CN110986817B - Method for measuring initial linear shape of temporary component - Google Patents
Method for measuring initial linear shape of temporary component Download PDFInfo
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- CN110986817B CN110986817B CN201911151705.2A CN201911151705A CN110986817B CN 110986817 B CN110986817 B CN 110986817B CN 201911151705 A CN201911151705 A CN 201911151705A CN 110986817 B CN110986817 B CN 110986817B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of measurement, in particular to a method for measuring the initial linear shape of a temporary component. The device includes two bases, is provided with sharp slip table on the base, is provided with on the sharp slip table and follows the gliding laser range finder of sharp slip table, is surveyed the component setting in one side of sharp slip table, and is surveyed the component and be parallel with laser range finder's slip direction, laser range finder passes through the wire and links to each other with the data acquisition terminal. The device and the method for measuring the initial line shape of the temporary component can measure the line shape of the component with any length, are flexible, light, convenient to detach and mount, small in occupied size and capable of being carried and taken by a vehicle; meanwhile, the invention can use the short device to measure the long component, and does not need to adjust the size of the device according to the length of the measured component; in addition, the invention can also remove abnormal data in the initial bending rate sample from the measured data, thereby improving the precision of the measurement result.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of measurement, in particular to a method for measuring the initial linear shape of a temporary component.
Background
The construction temporary member refers to a stressed member which is used repeatedly on a construction site and has structures such as a template support, a tower crane support, a construction platform, a scaffold, a wall-attached frame and the like. These components suffer from major initial defects due to repeated use, with the most common defect being a large deviation of the initial line shape before application of force from the original. The initial defect of the component is not considered in the actual design, so that the actual structure is inconsistent with a design calculation model, the design value of the bearing capacity of the structure is higher than the actual value, and the safety degree is greatly reduced. The existing equipment for measuring the temporary construction member has the defects of low measurement precision, overlarge volume, and inconvenience in use because only the temporary member with short length can be measured.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for measuring the initial linear shape of a temporary component, which solves the technical problems of low measurement precision and overlarge volume in the prior art.
On one hand, the invention provides a temporary component initial line shape measuring device which comprises two bases, wherein a linear sliding table is arranged on each base, a laser range finder capable of sliding along the linear sliding table is arranged on the linear sliding table, a component to be measured is arranged on one side of the linear sliding table and is parallel to the sliding direction of the laser range finder, and the laser range finder is connected with a data acquisition terminal through a lead.
The two bases are parallel to each other.
The base is provided with a first groove, a second groove and a third groove which are parallel to each other, the depth of the first groove is lower than that of the third groove, the linear sliding table is arranged in the second groove, and the component to be measured is arranged in the first groove or the third groove.
The linear sliding table is provided with two parallel guide rails, two ends of each guide rail are respectively provided with a rear cover, the middle part of each guide rail is provided with a synchronous cog belt, the rear cover is provided with a roller, and two ends of each synchronous cog belt are respectively wound on the rollers; a fixing seat for fixing the laser range finder is arranged above the guide rail, two sides of the bottom of the fixing seat are respectively arranged on two sections of the guide rail in a spanning mode, and the middle of the fixing seat is connected with the synchronous toothed belt.
The roller is driven to rotate by a driving motor, the driving motor is arranged on a motor bracket, and the motor bracket is connected with the rear cover; the driving motor is powered by a battery.
The device also includes a press block.
In another aspect, the present invention discloses a method for measuring an initial line shape of a temporary member, the method comprising the steps of:
s1, placing two bases in parallel on a flat ground;
s2, judging the size relation between the length of the measured member and the preset length, and if the length of the measured member is smaller than or equal to the preset length, performing the step S21; if the length of the measured member is greater than the preset length, the step S22 is performed, where the preset length is N meters, and N may be the length of any public transportation means, such as 0.8 meter, 1 meter, or 1.2 meters; the preset length is the length of the maximum movement path of the laser range finder; the length of the linear sliding table is equal to the sum of the preset length and the lengths of the two rear covers;
the step S21 includes the steps of:
s211, adjusting the distance between the two bases to the length of the component to be measured;
s212, respectively placing the linear sliding table and the tested component in different grooves of the base;
s213, opening the laser range finder, adjusting the angle of laser emitted by the laser range finder to enable the laser to strike the middle of the measured surface of the measured component, and opening the driving motor and the data acquisition terminal to obtain a curve of the distance between the measured surface of the measured component and the linear sliding table;
s214, obtaining an initial line shape of the measured component according to a curve of the distance between the measured surface of the measured component and the linear sliding table;
the step S22 includes the steps of:
s221, drawing a straight line on the flat ground, determining the straight line as an X axis, marking the straight line, wherein the length of the drawn straight line is greater than that of the component to be measured; placing the measured member on a flat ground, and enabling a connecting line of two ends of the measured member to be parallel to the drawn straight line and the left end of the measured member to be aligned with the left end of the drawn straight line;
