CN110995164A - Millimeter-Wave Double Balanced Mixer Integrated with Novel Local Oscillator Leakage Compensation Network - Google Patents
Millimeter-Wave Double Balanced Mixer Integrated with Novel Local Oscillator Leakage Compensation Network Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种集成了新型本振泄露补偿网络的毫米波双平衡混频器，其包括本振端变压器、二极管环、射频端变压器、本振匹配网络、射频匹配网络、中频匹配及滤波网络、新型本振泄露补偿网络、高频旁路电容；所述二级管环包括四个相同的二极管，新型本振泄露补偿网络包括包括两个相同的电阻、两个相同的电容和一段传输线。通过改变新型本振泄露补偿网络中电阻的大小和传输线的长度可以有效抵消混频器中固有的本振泄露分量，提升混频器本振到射频端口的隔离度；通过将传输线蜿蜒布线可以减小其占用芯片的面积；此外，新型本振泄露补偿网络的引入对混频器的变频增益几乎没有影响。
The invention discloses a millimeter-wave double-balanced mixer integrated with a novel local oscillator leakage compensation network, which comprises a local oscillator end transformer, a diode ring, a radio frequency end transformer, a local oscillator matching network, a radio frequency matching network, an intermediate frequency matching and filtering network, new local oscillator leakage compensation network, high frequency bypass capacitor; the diode ring includes four identical diodes, and the new local oscillator leakage compensation network includes two identical resistors, two identical capacitors and a section of transmission line . By changing the size of the resistor in the new LO leakage compensation network and the length of the transmission line, the inherent LO leakage component in the mixer can be effectively canceled, and the isolation of the mixer LO to the RF port can be improved; The area of the chip occupied by it is reduced; in addition, the introduction of the new LO leakage compensation network has little effect on the frequency conversion gain of the mixer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of microwave and millimeter waves, relates to a millimeter wave double-balanced mixer, and particularly relates to a millimeter wave double-balanced mixer which integrates a novel low-cost and miniaturized local oscillator leakage compensation network so as to obtain a higher local oscillator suppression degree.
Background
The mixer is a key device in systems of microwave and millimeter wave communication, navigation, radio astronomy, radar and the like, and the performance of the mixer has important influence on the whole system. The main performance indexes of the mixer include frequency conversion gain, power consumption, noise coefficient, linearity, port isolation and the like. The most troublesome of these is the isolation of the local oscillator from the rf port, as far as port isolation is concerned. For a transmitter, leakage from a local oscillator of a mixer to a radio frequency port not only increases output spurs of the transmitter and affects other services or users of adjacent channels, but also causes a power amplifier at the rear stage of the mixer to be saturated in advance and affects output power and linearity of the transmitter; for a zero intermediate frequency receiver, a local oscillation component leaked to a radio frequency port of a mixer can enter the mixer again after being reflected by a low noise amplifier and an antenna to be mixed with the mixer (self-mixing), so that direct current offset is caused, and the performance of the receiver is seriously influenced.
In order to improve the isolation between the local oscillator of the mixer and the rf port, the most direct method is to use a high-quality-factor filter to filter the leaked local oscillator component at the rf port of the mixer. However, in millimeter-wave chip design, on-chip filters not only have a low quality factor, but also occupy a large chip area. Moreover, the most common zero intermediate frequency transceiving architecture in the millimeter wave chip requires that the local oscillator frequency and the radio frequency are equal, so that leakage from the local oscillator to the radio frequency port cannot be filtered by the filter, which requires that the mixer structure itself has a local oscillator suppression function. Compared with the traditional fundamental wave mixer, the harmonic wave mixer has higher local oscillation suppression degree, but other performance indexes such as frequency conversion loss, noise coefficient, output power, linearity and the like of the harmonic wave mixer are generally worse than those of the fundamental wave mixer. The leakage from the local oscillator to the radio frequency port can be completely eliminated theoretically by adopting a double-balanced mixer structure, but the leakage from the local oscillator to the radio frequency port can still be caused by the non-ideal characteristics of a transformer or a balun and the inconsistency of devices in reality. In addition, the substrate coupling effect of the chip can also cause leakage of the local oscillator to the radio frequency. Another method to improve the isolation of the local oscillator to the rf port is to introduce a local oscillator leakage compensation network between the local oscillator port and the rf port of the mixer, which traditionally consists of two directional couplers, an adjustable attenuator and an adjustable phase shifter. However, the use of two directional couplers occupies a large chip area, and the use of an adjustable attenuator and an adjustable phase shifter also increases the cost and complexity of the mixer.
