CN110982608A - Vegetable oil processing technology - Google Patents
Vegetable oil processing technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN110982608A CN110982608A CN201911000484.9A CN201911000484A CN110982608A CN 110982608 A CN110982608 A CN 110982608A CN 201911000484 A CN201911000484 A CN 201911000484A CN 110982608 A CN110982608 A CN 110982608A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B1/00—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials
- C11B1/02—Pretreatment
- C11B1/04—Pretreatment of vegetable raw material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B1/00—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials
- C11B1/06—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials by pressing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/001—Refining fats or fatty oils by a combination of two or more of the means hereafter
Abstract
The invention discloses a vegetable oil processing technology, which comprises the following steps: step one, oil material is selected; step two, drying and cooling; step three, crushing and softening; step four, rolling the blank; step five, steaming and frying; step six, oil pressing and hydrated alkali refining; step seven, desolventizing and decoloring; step eight, deodorizing and dewaxing; removing impurities in the oil, separating out immature grains, mildewed grains, broken grains and other imperfect grains, and further selecting and removing impurities through water separation; drying the oil after selection by a hot air flow dryer, and then rapidly reducing the temperature of the oil to below 40 ℃ by cold air; crushing the treated oil through a toothed roller crusher, and then softening the oil through a roller softening pot; the invention has the advantages of full removal of impurities in the raw materials, good filtering effect on the initial oil, less residual impurities, good oil separation effect, good refining effect on the oil and good quality of the obtained vegetable oil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vegetable oil processing, in particular to a vegetable oil processing technology.
Background
The vegetable oil is a compound formed by combining unsaturated fatty acid and glycerol, is widely distributed in nature, is oil obtained from fruits, seeds and germs of plants, such as peanut oil, soybean oil, linseed oil, castor oil, rapeseed oil and the like, and the main component of the vegetable oil is ester formed by linear chain higher fatty acid and glycerol, and the fatty acid contains various unsaturated acids such as erucic acid, eleostearic acid, ricinoleic acid and the like besides palmitic acid, stearic acid and oleic acid.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a vegetable oil processing technology to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a vegetable oil processing technology comprises the following steps: step one, oil material is selected; step two, drying and cooling; step three, crushing and softening; step four, rolling the blank; step five, steaming and frying; step six, oil pressing and hydrated alkali refining; step seven, desolventizing and decoloring; step eight, deodorizing and dewaxing;
in the first step, impurities in the oil are removed, imperfect grains such as immature grains, mildewed grains and broken grains are separated, and then the impurities are further removed through water separation;
in the second step, the oil after being selected is dried by a hot air flow dryer, and then the temperature of the oil is quickly reduced to below 40 ℃ by cold air;
in the third step, the treated oil is crushed by a toothed roll crusher and then softened by a roller softening pot;
in the fourth step, the softened oil is put into a feeding hopper of a blank rolling machine, the granular oil is pressed into slices through a roller to be rolled, and then the blanks are heated through an airflow drying conveyor, so that the soaking moisture of the blanks is controlled to be about 7 percent, and the powder degree is controlled to be below 10 percent;
in the fifth step, the blank is steamed and fried through a layered steaming and frying pan, the blank reaches the optimal steaming and frying starting moisture by adding moisture or spraying direct steam when the steaming and frying starts, the wetted blank is steamed and fried to ensure that the moisture, the temperature and the structural performance in the cooked blank after the steaming and frying reach the optimal requirements of squeezing and oil extraction, the discharging moisture of the blank is controlled to be 5-7%, and the discharging temperature is controlled to be 105-;
squeezing the blank by a screw oil press to obtain oil, precipitating for 48 hours, filtering by a filter to obtain crude oil, injecting the crude oil into a hydration tank, stirring and heating to 65 ℃, adding water accounting for 3.5-7% of the weight of the oil into a water heater, heating to 75 ℃, adding salt accounting for 0.5-1% of the weight of the oil into the water, sampling at any time during hydration, observing degreasing and precipitation conditions, heating to about 80 ℃, stirring and stopping heating when phospholipid is obviously flocculent, precipitating for 1-2 hours, discharging oil residues until clear oil comes out, preparing alkali liquor with proper concentration, alkali refining the crude oil, standing and separating saponin after the alkali refining, washing the oil with water, drying the oil after water washing and dehydration in vacuum, and cooling the dried oil to below 70 ℃ for storage;
in the seventh step, the leaching oil is sucked into a desolventizing pot, indirect steam is started, the oil temperature is raised to 100 ℃, direct steam with the pressure of 0.1MPa is introduced to ensure that the pot is fully turned over with high quality, the oil temperature is raised to 140 ℃ by using the indirect steam continuously, desolventizing is carried out for 4 hours, clean oil is transferred into a decoloring pot through a storage tank, after heating and drying under vacuum, the clean oil is fully contacted with an adsorbent sucked by an adsorbent pot under stirring, adsorption balance is completed, then the clean oil is pumped into a filter press through a cooling pump to separate the adsorbent, the decolored oil after filtering is transferred into the storage tank, the clean oil is transferred into a deodorization procedure through vacuum suction or an oil transfer pump, and an adsorbent filter cake in the filter press is transferred into a;
in the eighth step, the flavoring substances in the oil are distilled and removed by superheated steam in a deodorizing pot, 0.005-0.01% of citric acid is added after cooling to prevent oxidation, and then dewaxing treatment is carried out by centrifugal separation to obtain the finished oil.
