CN108649904A - A kind of novel passive barron structure and its balanced type frequency mixer - Google Patents
A kind of novel passive barron structure and its balanced type frequency mixer Download PDFInfo
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- CN108649904A CN108649904A CN201810437995.6A CN201810437995A CN108649904A CN 108649904 A CN108649904 A CN 108649904A CN 201810437995 A CN201810437995 A CN 201810437995A CN 108649904 A CN108649904 A CN 108649904A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03D—DEMODULATION OR TRANSFERENCE OF MODULATION FROM ONE CARRIER TO ANOTHER
- H03D7/00—Transference of modulation from one carrier to another, e.g. frequency-changing
- H03D7/14—Balanced arrangements
- H03D7/1425—Balanced arrangements with transistors
- H03D7/1466—Passive mixer arrangements
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of novel passive barron structures, the structure is to connect a collocation structure at the differential signal end of barron structure, the collocation structure includes phase shifter and compensation resistance, and phase shifter and compensation resistance are connected directly, and phase shifter is left-handed material phase shifter or right-handed material phase shifter；Two passive barron structures are designed in passive double balanced mixer, the single-end port of first passive barron structure accesses local oscillation signal, the single-end port of second passive barron structure connects radiofrequency signal input/output terminal, and four differential ends oral sex fork-joins of two passive barron structures enter mixing unit；The difference port of second passive barron structure intermediate-freuqncy signal input/output end is drawn by filtering/match circuit；In the case where having substantially no effect on balun loss and the degree of balance, the isolation between the port match degree and differential signal of balun can be substantially improved by collocation structure, by improved balun in balanced type frequency mixer, the properties of frequency mixer to have a degree of promotion.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to radio frequency/millimeter wave wireless lan communication lsi technical fields, it is intended to traditional passive barron structure
It is improved, a kind of high performance novel passive barron structure of acquisition and its balanced type frequency mixer.
Background technology
In recent years, the development of radio frequency/millimeter wave high-speed radiocommunication system is very swift and violent, receiving and transmitting front end integrated circuit conduct
The nucleus module of wireless communication system, performance directly determine the quality of wireless communication system.And before frequency mixer is transmitting-receiving
Hold the critical component in integrated circuit：The low frequency signal that transmitter front ends will emit is converted into high-frequency signal, receiver front end
The high-frequency signal received is converted into low frequency signal, frequency translation function is exactly to be realized by frequency mixer.
Mixing is multiplied to realize using two signals in the time domain.Multiply assuming that two sinusoidal pattern signals are input to one
In musical instruments used in a Buddhist or Taoist mass, then one and frequency ingredient and a difference frequency component can be obtained in the output of multiplier：
(Acosω1t)*(Bcosω2t)=AB/2[cos(ω1-ω2)t+cos(ω1+ω2)]
In two sinusoidal pattern input signals, one be fixed amplitude local oscillated signal（LO）, the other is what is received penetrates
Frequency signal（RF）Or the low frequency signal to be emitted（IF）.Isolation in output signal between the number and each port of harmonic component
Degree is an important indicator for weighing frequency mixer quality, and compared with unbalanced frequency mixer, balanced type frequency mixer has useless humorous
The advantages that wave component is few, and interport isolation is high, thus be widely used in wireless communication system.
The balanced type mixer architecture of generally use is as shown in Figure 1 in receiving and transmitting front end integrated circuit.Wherein, balun is for real
The Differential Input of existing signal（I.e. amplitude is identical, phase differs 180 °）, the forms such as parallel coupled line or transformer can be used
Topological structure；Kilbert unit or the topological structure of diode equity form can be used in mixing unit；Filtered/matching
Network can extract the useful signal after frequency transformation.
High-performance barron structure is the key that mixer design, and as three port devices, balun may be implemented single-ended
Signal to both-end differential signal transformation, while balun also play the impedance matching between input signal and mixing unit effect.Reason
In the case of thinking, researcher wish obtain all of the port all match, lossless and reciprocity barron structure.It is however quite easy to prove
Such structure cannot be implemented.Traditional barron structure only has a port（Single-ended signal end）Be it is matched, in addition
Two ports（Differential signal end）It is non-matched, allowing for useful signal in this way cannot be transmitted completely in balun, influence
Conversion gain/loss of frequency mixer, while also affecting the voltage standing wave ratio of each port.In addition, traditional barron structure end
Isolation between mouthful is poor, in the case where the differential signal degree of balance is bad, it will seriously affect the working efficiency of frequency mixer.