s222, a left side end point is set as a coordinate origin, the shortest distances from the left end of the measured side face of the measured component, integral multiples of a preset length and the right end are measured along the X axis in sequence from a left measuring point by using a laser range finder, and the data are recorded as a first group of measured data;
s223, adjusting the distance between the two bases to a preset length, and respectively placing the linear sliding table and the component to be measured in different grooves of the bases;
s224, the left end of the tested component is parallel to the left base, the pressing block is pressed at the left end or the right end of the tested component, the tested component is supported on the base, and the tested component on the inner side of the edge of the right base is marked;
s225, opening the laser range finder, adjusting the angle of laser emitted by the laser range finder to enable the laser to strike the middle of the measured surface of the measured component, opening the driving motor and the data acquisition terminal, and measuring the curve of the shortest distance between the measured side surface of the measured component and the linear sliding table within a first preset length span range;
s226, moving the measured component leftwards to enable the mark of the measured component to be just positioned on the inner side of the left base, and measuring a curve of the shortest distance between the measured side surface of the measured component and the linear sliding table within a second preset length span range by adopting the same method in the step S225;
s227, sequentially and circularly performing the steps S225 and S226, so that the curve of the shortest distance between the measured side surface of the measured component and the linear sliding table within the nth preset length span range can be measured; n is an integral multiple of 1;
s228, when the length of the detected component is not integral multiple of the preset length, recording the part, which is less than the preset length, of the last section of the detected component as a tail section, and measuring the curve of the shortest distance between the lateral surface of the tail section and the linear sliding table by using the step in the step S21; recording the data measured in steps S224 to S228 as a second set of measured data;
and S229, obtaining an initial linear shape of the measured component according to the first group of measured data and the second group of measured data.
When the length of the measured member is less than or equal to the preset length, the initial line shape of the measured member can be obtained through the following steps:
s311, the distance between the left side measuring point and the laser emitting point is planed out in the measured data, and the initial line shape between the two end points of the measured object can be obtained.
When the length of the measured member is greater than the preset length, the initial line shape of the measured member can be obtained through the following steps:
s321, calculating rise of the measured component at the integral multiple preset length based on the first group of measured data;
s322, adjusting the horizontal coordinate: adjusting the abscissa of the 2 nd and subsequent measurements based on the second set of measured data; adding 1 time of preset length to the abscissa measured for the second time, adding n-1 of the abscissa measured for the nth time to obtain a curve of all measurement results along the length direction of the measured component, and subtracting the distance between the laser source and the measured surface of the measured component from the ordinate value of the curve to obtain the initial bending rate between the two end points measured each time;
s323, sequentially rotating and translating the initial line shape between the two measuring end points according to a similarity principle to enable longitudinal coordinate values of the two end points of the initial line shape to be equal to the rise of the measured member at an integral multiple preset length;
and S324, forming an initial line shape of a certain side surface of the tested component by each initial line shape after rotation and translation.
In the method, the method for eliminating the abnormal data comprises the following steps:
origin of the abnormal data: according to the results of early statistical analysis, the initial bending rate obeys exponential distribution; due to repeated use and rough assembly and disassembly in a construction site, the initial bending rate of a few components is often too large; in addition, due to improper measurement operation, the initial bending ratio may be abnormally large or abnormally small; during statistics, the data which are too large or too small are called abnormal data and should be removed before statistics.
S41, dividing abnormal data into two types, wherein the first type is abnormal data with overlarge discreteness, and the second type is abnormal data with larger discreteness;
s42, eliminating first-class abnormal data by adopting a mapping transformation method, a relation of statistical parameters between a truncated normal distribution random variable and a 3 sigma criterion, wherein the specific process is as follows:
s421, sequencing all sample data, marking the sample group as X, and obtaining each sample XiAnd a pair thereofCorresponding fractional point value FX(xi) Changing all sample data into normal random variable sample y containing all abnormal data by mapping transformation methodiThe sample group is marked as Y;
s422, based on Y, sequencing all sample data, taking numbers between 0.20-0.80 quantile values, considering that the numbers do not contain abnormal data, and then based on the relation of statistical parameters between the truncated normal random variable and the normal random variable, obtaining the statistical parameters of the random variable without the abnormal data: mean μ and standard deviation σ;
s423, eliminating overlarge abnormal data by adopting a 3 sigma criterion, namely, when | yiMu | 3 σ, will be equal to yiCorresponding sample xiRemoving, the group consisting of the remaining samples is X1, and the intra-group sample is denoted as X1i；
S43, eliminating second-class abnormal data in X1 by adopting a mapping transformation method, a relation of statistical parameters between a truncated normal distribution random variable and a normal distribution random variable, an estimation method of the number of abnormal data and an estimation method of abnormal data distribution; the specific process is as follows:
s431. based on X1, with sample X1iOrdering all sample data for the research object to obtain each sample x1iAnd the corresponding quantile point value FX1(x1i) Obtaining normal sample y containing abnormal data with large discreteness by adopting mapping transformation method1iThe sample group is Y1 with standard deviation of
Mean value of
S432, based on Y1, sorting all sample data, taking numbers between 0.20-0.80 quantile values, considering that the numbers do not contain abnormal data, and then based on the relation of statistical parameters between a truncated normal random variable and a normal random variable, obtaining the statistical parameters of the random variable without the abnormal data: standard deviation sigma1Mean value μ1And;
