CN110993993A - Fuel cell sightseeing vehicle - Google Patents
Fuel cell sightseeing vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN110993993A CN110993993A CN201911201300.5A CN201911201300A CN110993993A CN 110993993 A CN110993993 A CN 110993993A CN 201911201300 A CN201911201300 A CN 201911201300A CN 110993993 A CN110993993 A CN 110993993A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04701—Temperature
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
- B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/40—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for controlling a combination of batteries and fuel cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
- H01M8/04074—Heat exchange unit structures specially adapted for fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Abstract
The invention discloses a fuel cell sightseeing vehicle, comprising: the sightseeing vehicle comprises a sightseeing vehicle body, a hydrogen fuel cell system and a control system, wherein the hydrogen fuel cell system comprises a hydrogen supply subsystem, a fuel cell engine, a radiator assembly and a lithium battery, the fuel cell engine and the control system are electrically connected with the lithium battery, the fuel cell engine is electrically connected with the control system, the hydrogen supply subsystem is provided with a first safety monitoring module, the fuel cell engine is provided with a second safety monitoring module, the control system is provided with a fault diagnosis processing module and used for acquiring field data of the first safety monitoring module and the second safety monitoring module, evaluating a fault grade according to the field data and a preset grade standard, and controlling the sightseeing vehicle body and the hydrogen fuel cell system to perform corresponding processing according to the fault grade. The invention can adapt to low-temperature environment, ensures the driving mileage, is green and environment-friendly, and ensures the driving safety.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of clean energy sightseeing vehicle development, in particular to a fuel cell sightseeing vehicle.
Background
With the development of tourism industry, in recent years, many scenic spots are firmly established with green, ecological and low-carbon concepts, such as the national village, the Changbai mountain, the Yulong snow mountain, the Wudangshan, the Jinggang mountain, the Beijing octada mountain and the like, and closed management is carried out to prohibit all vehicles from entering the scenic spots. The new energy sightseeing vehicle is gradually the choice for tourist attraction management department to solve the problems of traffic, environmental protection, safety and the like. The conventional new energy sightseeing vehicle is a pure electric sightseeing vehicle, has the problems of poor low-temperature environment adaptability, long charging time, short driving range and the like, and is not suitable for mountainous areas with multiple curves, multiple ramps, high altitude and low-temperature environments.
With the appearance of the application defects of the pure electric vehicle, the fuel cell, the plug-in type and the extended range type are taken as technical supplement schemes to pay more policy attention and support; in recent years, the research and development of fuel cells are more mature, and the proton exchange membrane fuel cell technology has breakthrough progress, particularly has the characteristics of high specific power and no need of long-time charging, so that the proton exchange membrane fuel cell has great competitiveness in the aspect of being used as a power source of an electric vehicle, and shows good application prospect. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell takes hydrogen as fuel and air (O)2) The catalyst works as an oxidant, and the byproduct is only water, so that the catalyst has the advantages of environmental protection and high electric conversion efficiency. The sightseeing vehicle applying the proton exchange membrane fuel cell to the mountainous area environment is undoubtedly a method for better solving the problems of range anxiety and the like caused by poor adaptability of the low-temperature environment, long charging time, short driving range and difficult accurate estimation of the existing electric sightseeing vehicle.
Hydrogen is currently the most abundant and clean energy source stored in the world, but its widespread use is limited by its own features and the ability to develop state of the art. How to safely and efficiently use hydrogen energy and reduce driving and sitting risks is a difficult point and a key point of research and development work of the existing fuel cell sightseeing vehicle, and the arrangement of the existing vehicle-mounted hydrogen supply system has reference significance for fuel cell application of the sightseeing vehicle.