According to the technical scheme, in the first step, large impurities and small impurities in the oil are removed through the relative movement of the sieve and different selection of the sieve surface, dust and light impurities in the oil are removed through the air suction device, stones, metal, glass and heavy and light impurities are removed through the dry type stone removing machine, the light impurities are removed through the roller machine and the spiral classifier, the metal impurities in the oil are removed through the permanent magnet roller magnetic separator, side-by-side mud impurities in the oil are removed through the rubber roller mud mill, and the different-color particles are removed through the color selector.
According to the technical scheme, in the second step, the moisture of the oil is controlled to be 5% -6%, and the drying time is 30-60 min.
According to the technical scheme, in the third step, the softening temperature is 60-70 ℃, the softening time is 10-20min, and the softening moisture is 10-12%.
According to the technical scheme, in the fourth step, the local retention of the blank on the dryer is avoided, the blank is prevented from being burnt, and the temperature of hot air is 90-110 ℃.
According to the technical scheme, in the sixth step, the filtering filter element is a disc-type filter element and is made of cellulose and diatomite.
According to the technical scheme, in the seventh step, the indirect steam is closed 0.5h before the end of the desolventizing, and the desolventized oil is cooled by a cooler and then discharged to obtain the clean oil.
According to the technical scheme, in the eighth step, the temperature of the continuous deodorization oil is 240-270 ℃, the time is 60-120min, the direct steam injection amount is 2% -4% of the oil, and the residual pressure is below 800 Pa.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: removing impurities in the oil through various machines, separating out imperfect grains such as immature grains, mildewed grains, broken grains and the like, further selecting and removing impurities by water separation to ensure the purity of the raw materials, softening the oil material after crushing and softening to increase plasticity, then breaking the cell tissue of the oil material by rolling to facilitate the separation of the oil, heating the blank after rolling, controlling the discharging moisture and discharging temperature of the blank to facilitate subsequent processing, deeply filtering the crude oil through a disc type filter element to reduce residual impurities, then removing free fatty acid, phospholipid, pigment, iron and copper ions and some sulfur-containing compounds in the crude oil by hydration alkali refining, removing residual solvent in the crude oil by desolventizing and decoloring and improving the quality, deodorizing and dewaxing to remove other odor and wax in the crude oil, and having good refining effect on grease and good quality of the obtained vegetable oil.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the process of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a technical solution:
a vegetable oil processing technology comprises the following steps: step one, oil material is selected; step two, drying and cooling; step three, crushing and softening; step four, rolling the blank; step five, steaming and frying; step six, oil pressing and hydrated alkali refining; step seven, desolventizing and decoloring; step eight, deodorizing and dewaxing;
in the first step, impurities in the oil are removed, imperfect particles such as immature particles, mildewed particles and broken particles are separated, in the first step, large-sized impurities and small-sized impurities in the oil are removed through relative movement of a sieve and different selection of the sieve surface, dust and light impurities in the oil are removed through a suction fan, stones, metal, glass and light impurities are removed through a dry type stone remover, light impurities are removed through a roller machine and a spiral classifier, metal impurities in the oil are removed through a permanent magnet roller magnetic separator, mud impurities in the oil are removed through a rubber roller mud mill, and foreign particles are removed through a color selector; then further selecting and removing impurities through water separation;
in the second step, the oil after selection is dried by a hot air flow dryer, then the temperature of the oil is quickly reduced to below 40 ℃ by cold air, in the second step, the water content of the oil is controlled to be 5-6%, and the drying time is 30-60 min;
in the third step, the treated oil is crushed by a gear roller crusher and then softened by a roller softening pot, wherein in the third step, the softening temperature is 60-70 ℃, the softening time is 10-20min, and the softened water content is 10-12%;
in the fourth step, softened oil is put into a feeding hopper of a blank rolling machine, granular oil is pressed into slices through a roller, blank rolling treatment is carried out, then the blank is heated through an airflow drying conveyor, the soaking moisture of the blank is controlled to be about 7%, the powder degree is controlled to be below 10%, in the fourth step, local detention on the blank re-drying machine is avoided, the blank is prevented from being burnt, and the temperature of hot air is 90-110 ℃;
in the fifth step, the blank is steamed and fried through a layered steaming and frying pan, the blank reaches the optimal steaming and frying starting moisture by adding moisture or spraying direct steam when the steaming and frying starts, the wetted blank is steamed and fried to ensure that the moisture, the temperature and the structural performance in the cooked blank after the steaming and frying reach the optimal requirements of squeezing and oil extraction, the discharging moisture of the blank is controlled to be 5-7%, and the discharging temperature is controlled to be 105-;