s433. estimation method of number of abnormal data: push button
And
the proportion of the abnormal data in X1 is estimated according to the relative error of the abnormal data, and the proportion is expressed by the following formula:
in the formula, n1The number of the second type of abnormal data; n is a radical of1Total number of samples of X1, β is a coefficient;
s434. based on
And mu1Calculating the ratio of the number of the large abnormal samples to the number of the small abnormal samples, and when the absolute value of the relative error is smaller than a certain threshold value B1, recording as a condition one, and considering that the number of the large abnormal samples is equal to that of the small abnormal samples; when the relative error is greater than a certain positive threshold value B2, all are considered large abnormal samples; when the relative error is less than some negative threshold-B2, all are considered small outlier samples; when the relative error is between B1 and B2, noted as case two, the number of large outlier samples increases linearly with the increase of the threshold; when the relative error is between the values-B1 and-B2, noted case three, the number of small outlier samples increases linearly with decreasing threshold;
s435, in X1, eliminating samples corresponding to the abnormal samples in Y1, and setting a group consisting of the residual samples as X2;
s44, carrying out statistical analysis based on X2.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method for measuring the initial linear shape of the temporary component can measure the linear shape of the component with any length, is flexible, light, convenient to detach and install, small in occupied volume and capable of carrying and riding a vehicle; meanwhile, the invention can use the short device to measure the long component, and does not need to adjust the size of the device according to the length of the measured component; in addition, the invention can also remove abnormal data in the initial bending rate sample from the measured data, thereby improving the precision of the measurement result.
The invention provides original data for reasonably and truly establishing a calculation model reflecting the initial defects of the tested member and considering the initial defects when calculating the bearing capacity; and provides basis for judging whether the member used for multiple times is used continuously.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an initial alignment measuring device for a temporary component disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a base structure;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between the number of abnormal data and a threshold according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a first set of measurements in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a first measurement in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a second measurement in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a third measurement schematic in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of end-of-line measurement in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the measurement results after the abscissa adjustment in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of an initial line form of a measured part after processing in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 11 is a table of raw data in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 12 is a table of data for mapping transformed groups of Y samples in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a table of samples of exceptions of the first type that are culled in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a sample group X after the first abnormal data are eliminated in the embodiment of the present invention1Table;
FIG. 15 is a sample group Y containing the second type abnormal data after mapping transformation in an embodiment of the present invention1Table;
FIG. 16 is a table of second type exception samples culled in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 17 is a table of sample groups after all anomalous data have been culled in an embodiment of the invention.
The labels in the figure are: 1. a rear cover; 2. a synchronous toothed belt; 3. a guide rail; 4. a connecting member; 5. a fixed seat; 6. a motor bracket; 7. a drive motor; 8. a base; 9. a data acquisition terminal; 10. a battery; 11. a measured member; 12. a wire; 13. briquetting; 14. a laser range finder; 15. a first groove; 16. a second groove; 17. and a third groove.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments will be described in detail herein. When the following description refers to the accompanying drawings, like numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The implementations described in the exemplary embodiments below are not intended to represent all implementations consistent with the present disclosure. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatus and methods consistent with certain aspects of the present disclosure, as detailed in the appended claims.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the device for measuring the initial line shape of a temporary component disclosed in this embodiment includes two bases 8, a linear sliding table is provided on the base 8, a laser distance meter 14 capable of sliding along the linear sliding table is provided on the linear sliding table, a measured component 11 is provided on one side of the linear sliding table, the measured component 11 is parallel to the sliding direction of the laser distance meter 14, and the laser distance meter 14 is connected to a data acquisition terminal 9 through a wire 12.
The two bases 8 are parallel to each other. And a connecting piece 4 is also arranged between the guide rail and the linear sliding table.
The base 8 is provided with a first groove 15, a second groove 16 and a third groove 17 which are parallel to each other, the depth of the first groove 15 is lower than that of the third groove 17, the linear sliding table is arranged in the second groove 16, and the measured component 11 is arranged in the first groove 15 or the third groove 17.
The linear sliding table is provided with two parallel guide rails 3, two ends of each guide rail 3 are respectively provided with a rear cover 1, the middle part of each guide rail 3 is provided with a synchronous toothed belt 2, the rear cover 1 is provided with a roller, and two ends of each synchronous toothed belt 2 are respectively wound on the rollers; a fixing seat 5 for fixing the laser range finder 14 is arranged above the guide rail 3, two sides of the bottom of the fixing seat 5 are respectively arranged on two sections of the guide rail 3 in a spanning mode, and the middle of the fixing seat 5 is connected with the synchronous toothed belt 2.