"a hydrogen supply system mounted on a vehicle for a fuel cell vehicle" disclosed in patent publication No. CN109812693A includes: the hydrogen storage device comprises a hydrogen storage cylinder, a cylinder port valve, a hydrogen supply pipeline and a hydrogen charging pipeline, wherein a gas inlet of the hydrogen charging pipeline is connected with a receiving seat with an infrared communication module, a gas outlet of the hydrogen charging pipeline is hermetically communicated with a gas inlet of the cylinder port valve, a joint of the cylinder port valve is hermetically screwed in a cylinder port of the hydrogen storage cylinder, a gas outlet of the cylinder port valve is hermetically communicated with a gas inlet of the hydrogen supply pipeline, a gas outlet of the hydrogen supply pipeline is hermetically communicated with a hydrogen adding port of a fuel cell, and a first one-way valve is arranged on the hydrogen charging pipeline; the hydrogen supply pipeline is provided with a first electromagnetic valve, and a first pressure transmitter, a safety valve, a manual valve, a first TPRD release device and a first temperature sensor are respectively connected with the hydrogen supply pipeline between the gas inlet of the hydrogen supply pipeline and the first electromagnetic valve in an external mode. The vehicle-mounted hydrogen supply system of the fuel cell automobile has the advantages of simple structure and good safety performance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a fuel cell sightseeing vehicle which can adapt to a low-temperature environment, ensure the driving mileage, is green and environment-friendly and ensures the driving safety, aiming at the defects of the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a fuel cell sightseeing vehicle comprising: the sightseeing vehicle comprises a sightseeing vehicle body, a hydrogen fuel cell system and a control system, wherein the sightseeing vehicle body comprises a bearing frame and a central control box connected with the control system, the hydrogen fuel cell system is arranged on the bearing frame and comprises a hydrogen supply subsystem, a fuel cell engine, a radiator assembly and a lithium battery, the hydrogen supply subsystem is communicated with the fuel cell engine through a hydrogen supply pipeline, the fuel cell engine is communicated with the radiator assembly through a main heat exchange pipeline, the central control box, the fuel cell engine and the control system are all electrically connected with the lithium battery, the central control box and the control system are also electrically connected with the fuel cell engine, the control system controls the sightseeing vehicle body and the hydrogen fuel cell system to operate, the hydrogen supply subsystem is provided with a first safety monitoring module, the sightseeing vehicle is characterized by at least comprising a hydrogen pressure sensor and a hydrogen temperature sensor, wherein the fuel cell engine is provided with a second safety monitoring module at least comprising an air pressure sensor, an air temperature sensor and an air flow meter, the control system is provided with a fault diagnosis processing module and is used for acquiring field data of the first safety monitoring module and the second safety monitoring module, evaluating a fault grade according to the field data and a preset grade standard and controlling the sightseeing vehicle body and the hydrogen fuel cell system to perform corresponding processing according to the fault grade.
In the scheme, the hydrogen fuel cell system is divided into four parts and integrated on a bearing frame of the sightseeing vehicle body, the functions are clearly divided, the maintenance is more convenient, when a driver operates an ignition switch of a cab to ignite and start, the hydrogen provided by the hydrogen supply subsystem and the air processed by an air compressor of the fuel cell engine can generate electrochemical reaction in a reactor of the fuel cell engine, electric energy is directly generated, water and partial heat are generated simultaneously, the product is clean and environment-friendly, the generated unstable direct current forms stable direct current through a direct current converter of the fuel cell engine to be stored in a lithium battery, so that power is supplied to electric devices and the like in a central control box, a driving motor and the hydrogen fuel cell system of the sightseeing vehicle, and the good operation of the sightseeing vehicle body is supported; the arrangement of the radiator assembly and the main heat exchange pipeline realizes the control of the reaction temperature of the reactor and brings the heat energy generated by the reaction out of the reactor; the control system can coordinate the operation of each part of the central control box and the hydrogen fuel cell system according to the power requirement of the whole vehicle, the working states of the reactor and the lithium battery, the field data of the first safety monitoring module and the second safety monitoring module and the like, and ensure the stable and reliable operation of the hydrogen fuel cell system.
