CN110985010A - Loess tunnel construction method and two operation surface structures in single-footage construction - Google Patents
Loess tunnel construction method and two operation surface structures in single-footage construction Download PDFInfo
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- CN110985010A CN110985010A CN201911331492.1A CN201911331492A CN110985010A CN 110985010 A CN110985010 A CN 110985010A CN 201911331492 A CN201911331492 A CN 201911331492A CN 110985010 A CN110985010 A CN 110985010A
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 238000013213 extrapolation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007569 slipcasting Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000476 body water Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/04—Driving tunnels or galleries through loose materials; Apparatus therefor not otherwise provided for
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/003—Linings or provisions thereon, specially adapted for traffic tunnels, e.g. with built-in cleaning devices
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/38—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
A loess tunnel construction method and two kinds of operation face structures in the single footage construction, first, confirm the outline line of excavation face, drive into the steel pipe with grouting hole along the outline line of excavation face, then slip casting; excavating a water injection hole on the tunnel face; after water is injected, quickly excavating along the full section of the inner ring; after the excavation is finished, a concrete layer is sprayed, a waterproof layer is arranged, secondary lining is applied, and at the moment, the current footage construction is finished; repeating the steps to carry out the construction of the next footage; according to the invention, water is injected into the area to be excavated through the water injection holes, so that the loess strength can be reduced, and the water stop layer consisting of the steel pipe and the grouting body is constructed, so that in the construction process, on one hand, the water injected through the water injection holes can be prevented from entering the surrounding rock, the surrounding rock strength is reduced, and the purpose of softening the area to be excavated is achieved; on the other hand, the protective effect is achieved, and the full-section rapid excavation is facilitated; the invention has the characteristics of high efficiency, safety and strong controllability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel construction, and particularly relates to a loess tunnel construction method and two operation surface structures in single-footage construction.
Background
With the implementation of the strategy developed in western China, the traffic infrastructure is rapidly developed. The loess strata in the western region are widely distributed, and with the continuous improvement of a traffic network, more and more tunnels need to be built in the loess strata. At present, loess tunnel construction is carried out by referring to a soft rock tunnel construction method, a step method, a reserved core soil annular excavation method, a CD method, a CRD method and the like are often adopted, and although the methods can ensure normal construction of the loess tunnel, the methods do not consider the particularity of loess, so that the construction efficiency is low; loess has obvious soaking and collapsible properties, and if the characteristic can be fully considered in construction, the construction efficiency can be greatly improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a loess tunnel construction method and two operation surface structures in single-footage construction, which can fully utilize the characteristic that loess is soaked and collapsed, control the soaking and collapsing range of the loess through an isolation structure and a support structure so as to improve the construction efficiency, and have the characteristics of high efficiency, safety and strong controllability.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a loess tunnel construction method includes the following steps:
step 1: determining an excavation surface contour line; determining the length of a footage to be 5-15 m, and performing construction of the current footage;
step 2: a circle of steel pipes 1 with grouting holes 7 are driven into the loess surrounding rock at an outward insertion angle of 1-5 degrees along the contour line of the excavation surface, and the steel pipes 1 are mutually attached to enclose a steel pipe circle layer 6;
and step 3: grouting the surrounding rock through a grouting device through the steel pipe 1, and forming a water stop layer 9 by the steel pipe ring layer 6 and the grouting body 8;
and 4, step 4: excavating 3-5 water injection holes 2 on the tunnel face; when the construction of the first stage is finished, the construction of the second stage is carried out; in the two-stage construction, water is injected into the water injection holes 2 to ensure that the loess is soaked and softened;
and 5: excavating the contour surface along the inner wall of the water stopping layer 9 by adopting a cantilever excavator;
step 6: after the section is excavated and formed, a concrete layer 3 is sprayed on the inner ring of the steel pipe ring layer 6, and a waterproof layer 4 is arranged on the inner ring of the concrete layer through a waterproof board;
and 7: after the waterproof layer 4 is arranged, a secondary lining 5 is constructed on the inner wall of the waterproof layer 4, and tunnel auxiliary facilities are constructed;
and 8: and (4) after one construction footage is finished, repeating the steps 2 to 7, and constructing the next footage until the tunnel is communicated.
The length of the water injection hole 2 is 1.5-2.5 meters less than that of the steel pipe 1; the length part of the steel pipe 1, which is larger than the water injection hole, is used as the lap joint length of the current footage and the next footage.
The thickness of the concrete layer 3 is 3-7 cm.