The roller is driven to rotate by a driving motor 7, the driving motor 7 is arranged on a motor bracket 6, and the motor bracket 6 is connected with the rear cover 1; the drive motor 7 is powered by a battery 10.
The apparatus further comprises a press block 13.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 3 to 17, the present embodiment discloses a method for measuring an initial line shape of a temporary member, the method including the steps of:
s1, placing two bases 8 on a flat ground in parallel;
s2, judging the size relation between the length of the detected member 11 and the preset length, and if the length of the detected member 11 is smaller than or equal to the preset length, performing the step S21; if the length of the measured member 11 is greater than the preset length, step S22 is performed, where the preset length is N meters, and N may be the length of any public transportation vehicle, such as 0.8 meter, 1 meter, or 1.2 meters; the preset length is the length of the maximum movement path of the laser range finder 14; the length of the linear sliding table is equal to the sum of the preset length and the lengths of the two rear covers 1;
the step S21 includes the steps of:
s211, adjusting the distance between the two bases 8 to the length of the component 11 to be measured;
s212, respectively placing the linear sliding table and the tested component 11 in different grooves of the base 8;
s213, opening the laser range finder 14, adjusting the angle of laser emitted by the laser range finder 14 to enable the laser to strike the middle of the measured surface of the measured component 11, and opening the driving motor 7 and the data acquisition terminal 9 to obtain a curve of the distance between the measured surface of the measured component 11 and the linear sliding table;
s214, obtaining an initial line shape of the measured component 11 according to a curve of the distance between the measured surface of the measured component 11 and the linear sliding table;
the step S22 includes the steps of:
s221, drawing a straight line on the flat ground, determining the straight line as an X axis, marking the straight line, wherein the length of the drawn straight line is greater than that of the component 11 to be measured; placing the measured member 11 on a flat ground, and enabling a connecting line of two ends of the measured member 11 to be parallel to the drawn straight line, wherein the left end of the connecting line is aligned with the left end of the drawn straight line;
s222, a left side end point is set as a coordinate origin, the shortest distances from the left end, integral multiples of a preset length and the right end of the measured side face of the measured component 11 are measured along the X axis from a left measuring point in sequence by using the laser range finder 14, and the data are recorded as a first group of measured data;
s223, adjusting the distance between the two bases 8 to a preset length, and respectively placing the linear sliding table and the measured component 11 in different grooves of the bases 8;
s224, the left end of the tested component 11 is parallel to the left base 8, the pressing block 13 is pressed at the left end or the right end of the tested component 11, the tested component 11 is supported on the base 8, and the tested component 11 at the inner side of the edge of the right base 8 is marked;
s225, opening the laser range finder 14, adjusting the angle of laser emitted by the laser range finder 14, enabling the laser to strike the middle of the measured surface of the measured component 11, opening the driving motor 7 and the data acquisition terminal 9, and measuring the curve of the shortest distance between the measured side surface of the measured component 11 and the linear sliding table within a first preset length span range;
s226, moving the detected component 11 leftwards to enable the detected component 11 to be marked right on the inner side of the left side base 8, and measuring a curve of the shortest distance between the detected side face of the detected component 11 and the linear sliding table within a second preset length span range by adopting the same method in the step S225;
s227, sequentially and circularly performing the steps S225 and S226, so that the curve of the shortest distance between the measured side surface of the measured component 11 and the linear sliding table within the nth preset length span range can be measured; n is an integral multiple of 1;
s228, when the length of the detected component 11 is not integral multiple of the preset length, recording the part, which is less than the preset length, of the last section of the detected component 11 as a tail section, and measuring the curve of the shortest distance between the lateral surface of the tail section and the linear sliding table by using the step in the step S21; recording the data measured in steps S224 to S228 as a second set of measured data;
s229, according to the first set of measured data and the second set of measured data, the initial linear shape of the measured component 11 is obtained.
When the length of the measured member 11 is less than or equal to the preset length, the initial line shape of the measured member 11 can be obtained by the following steps:
s311, the distance between the left side measuring point and the laser emitting point is planed out in the measured data, and the initial line shape between the two end points of the measured object can be obtained.
When the length of the measured member 11 is greater than the preset length, the initial line shape of the measured member 11 can be obtained by the following steps:
s321, calculating rise of the measured component 11 at the integral multiple preset length based on the first group of measured data;
s322, adjusting the horizontal coordinate: adjusting the abscissa of the 2 nd and subsequent measurements based on the second set of measured data; adding 1 time of preset length to the abscissa measured for the second time, adding n-1 time of preset length to the abscissa measured for the nth time to obtain curves of all measurement results along the length direction of the measured component 11, and subtracting the distance between the laser source and the measured surface of the measured component 11 from the ordinate value of the curve to obtain the initial bending rate between the two end points measured each time;
s323, sequentially rotating and translating the initial line shape between the two measuring end points according to a similar principle, so that longitudinal coordinate values of the two end points of the initial line shape are equal to the rise of the measured component 11 at integral multiple preset length;
and S324, forming an initial line shape of a certain side surface of the tested component 11 by each initial line shape after rotation and translation.