Further, the hydrogen supply subsystem includes:
the hydrogen storage module comprises a hydrogen storage bottle and a bottle mouth combination valve, and the hydrogen pressure sensor and the hydrogen temperature sensor are arranged in the hydrogen storage bottle;
the hydrogen filling module comprises a filling port, a filter, a one-way valve and a mechanical pressure gauge;
the hydrogen supply module comprises a main electromagnetic valve, a primary pressure reducing valve, an unloading valve, an overflow valve and a bleeding port;
the hydrogen filling module is communicated with the hydrogen storage module through a hydrogen pipeline, the hydrogen storage module is communicated with the hydrogen supply module through a hydrogen pipeline, and the hydrogen supply module is communicated with the fuel cell engine through a hydrogen supply pipeline. In the above arrangement, the bottle mouth combination valve can ensure the safety of hydrogen storage in the hydrogen storage bottle, the filter of the hydrogen filling module is used for filtering fine particles by the filter so as to achieve the purpose of prolonging the service life of the system sealing element, the check valve is used for avoiding hydrogen leakage from the filling port, the mechanical pressure gauge is used for displaying the hydrogen inlet pressure of the hydrogen storage bottle, the main electromagnetic valve is used for being controlled by the control system so as to realize the hydrogen supply interruption treatment in emergency, the primary pressure reducing valve and the unloading valve realize the control of the hydrogen pressure at the hydrogen pipeline close to the hydrogen supply module end and the fuel cell engine end, the overflow valve is used for controlling the hydrogen flow, and the relief port is used for pressure maintaining and hydrogen emptying control in emergency, thereby being beneficial to safe hydrogen storage.
Further, the bottleneck combination valve includes first relief valve, fusible plug valve, bottle solenoid valve, manual stop valve and diffuses the ball valve, the bottle solenoid valve sets up with driver's cabin ignition switch linkage.
Further, the fuel cell engine includes three structural layers, from top to bottom respectively:
a first structural layer comprising: the system comprises a DC converter, an air compressor controller, an expansion kettle and a deionizer;
a second structural layer comprising: the reactor, the air compressor and the hydrogen inlet pipe orifice;
a third structural layer comprising: high pressure water pump, intercooler and electricity drive piece.
Further, a cooling liquid is arranged in the main heat exchange pipeline, and the cooling liquid is deionized water or a mixed liquid of 48% of ethylene glycol and 52% of deionized water. Is favorable for improving the adaptive environment temperature of the safe operation of the whole vehicle.
Furthermore, a third safety monitoring module connected with the control system is arranged at the main heat exchange pipeline and comprises a cooling liquid pressure sensor arranged at the main heat exchange pipeline close to the engine end of the fuel cell at the downstream of the radiator assembly and a cooling liquid temperature sensor arranged at the main heat exchange pipeline at the inlet end and the outlet end of the radiator assembly. The cooling effect of the radiator assembly can be judged according to the heat dissipation condition of the cooling liquid, so that the control system can control the central control box and remind a driver when the effect is not good.
Furthermore, a fourth safety monitoring module connected with the control system is arranged at the lithium battery and comprises an output current and voltage detection unit and a battery temperature sensor. The monitoring of the power utilization state is facilitated.
The lithium battery heat radiator comprises a radiator assembly, a lithium battery, a heat radiator and a heat exchange pipeline, wherein the radiator assembly is arranged on the upper portion of the radiator assembly, the heat radiator is arranged on the lower portion of the radiator assembly, the heat exchange pipeline is arranged on the lower portion of the radiator assembly, and the heat exchange pipeline is communicated with the heat. Is beneficial to the temperature control of the lithium battery.
Furthermore, a switching valve is arranged at the communication position of the main heat exchange pipeline and the auxiliary heat exchange pipeline on the upstream side of the radiator assembly, and the switching valve is connected with the control system. Is beneficial to the temperature control of the lithium battery.
Further, a second safety valve is installed at the hydrogen inlet end of the fuel cell engine, and the second safety monitoring module further comprises a reactor temperature sensor. The method is favorable for avoiding the damage of the reactor of the fuel cell engine caused by the overhigh pressure of hydrogen entering the reactor, and timely feeding back the hydrogen when the temperature of the reactor is overhigh, thereby reducing the damage to the reactor.
