CN110995060B - Method and device for multiplexing thermal power generation and thermal energy storage based on electron emission - Google Patents
Method and device for multiplexing thermal power generation and thermal energy storage based on electron emission Download PDFInfo
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- CN110995060B CN110995060B CN201911287419.9A CN201911287419A CN110995060B CN 110995060 B CN110995060 B CN 110995060B CN 201911287419 A CN201911287419 A CN 201911287419A CN 110995060 B CN110995060 B CN 110995060B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N11/00—Generators or motors not provided for elsewhere; Alleged perpetua mobilia obtained by electric or magnetic means
- H02N11/002—Generators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/0056—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using solid heat storage material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for multiplexing thermal power generation and thermal energy storage based on electron emission. When the power demand increases, the heat transfer working medium in the hot tank flows through the heat exchanger and is conveyed to the cold tank, and the temperature of the working medium is reduced. After the thermoelectric conversion module absorbs the heat of the heat transfer working medium, the temperature of the cathode rises, and electrons with high energy in the inner part cross the potential barrier on the surface of the cathode and are emitted to the anode to form a loop for power generation. When the power is excessive, under the action of an external electric field between the cathode and the anode, electrons in the anode carry energy to be emitted to the cathode, so that the temperature of the cathode is increased. The heat is transferred to the heat exchanger through the heat conducting layer, the heat transfer working medium in the cold tank absorbs the heat of the heat exchanger, the temperature is raised, and the heat is finally transferred to the hot tank, so that the heat storage is realized. The invention combines the thermionic emission technology and the heat storage technology, has simple structure, can realize the direct conversion between electric energy and heat energy, reduces the loss of process energy, effectively regulates the power supply of the micro-grid and improves the energy storage density of the electric power.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of energy storage and power generation, in particular to a method and a device for multiplexing thermoelectron power generation and heat storage.
Background
Renewable energy sources such as solar energy and geothermal energy are greatly influenced by environmental changes, and the corresponding fluctuation of electric energy conversion output is large, so that the electric energy quality of a microgrid can be deteriorated, and the frequency and voltage of output electric power are unstable. For this reason, commercial new energy power generation systems are all equipped with energy storage devices. When the electric quantity of the micro-grid is larger than the power supply requirement, the residual energy can be stored in the form of physical energy or chemical energy; when the power of the micro-grid is less than the power supply requirement, the stored energy can be reused to generate power to meet the power grid requirement.
At present, the commonly used power generation and energy storage systems are divided into two categories, namely power generation and energy storage combined use and power generation and energy storage combined use. The power generation and storage combined system converts redundant power output into chemical energy through the battery and stores the chemical energy, and when the power demand of the power utilization side is increased, the battery can directly convert the stored chemical energy into electric energy. However, the energy density of the electricity storage device is low, the use cost is high, and the battery life is short. The power generation and heat storage combined system is characterized in that at the front end of heat power conversion, heat energy is transmitted to a heat storage tank by a gas working medium for storage, and when the power consumption demand is increased, the gas working medium transmits the heat energy to the heat power conversion system for power generation. Although the heat storage mode has higher energy storage density, the conversion system has more complex structure, larger irreversible loss in the process and higher cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method and a device for multiplexing thermal power generation and thermal energy storage based on electron emission, aiming at overcoming the problems of complex structure and poor compatibility with a distributed power system of the traditional power generation and energy storage system.
The specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a thermal power generation and thermal energy storage multiplexing method based on electron emission is characterized in that a thermoelectric conversion module based on electron emission is connected with a heat storage module through a heat exchanger; when the power demand is increased, the heat transfer working medium in the hot tank flows through the heat exchanger through the pump, the temperature is reduced, and the heat transfer working medium is conveyed to the cold tank; after the thermoelectric conversion module absorbs heat of a heat transfer working medium through the heat conduction layer, the temperature of the cathode rises, internal electrons obey Boltzmann distribution, and partial high-energy electrons are emitted across a potential barrier on the surface of the cathode and transmitted to the anode to form a loop for power generation through an external load; when the power demand is excessive, the redundant power is converted into heat energy by the electric energy through the thermoelectric conversion module, and under the action of an external electric field between the cathode and the anode, electrons in the anode carry energy to be emitted to the cathode, so that the temperature of the cathode is increased; the heat is transmitted to the heat exchanger through the heat conduction layer, and meanwhile, the heat transfer working medium in the cold tank absorbs the heat of the heat exchanger, the temperature is increased, and the heat is finally pumped to the hot tank, so that heat storage is realized.