In the method, the method for eliminating the abnormal data comprises the following steps:
origin of the abnormal data: according to the results of early statistical analysis, the initial bending rate obeys exponential distribution; due to repeated use and rough assembly and disassembly in a construction site, the initial bending rate of a few components is often too large; in addition, due to improper measurement operation, the initial bending ratio may be abnormally large or abnormally small; during statistics, the data which are too large or too small are called abnormal data and should be removed before statistics.
S41, dividing abnormal data into two types, wherein the first type is abnormal data with overlarge discreteness, and the second type is abnormal data with larger discreteness;
s42, eliminating first-class abnormal data by adopting a mapping transformation method, a relation of statistical parameters between a truncated normal distribution random variable and a 3 sigma criterion, wherein the specific process is as follows:
s421, sequencing all sample data, marking the sample group as X, and obtaining each sample XiAnd the corresponding quantile point value FX(xi) Changing all sample data into normal random variable sample y containing all abnormal data by mapping transformation methodiThe sample group is marked as Y;
s422, based on Y, sequencing all sample data, taking numbers between 0.20-0.80 quantile values, considering that the numbers do not contain abnormal data, and then based on the relation of statistical parameters between the truncated normal random variable and the normal random variable, obtaining the statistical parameters of the random variable without the abnormal data: mean μ and standard deviation σ;
s423, eliminating overlarge abnormal data by adopting a 3 sigma criterion, namely, when | yiMu | 3 σ, will be equal to yiCorresponding sample xiRemoving, the group consisting of the remaining samples is X1, and the intra-group sample is denoted as X1i；
S43, eliminating second-class abnormal data in X1 by adopting a mapping transformation method, a relation of statistical parameters between a truncated normal distribution random variable and a normal distribution random variable, an estimation method of the number of abnormal data and an estimation method of abnormal data distribution; the specific process is as follows:
s431. based on X1, with sample X1iOrdering all sample data for the research object to obtain each sample x1iAnd the corresponding quantile point value FX1(x1i) Obtaining normal sample y containing abnormal data with large discreteness by adopting mapping transformation method1iThe sample group is Y1 with standard deviation of
Mean value of
S432, based on Y1, sorting all sample data, taking numbers between 0.20-0.80 quantile values, considering that the numbers do not contain abnormal data, and then based on the relation of statistical parameters between a truncated normal random variable and a normal random variable, obtaining the statistical parameters of the random variable without the abnormal data: standard deviation sigma1Mean value μ1And;
s433, an abnormal data number estimation method comprises the following steps: push button
And
the proportion of the abnormal data in X1 is estimated according to the relative error of the abnormal data, and the proportion is expressed by the following formula:
in the formula, n1The number of the second type of abnormal data; n is a radical of1Total number of samples of X1, β is a coefficient;
s434. based on
And mu1Calculating the ratio of the number of large abnormal samples and small abnormal samples when the relative error is relatively largeWhen the absolute value of the error is smaller than a certain threshold value B1, recording as a condition one, and considering that the number of the large abnormal samples is equal to that of the small abnormal samples; when the relative error is greater than a certain positive threshold value B2, all are considered large abnormal samples; when the relative error is less than some negative threshold-B2, all are considered small outlier samples; when the relative error is between B1 and B2, noted as case two, the number of large outlier samples increases linearly with the increase of the threshold; or when the relative error is between the values-B1 and-B2, noted as case three, the number of small outlier samples increases linearly with decreasing threshold;
s435, in X1, eliminating samples corresponding to the abnormal samples in Y1, and setting a group consisting of the residual samples as X2;
s44, carrying out statistical analysis based on X2.
The present invention will be described with reference to specific data.
The initial defect of the component is shown in figure 4, and is less than 4 meters of the component.
Obtaining of initial line shape
1. Firstly, drawing a straight line on a flat ground, setting the straight line as an X axis, marking the positions 1 meter, 2 meters and 3 meters on the line as 1 point, 2 point and 3 point, and marking the two end points as 0 point and 4 point. The measured member 11 is placed on a flat ground, a connecting line of two ends of the measured member 11 is parallel to a drawn straight line, the left end is aligned with the left end of the drawn straight line, the left end point is used as a coordinate origin, and the distances from 0 point to 4 points are measured along the X axis by a laser distance measuring instrument from the left measuring point and are represented by y0, y1, y2, y3 and y4 (wherein y0 is y4), as shown in FIG. 4.