After the technical scheme is adopted, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the fuel cell sightseeing vehicle can adapt to low-temperature environment operation, shortens the charging time, ensures the driving mileage, is green and environment-friendly, and ensures the driving safety; the hydrogen fuel cell system is only divided into four parts to be integrated on the bearing frame, the labor division is clear, the function centralization is good, and the maintenance is convenient; the hydrogen fuel cell system is as the power supply, green, but the limit is reacted and is charged, do not go the worry of mileage, control system can be according to first, the second, the third, the data that the fourth safety monitoring module gathered, control center control case, hydrogen fuel cell system carries out corresponding emergency measure, be favorable to ensureing the security that sightseeing vehicle hydrogen fuel used in real time, vice heat transfer pipeline, the setting of battery temperature sensor and diverter valve, be favorable to the lithium cell temperature can keep more reasonable temperature at any time after ignition switch switches on, be favorable to the guarantee of lithium cell power supply performance, ensure the timely supply of the power consumption of whole car reserve energy.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate embodiments of the present invention or prior art solutions, the drawings are as follows:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a fuel cell sightseeing vehicle system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the hydrogen supply subsystem components provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a preferred fuel cell sightseeing vehicle system according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of an arrangement structure of a main heat exchange pipe and an auxiliary heat exchange pipe provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following are specific embodiments of the present invention and are further described with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a fuel cell sightseeing vehicle including: the sightseeing vehicle comprises a sightseeing vehicle body, a hydrogen fuel cell system 20 and a control system 30, wherein the sightseeing vehicle body comprises a bearing frame and a central control box which is electrically or wirelessly connected with the control system 30, the central control box is used for managing a vehicle electric network and a communication network, such as a CAN bus network, power supply switches of all parts, electromagnetic valve connection, lithium battery electric quantity display, a radio, remaining driving mileage display, hydrogen storage content display and the like, the hydrogen fuel cell system 20 is wholly arranged on the bearing frame, and the bearing frame is positioned at the bottom of the sightseeing vehicle body;
the hydrogen fuel cell system 20 comprises a hydrogen supply subsystem 1, a fuel cell engine 2, a radiator assembly 3 and a lithium battery 4, wherein the radiator assembly 3 is arranged on the front side of a bearing frame, namely the front part of the whole vehicle, and is beneficial to radiating heat for cooling liquid by utilizing a self heat radiation structure and simultaneously radiating heat by means of the windward effect of the vehicle, the hydrogen supply subsystem 1 and the fuel cell engine 2 are arranged in the middle part, the lithium battery 4 is arranged on the rear side, namely the tail part of the whole vehicle, and is beneficial to the balance of weight distribution, the hydrogen supply subsystem 1 is communicated with the fuel cell engine 2 through a hydrogen supply pipeline 5, the fuel cell engine 2 is communicated with the radiator assembly 3 through a main heat exchange pipeline 6, and the hydrogen supply pipeline 5 and the main heat exchange pipeline 6 are both arranged at;
the central control box, the fuel cell engine 2 and the control system 30 are all electrically connected with the lithium battery 4, the central control box and the control system 30 are also electrically connected with the fuel cell engine 2, the fuel cell engine 2 is used for supplying power to the central control box and the control system 30 and also used for charging the lithium battery 4, the lithium battery 4 is used for supplying power to electric equipment in the hydrogen fuel cell system 20 and the fuel cell engine 2 and also used for supplying power to the control system 30 and the central control box under the condition that the output power of the fuel cell engine 2 is insufficient, the control system 30 controls the operation of the sightseeing vehicle body and the hydrogen fuel cell system 20, and the control method can comprise power supply control of each component in the sightseeing vehicle body and the hydrogen fuel cell system 20, control of whether a valve is opened or not and the like;
the hydrogen supply subsystem 1 is provided with a first safety monitoring module 14 at least comprising a hydrogen pressure sensor 141 and a hydrogen temperature sensor 142, wherein the hydrogen pressure sensor 141 is used for detecting the hydrogen pressure, the hydrogen temperature sensor 142 is used for detecting the hydrogen temperature, the hydrogen pressure sensor can be arranged at any position of the hydrogen supply subsystem 1, the number of the hydrogen pressure sensors is not limited, and the hydrogen temperature sensor can be arranged as required, the fuel cell engine 2 is provided with a second safety monitoring module 21 at least comprising an air pressure sensor 211, an air temperature sensor 212 and an air flow meter 213 which are respectively used for detecting the air pressure, the air temperature and the air flow, the control system 30 is provided with a fault diagnosis processing module which can be a conventional MCU chip or a 51 series singlechip or an STM series singlechip and is used for acquiring the field data of the first safety monitoring module 14 and the second safety monitoring module 21, the collection mode can be wireless connection or wired connection, and the fault diagnosis processing module evaluates the fault grade according to field data and preset grading standards and controls the sightseeing vehicle body and the hydrogen fuel cell system 20 to perform corresponding processing according to the fault grade. The preset rating standard is provided with parameter thresholds or ranges of an air inlet pressure limit value, an air temperature range, an air flow range, a hydrogen pressure range, a hydrogen temperature range and the like, and the system is in a normal working state without any emergency treatment as long as field data meet the preset range or the limit values are not exceeded. And once exceeding, carrying out emergency treatment according to the exceeding fault item, and administrating according to symptoms.
