CN110983147A - High-strength palladium-based weak electrical contact material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-strength palladium-based weak electrical contact material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110983147A CN110983147A CN201911325348.7A CN201911325348A CN110983147A CN 110983147 A CN110983147 A CN 110983147A CN 201911325348 A CN201911325348 A CN 201911325348A CN 110983147 A CN110983147 A CN 110983147A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
- C22C30/02—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent containing copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
- C21D9/525—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length for wire, for rods
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C5/00—Alloys based on noble metals
- C22C5/06—Alloys based on silver
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/02—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working in inert or controlled atmosphere or vacuum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/14—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of noble metals or alloys based thereon
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
- H01B1/026—Alloys based on copper
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R39/00—Rotary current collectors, distributors or interrupters
- H01R39/02—Details for dynamo electric machines
- H01R39/18—Contacts for co-operation with commutator or slip-ring, e.g. contact brush
- H01R39/20—Contacts for co-operation with commutator or slip-ring, e.g. contact brush characterised by the material thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R39/00—Rotary current collectors, distributors or interrupters
- H01R39/02—Details for dynamo electric machines
- H01R39/18—Contacts for co-operation with commutator or slip-ring, e.g. contact brush
- H01R39/24—Laminated contacts; Wire contacts, e.g. metallic brush, carbon fibres
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R2201/00—Connectors or connections adapted for particular applications
- H01R2201/10—Connectors or connections adapted for particular applications for dynamoelectric machines
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-strength palladium-based weak electrical contact material and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of weak electrical contact. The palladium-based weak electrical contact material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30-40% of Pd, 35-45% of Ag, 10-30% of Cu, 0.2-3% of Pt and 0.05-0.3% of Ni. The palladium-based alloy used in the field of weak electric contact materials provided by the invention has the advantages of high tensile strength, good hardness, high elasticity, corrosion resistance and good application effect in a micro-motor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of weak current contact, and particularly relates to a high-strength palladium-based weak current contact material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The current, voltage, electric power, contact pressure and the like borne by the miniature relay, the commutator and the miniature potentiometer in the working process are generally very small and are measured in milliampere, millivolt and gram force, so the miniature relay, the commutator and the miniature potentiometer are generally called as weak current contact elements. The current and voltage transmitted through the weak current contact are not only energy but also signals. The used electric brush material needs to have low and stable contact resistance to ensure that current can stably and continuously circulate, higher hardness to meet the requirement of the mechanical property of the elastic contact, and higher wear resistance to adapt to the working environment of sliding electric contact, thereby providing higher requirements for the electric brush material.
Palladium has a low density, and palladium-based alloys are important and economical electrical contact materials, and because palladium has low electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity, palladium cannot be used as a high-current contact material, but is mainly used for materials operating under weak current conditions, and under certain conditions, the contact characteristics are better than those of platinum alloys. The AgPd series alloy is widely used as a working layer of a micromotor brush with excellent electrical property, mechanical property, oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance, the traditional AgPd series alloy only contains two precious metal components, the cost is high, and because Ag and Pd are infinitely mutually soluble, no excess phase is separated out, the strengthening means is limited, and the strength, hardness and wear resistance of the AgPd series alloy can not meet the application requirements of weak contact materials.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-strength palladium-based weak electrical contact material and a preparation method thereof, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:
a high-strength palladium-based weak electrical contact material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30-40% of Pd, 35-45% of Ag, 10-30% of Cu, 0.2-3% of Pt and 0.05-0.3% of Ni. Wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components of the high-strength palladium-based weak electrical contact material is equal to 100 percent.
Preferably, the high-strength palladium-based weak electrical contact material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30-35% of Pd, 35-45% of Ag, 15-25% of Cu, 0.2-3% of Pt and 0.05-0.3% of Ni. Wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components of the high-strength palladium-based weak electrical contact material is equal to 100 percent.
The preparation method of the high-strength palladium-based weak electrical contact material comprises the steps of material preparation, smelting, casting, rolling heat treatment, wire drawing and drawing heat treatment.
In the step of batching, platinum particles and nickel particles are wrapped by copper sheets.
The smelting temperature in the smelting step is 1800 plus 2500 ℃, and preferably is 1800 plus 2300 ℃; the melting is preferably carried out under vacuum.
The rolling is cold rolling, and the pass deformation is 2-5%.
The rolling heat treatment is carried out when the rolling deformation reaches 70% -90%, and the rolling heat treatment is vacuum annealing treatment at the temperature of 600-900 ℃ for 30-50 min.
The wire drawing is started when the rolled material is 8mm phi, and the deformation of the wire in the drawing pass is 5-10%.
