CN110983781A - 一种聚氨酯超细纤维弹力基布及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种聚氨酯超细纤维弹力基布及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110983781A
CN110983781A CN201911290803.4A CN201911290803A CN110983781A CN 110983781 A CN110983781 A CN 110983781A CN 201911290803 A CN201911290803 A CN 201911290803A CN 110983781 A CN110983781 A CN 110983781A
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polyurethane
elastic base
base fabric
polyethylene
polystyrene
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于晓成
贺璇
张水观
张燚
徐嘉乐
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Jiangsu Huafeng Microfiber Material Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种聚氨酯超细纤维弹力基布及其制备方法。本发明通过将无纺布密度和聚氨酯粘度两者协同作用，无纺布密度适中，纤维之间易于滑动，增加了纤维间空隙，易于含浸弹性树脂，且具有足够的纤维骨架利于聚氨酯树脂粘附；同时，辅以合适粘度的聚氨酯树脂分散液，一方面，保证了聚氨酯树脂的充分含浸和粘附；另一方面，能够保证合适的生产车速，提高了生产效率。所获得聚氨酯超细纤维弹力基布，按照GB/T1040.3‑2006断裂延伸率测试方法，断裂延伸率经向为70‑100%，纬向为130‑170%，可以满足客户断裂延伸率经向为60‑100%，纬向为120‑180%的要求。

Description

一种聚氨酯超细纤维弹力基布及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种聚氨酯超细纤维弹力基布及其制备方法，属于聚氨酯超细纤维革领域。
背景技术
经过多年的发展，我国超纤技术得到了突飞猛进的发展，超纤应用领域越来越广泛，细分领域增多，要求开发更多新产品来满足客户需求。
鞋革作为超纤的一个重要应用领域，随着大家对超纤的认知度扩大，市场需要开发聚氨酯超细纤维弹力基布，用于高档女靴靴筒部位、以及足球鞋，要求弹性大，回复性好。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种聚氨酯超细纤维弹力基布，具有弹性大，回复性好，可以满足高档女靴、以及足球鞋要求。
所述聚氨酯超细纤维弹力基布，其特征在于，将岛相选自尼龙或者聚酯，海相选自聚乙烯或者聚苯乙烯的海岛型短纤维经针刺形成的无纺布浸渍在湿法含浸料中，然后经过凝固和水洗，再在热甲苯中减量抽出聚乙烯或聚苯乙烯，上油，扩幅定型，然后经过后加工获得所述聚氨酯超细纤维弹力基布；
所述湿法含浸料组成包括如下重量份的组分：
树脂分散液 100
填料 0-40
凝固调节剂 0.4-0.8
色浆 0-12
DMF 25-490；
优选地，
树脂分散液 100
填料 30-40
凝固调节剂 0.6-0.8
色浆 0-4
DMF 90-470
所述的树脂分散液为聚氨酯的DMF分散液，固含量为25-30%；所述的树脂分散液粘度在30℃测试条件下，为40000-120000cps，优选40000-70000cps。
所述无纺布密度为0.18×103kg/m3-0.22×103kg/m3，优选0.185×103kg/m3-0.205×103kg/m3。
