CN110989753A - Adjustable high-resolution power output module suitable for SiPM - Google Patents
Adjustable high-resolution power output module suitable for SiPM Download PDFInfo
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- CN110989753A CN110989753A CN201911164001.9A CN201911164001A CN110989753A CN 110989753 A CN110989753 A CN 110989753A CN 201911164001 A CN201911164001 A CN 201911164001A CN 110989753 A CN110989753 A CN 110989753A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
- G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current
- G05F1/46—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc
- G05F1/56—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices
- G05F1/561—Voltage to current converters
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Abstract
The invention provides an adjustable high-resolution power output module suitable for an SiPM, which comprises an SiPM, wherein the power output module comprises a PWM unit, an input voltage, an energy storage inductor, a switching tube, a diode, a resistance feedback circuit, a low-pass filter and a software adjusting unit; according to the scheme, the power output module adopts the PWM unit, the energy storage inductor, the switching tube, the diode, the low-pass filter, the resistance feedback circuit and the software adjusting unit, when the power output module works, the duty ratio of PWM pulses is correspondingly adjusted through the voltage value fed back by the resistance feedback circuit, the output voltage value is correspondingly adjusted, and the adjustment of the working voltage of the SiPM is realized; meanwhile, in order to adjust the output voltage more conveniently and flexibly, the voltage value on the resistance feedback circuit is adjusted through the software adjusting unit, and then the working voltage of the SiPM is adjusted through the PWM unit, so that the voltage adjusting function with higher resolution is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power supply of radiation detectors, in particular to an adjustable high-resolution power output module suitable for SiPM.
Background
The conventional photomultiplier has been widely used in various radiation detectors, but the conventional photomultiplier has the disadvantages of large volume, easy magnetic field interference, hundreds of kilovolts of working voltage, and the like. At present, a novel Silicon-based Photomultiplier (Silicon Photomultiplier) has a working principle different from that of a conventional Photomultiplier, but has similar output gain and detection efficiency, and has excellent performances of strong magnetic field interference resistance, low working voltage (working at dozens of volts), small volume and the like. The method is applied to the fields of PET, rapid gamma imaging and the like. However, the temperature drift of SiPM is severe, which affects the signal acquisition and processing at the back end, resulting in unreliable data.
The current methods for regulating SiPM power modules are two: (1) the adjustable resistor is used for manually adjusting the resistance value and changing the feedback circuit so as to influence the output voltage; the method is rough in adjustment, time-consuming and labor-consuming; (2) in the feedback circuit, a negative thermistor is connected in parallel, and the output voltage is changed by utilizing the characteristic that the resistance value of the thermistor is reduced along with the increase of the temperature; the method can realize automatic adjustment along with the temperature, but the selection of the negative thermistor and the matching with an actual circuit need a plurality of tests, and the performance of the negative thermistor is changed along with the increase of the working time, thereby influencing the performance of the whole circuit. In view of this, it is very important to find a method for stabilizing the output gain of the SiPM by refining the power supply module capable of adjusting the operating voltage with high resolution at different temperatures, so as to ensure the authenticity of data.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects in the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide an adjustable high resolution power output module suitable for sipms, which can finely and flexibly adjust the output voltage according to the actual operating voltage requirement of the sipms.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides an adjustable high resolution power output module suitable for SiPM, power output module includes PWM unit, input voltage, energy storage inductance, switch tube, diode, resistance feedback circuit, low pass filter and software regulation unit, PWM unit, switch tube, diode, low pass filter and SiPM establish ties in proper order and link to each other, energy storage inductance both ends respectively with input voltage and switch tube link to each other, resistance feedback circuit connects between diode voltage output end and the PWM unit, be used for feeding back output voltage extremely the PWM unit, software regulation unit with resistance feedback circuit links to each other, is used for adjusting resistance feedback circuit's voltage feedback value.
Further, the software adjusting unit comprises a temperature-sensitive element, a microprocessor and a digital-to-analog conversion module, wherein the temperature-sensitive element is connected with the microprocessor and used for receiving a temperature analog signal generated by the temperature-sensitive element, the microprocessor is connected with the digital-to-analog conversion module, and the digital-to-analog conversion module is connected with the resistance feedback circuit and used for changing a voltage division value of the resistance feedback circuit.
Further, the PWM unit further comprises an error comparator and an error amplifier, wherein the resistance feedback circuit is connected with the PWM unit through the error amplifier and the error comparator in sequence.
Further, the low-pass filter adopts a CLC type filter circuit.
Further, the power output module further comprises a current limiting resistor connected in series between the diode and the low pass filter.
Further, the PWM unit is connected with the switch tube through a gate driving circuit.