The drawing heat treatment is carried out when the drawing deformation of the wire reaches 50% -70%, and the drawing heat treatment is vacuum annealing treatment at 400-600 ℃ for 20-30 min.
The rolling heat treatment and the drawing heat treatment both adopt vacuum annealing treatment to prevent the surface of the alloy from being oxidized.
The high-strength palladium-based weak electric contact material prepared by the preparation method has the tensile strength of 900-1000 MPa, the elongation of more than or equal to 5 percent and the Vickers hardness of 260-350 kgf/mm2Modulus of elasticity 10X 104～12×104MPa。
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the invention, Cu and other elements are introduced to replace part of Pd, so that on one hand, the material cost is reduced, on the other hand, precipitation strengthening effect is obtained by utilizing precipitation of alloy elements, and the wear resistance of the alloy is improved; and trace Pt and Ni elements are added to enhance the hardness and strength of the alloy and improve the wear resistance.
(2) The palladium-based alloy for the field of weak current contact materials provided by the invention has the advantages of uniform distribution of trace elements, stable content, excellent processability, high yield, low contact resistance, high elasticity and corrosion resistance; the alloy has good use effect in a micromotor, meets the requirements of the brush wire material for aerospace and precise electrical instruments on the characteristics of small and stable contact resistance, good contact reliability, low noise, wear resistance and the like, and can greatly improve the performance and stability of a potentiometer.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a high-strength palladium-based weak electrical contact material and a preparation method thereof, and the invention is further explained by combining with the embodiment.
The high-strength palladium-based weak electrical contact material provided by the invention is prepared by the following steps:
(1) ingredients
According to the mass percentage, respectively weighing a palladium block, a silver block, a copper block, a platinum particle and a nickel particle according to 30-40% of Pd, 35-45% of Ag, 10-30% of Cu, 0.2-3% of Pt and 0.05-0.3% of Ni. Rolling copper into copper sheet, wrapping platinum particles and nickel particles with the copper sheet, and mixing with palladium block and silver block to prevent platinum and nickel from volatilizing.
(2) Melting
And (2) placing the alloy mixture obtained in the step (1) into a smelting chamber, vacuumizing the smelting chamber, smelting in a vacuum protective atmosphere such as an inert atmosphere which does not react with the alloy, such as argon, and refining and degassing the alloy in a molten state to improve the compactness of the cast ingot.
(3) Casting of
And (3) smelting the alloy obtained in the step (2), and preparing an alloy ingot by casting and molding.
(4) Rolling and rolling heat treatment
And (3) adopting the alloy ingot obtained in the cold rolling step (3), wherein the pass deformation is 2-5%, and when the rolling deformation reaches 70-90%, performing rolling heat treatment in a vacuum heat treatment furnace: carrying out vacuum annealing treatment at the temperature of 600-900 ℃ for 30-50 min; until the ingot is rolled to 8mm phi.
(5) Wire drawing and drawing heat treatment
Drawing wires by using a wire drawing machine, wherein the deformation of the wire in the drawing pass in the wire drawing process is 5-10%, and the wire is subjected to drawing heat treatment in a vacuum heat treatment furnace when the deformation of the wire in the drawing process reaches 50-70%: vacuum annealing treatment is carried out for 20-30 min at 400-600 ℃. Thus obtaining the palladium-based alloy wire.
The palladium-based alloy wire prepared by the method has the tensile strength of 900-1000 MPa, the elongation rate of more than or equal to 5 percent and the Vickers hardness of 260-350 kgf/mm2Modulus of elasticity 10X 104～12×104MPa。
Example 1
The palladium-based electric contact material for weak current is prepared according to the following steps:
(1) according to the proportion of 30 percent of Pd, 45 percent of Ag, 24 percent of Cu, 0.8 percent of Pt and 0.2 percent of Ni, palladium and silver are used as bulk raw materials, copper is rolled into copper sheets, and platinum particles and nickel particles are wrapped by the copper sheets.
(2) Placing the alloy mixture obtained in the step (1) in a smelting chamber, vacuumizing the smelting chamber, and refining and degassing the alloy in a molten state to improve the compactness of the cast ingot;
(3) casting and molding the alloy obtained in the step (2) to prepare an alloy ingot;
(4) carrying out cold rolling on the alloy ingot obtained in the step (3), and carrying out vacuum annealing treatment at 600 ℃ for 50min when the processing rate reaches 70% in the rolling process;
(5) is cold rolled to
When the processing rate of the wire reaches 50 percent in the wire processing process, the wire is drawn by a wire drawing machine, and vacuum annealing treatment is carried out at 400 ℃ for 30min to obtain the palladium-based alloy wire.