所述的纤维纤度为：4.5-9dtex，优选7-9dtex。
所述的湿法含浸料固含量为10-35%，优选10-25%；所述的湿法含浸料的粘度为在30℃测试条件下，500-30000cps，优选500-3000cps。
所述的填料为碳酸钙、氢氧化铝、木质纤维素、真皮粉中的任意一种及其组合。
所述的凝固调节剂和色浆均为本领域常规产品，其中凝固调节剂可为江西三越新材料有限公司SY-10#-2,色浆可为江西三越新材料有限公司PW-932；
按照GB/T1040.3-2006断裂延伸率测试方法，所述聚氨酯超细纤维弹力基布断裂延伸率经向为70-100%，纬向为130-170%；优选，断裂延伸率经向为90-100%，纬向为150-170%。
所述的聚氨酯超细纤维弹力基布的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
将岛相选自尼龙或者聚酯，海相选自聚乙烯或者聚苯乙烯的海岛型短纤维经针刺形成的无纺布浸渍在所述湿法含浸料中，然后经过凝固和水洗，再在热甲苯中减量抽出聚乙烯或聚苯乙烯，上油，扩幅定型，然后经过后加工获得所述聚氨酯超细纤维弹力基布。
所述的聚氨酯超细纤维弹力基布的制备方法，还包括将原料进行纺丝得海岛型纤维的工艺，原料中尼龙或者聚酯、聚乙烯或者聚苯乙烯、色母粒的比例为：26-55%、28-57%、0-17%；优选43-55%、43-57%、0-2%。
所述的纺丝、无纺布针刺工艺，浸渍浆料配料、浸渍、凝固和水洗工艺，以及减量工艺均为本领域常规工艺，可参考文献：曲建波：合成革工艺学［M］. 北京:化学工业出版社.2015. P18-P211中报道的加工技术。
其中，所述的纺丝工艺参数包括：
所述的纺丝工艺包括一步纺、两步纺，优选一步纺；
所述的后加工包括柔软处理、染色、磨皮、功能整理等方法；可参考文献：曲建波：合成革工艺学［M］. 北京:化学工业出版社.2015. P179-P211、P368-P429中报道的加工技术。
本发明的有益效果：通过无纺布加工，控制无纺布密度在合适范围内，一方面，密度适中，相比于较高密度的无纺布，纤维之间易于滑动，增加了纤维间空隙，易于含浸弹性树脂；另一方面，无纺布密度不是越低越好，密度过低的无纺布虽然空隙较大，但是在含浸时，能够粘附聚氨酯树脂的纤维骨架较少，导致最终基布中聚氨酯树脂基体含量较少、孔隙过大，进而延伸率大打折扣。同时，辅以合适粘度的聚氨酯树脂分散液，一方面，保证充分含浸和粘附；另一方面，保证合适的生产车速，提高生产效率；粘度较高的树脂分散液，其聚氨酯树脂分子量较高，难以渗透入无纺布孔隙中，且车速和生产效率较低；而粘度较低的树脂分散液，其聚氨酯树脂分子量较低，虽然易于渗透入无纺布孔隙中，但粘附力较小，含浸后难以保留在无纺布孔隙中，因而，导致最终基布中聚氨酯树脂基体含量较少，延伸率较低，不能满足要求。因此，本发明将无纺布密度和聚氨酯粘度两者协同作用，进而获得聚氨酯超细纤维弹力基布，具有弹性大，回复性好，可以满足高档女靴、足球鞋要求。按照GB/T1040.3-2006断裂延伸率测试方法，本发明得到的基布断裂延伸率经向为70-100%，纬向为130-170%，可以满足客户断裂延伸率经向为60-100%，纬向为120-180%的要求。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细描述，应理解，这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。
实施例1
将尼龙6、聚乙烯、色母粒为原料经纺丝得的海岛型短纤维经针刺形成的无纺布浸渍在湿法含浸料中，然后经过凝固和水洗，再在热甲苯中减量抽出聚乙烯，上油，扩幅定型，然后经过后加工获得聚氨酯超细纤维弹力基布；
其中，所述的纺丝工艺参数包括：
所述的纺丝工艺为一步纺；
所述的尼龙6、聚乙烯、色母粒的比例为：43%、55%、2%；
所述的纤维纤度为：9dtex；
所述的无纺布密度为：0.185×103kg/m3；
其中，所述的湿法含浸料包括如下重量份的组分：