The scheme has the beneficial technical effects that: according to the scheme, the power output module adopts the PWM unit, the energy storage inductor, the switching tube, the diode, the low-pass filter, the resistance feedback circuit and the software adjusting unit, when the power output module works, the duty ratio of PWM pulses is correspondingly adjusted through the voltage value fed back by the resistance feedback circuit, the output voltage value is correspondingly adjusted, and the adjustment of the working voltage of the SiPM is realized; meanwhile, in order to adjust the output voltage more conveniently and flexibly, the voltage value on the resistance feedback circuit is adjusted through the software adjusting unit, and then the working voltage of the SiPM is adjusted through the PWM unit, so that the voltage adjusting function with higher resolution is achieved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the working principle of the power output module of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
The embodiment is directed at the problems that the existing power supply module adjusting method of the SiPM is time-consuming and labor-consuming and the performance of the adjusted circuit is unstable, and further provides an adjustable high-resolution power output module suitable for the SiPM.
Referring to fig. 1, the adjustable high-resolution power output module suitable for sipms in this embodiment includes a SiPM, a PWM unit (pulse width modulation unit), an input voltage, an energy storage inductor, an N-channel MOS switch tube, a diode, a resistance feedback circuit, a low-pass filter, and a software adjusting unit, where the PWM unit, the switch tube, the diode, the low-pass filter, and the SiPM are sequentially connected in series, two ends of the energy storage inductor are respectively connected to the input voltage and the switch tube, the resistance feedback circuit is connected between a voltage output end of the diode and the PWM unit and configured to feed back an output voltage to the PWM unit, and the software adjusting unit is connected to the resistance feedback circuit and configured to adjust a voltage feedback value of the resistance feedback circuit. Wherein, the voltage of the input voltage (generally 3 to 5V) is loaded on the energy storage inductor; the PWM unit generates 300KHz pulses to enable the switching tube to be continuously opened and closed, and the duty ratio of the fixed-frequency pulses generated by the PWM unit is adjustable, so that the output voltage is adjusted. When the pulse is at a high potential, the switching tube is switched on, the energy storage inductor starts to store energy, the diode is reversely cut off, and the filter capacitor discharges to the load; when the pulse is at a low potential, the switch is cut off, the energy storage inductor generates induced electromotive force, the induced electromotive force is added with the original input voltage to charge the filter capacitor, and then energy is provided for the load. The capacitance value of the filter capacitor needs to be large enough to enable the output voltage to be smooth and meet the power supply requirement of the SiPM; the current limiting resistor outputs a resistance value within a certain range so as to prevent the SiPM device from being damaged. The resistance feedback circuit in this embodiment divides the output voltage, feeds the divided voltage back to the PWM unit, outputs the divided voltage value to the error amplifier, amplifies the divided voltage value with the reference voltage, inputs the output voltage to the error comparator, compares the output voltage with the sawtooth wave with a fixed frequency, and further adjusts the duty ratio of the PWM pulse, and then adjusts the switching time of the switching tube, so that the output voltage is changed, and finally forms a closed-loop adjusted output voltage.
The software adjusting unit in this embodiment includes a temperature-sensitive element, a microprocessor, and a digital-to-analog conversion module, where the temperature-sensitive element is connected to the microprocessor and is configured to receive a temperature analog signal generated by the temperature-sensitive element, the processor is connected to the digital-to-analog conversion module, and the digital-to-analog conversion module is connected to the resistance feedback circuit and is configured to change a voltage division value of the resistance feedback circuit. In addition, preset numerical values can be sent through the set upper computer software through the serial port and written into the microprocessor, and then the corresponding analog voltage value is generated by the digital-to-analog conversion module.
The temperature sensitive unit in the embodiment is used for sensing the change of the ambient temperature of the SiPM and generating an analog electric signal; the micro-processing unit converts the analog signal into a digital signal by using a 10-bit ADC carried by the micro-processing unit; the microprocessor sets a corresponding digital voltage value according to the temperature signal and by combining the change relation between the temperature and the SiPM output gain which is prepared in advance, converts the digital voltage value into an analog voltage value through the 10-bit DAC through SPI communication, loads the analog voltage value into the resistance feedback circuit, and changes the voltage division value in the feedback circuit to adjust the output voltage.
In addition, the low-pass filter in this embodiment preferably adopts a CLC-type filter circuit to continuously reduce the voltage ripple output by the filter capacitor, so as to meet the actual use requirement.
When the module works, the working voltage of the SiPM is generally less than 70V, so that the voltage output range of the module is 25-90V, and the practical use is met. The resolution of the output voltage of the module is in millivolt level, and the module is suitable for stable output gain of SiPM. The input voltage is generally 3-5V, and the conventional voltage of a matched circuit board can be adopted. In order to obtain the target voltage, the value of the energy storage inductor needs to be large, and the calculation formula of the inductor L is as follows:
where Vi input voltage, D is duty cycle, T is switching time, η is energy conversion efficiency, Iout (max) is maximum output current, Vout is output voltage, to ensure a 10% tolerance, therefore
The inductance value meeting the requirement can be obtained according to the required parameter value, and the energy is provided for the subsequent circuit.
