying from die bottom plate, after the 1st, 2 layers of fabric of lay, and at the 1st pair of positive and negative copper foil electrode of two ends lay of the 2nd layer of fabric, such laying that then circulates, respectively at the 2nd, 3,4,5 pairs of positive and negative copper foil electrodes of the 4th, 6,8,10 layers of lay.
The composite-material laminates that embodiment 1 is made carries out performance evaluation, and wherein, fiber volume fraction is 49%, porosity is 0.8%, glass transition temperature is that 95 ℃, curing degree are 99%, bending strength is that 832MPa, interlaminar shear strength are 45MPa.
The bending strength test that embodiment 1 is made to laminate is carried out according to GB/T3356-1999.Interlaminar shear strength test is carried out according to ISO14130-1997.
The laminate making from embodiment 1 samples, to cross section polish, polishing, distribute and defect condition by the digital metallographic microscope observation layer of optics intralamellar part fiber.Test its fiber volume fraction of rear calculating and porosity according to GB/T3365-2008.
The glass transition temperature (Tg) that embodiment 1 is made to laminate is tested by DMTA.Adopt loss modulus to calculate glass transition temperature.DMTA test adopts 3 curved patterns, and intensification sweep speed is 5 ℃/min, and vibration frequency is 1Hz.The curing degree of composite-material laminates is tested by DSC.Intensification sweep speed is 5 ℃/min.
The adjacent benzene type of unidirectional T700 carbon fibre fabric/TM-21 unsaturated polyester resin composite material from hot briquetting.
Technique is described: under 25 ℃ of conditions, vacuum bag encapsulating mould 1 is carried out to conventional cleaning, then be coated with DL-B01 releasing agent; Then by quasi-isotropic laying paving continuous-filament woven fabric, vacuumize 2min by vavuum pump after completing fabric, then venting, repeats extraction gas 10 times; Ready resin is entered in carbon fiber laying in the auxiliary lower perfusion of vacuum 0.05MPa, after resin has poured into; Start-up routine control temperature regulator 5, low-voltage modulator 4, then be warming up to 65 ℃ with the speed of 0.5 ℃/s, and keep 4h at 65 ℃, be warming up to 80 ℃ with the speed of 0.3 ℃/s subsequently, and keeping 3h at 80 ℃, disconnected power down source, naturally cools to room temperature afterwards, the demoulding, obtains qualified composite-material laminates.
In the adjacent benzene type of the TM-21 unsaturated polyester resin of described 100 weight portions, can add the N of 3 weight portions, the cobalt naphthenate of N dimethylaniline, 1 weight portion.The adjacent benzene type of described TM-21 unsaturated polyester resin is that Tianmo Group Co., Ltd., Changzhou produces.
The laying number of the unidirectional T700 carbon fibre fabric that spreads is 11 layers, and the positive and negative copper mesh electrode that spreads is 3 pairs, and lay mode as shown in Figure 6.Upwards carry out laying from die bottom plate, after the 1st layer of fabric of lay, and at the 1st pair of positive and negative copper mesh electrode of two ends lay of the 1st layer of fabric, then after 6 layers, lay down fibre fabric, the 2nd pair of positive and negative copper mesh electrode of lay again, then after 3 layers, lay down fibre fabric, then the 3rd pair of positive and negative copper mesh electrode of lay, 11th layer fabric finally spread.
The composite-material laminates that embodiment 2 is made carries out performance evaluation, and wherein, fiber volume fraction is 49.5%, porosity is 1.0%, glass transition temperature is that 98 ℃, curing degree are 98%, bending strength is that 900MPa, interlaminar shear strength are 44MPa.
embodiment 3
Graphite fiber fabric/G300 unsaturated polyester resin composite material from hot briquetting.
Technique is described: under 25 ℃ of conditions, vacuum bag encapsulating mould 1 is carried out to conventional cleaning, then be coated with DL-T01 releasing agent; Then by quasi-isotropic laying paving continuous-filament woven fabric, vacuumize 2min by vavuum pump after completing fabric, then venting, repeats extraction gas 20 times; Ready resin is entered in graphite fibre laying in the auxiliary lower perfusion of vacuum 0.09MPa, after resin has poured into; Start-up routine control temperature regulator 5, low-voltage modulator 4, be then warming up to 80 ℃ with the speed of 0.6 ℃/s, keeps 4.5h at 80 ℃, and disconnected power down source, naturally cools to room temperature afterwards, and the demoulding, obtains qualified composite-material laminates.
In the G300 unsaturated polyester resin of described 100 weight portions, can add the benzoyl peroxide/DMA of 3 weight portions, the cobalt naphthenate of 1 weight portion.Described G300 unsaturated polyester resin is that Ya Shilan company of the U.S. produces.