Specifically, if the preset rating standard is classified into three levels,
first-stage failure: the condition that the running function of the vehicle is seriously influenced occurs, if the hydrogen pressure exceeds 50 percent of the limit value and the hydrogen temperature exceeds 50 percent of the threshold value, the fault diagnosis processing module can emergently cut off the power output of the whole vehicle, cut off the hydrogen fuel supply of the hydrogen supply subsystem 1, display faults on a display screen of a cab and send out sound alarm;
secondary failure: when the running performance of the vehicle is influenced, if the pressure of hydrogen entering the reactor exceeds a limit value of 10%, the fault diagnosis processing module can limit the use power of the vehicle, adopt limp-home measures and other measures, display an alarm and recommend shutdown to eliminate hidden dangers;
and (3) three-stage fault: when the temperature of the air entering the pile exceeds the maximum limit value, the fault diagnosis processing module prompts a status code to indicate the fault detection of the sensor and the cooling fan or directly displays characters to request the fault detection of the sensor and the cooling fan.
And under the condition of fault prompt through the state code, a fault maintenance corresponding table can be set for facilitating symptomatic medicine administration of drivers and passengers. Part of the troubleshooting map is shown in the following table:
in conclusion, the fault diagnosis processing module can have supervision and guidance significance for safe driving and maintenance of drivers, and safety and timeliness are guaranteed; the control system 30 may include a central control box monitoring module, in addition to the fault diagnosis processing module.
In the scheme, the hydrogen fuel cell system 20 is divided into four parts and integrated on the bearing frame of the sightseeing vehicle body, so that the functions are clearly divided, and the maintenance is more convenient; when a driver operates an ignition switch of a cab to ignite and start, the hydrogen provided by the hydrogen supply subsystem 1 and the air treated by an air compressor of the fuel cell engine 2 can generate electrochemical reaction in a reactor of the fuel cell engine 2, electric energy is directly generated and water and partial heat are simultaneously generated, the product is clean and environment-friendly, the generated unstable direct current forms stable direct current through a direct current converter (or DC/DC converter and DC converter) of the fuel cell engine 2 to be stored in the lithium battery 4, and the stable direct current is used for supplying power for a central control box, a driving motor, electric devices in the hydrogen fuel cell system 20 and the like of the sightseeing vehicle, and in addition, the lithium battery is used as a standby power supply, can discharge under the condition of insufficient power supply of the fuel cell engine 2, and supports the good running of the sightseeing vehicle body; the arrangement of the radiator assembly 3 and the main heat exchange pipeline 6 realizes the reaction temperature control of the reactor and brings the heat energy generated by the reaction out of the reactor; the control system 30 can coordinate the operation of the central control box and the hydrogen fuel cell system 20 according to the power requirement of the whole vehicle, the working states of the reactor and the lithium battery 4, the field data of the first safety monitoring module 14 and the second safety monitoring module 21, and the like, so as to ensure the stable and reliable operation of the hydrogen fuel cell system 20.
Further, as shown in fig. 2, the hydrogen supply subsystem 1 includes:
the hydrogen storage module 11 comprises a hydrogen storage bottle 111 and a bottle mouth combination valve 112, wherein the hydrogen pressure sensor 141 and the hydrogen temperature sensor 142 are arranged in the hydrogen storage bottle 111; one sightseeing vehicle can be provided with 1 28L high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle with the pressure of 35 MPa;
the hydrogen filling module 12 comprises a filling port, a filter, a one-way valve and a mechanical pressure gauge;
the hydrogen supply module 13 comprises a main electromagnetic valve, a primary pressure reducing valve, an unloading valve, an overflow valve and a bleeding port;
the hydrogen filling module 12 is communicated with the hydrogen storage module 11 through a hydrogen pipeline, the hydrogen storage module 11 is communicated with the hydrogen supply module 13 through a hydrogen pipeline, and the hydrogen supply module 13 is communicated with the fuel cell engine 2 through a hydrogen supply pipeline 5.