Therefore, a novel low-cost and small local oscillator leakage compensation network needs to be invented and integrated into a millimeter wave double-balanced mixer, so as to realize higher isolation from a local oscillator to a radio frequency port.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a millimeter wave double-balanced mixer which integrates a novel low-cost and miniaturized local oscillator leakage compensation network and has a higher local oscillator suppression degree.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a millimeter wave double-balanced mixer integrated with a novel local oscillator leakage compensation network comprises a local oscillator end transformer, a diode ring, a radio frequency end transformer, a local oscillator matching network, a radio frequency matching network, an intermediate frequency matching and filtering network, the novel local oscillator leakage compensation network and a high-frequency bypass capacitor; the secondary tube ring comprises four identical diodes, and the novel local oscillator leakage compensation network comprises two identical resistors, two identical capacitors and a section of transmission line.
The local oscillation signal of the frequency mixer is input through a primary coil of a local oscillation end transformer, and the radio frequency signal is input through a primary coil of a radio frequency end transformer; the center tap connected with the secondary coil of the transformer at the local oscillator end is grounded, and the center tap connected with the secondary coil of the transformer at the radio frequency end is connected to lead out an intermediate frequency signal and is grounded through a high-frequency bypass capacitor; the novel local oscillator leakage compensation circuit is connected between the local oscillator port and the radio frequency port, and the transmission line is arranged in a winding mode as much as possible so as to reduce the area of a chip occupied by the transmission line.
Aiming at the leakage (inherent local oscillator leakage component) of a local oscillator signal to a radio frequency port, which is inherent in a double-balanced frequency mixer and caused by factors such as non-ideal characteristics of a transformer or a balun, inconsistency of a device, substrate coupling and the like, the invention introduces the additional local oscillator leakage component between the local oscillator port and the radio frequency port by using a novel local oscillator leakage compensation network, and the amplitude and the phase of the additional local oscillator leakage component can be respectively controlled by changing the resistance value of a resistor and the length of a transmission line in the novel local oscillator leakage compensation network, so that the amplitude of the additional local oscillator leakage component is equal to the amplitude of the inherent local oscillator leakage component, and the phase of the additional local oscillator leakage component is opposite to the phase of the inherent local oscillator leakage component, thereby effectively offsetting the local oscillator leakage component of the radio frequency port of the frequency.
The invention has the following advantages:
1) the novel local oscillator leakage compensation network is introduced on the basis of the double-balanced mixer structure, so that the isolation from the local oscillator of the mixer to the radio frequency port can be effectively improved, and the frequency conversion gain characteristic of the mixer is hardly influenced;
2) the novel local oscillator leakage compensation network used by the invention has a simple structure, and the area and the cost of a chip can be effectively reduced by winding wiring;
3) the novel local oscillator leakage compensation network structure used by the invention can be integrated and applied to various mixer structures, and has a wide application range.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a circuit schematic of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a test result of the isolation from the local oscillator to the RF port according to the present invention;
fig. 3 shows the results of the measurement of the conversion gain of the present invention at an if frequency of 5.8 GHz.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1, the millimeter wave double-balanced mixer integrated with the novel local oscillator leakage compensation network provided by the invention comprises a local oscillator end transformer 1, a diode ring 2, a radio frequency end transformer 3, a local oscillator matching network 4, a radio frequency matching network 5, an intermediate frequency matching and filtering network 6, a novel local oscillator leakage compensation network 7, and a high-frequency bypass capacitor C3(ii) a The diode ring 2 comprises a diode D1-D4The novel local oscillator leakage compensation network 5 comprises a resistor R1-R2Capacitor C1-C2 A transmission line 8; wherein the first resistor R1And a second resistor R2Are equal in resistance value, the first capacitor C1And a second capacitor C2Are equal in capacitance value. The specific circuit connection relationship is as follows: first resistor R in novel local oscillator leakage compensation network 71Is connected with the local oscillator port and one end of the local oscillator matching network 4, and a first resistor R1And the other end of the first capacitor C1Is connected to a first capacitor C1Is connected with one end of the transmission line 8, and the other end of the transmission line 8 is connected with the second capacitor C2Is connected to a second capacitor C2And the other end of the first resistor and a second resistor R2Is connected to a second resistor R2The other end of the radio frequency matching network is connected with the radio frequency port and one end of the radio frequency matching network 5; one end of a primary coil of the local oscillator transformer 1 is grounded, and the other end of the primary coil is connected with the other end of the local oscillator matching network 4; one end of a primary coil of the radio frequency transformer 2 is grounded, and the other end of the primary coil is connected with the other end of the radio frequency matching network 5; one end of the secondary coil of the local oscillator transformer 1 and the first transistor D1Cathode, second transistor D2Is connected with the other end of the anode of the third transistor D3Cathode of (2), fourth transistor D4The anode of the secondary coil is connected with the ground, and the center tap of the secondary coil is grounded; one end of the secondary coil of the radio frequency transformer 3 and the second transistor D2Cathode of (2), third transistor D3Is connected with the anode of the fourth transistor D at the other end4Cathode of (1), first transistor D1Is connected with the anode of the secondary coil, the center tap of the secondary coil is connected with a high-frequency bypass capacitor C3One end of the intermediate frequency matching and filtering network 6 is connected with one end of the intermediate frequency matching and filtering network; high-frequency bypass capacitor C3The other end of the intermediate frequency matching and filtering network 6 is grounded, and the other end of the intermediate frequency matching and filtering network is connected with an intermediate frequency port.