The prior art be concentrated mainly on miniaturization, broadband, high degree of balance barron structure design on, and to balun port
Match and differential signal between isolation concern it is few.
Invention content
The present invention is right for the problems such as port match characteristic is poor, interport isolation is poor existing for traditional passive barron structure
Traditional passive barron structure is improved, it is proposed that a kind of novel passive barron structure and its balanced type frequency mixer, in base
In the case that this does not influence balun loss and the degree of balance, the isolation between the port match degree and differential signal of balun is greatly improved
Degree, by improved balun in balanced type frequency mixer, the properties of frequency mixer to have a degree of promotion.
Technical scheme is as follows：
A kind of novel passive barron structure, it is characterised in that：A collocation structure, institute are connected at the differential signal end of barron structure
It includes phase shifter and compensation resistance to state collocation structure, and phase shifter and compensation resistance are connected directly, and the phase shifter is left-handed material
Phase shifter or right-handed material phase shifter；The collocation structure is used to increase the isolation between balun differential signal, and may be implemented
Good port match characteristic.
The left-handed material phase shifter includes three concatenated capacitance CLL、CLC、CLR, the both ends respectively connection one of series capacitance
The compensation resistance R of a equivalenceL；It is in parallel between each two capacitance that there are one the identical inductance L of valueL；Among series capacitance
Capacitance CLCValue be located at both ends capacitance CLL、CLRTwice of value.
The right-handed material phase shifter includes two concatenated inductance LR, two inductance LRValue it is identical；Series inductance LR
Respectively there are one equivalent compensation resistance R for connection at both endsR；The inductance LRWith compensation resistance RRBetween in parallel respectively there are one take
It is worth identical capacitance, respectively CRL、CRR；It is also in parallel between two inductance that there are one capacitance CRC, and positioned at two inductance it
Between capacitance C in parallelRCValue be other two capacitance CRL、CRRThe half of value.
The compensation resistance R being arranged in the collocation structureL、RRValue be identical, compensation resistance RL、RRValue with
The impedance of mixing unit is related, and the value of compensation resistance can be adjusted to obtain good port isolation according to the impedance of mixing unit
And matching properties；Capacitance C in the left-handed material phase shifterLLWith capacitance CLRValue is identical, capacitance CLCValue is capacitance CLL、
CLRTwice, capacitance C in the right-handed material phase shifterRLWith capacitance CRRValue is identical, capacitance CRCValue is capacitance CRL、CRR's
Half；Left-handed material phase shifter, the capacitance in right-handed material phase shifter, inductance value with needed for circuit design center frequency
Rate f0Correlation, in 180 ° of phase shifts：
CLL、CLR=1/(2π*Z0*f0), LL=Z0/(2π*f0)；
CRL、CRR= 1/(2π*Z0*f0), LR= Z0/(2π*f0)。
Z0Be balun design frequency range port diagnostic impedance.
The barron structure is using the structure for including but not limited to as follows：The inferior balun of horse, parallel coupled line balun,
Transformer baluns, coiling（Broken line）Balun etc..
Based on improved high-performance barron structure, a kind of novel balanced type frequency mixer can be designed.A kind of passive double flat
In weighing apparatus frequency mixer, including two novel passive barron structures, the single-end port connection local oscillator letter of the first novel passive barron structure
The single-end port of number input terminal, the second novel passive barron structure connects radiofrequency signal input/output terminal, two novel passives bar
Four differential ends oral sex fork-joins of human relations structure enter mixing unit；The mixing unit is connected by four diode annulars and is formed
Structure；The difference port of second novel passive barron structure intermediate-freuqncy signal input/output end is drawn by filtering/match circuit.
In order to save chip area, generally conventional coupling line barron structure can use multistage broken line segment structure, in tradition
On the basis of barron structure, it is possible to use only two sections of broken lines are the collocation structure that can access the present invention, it is easy to be added, and not increase
Additional design area, to obtain the balanced type frequency mixer based on novel high-performance barron structure.