Preferably, the cathode and the anode are concentric square or round sleeve structures, wherein the anode is sleeved outside the cathode, both the cathode and the anode are made of high-temperature metal materials, a surface active layer is plated on the surface of the anode, and the anode can be made of barium oxide electronic active materials so as to reduce the work function of the surface of the cathode and the anode; the cathode and the anode are isolated in vacuum, and an insulating layer with low heat conductivity coefficient is adopted to realize electric insulation; the insulating layer is made of high-temperature sintered ceramic material.
Preferably, the heat conducting layer is formed by coating and bonding heat conducting ceramic powder between the cathode and the heat exchanger and sintering at high temperature.
Preferably, the heat exchanger is of a coil pipe structure, the heat exchange performance of the heat exchanger is improved by increasing the contact area of the heat transfer working medium and the heat exchanger, and the temperature of the working medium at the outlet of the heat exchanger is increased.
Preferably, the heat transfer working medium is a gaseous or liquid substance, and different heat transfer working media are adopted according to different selected cathode temperatures.
Preferably, the hot tank and the cold tank are both heat storage containers capable of bearing high temperature and high pressure, and are made of stainless steel and the like, and the outer wall surface of the hot tank and the outer wall surface of the cold tank are wrapped by heat insulation materials such as asbestos and the like.
A thermal power generation and thermal energy storage multiplexing device based on electron emission comprises a cathode, an anode, an electric insulation layer, a surface active layer, a heat conduction layer, a heat exchanger, a pipeline, a pump valve, a hot tank and a cold tank; the hot tank is connected with one end of a pump valve through a pipeline, the other end of the pump valve is connected with one end of a heat exchanger through a pipeline, the other end of the heat exchanger is connected with the cold tank through a pipeline, the heat exchanger is connected with the cathode through a heat conduction layer, the anode is sleeved on the outer side of the cathode, and an electric insulation layer is arranged between the cathode and the anode; the surfaces of the cathode and the anode are plated with a surface active layer; the heat exchanger is determined according to the heat storage mode, when the heat storage mode is sensible heat or latent heat storage, the heat exchanger is of an annular or square structure, and cold and hot working media realize heat storage and release through the heat exchanger; when the heat storage mode is thermochemistry heat storage, the heat exchanger is a porous medium block structure, and the gas working medium and the block are subjected to chemical reaction to realize heat absorption and release; the surface of the heat exchanger is coated with ceramic powder with high thermal conductivity, such as alumina or aluminum nitride and other materials, and can be tightly attached to the cathode of a thermionic device through high-temperature sintering; the surface of the pipeline is wrapped with asbestos so as to reduce heat transfer loss to the environment.
Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the energy storage density is high. Compared with a battery electricity storage mode, the unit energy storage density of the heat storage mode is higher.
2. The whole structure is simple, and the functions of power generation and heat storage are multiplexed mainly through the reciprocating emission and transportation of hot electrons between the two electrode plates.
3. The environment-friendly energy-saving solar water heater is environment-friendly and pollution-free, conversion of chemical energy is avoided, two processes of power generation and heat storage are direct conversion of heat energy and electric energy, and energy loss in the process is small.
4. Peak clipping and valley filling, power output of a power grid is adjusted, and power quality of the power grid is improved.
Description of the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system structure for multiplexing thermal power generation and thermal energy storage based on electron emission.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a heat exchange unit based on multiplexing of thermal power generation and thermal energy storage of electron emission.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for multiplexing thermal power generation and thermochemical heat storage based on electron emission.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
The invention combines the thermionic emission technology and the heat storage technology, has simple structure, realizes the direct conversion between electric energy and heat energy, reduces the loss of process energy, effectively regulates the power supply of the micro-grid and improves the energy storage density of the electric power.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the thermal power generation and thermal energy storage multiplexing device based on electron emission is characterized by comprising a cathode 1, an anode 2, an electrical insulation layer 3, a surface active layer 4, a heat conduction layer 5, a heat exchanger 6, a pipeline 7, a pump valve 8, a hot tank 9 and a cold tank 10. The cathode 1, the anode 2, the adiabatic layer 3, and the surface active layer 4 constitute a thermionic thermoelectric conversion module. The heat exchanger 6, the pipeline 7, the pump valve 8, the hot tank 9 and the cold tank 10 form a heat storage module. The thermionic thermoelectric conversion module is tightly connected with the heat storage module through the heat conducting layer 5, and the cross-sectional structure of the device is shown in fig. 2. The cathode 1 and the anode 2 are used as counter electrodes, when the system is in a power generation state, the cathode 1 emits electrons, and the anode 2 receives the electrons; when the system is in the heat storage state, the anode 2 emits electrons and the cathode 1 receives electrons. The insulating layer 3 is used to insulate and support the electrodes, and its thickness affects the transport characteristics of electrons between the electrodes. The surface active layer 4 is used to lower the surface work functions of the cathode and anode, activating the emission of electrons. The heat exchanger 6 is of a coil pipe structure, so that the heat exchange characteristic between the heat transfer working medium 11 and the heat exchanger 6 is effectively enhanced, and the working medium temperature at the outlet of the heat exchanger is improved. Two ends of the heat exchanger 6 are respectively connected with a hot tank 9, a pump valve 8 and a cold tank 10 through pipelines 7. When the system is in a power generation state, the heat transfer working medium 11 flows from the hot tank 9 to the cold tank 10; and when the system is in a heat storage state, the heat transfer working medium 11 flows from the cold tank 10 to the hot tank 9.