The laying number of the unidirectional M40 graphite fiber fabric that spreads is 10 layers, and the positive and negative copper foil electrode that spreads is 5 pairs, and lay mode as shown in Figure 5.
The composite-material laminates that embodiment 3 is made carries out performance evaluation, and wherein, fiber volume fraction is 49.7%, porosity is 0.8%, glass transition temperature is that 114 ℃, curing degree are 98.5%, bending strength is that 750MPa, interlaminar shear strength are 40MPa.
Fabric/bisphenol A-type E44 epoxy resin composite material that carbon fiber mixes with glass fibre from hot briquetting.
Technique is described: under 25 ℃ of conditions, vacuum bag encapsulating mould 1 is carried out to conventional cleaning, then be coated with DL-T01 releasing agent; Then by orthogonal laying lay continuous-filament woven fabric, vacuumize 2min by vavuum pump after completing fabric, then venting, repeats extraction gas 15 times; Ready resin is entered to carbon fibers/fiberglass in the auxiliary lower perfusion of vacuum 0.07MPa and mix in laying, after resin has poured into; Start-up routine control temperature regulator 5, low-voltage modulator 4, be then warming up to 120 ℃ with the speed of 0.5 ℃/s, keeps 60min at 120 ℃, and disconnected power down source, naturally cools to room temperature afterwards, and the demoulding, obtains qualified composite-material laminates.
In the bisphenol A-type E44 epoxy resin of described 100 weight portions, add the diethyl tetramethyl imidazoles of 12 weight portions, the trihydroxy methyl glycidol ether of 10 weight portions.Described bisphenol A-type E44 epoxy resin is that Hunan Yueyang Ba Ling petrochemical industry Co., Ltd produces.
The laying number of the line carbon fibers/fiberglass hybrid fabric of paving is 20 layers, and the positive and negative copper foil electrode that spreads is 10 pairs, and lay mode as shown in Figure 5.
The composite-material laminates that embodiment 4 is made carries out performance evaluation, and wherein, fiber volume fraction is 50%, porosity is 0.5%, glass transition temperature is that 95 ℃, curing degree are 99%, bending strength is that 700MPa, interlaminar shear strength are 60MPa.
Claims (10)
1. a controllable carbon fiber self-heating method that adopts liquid molding process, is characterized in that including the following step:
Step 1: conducting fibre fabric is cut out preparation;
Conducting fibre fabric can be the carbon back continuous-filament woven fabric with conductive capability;
Step 2: vacuum bag pressure method is prepared with mould;
Mold cleaning, clears up mould inner surface smooth, then cleans with analyzing pure grade acetone, after acetone volatilization, obtains the mould of surfacing cleaning;
Step 3: priming by vacuum is prepared with resin raw material;
In the resin host of 100 weight portions, add the curing agent of 0～20 weight portion, the diluent of 0～20 weight portion, promoter, the initator of 0～4 weight portion and the catalyst of 0～10 weight portion of 0～3 weight portion; Then be to be uniformly mixed under 20～200 ℃ of conditions in temperature, be then under 0.05～0.09MPa, vacuumize and process after 10～60min at vacuum pressure, obtain priming by vacuum resin raw material;
Resin host is thermosetting resin or thermoplastic resin;
Thermosetting resin can be epoxy resin, unsaturated polyester resin, cyanate ester resin etc.; Thermoplastic resin can be polyurethane, nylon, cyclic polyester;
Step 4: fabric and positive and negative foil electrode laying;
On step 2 mould after treatment, carrying out lay down fibre fabric according to fabric ply sequence, and according to positive and negative foil electrode lay mode, foil electrode is being set;
Step 5: the perfusion resin while vacuumizing;
Open vavuum pump, vacuumize 1～2min, then venting, repeats to vacuumize venting 5～20 times;
Open resin raw material perfusion valve, by-pass valve control flow velocity;
Perfusion resin under the condition that vacuumizes 0.05～0.09MPa;
Step 6: load low-voltage and high-current and carry out the preparation from heating fibre reinforced composites product;
Opening program control temperature regulator, after low-voltage modulator, the voltage that is no more than 50V of exporting from described low-voltage modulator and the current load that is no more than 300A, on positive and negative foil electrode, conduct electricity by continuous-filament woven fabric, reach fiber from being heating and curing resin.
2. the controllable carbon fiber self-heating method of employing liquid molding process according to claim 1, is characterized in that: conducting fibre fabric can be carbon fibre fabric, graphite fiber fabric, carbon nano-tube fibre fabric and composite fibre fabric;
Composite fibre fabric can be that carbon fiber accounts for the fabric that the carbon fiber of 1～99% weight portion mixes with graphite fibre;
Composite fibre fabric can be that carbon fiber accounts for the fabric that the carbon fiber of 1～99% weight portion mixes with carbon nano-tube fibre;
Composite fibre fabric can be that carbon fiber accounts for the fabric that the carbon fiber of 1～99% weight portion mixes with glass fibre.