The length of the steel pipe 1 is 8-12 meters, the diameter is 3-5 cm, and the wall thickness is 0.5-0.8 cm.
The steel pipe 1 is provided with a row of grouting holes 7 on two opposite sides, the diameter of each grouting hole 7 is 1-3 cm, and the interval between every two grouting holes 7 is 5-10 cm.
The utility model provides an operation face structure that single footage one-stage construction was ended in loess tunnel construction, includes stagnant water layer 9, be equipped with a plurality of water injection hole 2 in the soil body of stagnant water layer 9 inside.
The water stopping layer 9 comprises a steel pipe ring layer 6 and a grouting body 8; the steel pipe ring layer 6 is formed by mutually clinging and enclosing the steel pipes 1.
The steel pipe 1 is driven into loess surrounding rock at an external insertion angle of 1-5 degrees.
The length of the steel pipe 1 is 8-12 meters, the diameter is 3-5 cm, and the wall thickness is 0.5-0.8 cm.
And two opposite sides of the steel pipe 1 are respectively provided with a row of grouting holes 7.
The diameter of the grouting holes 7 is 1-3 cm, and the interval between the grouting holes 7 is 5-10 cm.
The utility model provides an operation face structure that single advance two-stage construction was ended in loess tunnel construction, includes stagnant water layer 9, and the inner circle of stagnant water layer 9 is equipped with concrete layer 3, and waterproof layer 4 has been laid to concrete layer 3's inboard, and secondary lining 5 has been executed to waterproof layer 4's inboard.
The water stopping layer 9 comprises a steel pipe ring layer 6 and a grouting body 8; the steel pipe ring layer 6 is formed by mutually clinging and enclosing the steel pipes 1.
The steel pipe 1 is driven into loess surrounding rock at an external insertion angle of 1-5 degrees.
The length of the steel pipe 1 is 8-12 meters, the diameter is 3-5 cm, and the wall thickness is 0.5-0.8 cm.
And two opposite sides of the steel pipe 1 are respectively provided with a row of grouting holes 7.
The diameter of the grouting holes 7 is 1-3 cm, and the interval between the grouting holes 7 is 5-10 cm.
The thickness of the concrete layer 3 is 3-7 cm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: water is injected into the area to be excavated through the water injection holes 2, so that the loess strength can be reduced; in the construction process, the water stop layer 9 is formed by the steel pipe ring layer 6 and the grouting body 8, so that on one hand, water in the water injection hole 2 can be prevented from entering the surrounding rock, the strength of the surrounding rock is reduced, and the purpose of only softening an area to be excavated is achieved, and in addition, the water stop layer 9 can also be used as a main supporting structure; the concrete layer 3 is applied without supporting and leveling, so that the construction efficiency can be improved and the investment can be saved; the water stopping layer 9 plays a role in protection, and is favorable for rapid excavation of a full section; the construction disturbance can be reduced by adopting full-section rapid excavation; the secondary lining 5 can form a supporting ring in time to ensure safety.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a working face structure in which construction is finished at a single advancing stage in loess tunnel construction.
Fig. 2 is a working face structure in which construction at a single advancing stage and construction at two stages in loess tunnel construction are finished.
Fig. 3 is a side cross-sectional view of the work surface after completion of the single-track two-stage construction.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the steel pipe 1.
In the figure: 1. a steel pipe; 2. a water injection hole; 3. a concrete layer; 4. a waterproof layer; 5. secondary lining; 6. a steel pipe ring layer; 7. grouting holes; 8. grouting; 9. and (5) a water stopping layer.
Detailed Description
The invention is further explained below with reference to the figures and examples.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a loess tunnel construction method includes the steps of:
step 1: determining an excavation surface contour line; determining the length of one footage to be 8m, and performing construction of the current footage;
step 2: a circle of steel pipes 1 with grouting holes 7 are driven into the loess surrounding rock at an outer plug angle of 2 degrees along the contour line of the excavation surface, and the steel pipes 1 are mutually attached to enclose a steel pipe circle layer 6;
and step 3: grouting the surrounding rock through a grouting device through the steel pipe 1, and forming a water stop layer 9 by the steel pipe ring layer 6 and the grouting body 8;
and 4, step 4: excavating 3 water injection holes 2 on the tunnel face; when the construction of the first stage is finished, the construction of the second stage is carried out; in the two-stage construction, water is injected into the water injection holes 2 to ensure that the loess is soaked and softened;
and 5: excavating the contour surface along the inner wall of the water stopping layer 9 by adopting a cantilever excavator;
step 6: after the section is excavated and formed, a concrete layer 3 is sprayed on the inner ring of the steel pipe ring layer 6, and a waterproof layer 4 is arranged on the inner ring of the concrete layer through a waterproof board;
and 7: after the waterproof layer 4 is arranged, the secondary lining 5 is integrally constructed, and the auxiliary facilities of the tunnel are constructed;
and 8: and (4) after one construction footage is finished, repeating the steps 2 to 7, and constructing the next footage until the tunnel is communicated.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the length of the water injection hole 2 is 8m, and the length of the water injection hole 2 is 2m less than that of the steel pipe 1 in practical use, and the 2m is used as the overlapping length of the next footage.