When the electric quantity of the microgrid is less than the power supply requirement, the device is in a power generation state, and the pump valve 8 is opened to convey the working medium in the hot tank 9 to the heat exchanger 6. At this time, the heat exchanger 6 rises in temperature, and heat is transferred to the cathode 1 of the thermionic thermoelectric conversion module via the heat conductive layer 5. Under the action of thermal excitation, part of electrons in the cathode 1 have the action of overcoming the surface work function so as to be transported to the anode, and form a loop through an external load to generate electricity. At the same time, the heat transfer medium drops in temperature and flows into the cold tank 10. When the electric quantity of the microgrid is larger than the power supply requirement, the device is in an energy storage state, the surface work function of the anode 2 is reduced under the action of the electric field of the cathode and the anode, and partial electrons in the anode have enough energy to be emitted to vacuum and are accelerated to the cathode 1 by the electric field. The energy carried by the electrons will be converted into thermal energy of the cathode. At this time, the direction of the pump valve 8 is adjusted to make the working medium in the cold tank 10 flow towards the hot tank 9, and when the working medium flows through the heat exchanger 6, the working medium absorbs the heat of the cathode, the temperature of the working medium is increased, and the working medium finally flows to the hot tank 9 to realize heat storage.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 3, the thermal power generation and thermochemical heat storage multiplexing device based on electron emission comprises a cathode 1, an anode 2, an electrically insulating layer 3, a surface active layer 4, a heat conducting layer 5, a pump valve 8, a heat tank 9 and a thermochemical heat storage block 12. The cathode 1, the anode 2, the adiabatic layer 3, and the surface active layer 4 constitute a thermionic thermoelectric conversion module. The thermochemical heat storage block 12, the pump valve 8 and the heat tank 9 constitute a thermochemical heat storage module. The thermochemical heat storage block 12 is tightly connected to the thermionic conversion module through the heat conductive layer 5. The thermochemical heat storage block 12 is made of a cobalt oxide/cobaltosic oxide composite material or a copper oxide/cuprous oxide composite material, the interior thereof is of a porous structure, and gas flows through the thermochemical heat storage block and undergoes oxidation/reduction reaction.
When the power of the micro-grid is less than the power supply requirement, the device is in a power generation state, the pump valve 8 is opened to enable air in the hot tank 9 to enter the thermochemical heat storage block 12, and cobalt oxide and oxygen are subjected to an exothermic reaction at the temperature of 850 ℃ to generate cobaltosic oxide. The released heat is transferred to the cathode 1 through the heat conducting layer 5, and free electrons in the cathode 1 escape into vacuum and enter the anode 2 under the action of thermal excitation, so that power generation is realized. When the electric quantity of the microgrid is larger than the power supply requirement, the device is in an energy storage state, free electrons of the anode 2 are emitted to vacuum under the action of the electric field of the cathode and the anode, and are accelerated to the cathode 1 by the electric field. The energy carried by the electrons is converted to heat energy at the cathode and conducted to the thermochemical heat storage block 12. The cobaltosic oxide inside the heat storage tank is heated to 950 ℃ to perform endothermic reaction to generate cobalt oxide and oxygen, and the oxygen flows through the pump valve 8 and is transferred to the hot tank 9 to realize heat storage.