The palladium-based alloy wire obtained in example 1 had a tensile strength of 900MPa, an elongation of 6%, and a Vickers hardness of 300kgf/mm2Modulus of elasticity 11X 104MPa。
Example 2
The palladium-based electric contact material for weak current is prepared according to the following steps:
(1) according to the proportion of 35% Pd, 42% Ag, 22% Cu, 0.75% Pt and 0.25% Ni, palladium and silver are used as block raw materials, copper is rolled into copper sheet, and platinum particles and nickel particles are wrapped by the copper sheet.
(2) Placing the alloy mixture obtained in the step (1) in a smelting chamber, vacuumizing the smelting chamber, and refining and degassing the alloy in a molten state to improve the compactness of the cast ingot;
(3) and (3) casting and molding the alloy obtained in the step (2) to prepare an alloy ingot.
(4) Carrying out cold rolling on the alloy ingot obtained in the step (3), and carrying out vacuum annealing treatment at 800 ℃ for 35min when the processing rate reaches 80% in the rolling process;
(5) is cold rolled to
When the processing rate of the wire reaches 60 percent in the wire processing process, the wire is drawn by a wire drawing machine, and vacuum annealing treatment is carried out at 500 ℃ for 25min to obtain the palladium-based alloy wire.
The palladium-based alloy wire obtained in example 2 had a tensile strength of 980MPa, an elongation of 6.5%, and a Vickers hardness of 320kgf/mm2Elastic modulus 11.3X 104MPa。
Example 3
The palladium-based electric contact material for weak current is prepared according to the following steps:
(1) according to the nominal composition ingredients of 30% of Pd, 45% of Ag, 24% of Cu, 0.8% of Pt and 0.2% of Ni, taking palladium and silver as bulk raw materials, rolling copper into copper sheets, and wrapping platinum particles and nickel particles by the copper sheets;
(2) placing the alloy mixture obtained in the step (1) in a smelting chamber, vacuumizing the smelting chamber, and refining and degassing the alloy in a molten state to improve the compactness of the cast ingot;
(3) and (3) casting and molding the alloy obtained in the step (2) to prepare an alloy ingot.
(4) Carrying out cold rolling on the alloy ingot obtained in the step (3), and carrying out vacuum annealing treatment at 900 ℃ for 30min when the processing rate reaches 90% in the rolling process;
(5) coldIs rolled to
When the processing rate of the wire reaches 60 percent in the wire processing process, the wire is drawn by a wire drawing machine, and the vacuum annealing treatment is carried out at 600 ℃ for 20min to obtain the palladium-based alloy wire.
The palladium-based alloy wire obtained in example 3 had a tensile strength of 1000MPa, an elongation of 7%, and a Vickers hardness of 320kgf/mm2Modulus of elasticity 12X 104MPa。
Claims (10)
1. A high-strength palladium-based weak electrical contact material is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 30-40% of Pd, 35-45% of Ag, 10-30% of Cu, 0.2-3% of Pt and 0.05-0.3% of Ni.
2. The high-strength palladium-based weak electrical contact material as claimed in claim 1, comprising, in mass percent: 30-35% of Pd, 35-45% of Ag, 15-25% of Cu, 0.2-3% of Pt and 0.05-0.3% of Ni.
3. The method for preparing a high-strength palladium-based weak electrical contact material as claimed in claim 1 or 2, comprising the steps of batching, melting, casting, rolling heat treatment, wire drawing, drawing heat treatment.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the compounding step includes coating the platinum particles and the nickel particles with a copper sheet.
5. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the melting temperature is 1800-2500 ℃.
6. The method according to claim 3, wherein the rolling is cold rolling, and the pass deformation is 2-5%.
7. The production method according to claim 3, wherein the rolling heat treatment is performed when the rolling deformation reaches 70% to 90%, and the rolling heat treatment is a vacuum annealing treatment at 600 ℃ to 900 ℃ for 30min to 50 min.
8. A method of making as claimed in claim 3, wherein the wire draw begins by rolling the material to 8mm, the amount of draw pass strain in the wire draw being in the range of 5% to 10%.
9. A preparation method according to claim 3, wherein the drawing heat treatment is performed when the drawing deformation of the wire reaches 50-70%, and the drawing heat treatment is a vacuum annealing treatment at 400-600 ℃ for 20-30 min.
10. The preparation method of claim 3, wherein the high-strength palladium-based weak electrical contact material prepared by the preparation method has a tensile strength of 900-1000 MPa, an elongation of not less than 5%, and a Vickers hardness of 260-350 kgf/mm2Modulus of elasticity 10X 104～12×104MPa。
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112813296A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-05-18 | 有研亿金新材料有限公司 | Preparation method of AuPdFeIr alloy wire electrical contact material |
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