Aiming at the leakage (inherent local oscillator leakage component) of local oscillator signals to a radio frequency port, which is inherent in a double-balanced mixer and caused by factors such as non-ideal characteristics of a transformer or a balun, inconsistency of devices, substrate coupling and the like, the invention introduces an additional local oscillator leakage component between a local oscillator port and the radio frequency port by using a novel local oscillator leakage compensation network, and supposing that the inherent local oscillator leakage component and the additional local oscillator leakage component which reach the radio frequency port of the mixer are respectively expressed as follows:
vLO1-RF(t)＝VLO1cos(2πfLOt-θ1) (1)
vLO2-RF(t)＝VLO2cos(2πfLOt-θ2) (2)
wherein t represents time, fLORespectively representing the frequency, V, of the local oscillator signalLO1And VLO2Amplitude, θ, of the intrinsic and extra local oscillator leakage components, respectively1And theta2The phases of the intrinsic local oscillator leakage component and the extra local oscillator leakage component are respectively. Therefore, the total local oscillation component leaked to the rf port is:
vLO-RF(t)＝VLO1cos(2πfLOt-θ1)+VLO2cos(2πfLOt-θ2) (3)
in formula (3), VLO1And theta1Is of fixed size, VLO2Can be adjusted by changing the resistance R1、R2Is adjusted by the resistance value of theta2Can be adjusted by changing the length of the transmission line 8.
In order to offset the local oscillator leakage component of the radio frequency port of the frequency mixer so as to improve the isolation from the local oscillator of the frequency mixer to the radio frequency port, the amplitude of the extra local oscillator leakage component passing through the novel local oscillator leakage compensation network is equal to the amplitude of the natural local oscillator leakage component, but the phase of the extra local oscillator leakage component is opposite to the phase of the natural local oscillator leakage component, namely V is satisfiedLO2＝VLO1And theta2＝θ1And +/-2 n +1 pi, wherein n is a natural number. In addition, the transmission line 8 should be routed as meandering as possible to reduce the chip area occupied by it.
Moreover, due to the resistance R1、R2The resistance value of the frequency mixer is in kilo-ohm level, and the introduction of the novel local oscillator leakage compensation network 7 hardly has great influence on the frequency conversion gain of the frequency mixer.
Fig. 2 is a test result of the isolation from the local oscillator to the rf port according to the present invention. It can be seen from the figure that when the local oscillator leakage compensation network is not used, the isolation from the local oscillator to the radio frequency port is within 43dB, and after the local oscillator leakage compensation network is used, the isolation from the local oscillator to the radio frequency port can be improved to more than 48dB, and even reaches 56dB at the local oscillator frequency of 36 GHz.
Fig. 3 shows the results of the measurement of the conversion gain of the present invention at an if frequency of 5.8 GHz. After the local oscillator leakage compensation network is used, the frequency conversion gain of the frequency mixer within the radio frequency of 39.5-44.5GHz is-8.6 +/-0.3 dB, and as can be seen from the figure, the frequency conversion gain of the frequency mixer is only deteriorated by 0.2dB due to the use of the novel local oscillator leakage compensation network.
The invention is realized by III-V compound semiconductor integrated circuit process.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. The utility model provides a compensation network's millimeter wave double balance mixer is revealed to novel local oscillator which characterized in that: the frequency mixer comprises a local oscillator end transformer, a diode ring, a radio frequency end transformer, a local oscillator matching network, a radio frequency matching network, an intermediate frequency matching and filtering network, a novel local oscillator leakage compensation network and a high-frequency bypass capacitor; first resistor R in novel local oscillator leakage compensation network1Is connected with one end of the local oscillator port and one end of the local oscillator matching network, and a first resistor R1And the other end of the first capacitor C1Is connected to a first capacitor C1The other end of the transmission line is connected with one end of the transmission line, and the other end of the transmission line is connected with the second capacitor C2Is connected to a second capacitor C2And the other end of the first resistor and a second resistor R2Is connected to a second resistor R2The other end of the radio frequency matching network is connected with the radio frequency port and one end of the radio frequency matching network;
the local oscillation signal of the frequency mixer is input through a primary coil of a local oscillation end transformer, and the radio frequency signal is input through a primary coil of a radio frequency end transformer; a center tap connected with a secondary coil of the transformer at the local oscillation end is grounded, a center tap connected with a secondary coil of the transformer at the radio frequency end is used for leading out an intermediate frequency signal, and a high-frequency bypass capacitor at the intermediate frequency end is grounded; the novel local oscillator leakage compensation circuit is connected between the local oscillator port and the radio frequency port.