In the above arrangement, the bottle mouth combination valve 112 can ensure the safety of hydrogen storage in the hydrogen storage bottle 111, the filter of the hydrogen filling module 12 is used for filtering fine particles by the filter to achieve the purpose of prolonging the service life of the system sealing element, the check valve is used for preventing hydrogen from leaking from the filling port, the mechanical pressure gauge is used for displaying the hydrogen inlet pressure of the hydrogen storage bottle 111 so as to facilitate the control of the hydrogen inlet pressure, the main electromagnetic valve is used for being controlled by the control system 30 to realize the hydrogen supply interruption processing in emergency, the primary pressure reducing valve and the unloading valve are respectively used for controlling the hydrogen pressure at the hydrogen pipeline near the hydrogen supply module 13 end and the hydrogen pipeline near the fuel cell engine 2 end, the overflow valve is used for controlling the hydrogen flow, and the relief port is used for hydrogen emptying control of the pipeline and the emergency, thereby being beneficial.
Further, the fuel cell engine 2 includes three structural layers, which are from top to bottom:
a first structural layer comprising: the system comprises a DC converter, an air compressor controller, an expansion kettle and a deionizer;
a second structural layer comprising: the reactor, the air compressor and the hydrogen inlet pipe orifice;
a third structural layer comprising: high pressure water pump, intercooler and electricity drive piece.
The high integration design of the fuel cell engine 2 is realized, the arrangement of parts is reasonable, and the operation principle and the loading convenience are considered.
And a cooling liquid is arranged in the main heat exchange pipeline 6, and the cooling liquid is deionized water or a mixed liquid of 48% of ethylene glycol and 52% of deionized water. Is favorable for improving the adaptive environment temperature of the safe operation of the whole vehicle.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 3, a third safety monitoring module connected to the control system 30 is disposed at the main heat exchange pipe 6, and includes a coolant pressure sensor 61 disposed at the main heat exchange pipe 6 at the end of the radiator assembly 3 close to the fuel cell engine 2 downstream, and a coolant temperature sensor 62 disposed at the main heat exchange pipe 6 at the inlet end and the outlet end of the radiator assembly 3. The monitoring device is favorable for monitoring the pressure of the coolant entering the stack and the cooling effect of the coolant in real time, and judges the cooling effect of the radiator assembly 3 according to the temperature difference of the coolant before and after heat dissipation, so that the control system 30 controls the central control box and reminds a driver when the effect is poor, and is also favorable for controlling the display screen on the sightseeing vehicle body to send the prompt that the temperature of the coolant leaving the stack is too high by the control system 30 when the temperature of the coolant at the inlet end of the radiator assembly 3 is too high, so that the fault can be timely processed.
The lithium battery 4 is provided with a fourth safety monitoring module connected to the control system 30, and the fourth safety monitoring module includes an output current and voltage detection unit 41 and a battery temperature sensor 42. The monitoring of the power utilization state is facilitated, and overvoltage, overcurrent and overhigh temperature are avoided.
Further, as shown in fig. 4, the heat exchanger further includes an auxiliary heat exchange pipe 7, a heat exchange pipe is disposed beside the lithium battery 4, that is, the lithium battery 4, one end of the auxiliary heat exchange pipe 7 is communicated with the main heat exchange pipe 6 on the upstream side of the heat sink assembly 3, the other end is communicated with the main heat exchange pipe 6 on the downstream side of the heat sink assembly 3, a battery temperature sensor 42 is disposed at the lithium battery 4, the upstream side is a cooling liquid flowing side with high heat, and the downstream side is a cooled cooling liquid flowing side.
A switching valve 71 is arranged at a communication position of the main heat exchange pipeline 6 and the auxiliary heat exchange pipeline 7 on the upstream side of the radiator assembly 3, the switching valve 71 is connected with the control system 30, and the switching valve 71 can be used for switching the flow direction of the cooling liquid in the auxiliary heat exchange pipeline 7.