Referring to fig. 2, the thickness of the concrete layer 3 is 5 cm.
Referring to fig. 4, the steel pipe 1 has a length of 10m, a diameter of 3cm and a wall thickness of 0.6 cm.
The steel pipe 1 is provided with a row of grouting holes 7 on two opposite sides, the diameter of each grouting hole 7 is 2cm, and the interval between every two grouting holes 7 is 7.5 cm.
And (3) carrying out full-face rapid excavation on the contour surface along the inner wall of the steel pipe 1 by adopting a cantilever tunneling machine.
Referring to fig. 1, the working face structure for single-footage one-stage construction completion in loess tunnel construction comprises a water stopping layer 9, wherein a plurality of water injection holes 2 are formed in a soil body inside the water stopping layer 9.
The water stop layer 9 comprises a steel pipe ring layer 6 and a grouting body 8.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the length of the water injection hole 2 is 8m, and the length of the water injection hole 2 is 2m less than that of the steel pipe 1 in practical use, and the 2m is used as the overlapping length of the next footage.
Referring to fig. 3, the steel pipe ring layer 6 is formed by the steel pipes 1 which are tightly attached to each other; the steel pipe 1 is driven into the loess surrounding rock at an external insertion angle of 2 degrees.
Referring to fig. 4, the steel pipe 1 has a length of 10m, a diameter of 3cm and a wall thickness of 0.6 cm.
Referring to fig. 4, two opposite sides of the steel pipe 1 are respectively provided with a row of grouting holes 7; the diameter of the grouting holes 7 is 2cm, and the interval between the grouting holes 7 is 7.5 cm.
The utility model provides an operation face structure that single advance two-stage construction was ended in loess tunnel construction, includes stagnant water layer 9, and the inner circle of stagnant water layer 9 is equipped with concrete layer 3, and waterproof layer 4 has been laid to concrete layer 3's inboard, and secondary lining 5 has been executed to waterproof layer 4's inboard.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the water stop layer 9 comprises a steel pipe ring layer 6 and a grouting body 8; the steel pipe ring layer 6 is formed by mutually clinging and enclosing the steel pipes 1.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the length of the water injection hole 2 is 8m, and the length of the water injection hole 2 is 2m less than that of the steel pipe 1 in practical use, and the 2m is used as the overlapping length of the next footage.
Referring to fig. 2, the thickness of the concrete layer 3 is 5 cm.
Referring to fig. 3, the steel pipe 1 is driven into the loess surrounding rock at an external insertion angle of 2 °.
Referring to fig. 4, the steel pipe 1 has a length of 10m, a diameter of 3cm and a wall thickness of 0.6 cm.
Referring to fig. 4, two opposite sides of the steel pipe 1 are respectively provided with a row of grouting holes 7; the diameter of the grouting holes 7 is 2cm, and the interval between the grouting holes 7 is 7.5 cm.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: injecting water into the area to be excavated through the water injection hole 2, softening soil in the area to be excavated and reducing the strength of the soil; a steel pipe-grouting body water stop layer is arranged to prevent water in the water injection holes 2 from entering the surrounding rock and reduce the strength of the surrounding rock; the construction disturbance is reduced by adopting full-section rapid excavation; the secondary lining 5 can form a supporting and protecting ring to ensure safety.