The balanced type frequency mixer that the novel barron structure is suitable for, include single balance mixer, double balanced mixer,
Active mixer, passive frequency mixer etc..
Beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows：
1, the present invention is suitable for a variety of traditional barron structures, by the way that the compensation electricity is added between two ports of differential signal
The matching properties and isolation of three ports of balun can be substantially improved to promote the performance of balun in line structure, and traditional structure is poor
It is -6dB or so to divide reflection coefficient of port, and -12dB or less can be reached by improving back echo；Traditional structure interport isolation is -7dB left
The right side, -10dB or less can be reached by being isolated after improvement；
2, the compensation circuit structure is mainly the combination of resistance and phase shifter, and the form of phase shifter can be left/right hand material
Phase shifter（Based on capacitance and inductance）, or the phase shifter circuit structure of other forms；It is realized and is moved using left/right hand material
Phase behaviour, circuit structure is simple and size is small, can be conveniently realized on traditional barron structure；
3, it is based on improved novel high-performance barron structure, can be designed that novel balanced type frequency mixer, including singly balanced mix
Frequency device, double balanced mixer, active mixer, passive frequency mixer etc.；
4, the realization of the material systems such as silicon substrate, germanium silicon, iii v compound semiconductor, Ke Yishi can be based on by being based on novel frequency mixer
Integrated circuit form can also be hybrid integrated form；
5, the frequency mixer that the present invention designs is not needing additional circuit amendment, and performance, which just has, to be obviously improved, including is become
Frequency loss, port standing wave etc., can further decrease mixer design complexity and chip size.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the topological structure of traditional balanced type frequency mixer.
Fig. 2 is the passive barron structure schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the left/right hand phase shifter circuit structural schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 4（a）For the degree of balance performance comparison schematic diagram of the novel barron structure and traditional barron structure of the present invention.
Fig. 4（b）For the port match degree performance comparison schematic diagram of the novel barron structure and traditional barron structure of the present invention.
Fig. 4（c）For the isolation performance comparison schematic diagram of the novel barron structure and traditional barron structure of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the balanced type mixer architecture schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6（a）For the conversion loss result of novel barron structure of the present invention and the balanced type frequency mixer of traditional barron structure
Contrast schematic diagram.
Fig. 6（b）For the port standing wave result of novel barron structure of the present invention and the balanced type frequency mixer of traditional barron structure
Contrast schematic diagram.
Specific implementation mode
A kind of novel passive barron structure connects a collocation structure at the differential signal port of barron structure, described
Collocation structure includes phase shifter and compensation resistance, and phase shifter and two compensation resistance are connected directly, and the phase shifter is left hand material
Expect phase shifter or right-handed material phase shifter；The collocation structure is used to increase the isolation between balun differential signal, and can be real
Existing good port match characteristic.
Here it is illustrated by taking parallel coupling type balun as an example, as shown in Fig. 2, may be implemented by the coupling between transmission line
Transformation of the single-ended signal to differential signal.On the basis of traditional barron structure, a compensation knot is added in differential signal port
Structure can obtain a novel high-performance barron structure.
As shown in Figure 3：
The left-handed material phase shifter includes three concatenated capacitance CLL、CLC、CLR, both ends respectively connection one etc. of series capacitance
The compensation resistance R of valueL；It is in parallel between each two capacitance that there are one the identical inductance L of valueL；Electricity among series capacitance
Hold CLCValue be located at both ends capacitance CLL、CLRTwice of value；The right-handed material phase shifter includes two concatenated electricity
Feel LR, two inductance LRValue it is identical；Series inductance LRRespectively there are one equivalent compensation resistance R for connection at both endsR；The electricity
Feel LRWith compensation resistance RRBetween in parallel respectively there are one the identical capacitance of value, respectively CRL、CRR；Between two inductance
It is also in parallel that there are one capacitance CRC, and capacitance C in parallel between two inductanceRCValue be other two capacitance CRL、CRRIt takes
The half of value.