Specifically, in a normal state, the switching valve 71 is set such that the coolant with heat coming from the fuel cell reactor can flow to both the heat sink assembly 3 and the secondary heat exchange pipe 7, which is beneficial for the lithium battery 4 to maintain a reasonable temperature as much as possible even in a standby state, but when the temperature sent by the battery temperature sensor 42 to the control system 30 is higher than a temperature threshold value, which is unfavorable for performance guarantee and needs to be dissipated, the control system 30 controls the switching valve 71 to only conduct a pipeline flowing to the heat sink assembly 3, and closes the flow guiding function of the secondary heat exchange pipe 7 side, so that the coolant can be shunted to the secondary heat exchange pipe 7 at the downstream side of the heat sink assembly 3 after being dissipated and cooled by the heat sink assembly 3, then enters the main heat exchange pipe 6 and the heat sink assembly 3 through the secondary heat exchange pipe 7 after passing through the lithium battery 4, by circulating in this way, the cooling liquid after flowing and cooling in the auxiliary heat exchange pipeline 7 can realize the heat dissipation and cooling treatment of the lithium battery 4. In conclusion, the switching of the switching valve 71 can realize that the flow direction of the cooling liquid in the main heat exchange pipeline 6 is always unchanged, and the flow direction of the cooling liquid in the auxiliary heat exchange pipeline 7 can be inverted, so that the emergency treatment under the conditions of too low temperature and too high temperature of the lithium battery 4 can be ensured by adjusting the switching valve 71.
Further, a second safety valve 22 is installed at a hydrogen inlet end of the fuel cell engine 2, the second safety valve 22 can effectively prevent the phenomenon that the reactor is damaged due to the fact that the pressure of hydrogen entering the reactor is too high caused by the fault of system components, when the pressure of hydrogen entering is larger than a preset value, the hydrogen is directly discharged through the second safety valve 22, and the second safety monitoring module 21 further comprises a reactor temperature sensor 214, which is beneficial to timely reaction processing, such as emergency shutdown, of the control system 30 when the temperature of the reactor is too high, so that the damage to the reactor is reduced.
In a specific embodiment, the following design can be referred to for part of parameters and technical indexes of the sightseeing vehicle:
in conclusion, the embodiment provides the fuel cell sightseeing vehicle, which can adapt to low-temperature environment operation, shorten the charging time, ensure the driving mileage, protect the environment and ensure the driving safety; the hydrogen fuel cell system is only divided into four parts to be integrated on the bearing frame, the labor division is clear, the function centralization is good, and the maintenance is convenient; the hydrogen fuel cell system is as the power supply, green, but the limit is reacted and is charged, do not go the worry of mileage, control system can be according to first, the second, the third, the data that the fourth safety monitoring module gathered, control center control case, hydrogen fuel cell system carries out corresponding emergency measure, be favorable to ensureing the security that sightseeing vehicle hydrogen fuel used in real time, vice heat transfer pipeline, the setting of battery temperature sensor and diverter valve, be favorable to the lithium cell temperature can keep more reasonable temperature at any time after ignition switch switches on, be favorable to the guarantee of lithium cell power supply performance, ensure the timely supply of the power consumption of whole car reserve energy.
The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Various modifications or additions may be made to the described embodiments or alternatives may be employed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or ambit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A fuel cell sightseeing vehicle comprising: the sightseeing vehicle comprises a sightseeing vehicle body, a hydrogen fuel cell system and a control system, wherein the sightseeing vehicle body comprises a bearing frame and a central control box connected with the control system, the hydrogen fuel cell system is arranged on the bearing frame and comprises a hydrogen supply subsystem, a fuel cell engine, a radiator assembly and a lithium battery, the hydrogen supply subsystem is communicated with the fuel cell engine through a hydrogen supply pipeline, the fuel cell engine is communicated with the radiator assembly through a main heat exchange pipeline, the central control box, the fuel cell engine and the control system are all electrically connected with the lithium battery, the central control box and the control system are also electrically connected with the fuel cell engine, the control system controls the sightseeing vehicle body and the hydrogen fuel cell system to operate, the hydrogen supply subsystem is provided with a first safety monitoring module, the sightseeing vehicle is characterized by at least comprising a hydrogen pressure sensor and a hydrogen temperature sensor, wherein the fuel cell engine is provided with a second safety monitoring module at least comprising an air pressure sensor, an air temperature sensor and an air flow meter, the control system is provided with a fault diagnosis processing module and is used for acquiring field data of the first safety monitoring module and the second safety monitoring module, evaluating a fault grade according to the field data and a preset grade standard and controlling the sightseeing vehicle body and the hydrogen fuel cell system to perform corresponding processing according to the fault grade.