The PWM unit outputs sawtooth pulse waves with certain frequency and duty ratio according to the feedback loop information. When the pulse is at a high potential, the switching tube is switched on, the energy storage inductor starts to store energy, the diode is reversely cut off, and the filter capacitor discharges electricity subsequently. When the pulse is at a low potential, the switch is cut off, the energy storage inductor generates induced electromotive force, the induced electromotive force is added with the original input voltage to charge the filter capacitor, and then energy is provided for the load. After a few operating cycles, the output voltage will be stepped up to the target value.
The capacitance value of the filter capacitor needs to be large enough to smoothly output the pulse voltage output by the front-end circuit, so that the power supply requirement of the SiPM is met. The current limiting resistor limits the output current to a certain range to avoid damaging the SiPM device. Since the threshold voltage of the current limit value in the PWM unit is 2V, the selection of the current limiting resistor is:
and determining the current limiting resistance value according to Ilimit.
The resistance feedback network mainly divides voltage through the resistance network, and a voltage division value at one end of the resistance feedback network is loaded to a feedback end of the PWM unit. The voltage value is added to the input end of the error amplifier and is compared and amplified with the reference voltage, the output voltage of the error amplifier is input into the error comparator, is compared and output with the fixed frequency sawtooth wave through the threshold value, and then is output as a rectangular pulse with a certain duty ratio, and finally the switching tube is driven.
The software adjusting unit is mainly used for finely adjusting the voltage dividing value of the resistor voltage dividing network in a small scale range so as to realize high-resolution voltage output adjustment. When the system works, a high-precision power supply is loaded on the SiPM to perform an optimal bias test. In constant temperature, under different voltages, obtaining the output gain of the SiPM and the full energy peak position offset relation of an energy spectrum; under constant voltage, different temperatures are set, and the relationship between the output gain of the SiPM and the full energy peak position offset of the energy spectrum is obtained. At the conclusion of both experiments, component value settings in the power supply module of the SiPM were performed.
The operating voltage of the SiPM is between 53.5-56V, so the approximate output range of the module is adjusted to that range according to the resistive feedback network. Firstly, setting resistance of a resistor voltage division feedback network, and when the reference voltage is 1.25V, the values of a voltage division resistor are as follows:
wherein Voutmax is the maximum voltage output, Voutmin is the minimum voltage output, Rcoupling is the coupling resistance between the software regulating unit and the resistance feedback network,
the output voltage of the digital-to-analog conversion module is:
when the output CODE is 0, the minimum voltage change is about 1mv, and in combination with the output voltage range, the minimum change of the output voltage is about 2mv, so that high-resolution power output can be realized for stable SiPM gain.
The temperature-sensitive element and the upper computer software can provide corresponding numerical values for the microprocessor, and the application occasions are different. The temperature-sensitive element is mainly applied to the condition of automatically correcting the output of the power supply according to the external temperature change, and the upper computer controls the output voltage change to be applied to the test condition; and the software sends a preset CODE value to the microprocessor through the serial port, and checks the SiPM output gain change condition and the energy spectrum drift in real time.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (6)
1. An adjustable high resolution power output module suitable for use with a SiPM, the power output module comprising a SiPM, characterized in that: the power output module comprises a PWM unit, an input voltage, an energy storage inductor, a switch tube, a diode, a resistance feedback circuit, a low-pass filter and a software adjusting unit, wherein the PWM unit, the switch tube, the diode, the low-pass filter and SiPM are sequentially connected in series, two ends of the energy storage inductor are respectively connected with the input voltage and the switch tube, the resistance feedback circuit is connected between a voltage output end of the diode and the PWM unit and used for feeding back the output voltage to the PWM unit, and the software adjusting unit is connected with the resistance feedback circuit and used for adjusting a voltage feedback value of the resistance feedback circuit.
2. The adjustable high resolution power output module of claim 1, wherein: the software adjusting unit comprises a temperature-sensitive element, a microprocessor and a digital-to-analog conversion module, wherein the temperature-sensitive element is connected with the microprocessor and used for receiving an analog signal generated by the temperature-sensitive element, the microprocessor is connected with the digital-to-analog conversion module, and the digital-to-analog conversion module is connected with the resistance feedback circuit and used for changing a voltage division value of the resistance feedback circuit.
3. An adjustable high resolution power output module suitable for sipms according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the PWM unit further comprises an error comparator and an error amplifier, wherein the resistance feedback circuit is connected with the PWM unit sequentially through the error amplifier and the error comparator.
4. The adjustable high resolution power output module of claim 3, wherein: the low-pass filter adopts a CLC type filter circuit.
5. The adjustable high resolution power output module of claim 1, wherein: the power output module further comprises a current limiting resistor connected in series between the diode and the low pass filter.
6. The adjustable high resolution power output module of claim 1, wherein: the PWM unit is connected with the switch tube through a gate driving circuit.
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