Claims (10)
1. A thermal power generation and thermal energy storage multiplexing method based on electron emission is characterized in that: the thermoelectric conversion module based on electron emission is connected with the heat storage module through the heat exchanger; when the power demand is increased, the heat transfer working medium (11) in the hot tank (9) flows through the heat exchanger (6) through the pump (8), the temperature is reduced, and the heat transfer working medium is conveyed to the cold tank (10); after the thermoelectric conversion module absorbs heat of a heat transfer working medium (11) through the heat conduction layer (5), the temperature of the cathode (1) is increased, internal electrons are distributed according to Boltzmann, partial high-energy electrons are emitted across a potential barrier on the surface of the cathode and transmitted to the anode (2), and a loop is formed through an external load to generate electricity; when the power demand is excessive, the redundant power is converted into heat energy by the electric energy through the thermoelectric conversion module, and under the action of an external electric field between the cathode and the anode, electrons in the anode (2) carry energy to be emitted to the cathode (1) so as to increase the temperature of the cathode (1); heat is transmitted to the heat exchanger through the heat conduction layer (5), meanwhile, heat of the heat exchanger (6) is absorbed by the heat transmission working medium (11) in the cold tank (10), the temperature is increased, and finally the heat is pumped to the hot tank (9), so that heat storage is achieved.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the cathode (1) and the anode (2) are of concentric square or circular sleeve structures, wherein the anode (2) is sleeved outside the cathode (1), both are made of high-temperature metal materials, a surface active layer (4) is plated on the surface of the anode (2), the cathode (1) and the anode (2) are isolated in vacuum, and an electric insulation layer (3) with low heat conductivity coefficient is adopted to realize electric insulation; the insulating layer (3) is made of ceramic material sintered at high temperature.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the heat conducting layer (5) is formed by coating and bonding heat conducting ceramic powder between the cathode (1) and the heat exchanger (6) and sintering at high temperature.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the heat exchanger (6) is of a coil pipe structure, the heat exchange performance of the heat exchanger is improved by increasing the contact area of the heat transfer working medium (11) and the heat exchanger (6), and the working medium temperature at the outlet of the heat exchanger (6) is increased.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the heat transfer working medium (11) is a gaseous or liquid substance, and different heat transfer working media are adopted according to different selected cathode temperatures.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the hot tank (9) and the cold tank (10) are both heat storage containers capable of bearing high temperature and high pressure.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the thermal power generation and thermal energy storage multiplexing device used in the method comprises a cathode (1), an anode (2), an electric insulation layer (3), a surface active layer (4), a heat conduction layer (5), a heat exchanger (6), a pipeline (7), a pump valve (8), a hot tank (9) and a cold tank (10); the heat pump is characterized in that the hot tank (9) is connected with one end of a pump valve (8) through a pipeline (7), the other end of the pump valve (8) is connected with one end of a heat exchanger (6) through the pipeline (7), the other end of the heat exchanger (6) is connected with the cold tank (10) through the pipeline (7), the heat exchanger (6) is connected with the cathode (1) through a heat conduction layer (5), the anode (2) is sleeved on the outer side of the cathode (1), and an electric insulation heat insulation layer (3) is arranged between the cathode (1) and the anode (2); the surfaces of the cathode (1) and the anode (2) are plated with a surface active layer (4).
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the method comprises: the heat exchanger (6) is determined according to the heat storage mode, when the heat storage mode is sensible heat or latent heat, the heat exchanger is in an annular or square structure, and cold and hot working media realize heat storage and release through the heat exchanger; when the heat storage mode is thermochemistry heat storage, the heat exchanger is a porous medium block structure, and the gas working medium and the block are subjected to chemical reaction to realize heat absorption and release.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein the method comprises: the surface of the heat exchanger (6) is coated with ceramic powder (5) with high thermal conductivity, which is an aluminum oxide or aluminum nitride material, and the ceramic powder can be tightly attached to the cathode (1) of a thermionic device through high-temperature sintering.
10. The method of claim 7, wherein the method comprises: the surface of the pipeline (7) is wrapped with asbestos so as to reduce heat transfer loss to the environment.
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| CN101512708A (en) * | 2006-08-30 | 2009-08-19 | 坦普罗尼克斯公司 | Closely spaced electrodes with a uniform gap |
| CN207612209U (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2018-07-13 | 浙江大学 | Surface phasmon induces solar energy photon to enhance hot electron power generation device |
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| JP2002303465A (en) * | 2001-04-03 | 2002-10-18 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Thermoelectron heat pump |
| CN101645674B (en) * | 2008-08-06 | 2012-09-05 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Liquid metal cooled focusing type solar thermal ion power generation device |
| CN102122825B (en) * | 2011-01-20 | 2012-12-19 | 顾为东 | Temperature difference energy storage grid electricity peak shaving system |
| CN107910236B (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2023-07-04 | 华中科技大学 | Electron emission device based on thermionic emission cathode |
| CN109958479B (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2024-01-09 | 浙江大学 | Thermochemical heat storage hot electron power generation device |
| CN108869213B (en) * | 2018-07-12 | 2023-06-09 | 上海发电设备成套设计研究院有限责任公司 | Photon-enhanced thermionic emission and carbon dioxide circulation combined power generation device and method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101512708A (en) * | 2006-08-30 | 2009-08-19 | 坦普罗尼克斯公司 | Closely spaced electrodes with a uniform gap |
| CN207612209U (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2018-07-13 | 浙江大学 | Surface phasmon induces solar energy photon to enhance hot electron power generation device |
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