Claims (10)
1. A loess tunnel construction method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: determining an excavation surface contour line; determining the length of a footage to be 5-15 m, and performing construction of the current footage;
step 2: a circle of steel pipes (1) with grouting holes (7) are driven into the loess surrounding rock at an extrapolation angle of 1-5 degrees along the contour line of the excavation surface, and the steel pipes (1) are mutually attached to form a steel pipe circle layer (6);
and step 3: grouting the surrounding rock through a grouting device through a steel pipe (1), and forming a water stop layer (9) by a steel pipe ring layer (6) and a grouting body (8);
and 4, step 4: excavating 3-5 water injection holes (2) on the tunnel face; when the construction of the first stage is finished, the construction of the second stage is carried out; in the two-stage construction, water is injected into the water injection holes (2) to ensure that the loess is soaked and softened;
and 5: excavating the profile surface along the inner wall of the water stopping layer (9) by adopting a cantilever excavator;
step 6: after the section is excavated and formed, a concrete layer (3) is sprayed on the inner ring of the steel pipe ring layer (6), and a waterproof layer (4) is arranged on the inner ring of the concrete layer through a waterproof board;
and 7: after the waterproof layer (4) is arranged, the secondary lining (5) is integrally constructed, and the tunnel auxiliary facilities are constructed;
and 8: and (4) after one construction footage is finished, repeating the steps 2 to 7, and constructing the next footage until the tunnel is communicated.
2. The loess tunnel construction method according to claim 1, wherein the steel pipe (1) has a length of 8 to 12 m, a diameter of 3 to 5cm and a wall thickness of 0.5 to 0.8 cm.
3. The loess tunnel construction method according to claim 1, wherein the length of the water injection holes (2) is 1.5 to 2.5 m less than that of the steel pipes (1); the length part of the steel pipe (1) which is larger than the water injection hole (2) is used as the lapping length of the current footage and the next footage.
4. The loess tunnel construction method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a row of injection holes (7) are formed at opposite sides of the steel pipe (1), the diameter of the injection holes (7) is 1-3 cm, and the interval between the injection holes (7) is 5-10 cm.
5. The loess tunnel construction method according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the concrete layer (3) is 3 to 7 cm.
6. The utility model provides a single footage one-stage construction's operation face structure that finishes in loess tunnel construction, its characterized in that includes stagnant water layer (9), be equipped with a plurality of water injection hole (2) in the soil body of stagnant water layer (9) inside.
7. The working face structure of a single-footage one-stage construction completion in loess tunnel construction according to claim 6, wherein the water stopping layer (9) comprises a steel pipe ring layer (6) and a grout (8); the steel pipe ring layer (6) is formed by mutually clinging and enclosing the steel pipes (1); the steel pipe (1) is driven into loess surrounding rock at an external insertion angle of 1-5 degrees; two opposite sides of the steel pipe (1) are respectively provided with a row of grouting holes (7).
8. The working face structure for single-footage one-stage construction completion in loess tunnel construction according to claim 7, wherein the diameter of the grout holes (7) is 1 to 3cm, and the interval between the grout holes (7) is 5 to 10 cm.
9. The working face structure is characterized by comprising a water stopping layer (9), wherein a concrete layer (3) with the thickness of 3-7 cm is arranged on an inner ring of the water stopping layer (9), a waterproof layer (4) is laid on the inner side of the concrete layer (3), and a secondary lining (5) is laid on the inner side of the waterproof layer (4).
10. The working face structure for completing construction at a single-footage two-stage in loess tunnel construction according to claim 9, wherein the water stopping layer (9) comprises a steel pipe ring layer (6) and a grouting body (8); the steel pipe ring layer (6) is formed by mutually clinging and enclosing the steel pipes (1); the steel pipe (1) is driven into loess surrounding rock at an external insertion angle of 1-5 degrees; the length of the steel pipe (1) is 8-12 meters, the diameter is 3-5 cm, and the wall thickness is 0.5-0.8 cm; two opposite sides of the steel pipe (1) are respectively provided with a row of grouting holes (7).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911331492.1A CN110985010A (en) | 2019-12-21 | 2019-12-21 | Loess tunnel construction method and two operation surface structures in single-footage construction |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911331492.1A CN110985010A (en) | 2019-12-21 | 2019-12-21 | Loess tunnel construction method and two operation surface structures in single-footage construction |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112012770A (en) * | 2020-07-26 | 2020-12-01 | 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 | Underground water advanced treatment structure and construction method for ultra-deep vertical shaft of railway tunnel |
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| CN212054692U (en) * | 2019-12-21 | 2020-12-01 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Two kinds of operation face structures of different stages in single footage construction in loess tunnel |
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2019
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| CN112012770A (en) * | 2020-07-26 | 2020-12-01 | 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 | Underground water advanced treatment structure and construction method for ultra-deep vertical shaft of railway tunnel |
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