2. The net distance of 2 bases is adjusted to 1.0 meter, the linear sliding table and the measured member 11 are sequentially placed in the groove of the base 8, the left end of the measured member 11 is parallel to the left base, the pressing block 13 is pressed at the left end or the right end of the measured member 11, the measured member 11 is supported on the base 8, and the measured member 11 at the inner side of the supporting edge of the right side is marked. Measuring the curve of the distance between the measured side surface of the measured component 11 and the linear sliding table within the first 1.0 meter span range by adopting the same method; moving the measured component 11 leftwards to enable the component mark to be just positioned at the inner side of the left base, and measuring a curve of the distance between the measured side surface of the measured component 11 and the linear sliding table within the second 1.0 meter span range by adopting the same method; in the same way, the curve of the distance between the measured side surface of the measured component 11 and the linear sliding table in the third 1.0 meter span range can be measured; the last section is less than 1.0 meter, and the curve of the distance between the lateral surface of the last section of the booklet member 11 and the linear sliding table is measured by adopting the method of the net span of less than 1 meter. The measurement process is shown in fig. 5 to 8.
3. Calculating the rise of the measured member 11 at the whole meter, as shown in fig. 4, the specific formula is:
bi＝yi-y0
4. adjusting the horizontal coordinate: the abscissa of the 2 nd measurement plus 1.0 meter, the abscissa of the 3 rd measurement plus 2.0 meters, and the abscissa of the 4 th measurement plus 3.0 meters were used to obtain the curves of all the measurements along the length direction of the member 11 as shown in fig. 9. The distance between the laser source and the measured surface of the measured member 11 is subtracted from the ordinate of the curve to obtain an initial line shape between the two end points of each measurement, as shown by the hatched curve in fig. 9.
5. And sequentially rotating and translating the initial line shape between the two measuring end points to ensure that the longitudinal coordinate values of the two end points of the initial line shape are equal to the rise of the measured member in a whole meter.
6. Each initial line shape after rotation and translation constitutes an initial line shape of a certain side of one member, as shown in fig. 10.
Sorting original data: the measurement index of the initial linear shape is the initial bending rate and the distance between two bending points, and the initial bending rate is the ratio of the maximum rise between the two bending points of one curve to the straight line distance. For each initial line shape, the maximum initial curvature is taken as a sample. A total of 105 samples were obtained this time.
Culling of anomalous data
A total of 114 samples were obtained this time, see fig. 11.
7. The first-class abnormal data is eliminated by adopting a mapping transformation method, a relation of statistical parameters between a truncated normal distribution random variable and a 3 sigma criterion, and the specific process is as follows:
7.1, sorting all sample data, marking the sample group as X, and obtaining each samplexiAnd the corresponding quantile point value FX(xi) Obtaining a sample group according to the formula (1) by adopting a mapping transformation method, marking the sample group as Y, wherein the sample data is shown in a figure 12;
yi＝Φ-1[FX(xi)] (1)
7.2, sorting all sample data based on Y, taking numbers between 0.20-0.80 quantile values, considering that the numbers do not contain abnormal data, counting the samples to obtain a mean value mu0And standard deviation σ0；
μ0＝0.0419
σ0＝0.4182
7.3 statistical parameters for random variables without outliers μ ═ μ0，σ＝2.16σ0Eliminating oversize abnormal data by adopting a 3 sigma criterion when y isiMu | 3 σ, will be equal to yiCorresponding sample xiAnd (4) eliminating the abnormal data, which is shown in figure 13. The group of the remaining samples is X1, and the intra-group sample is denoted as X1iThe number of samples is 110, see fig. 14.
8. And then removing second-class abnormal data in X1 by adopting a mapping transformation method, a relation of statistical parameters between a truncated normal distribution random variable and a normal distribution random variable, an estimation method of the number of abnormal data and an estimation method of abnormal data distribution. The specific process is as follows: 8.1X 1 based on, with sample X1iOrdering all sample data for the research object to obtain each sample x1iAnd the corresponding quantile point value FX1(x1i) Obtaining a normal sample y containing abnormal data with large discreteness according to an equation (2) by adopting a mapping transformation method1iThe sample group is Y1 with standard deviation of
Mean value of
See fig. 15.
y1i＝Φ-1[FX1(x1i)] (2)
8.2, sorting all sample data based on Y1, taking the number between 0.20-0.80 quantile values, counting the samples to obtain the mean value mu10And standard deviation σ10；
μ10＝0.0419
σ10＝0.403
The statistical parameter of random variable without abnormal data is mu1＝μ10，σ1＝2.16σ10；
8.3, the method for estimating the number n of abnormal data comprises the following steps: push button
Calculated n is 4.