The compensation resistance R being arranged in the collocation structureL、RRValue be identical, compensation resistance RL、RRValue with
The impedance of mixing unit is related, and the value of compensation resistance can be adjusted to obtain good port isolation according to the impedance of mixing unit
And matching properties, 50 Ω are taken here；Capacitance C in the left-handed material phase shifterLLWith capacitance CLRValue is identical, capacitance CLCIt takes
Value is capacitance CLL、CLRTwice, capacitance C in the right-handed material phase shifterRLWith capacitance CRRValue is identical, capacitance CRCValue is
Capacitance CRL、CRRHalf；Left-handed material phase shifter, the capacitance in right-handed material phase shifter, inductance value and circuit design
Required centre frequency f0（Here for taking 23.5GHz）Correlation, in 180 ° of phase shifts：
CLL、CLR=1/(2π*Z0*f0), LL=Z0/(2π*f0), Z0=50Ω；
CRL、CRR= 1/(2π*Z0*f0), LR= Z0/(2π*f0), Z0=50Ω。
Z0Be balun design frequency range port diagnostic impedance, take 50 Ω here.
Simulation comparison is carried out to the improved balun of traditional balun, as shown in Figure 4.As can be seen that improved novel
Barron structure realizes good port match characteristic and isolation characteristic, newly in the case where loss and the degree of balance do not deteriorate
Type barron structure is in certain frequency range（20~27GHz）Port match degree is respectively less than -12dB, and isolation is more than 10dB.Here
It uses left-handed material phase shifter and realizes 180 ° of phase shifts, under the centre frequency of 23.5GHz, capacitance CL=0.13552pF, LL=
0.3388nH。
The barron structure is using the structure for including but not limited to as follows：The inferior balun of horse, parallel coupled line balun,
Transformer baluns, coiling（Broken line）Balun etc..
Based on improved high-performance barron structure, a kind of novel balanced type frequency mixer can be designed.A kind of passive double flat
In weighing apparatus frequency mixer, including two novel passive barron structures, the single-end port connection local oscillator letter of the first novel passive barron structure
The single-end port of number input terminal, the second novel passive barron structure connects radiofrequency signal input/output terminal, two novel passives bar
Four differential ends oral sex fork-joins of human relations structure enter mixing unit；The mixing unit is connected by four diode annulars and is formed
Structure；Intermediate-freuqncy signal input/output end is drawn in the difference port of second novel passive barron structure by filtering/match circuit,
As shown in Figure 5.
In order to save chip area, generally conventional coupling line barron structure can use multistage broken line segment structure, in tradition
On the basis of barron structure, it is possible to use only two sections of broken lines are the collocation structure that can access the present invention, do not increase additional design face
Product, to obtain the balanced type frequency mixer based on novel high-performance barron structure.
The balanced type frequency mixer that the novel barron structure is suitable for, include single balance mixer, double balanced mixer,
Active mixer, passive frequency mixer etc..
This frequency mixer based on high-performance novel balun is emulated, with the frequency mixer based on traditional barron structure into
Row comparison, the results are shown in Figure 6.It can be seen that this novel frequency mixer is excellent in the aspect of performance such as conversion loss and port standing wave
In conventional mixer.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of novel passive barron structure, it is characterised in that：A compensation is connected at the differential signal port of barron structure
Structure, the collocation structure include phase shifter and compensation resistance, and phase shifter and compensation resistance are connected directly, and the phase shifter is a left side
Hand material phase shifter or right-handed material phase shifter；The collocation structure is used to increase the isolation between balun differential signal.
2. novel passive barron structure according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The left-handed material phase shifter includes three
A concatenated capacitance CLL、CLC、CLR, the both ends of series capacitance respectively connect an equivalent compensation resistance RL；Between each two capacitance
It is in parallel that there are one the identical inductance L of valueL；Capacitance C among series capacitanceLCValue be located at both ends capacitance CLL、
CLRTwice of value.
3. novel passive barron structure according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The right-handed material phase shifter includes two
A concatenated inductance LR, two inductance LRValue it is identical；Series inductance LRRespectively there are one equivalent compensation resistance for connection at both ends
RR；The inductance LRWith compensation resistance RRBetween in parallel respectively there are one the identical capacitance of value, respectively CRL、CRR；Positioned at two
It is also in parallel between a inductance that there are one capacitance CRC, and capacitance C in parallel between two inductanceRCValue be other two
Capacitance CRL、CRRThe half of value.