3. the controllable carbon fiber self-heating method of employing liquid molding process according to claim 1, is characterized in that: being carried in the temperature that voltage and current on positive and negative foil electrode can make continuous fiber produce is 45 ℃～200 ℃.
4. employing liquid molding process according to claim 1 carries out the system of processing of carbon fibre reinforced composite, it is characterized in that: this system include vacuum bag encapsulating mould (1), vavuum pump (8), filling resin container (6), programed temperature modulator (5), low pressure modulator (4), temperature sensor (3), positive and negative foil electrode group (2), vacuumize conduit (71) and resin duct (73);
Vacuumize conduit (71) and be connected with vavuum pump (8) by the first tube connector (81), and be provided with the second valve (82) on the first tube connector (81);
Resin duct (73) is connected with the container (6) of filling resin by the second tube connector (61), and is provided with the first valve (62) on the second tube connector (61);
Temperature sensor (3) is connected with programed temperature modulator (5), and positive and negative foil electrode group (2) is connected with low pressure modulator (4), and programed temperature modulator (5) is connected with low pressure modulator (4);
Continuous-filament woven fabric is laid in vacuum bag encapsulating mould (1).
5. employing liquid molding process according to claim 4 carries out the system of processing of carbon fibre reinforced composite, it is characterized in that: this system is the laying of carrying out continuous-filament woven fabric in vacuum bag encapsulating mould (1), in the time of lay down fibre fabric process, at the two ends of continuous-filament woven fabric, positive and negative foil electrode (2) is spread; Then place resin duct (73) in one end of the fabric of completing, the other end is placed and is vacuumized conduit (71);
In order to measure the temperature of fabric heating, in the fabric of completing, be inserted with temperature sensor (3), temperature sensor (3) is connected with programed temperature modulator (5), and programed temperature modulator (5) is according to the real time temperature K of temperature sensor (3) Real-time Collection
in real timewith design temperature K
setcompare, as real time temperature K
in real timehigher than design temperature K
settime, output voltage signal U
ingive low pressure modulator (4), low pressure modulator (4) is stopped positive and negative foil electrode power output;
In order to carry out the output power of low pressure modulator (4) according to the heating-up temperature curve of programed temperature modulator (5) setting, after system of processing is ready to complete, programed temperature modulator (5) is first exported starting voltage signal D
intrigger low pressure modulator (4) and enter duty.
6. employing liquid molding process according to claim 4 carries out the system of processing of carbon fibre reinforced composite, it is characterized in that: positive and negative foil electrode group is laid in the two ends of continuous-filament woven fabric relatively, the mode of positive and negative foil electrode group lay has with layer lay and interval lay.
7. employing liquid molding process according to claim 4 carries out the system of processing of carbon fibre reinforced composite, it is characterized in that: positive and negative foil electrode group is selected gold, silver, copper, the aluminium electrode of gold-foil electrode, silver foil electrode, copper foil electrode, foil electrode and grid; Electrode length is designated as A
electrode, the wide B that is designated as
electrode, height is designated as C
electrode, C
electrode=0.1mm, A
electrode=10B
electrode～20B
electrode, A
electrodeequal B
product, B
productwide for the carbon fibre reinforced composite that makes.
8. employing liquid molding process according to claim 4 carries out the system of processing of carbon fibre reinforced composite, it is characterized in that: programed temperature modulator (5) is used for receiving the real time temperature K of temperature sensor (3) on the one hand
in real time, on the other hand by the real time temperature K receiving
in real timewith design temperature K
threshold valuerelatively, if K
in real time>=K
threshold valuetime, do not export triggering signal U
in; If K
in real time< K
threshold value, output triggering signal U
ingive low pressure modulator (4); Described heating rate comprises first paragraph heating rate and second segment heating rate; First paragraph heating rate is 0.4～0.6 ℃/s, and second segment heating rate is 0.3～0.5 ℃/s; By design temperature K
threshold valuethe voltage and current of heating rate control output.
9. employing liquid molding process according to claim 4 carries out the system of processing of carbon fibre reinforced composite, it is characterized in that: the power of low pressure modulator (4) output is that voltage is no more than 50V and electric current is no more than 300A.
10. employing liquid molding process according to claim 4 carries out the system of processing of carbon fibre reinforced composite, it is characterized in that: the radical of required positive and negative foil electrode (2) is relevant to the number of plies that additionally arranges fabric; If the number of plies of fabric is designated as the radical of n, required positive and negative foil electrode (2) and is designated as D, D=α × n, α is electrode loading coefficient, and α=0.3～0.5,
ρ represents the volume density of fiber, ρ
facerepresent the surface density of fabric, V
frepresent the volume fraction of fibre reinforced composites, C
finished productrepresent the thickness of fibre reinforced composites.
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