2. The millimeter wave double balanced mixer integrated with a novel local oscillator leakage compensation network according to claim 1, characterized in that: the inherent local oscillator leakage component and the extra local oscillator leakage component arriving at the radio frequency port of the mixer are respectively expressed as:
vLO1-RF(t)＝VLO1cos(2πfLOt-θ1) (1)
vLO2-RF(t)＝VLO2cos(2πfLOt-θ2) (2)
wherein t represents time, fLORespectively representing the frequency, V, of the local oscillator signalLO1And VLO2Amplitude, θ, of the intrinsic and extra local oscillator leakage components, respectively1And theta2The phases of the inherent local oscillator leakage component and the extra local oscillator leakage component are respectively; therefore, the total local oscillation component leaked to the rf port is:
vLO-RF(t)＝VLO1cos(2πfLOt-θ1)+VLO2cos(2πfLOt-θ2) (3)
in order to offset the local oscillator leakage component of the radio frequency port of the frequency mixer so as to improve the isolation from the local oscillator of the frequency mixer to the radio frequency port, the amplitude of the extra local oscillator leakage component passing through the novel local oscillator leakage compensation network is equal to the amplitude of the natural local oscillator leakage component, but the phase of the extra local oscillator leakage component is opposite to the phase of the natural local oscillator leakage component, namely V is satisfiedLO2＝VLO1，θ2＝θ1And +/-2 n +1 pi, wherein n is a natural number.
3. The millimeter wave double balanced mixer integrated with a novel local oscillator leakage compensation network according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the diode ring comprises a diode D1-D4Novel local oscillator leakage compensationThe compensation network comprises a resistor R1-R2Capacitor C1-C2A transmission line; wherein the first resistor R1And a second resistor R2Are equal in resistance value, the first capacitor C1And a second capacitor C2Are equal in volume value; first resistor R in novel local oscillator leakage compensation network1Is connected with one end of the local oscillator port and one end of the local oscillator matching network, and a first resistor R1And the other end of the first capacitor C1Is connected to a first capacitor C1The other end of the transmission line is connected with one end of the transmission line, and the other end of the transmission line is connected with the second capacitor C2Is connected to a second capacitor C2And the other end of the first resistor and a second resistor R2Is connected to a second resistor R2The other end of the radio frequency matching network is connected with the radio frequency port and one end of the radio frequency matching network; one end of a primary coil of the local oscillator transformer is grounded, and the other end of the primary coil of the local oscillator transformer is connected with the other end of the local oscillator matching network; one end of a primary coil of the radio frequency transformer is grounded, and the other end of the primary coil is connected with the other end of the radio frequency matching network; one end of the secondary coil of the local oscillator transformer and the first transistor D1Cathode, second transistor D2Is connected with the other end of the anode of the third transistor D3Cathode of (2), fourth transistor D4The anode of the secondary coil is connected with the ground, and the center tap of the secondary coil is grounded; one end of the secondary coil of the radio frequency transformer and the second transistor D2Cathode of (2), third transistor D3Is connected with the anode of the fourth transistor D at the other end4Cathode of (1), first transistor D1Is connected with the anode of the secondary coil, the center tap of the secondary coil is connected with a high-frequency bypass capacitor C3One end of the intermediate frequency matching and filtering network is connected with one end of the intermediate frequency matching and filtering network; high-frequency bypass capacitor C3The other end of the intermediate frequency matching and filtering network is grounded, and the other end of the intermediate frequency matching and filtering network is connected with the intermediate frequency port.
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| CN114337550A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-12 | 南京邮电大学 | High isolation mixer circuit |
| CN119254149A (en) * | 2023-09-06 | 2025-01-03 | 成都嘉纳海威科技有限责任公司 | High-suppression high-isolation variable-frequency amplification multifunctional chip |
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| CN119254149A (en) * | 2023-09-06 | 2025-01-03 | 成都嘉纳海威科技有限责任公司 | High-suppression high-isolation variable-frequency amplification multifunctional chip |
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| CN110995164B (en) | 2023-04-14 |
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