树脂分散液 100
填料 40
凝固调节剂 0.8
色浆 0
DMF 119.2
所述的树脂分散液为聚氨酯的DMF分散液，固含量为25%；
所述的树脂分散液粘度在30℃测试条件下，为40000cps,江苏华峰超纤材料有限公司TL-4100H(通过调控反应程度对分子量进行控制,以下实施例和对比例同)；
所述的填料为碳酸钙
所述的湿法含浸料固含量为25%；
所述的湿法含浸料的粘度为在30℃测试条件下，为3000cps
所述的凝固调节剂为江西三越新材料有限公司SY-10#-2,色浆为江西三越新材料有限公司PW-932；
按照GB/T1040.3-2006断裂延伸率测试方法，本发明得到的基布断裂延伸率经向平均值为95%，纬向平均值为170%，可以满足客户需求断裂延伸率经向为60-100%，纬向为120-180%要求。
实施例2
方法同实施例1，区别在于：
所述的尼龙6、聚乙烯、色母粒的比例为：55%、45%、0%
所述的纤维纤度为：7dtex；
所述的无纺布密度为：0.205×103kg/m3；
所述的湿法含浸料包括如下重量份的组分：
树脂分散液 100
填料 30
凝固调节剂 0.6
色浆 4
DMF 466.6
所述的树脂分散液为聚氨酯的DMF分散液，固含量为30%；
所述的树脂分散液粘度在30℃测试条件下，为120000cps，江苏华峰超纤材料有限公司TL-4100H；
所述的填料为氢氧化铝
所述的凝固调节剂为江西三越新材料有限公司SY-10#-2,色浆为江西三越新材料有限公司PW-932
所述的湿法含浸料固含量为10%；
所述的湿法含浸料的粘度为在30℃测试条件下，为500cps；
按照GB/T1040.3-2006断裂延伸率测试方法，本发明得到的基布断裂延伸率经向平均值为70%，纬向平均值为130%，可以满足客户需求断裂延伸率经向为60-100%，纬向为120-180%要求。
实施例3
方法同实施例1，区别在于：
所述的尼龙6、聚乙烯、色母粒的比例为：46%、53%、1%；
所述的纤维纤度为：8dtex；
所述的无纺布密度为：0.195×103kg/m3；
所述的湿法含浸料包括如下重量份的组分：
树脂分散液 100
填料 35
凝固调节剂 0.7
色浆 2
DMF 172.3
所述的树脂分散液为聚氨酯的DMF分散液，固含量为27%；
所述的树脂分散液粘度在30℃测试条件下，为70000cps，江苏华峰超纤材料有限公司TL-4100H；
所述的填料为木质纤维素；
所述的凝固调节剂为江西三越新材料有限公司SY-10#-2,色浆为江西三越新材料有限公司PW-932；
所述的湿法含浸料固含量为20%；
所述的湿法含浸料的粘度为在30℃测试条件下，2000cps
按照GB/T1040.3-2006断裂延伸率测试方法，本发明得到的基布断裂延伸率经向平均值为80%，纬向平均值为150%，可以满足客户需求断裂延伸率经向为60-100%，纬向为120-180%要求。
对比实施例1
方法同实施例1，区别在于：
所述的无纺布密度为：0.25×103kg/m3；不易含浸树脂，要达到实施例1含浸效果，车速较实施例1降低50%，生产成本高。
对比实施例2
方法同实施例1，区别在于：
所述的无纺布密度为：0.15×103kg/m3；为了得到较低的无纺布密度，纤维交联密度低，含浸时易于变形，工艺宽松度低，不利于基布产品稳定，能够粘附聚氨酯树脂的纤维骨架较少，导致最终基布中聚氨酯树脂基体含量较少、孔隙过大，进而延伸率大打折扣。
得到的基布断裂延伸率经向平均值为35%，纬向平均值为55%
对比实施例3
方法同实施例1，区别在于：
所述的树脂分散液为聚氨酯的DMF分散液，固含量为25%；
所述的树脂分散液粘度在30℃测试条件下，为1600cps,江苏华峰超纤材料有限公司TL-4100H；
得到的基布断裂延伸率经向平均值为30%，纬向平均值为60%
粘度较低的树脂分散液，其聚氨酯树脂分子量较低，虽然易于渗透入无纺布孔隙中，但粘附力较小，含浸后难以保留在无纺布孔隙中，因而，导致最终基布中聚氨酯树脂基体含量较少，延伸率较低。