2. The fuel cell sightseeing vehicle of claim 1 wherein the hydrogen supply subsystem comprises:
the hydrogen storage module comprises a hydrogen storage bottle and a bottle mouth combination valve, and the hydrogen pressure sensor and the hydrogen temperature sensor are arranged in the hydrogen storage bottle;
the hydrogen filling module comprises a filling port, a filter, a one-way valve and a mechanical pressure gauge;
the hydrogen supply module comprises a main electromagnetic valve, a primary pressure reducing valve, an unloading valve, an overflow valve and a bleeding port;
the hydrogen filling module is communicated with the hydrogen storage module through a hydrogen pipeline, the hydrogen storage module is communicated with the hydrogen supply module through a hydrogen pipeline, and the hydrogen supply module is communicated with the fuel cell engine through a hydrogen supply pipeline.
3. The fuel cell sightseeing vehicle of claim 2 wherein the bottle mouth combination valve includes a first safety valve, a fusible plug valve, a bottle solenoid valve, a manual shutoff valve and a bleed ball valve, the bottle solenoid valve being in linkage with a cab ignition switch.
4. The fuel cell sightseeing vehicle of claim 1 wherein the fuel cell engine comprises three structural layers, from top to bottom:
a first structural layer comprising: the system comprises a DC converter, an air compressor controller, an expansion kettle and a deionizer;
a second structural layer comprising: the reactor, the air compressor and the hydrogen inlet pipe orifice;
a third structural layer comprising: high pressure water pump, intercooler and electricity drive piece.
5. The fuel cell sightseeing vehicle of claim 1 wherein the primary heat exchange conduit has a coolant therein, the coolant being deionized water or a mixture of 48% ethylene glycol +52% deionized water.
6. The fuel cell sightseeing vehicle of claim 1 wherein a third safety monitoring module is provided in the primary heat exchange conduit and is connected to the control system, including a coolant pressure sensor in the primary heat exchange conduit downstream of the radiator assembly near the engine end of the fuel cell and a coolant temperature sensor in the primary heat exchange conduit at the inlet and outlet ends of the radiator assembly.
7. The fuel cell sightseeing vehicle of claim 1 wherein a fourth safety monitoring module connected to the control system is provided at the lithium battery and includes an output current and voltage detection unit and a battery temperature sensor.
8. The fuel cell sightseeing vehicle of claim 1 further comprising a secondary heat exchange conduit communicating at one end with the primary heat exchange conduit on the upstream side of the heat sink assembly and at the other end with the primary heat exchange conduit on the downstream side of the heat sink assembly through the lithium cell where a cell temperature sensor is located.
9. The fuel cell sightseeing vehicle of claim 8 wherein a switching valve is provided at a location where the primary heat exchange conduit on the upstream side of the radiator assembly communicates with the secondary heat exchange conduit, the switching valve being connected to the control system.
10. The fuel cell sightseeing vehicle of claim 1 wherein the hydrogen inlet end of the fuel cell engine is fitted with a second safety valve and the second safety monitoring module further comprises a reactor temperature sensor.
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Effective date of registration: 20210907 Address after: No. 191, Changshao North Road, Laiwu District, Jining City, Shandong Province Patentee after: Shandong Jiran hydrogen power Co.,Ltd. Address before: 271100 Ecological Software Park of Laiwu Xueye tourist area, Jinan City, Shandong Province Patentee before: Shandong Mingyu New Energy Technology Co.,Ltd. |
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Address after: No. 191, Changshao North Road, Laiwu District, Jinan City, Shandong Province Patentee after: Shandong Jiran hydrogen power Co.,Ltd. Address before: No. 191, Changshao North Road, Laiwu District, Jining City, Shandong Province Patentee before: Shandong Jiran hydrogen power Co.,Ltd. |
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