The number ratio of the large abnormal samples to the small abnormal samples: the ratio of the number of large abnormal samples to the number of small abnormal samples is based on
And mu1When the absolute value of the relative error is less than 10%, the number of the large abnormal samples and the small abnormal samples is considered to be equal; when the relative error is more than 60%, all the samples are considered as large abnormal samples; when the relative error is less than-60%, all are considered small outlier samples. The relative error is calculated as:
and finally, determining that 4 abnormal data, 3 small values and 1 large value are removed in total, wherein the removed data is shown in a figure 16. The group of samples from which all abnormal data were removed is shown in FIG. 17, for a total of 106 samples.
4.3 the statistical results are:
it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (8)
1. A method for measuring an initial alignment of a temporary structure, the method comprising the steps of:
s1, placing two bases (8) in parallel on a flat ground;
s2, judging the size relation between the length of the detected member (11) and the preset length, and if the length of the detected member (11) is smaller than or equal to the preset length, performing the step S21; if the length of the measured member (11) is greater than the preset length, the step S22 is executed;
the step S21 includes the steps of:
s211, adjusting the distance between the two bases (8) to the length of the component (11) to be measured;
s212, respectively placing the linear sliding table and the tested component (11) in different grooves of the base (8);
s213, opening the laser range finder (14), adjusting the angle of laser emitted by the laser range finder (14), enabling the laser to strike the middle part of the measured surface of the measured component (11), and opening the driving motor (7) and the data acquisition terminal (9) to obtain a curve of the distance between the measured surface of the measured component (11) and the linear sliding table;
s214, obtaining an initial line shape of the measured component (11) according to a curve of the distance between the measured surface of the measured component (11) and the linear sliding table;
the step S22 includes the steps of:
s221, drawing a straight line on the flat ground, determining the straight line as an X axis, marking the straight line, wherein the length of the drawn straight line is greater than that of the component (11) to be measured; placing the measured member (11) on a flat ground, and enabling a connecting line of two ends of the measured member (11) to be parallel to the drawn straight line and the left end to be aligned with the left end of the drawn straight line;
s222, a left side end point is set as a coordinate origin, the shortest distances from the left end of the measured side face of the measured component (11), integral multiples of a preset length and the right end are measured along the X axis in sequence from a left measuring point by using a laser range finder (14), and the data are recorded as a first group of measured data;
s223, adjusting the distance between the two bases (8) to a preset length, and respectively placing the linear sliding table and the measured component (11) in different grooves of the bases (8);
s224, the left end of the detected component (11) is parallel to the left base (8), the pressing block (13) is pressed at the left end or the right end of the detected component (11), the detected component (11) is supported on the base (8), and the detected component (11) at the inner side of the edge of the right base (8) is marked;
s225, opening the laser range finder (14), adjusting the angle of laser emitted by the laser range finder (14), enabling the laser to strike the middle of the measured surface of the measured component (11), opening the driving motor (7) and the data acquisition terminal (9), and measuring the curve of the shortest distance between the measured side surface of the measured component (11) and the linear sliding table within a first preset length span range;
s226, moving the detected component (11) leftwards to enable the detected component (11) to be marked right on the inner side of the left base (8), and measuring a curve of the shortest distance between the detected side surface of the detected component (11) and the linear sliding table within a second preset length span range by adopting the same method in the step S225;
s227, sequentially and circularly performing the steps S225 and S226, so that the curve of the shortest distance between the measured side surface of the measured component (11) and the linear sliding table in the nth preset length span range can be measured; n is an integral multiple of 1;
s228, when the length of the detected component (11) is not integral multiple of the preset length, recording the part, which is less than the preset length, of the last section of the detected component (11) as a tail section, and measuring the curve of the shortest distance between the side surface of the tail section and the linear sliding table by using the step in the step S21; recording the data measured in steps S224 to S228 as a second set of measured data;
s229, obtaining an initial line shape of the detected component (11) according to the first group of detected data and the second group of detected data;
be provided with sharp slip table on base (8), be provided with on the sharp slip table and follow gliding laser range finder (14) of sharp slip table, surveyed component (11) and set up in one side of sharp slip table, and surveyed component (11) and laser range finder's (14) slip direction parallel, laser range finder (14) pass through wire (12) and link to each other with data acquisition terminal (9).
2. The method of measuring an initial line shape of a temporary member according to claim 1, wherein: the two bases (8) are parallel to each other.
3. The method of measuring an initial line shape of a temporary member according to claim 1, wherein: be provided with first recess (15), second recess (16) and third recess (17) that are parallel to each other on base (8), the degree of depth of first recess (15) is less than third recess (17), the sharp slip table sets up in second recess (16), measured component (11) set up in first recess (15) or third recess (17).
4. The method of measuring an initial line shape of a temporary member according to claim 1, wherein: the linear sliding table is provided with two parallel guide rails (3), two ends of each guide rail (3) are respectively provided with a rear cover (1), the middle part of each guide rail (3) is provided with a synchronous toothed belt (2), the rear cover (1) is provided with a roller, and two ends of each synchronous toothed belt (2) are respectively wound on the rollers; a fixing seat (5) for fixing the laser range finder (14) is arranged above the guide rail (3), two sides of the bottom of the fixing seat (5) are respectively arranged on two sections of the guide rail (3) in a spanning mode, and the middle of the fixing seat (5) is connected with the synchronous toothed belt (2).