对比实施例4
方法同实施例1，区别在于：
所述的树脂分散液为聚氨酯的DMF分散液，固含量为25%；
所述的树脂分散液粘度在30℃测试条件下，为200000cps,江苏华峰超纤材料有限公司TL-4100H；
所述的湿法含浸料固含量为25%；
所述的湿法含浸料的粘度为在30℃测试条件下，为15000cps。
得到的基布断裂延伸率经向平均值为50%，纬向平均值为100%
粘度较高的树脂分散液，其聚氨酯树脂分子量较高，难以渗透入无纺布孔隙中，只有通过降速的方法达到实施例1含浸效果，车速较实施例1降低50%以上，生产成本高，如果再提高树脂分散液粘度，流动性差，生产效率更低。且聚氨酯树脂分子量较高，刚性过大，导致基布断裂延伸率大大降低。

Claims (10)

1.一种聚氨酯超细纤维弹力基布，其特征在于，将岛相选自尼龙或者聚酯，海相选自聚乙烯或者聚苯乙烯的海岛型短纤维经针刺形成的无纺布浸渍在湿法含浸料中，然后经过凝固和水洗，再在热甲苯中减量抽出聚乙烯或聚苯乙烯，上油，扩幅定型，然后经过后加工获得所述聚氨酯超细纤维弹力基布；
所述湿法含浸料组成包括如下重量份的组分：
树脂分散液 100
填料 0-40
凝固调节剂 0.4-0.8
色浆 0-12
DMF 25-490
所述的树脂分散液为聚氨酯的DMF分散液，固含量为25-30%；所述的树脂分散液粘度在30℃测试条件下，为40000-120000cps，优选40000-70000cps。
2.根据权利要求1所述的聚氨酯超细纤维弹力基布，其特征在于，所述无纺布密度为0.18×103kg/m3-0.22×103kg/m3，优选0.185×103kg/m3-0.205×103kg/m3。
3.根据权利要求2所述的聚氨酯超细纤维弹力基布，其特征在于，所述的纤维纤度为：4.5-9dtex，优选7-9dtex。
4.根据权利要求1所述的聚氨酯超细纤维弹力基布，其特征在于，所述的湿法含浸料固含量为10-35%，优选10-25%；所述的湿法含浸料的粘度为在30℃测试条件下，500-30000cps，优选500-3000cps。
5.根据权利要求1所述的聚氨酯超细纤维弹力基布，其特征在于，所述的填料为碳酸钙、氢氧化铝、木质纤维素、真皮粉中的任意一种及其组合。
6. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的聚氨酯超细纤维弹力基布，其特征在于，所述湿法含浸料组成包括如下重量份的组分：
树脂分散液 100
填料 30-40
凝固调节剂 0.6-0.8
色浆 0-4
DMF 90-470。
7.根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的聚氨酯超细纤维弹力基布，其特征在于，按照GB/T1040.3-2006断裂延伸率测试方法，断裂延伸率经向为70-100%，纬向为130-170%；优选，断裂延伸率经向为90-100%，纬向为150-170%。
8.根据权利要求1-7所述的一种聚氨酯超细纤维弹力基布的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
将岛相选自尼龙或者聚酯，海相选自聚乙烯或者聚苯乙烯的海岛型短纤维经针刺形成的无纺布浸渍在所述湿法含浸料中，然后经过凝固和水洗，再在热甲苯中减量抽出聚乙烯或聚苯乙烯，上油，扩幅定型，然后经过后加工获得所述聚氨酯超细纤维弹力基布。
9.根据权利要求8所述的制备方法，其特征在于，还包括将原料进行纺丝得海岛型纤维的工艺，原料中尼龙或者聚酯、聚乙烯或者聚苯乙烯、色母粒的比例为：26-55%、28-57%、0-17%。
10.根据权利要求9所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述原料中尼龙或者聚酯、聚乙烯或者聚苯乙烯、色母粒的比例为：43-55%、43-57%、0-2%。
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