4. novel passive barron structure according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Two be arranged in the collocation structure
Compensate resistance RLValue be identical, compensation resistance RLValue it is related to the impedance of mixing unit, according to the resistance of mixing unit
The anti-value for adjusting compensation resistance is to obtain good port isolation and matching properties；Capacitance C in the left-handed material phase shifterLL
With capacitance CLRValue is identical, capacitance CLCValue is capacitance CLL、CLRTwice；Capacitance, inductance in the left-handed material phase shifter
Value with circuit design centre frequency f0Correlation, in 180 ° of phase shifts：CLL、CLR=1/(2π*Z0*f0), LL=Z0/(2
π*f0), wherein Z0Be balun design frequency range port diagnostic impedance.
5. novel passive barron structure according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：Two be arranged in the collocation structure
Compensate resistance RRValue be identical, compensation resistance RRValue it is related to the impedance of mixing unit, according to the resistance of mixing unit
The anti-value for adjusting compensation resistance is to obtain good port isolation and matching properties；Capacitance C in the right-handed material phase shifterRLWith
Capacitance CRRValue is identical, capacitance CRCValue is capacitance CRL、CRRHalf；Capacitance, inductance in the right-handed material phase shifter
Value with circuit design centre frequency f0Correlation, in 180 ° of phase shifts：CRL、CRR= Z0/(2π*f0), LR= 1/(2π*
Z0*f0), wherein Z0Be balun design frequency range port diagnostic impedance.
6. novel passive barron structure according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The barron structure is using including but not
It is limited to following structure：The inferior balun of horse, parallel coupled line balun, transformer baluns or coiling balun.
7. the balanced type frequency mixer based on novel passive barron structure described in claim 1-6 any one, it is characterised in that：Packet
Including two novel passive barron structures, the single-end port of the first novel passive barron structure connects local oscillation signal input terminal, and second
The single-end port connection radiofrequency signal input/output terminal of novel passive barron structure, four of two novel passive barron structures
Differential ends oral sex fork-join enters mixing unit；The mixing unit is to connect the structure formed by four diode annulars；Second is new
The difference port of the passive barron structure of type intermediate-freuqncy signal input/output end is drawn by filtering/match circuit.
8. the balanced type frequency mixer based on novel passive barron structure, it is characterised in that：The balanced type frequency mixer includes list
Balanced mixer, double balanced mixer, active mixer or passive frequency mixer.
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Cited By (6)
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| CN109450381A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-03-08 | 南京米乐为微电子科技有限公司 | A kind of passive wideband frequency mixer |
| CN109546987A (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2019-03-29 | 西安电子科技大学 | Broadband active phase shifter |
| CN109541315A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2019-03-29 | 桂林电子科技大学 | A kind of portable mono port vector impedance analyzer |
| CN110460310A (en) * | 2019-08-15 | 2019-11-15 | 中电科仪器仪表有限公司 | A kind of ultra wide band higher harmonics inhibition Terahertz frequency multiplier |
| CN110932693A (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2020-03-27 | 广东工业大学 | Broadband differential input matching network design method and LC balun circuit mismatch method |
| CN110995164A (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2020-04-10 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Millimeter wave double-balanced mixer integrated with novel local oscillator leakage compensation network |
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| CN109546987B (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2021-09-03 | 西安电子科技大学 | Broadband active phase shifter |
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| CN110460310B (en) * | 2019-08-15 | 2023-05-09 | 中电科思仪科技股份有限公司 | Ultra-wideband high-harmonic suppression terahertz frequency multiplier |
| CN110995164A (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2020-04-10 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Millimeter wave double-balanced mixer integrated with novel local oscillator leakage compensation network |
| CN110995164B (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2023-04-14 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Millimeter wave double-balanced mixer integrated with local oscillator leakage compensation network |
| CN110932693B (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2023-03-24 | 广东工业大学 | Broadband differential input matching network design method and LC balun circuit mismatch method |
| CN110932693A (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2020-03-27 | 广东工业大学 | Broadband differential input matching network design method and LC balun circuit mismatch method |
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