5. The method of measuring an initial line shape of a temporary member according to claim 4, wherein: the roller is driven to rotate by a driving motor (7), the driving motor (7) is arranged on a motor support (6), and the motor support (6) is connected with the rear cover (1); the driving motor (7) is powered by a battery (10).
6. The method for measuring the initial alignment of a temporary member according to claim 1, wherein when the length of the member (11) to be measured is less than or equal to a preset length, the initial alignment of the member (11) to be measured can be obtained by:
s311, the distance between the left side measuring point and the laser emitting point is planed out in the measured data, and the initial line shape between the two end points of the measured object can be obtained.
7. The method for measuring the initial linear shape of the temporary member according to claim 1, wherein when the length of the member (11) to be measured is greater than a preset length, the initial linear shape of the member (11) to be measured can be obtained by:
s321, calculating rise of the measured component (11) at the integral multiple preset length based on the first group of measured data;
s322, adjusting the horizontal coordinate: adjusting the abscissa of the 2 nd and subsequent measurements based on the second set of measured data; adding 1 time of preset length to the abscissa measured for the second time, adding (n-1) time of preset length to the abscissa measured for the nth time to obtain a curve of all measurement results along the length direction of the measured member (11), and subtracting the distance between the laser source and the measured surface of the measured member (11) from the ordinate value of the curve to obtain the initial bending rate between the two end points measured each time;
s323, sequentially rotating and translating the initial line shape between the two measuring end points according to a similar principle to enable longitudinal coordinate values of the two end points of the initial line shape to be equal to the rise of the measured component (11) at an integral multiple preset length;
s324, each initial linear shape after rotation and translation forms an initial linear shape of a certain side face of the tested component (11).
8. The method for measuring the initial linear shape of the temporary member according to claim 1 or 7, wherein the method for eliminating the abnormal data comprises the following steps:
s41, dividing abnormal data into two types, wherein the first type is abnormal data with overlarge discreteness, and the second type is abnormal data with larger discreteness;
s42, eliminating first-class abnormal data by adopting a mapping transformation method, a relation of statistical parameters between a truncated normal distribution random variable and a 3 sigma criterion, wherein the specific process is as follows:
s421, sequencing all sample data, marking the sample group as X, and obtaining each sample XiAnd the corresponding quantile point value FX(xi) Changing all sample data into normal random variable sample y containing all abnormal data by mapping transformation methodiThe sample group is marked as Y;
s422, based on Y, sequencing all sample data, taking numbers between 0.20-0.80 quantile values, considering that the numbers do not contain abnormal data, and then based on the relation of statistical parameters between the truncated normal random variable and the normal random variable, obtaining the statistical parameters of the random variable without the abnormal data: mean μ and standard deviation σ;
s423, eliminating overlarge abnormal data by adopting a 3 sigma criterion, namely, when | yiMu | 3 σ, will be equal to yiCorresponding sample xiRemoving, the group consisting of the remaining samples is X1, and the intra-group sample is denoted as X1i；
S43, rejecting second-class abnormal data in the X1; the specific process is as follows:
s431. based on X1, with sample X1iOrdering all sample data for the research object to obtain each sample x1iAnd the corresponding quantile point value FX1(x1i) Obtaining normal sample y containing abnormal data with large discreteness by adopting mapping transformation method1iThe sample group is Y1 with standard deviation of
Mean value of
S432, based on Y1, sorting all sample data, taking numbers between 0.20-0.80 quantile values, considering that the numbers do not contain abnormal data, and then based on the relation of statistical parameters between a truncated normal random variable and a normal random variable, obtaining the statistical parameters of the random variable without the abnormal data: standard deviation sigma1Mean value μ1；
S433. press
And
the proportion of the abnormal data in X1 is estimated according to the relative error of the abnormal data, and the proportion is expressed by the following formula:
in the formula, n1The number of the second type of abnormal data; n is a radical of1Total number of samples of X1, β is a coefficient;
s434. based on
And mu1Calculating the ratio of the number of the large abnormal samples to the number of the small abnormal samples, and when the absolute value of the relative error is smaller than a threshold value B1, recording as a condition one, and considering that the number of the large abnormal samples is equal to that of the small abnormal samples; when the relative error is greater than a positive threshold value B2, all are considered large abnormal samples; when the relative error is less than a negative threshold-B2, all are considered small outlier samples; when the relative error is between B1 and B2, noted as case two, the number of large outlier samples increases linearly with the increase of the threshold; when the relative error is between the values-B1 and-B2, noted case three, the number of small outlier samples increases linearly with decreasing threshold;
s435, at X1, samples corresponding to the abnormal samples in Y1 are removed, and a group of remaining samples is X2.
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