squeezing the blank by a screw oil press to obtain oil, precipitating for 48 hours, and filtering by a filter to obtain crude oil, wherein in the sixth step, the filter element is a disc type filter element and is made of cellulose and diatomite; injecting crude oil into a hydration tank, stirring and heating to 65 ℃, adding water accounting for 3.5-7% of the weight of the oil into a water heater, heating to 75 ℃, adding table salt accounting for 0.5-1% of the weight of the oil into the water, sampling at any time during hydration, observing degreasing and precipitation conditions, heating to about 80 ℃, stirring and stopping heating when phospholipid is obviously flocculent, discharging oil residues until clear oil comes out, preparing alkali liquor with proper concentration, carrying out alkali refining on the crude oil, standing and separating saponin after the alkali refining, washing the oil, drying the oil after water washing and dehydration in vacuum, and cooling the dried oil to below 70 ℃ for storage;
in the seventh step, the leached oil is sucked into a desolventizing pot, indirect steam is started, the oil temperature is increased to 100 ℃, direct steam with the pressure of 0.1MPa is introduced to ensure that the oil in the pot is fully stirred with high quality, the indirect steam is continuously used to increase the oil temperature to 140 ℃, desolventizing is carried out for 4 hours, in the seventh step, the indirect steam is closed 0.5 hour before the desolventizing is finished, and the desolventized oil is cooled by a cooler and then discharged to obtain clean oil; transferring clean oil into a decolorizing tank through a storage tank, heating and drying under vacuum, then fully contacting with an adsorbent sucked from an adsorbent tank under stirring to complete adsorption balance, then pumping the clean oil into a filter press through an oil pump to separate the adsorbent, transferring the decolorized oil after filtration into the storage tank, transferring the adsorbent filter cake in the filter press into a treatment tank by virtue of vacuum suction or an oil transfer pump to perform a deodorization procedure, and simultaneously collecting residual oil;
wherein in the eighth step, the flavoring substances in the oil are distilled and removed by superheated steam in the deodorization pot, in the eighth step, the temperature of the continuous deodorization oil is 240-270 ℃, the time is 60-120min, the direct steam injection amount is 2% -4% of the oil, and the residual pressure is below 800 Pa; cooling, adding 0.005-0.01% citric acid to prevent oxidation, and centrifuging to obtain the final product.
Based on the above, the invention has the advantages that the impurities in the oil material are removed through various machines, the immature grains, the mildewed grains, the crushed grains and other imperfect grains are separated, the impurities are further selected and removed through water selection, the purity of the raw materials is ensured, the oil material is softened and softened after being crushed and softened, then the cell tissues of the oil material are destroyed through rolling to facilitate the separation of the grease, the blank after rolling is heated, the discharging moisture and the discharging temperature of the blank are controlled to facilitate the subsequent processing, the crude oil is deeply filtered through a disc type filter element to reduce the residual impurities, then the free fatty acid, the phospholipid, the pigment, the iron and copper ions and some sulfur-containing compounds in the crude oil are removed through hydration alkali refining, the residual solvent in the crude oil is removed through desolventizing and decoloring, the quality is improved, the other odors and the waxes in the crude oil are removed through deodorization and dewaxing, the refining effect on the oil is good, and the quality of the obtained vegetable oil is good.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. A vegetable oil processing technology comprises the following steps: step one, oil material is selected; step two, drying and cooling; step three, crushing and softening; step four, rolling the blank; step five, steaming and frying; step six, oil pressing and hydrated alkali refining; step seven, desolventizing and decoloring; step eight, deodorizing and dewaxing; the method is characterized in that:
in the first step, impurities in the oil are removed, imperfect grains such as immature grains, mildewed grains and broken grains are separated, and then the impurities are further removed through water separation;
in the second step, the oil after being selected is dried by a hot air flow dryer, and then the temperature of the oil is quickly reduced to below 40 ℃ by cold air;
in the third step, the treated oil is crushed by a toothed roll crusher and then softened by a roller softening pot;
in the fourth step, the softened oil is put into a feeding hopper of a blank rolling machine, the granular oil is pressed into slices through a roller to be rolled, and then the blanks are heated through an airflow drying conveyor, so that the soaking moisture of the blanks is controlled to be about 7 percent, and the powder degree is controlled to be below 10 percent;
in the fifth step, the blank is steamed and fried through a layered steaming and frying pan, the blank reaches the optimal steaming and frying starting moisture by adding moisture or spraying direct steam when the steaming and frying starts, the wetted blank is steamed and fried to ensure that the moisture, the temperature and the structural performance in the cooked blank after the steaming and frying reach the optimal requirements of squeezing and oil extraction, the discharging moisture of the blank is controlled to be 5-7%, and the discharging temperature is controlled to be 105-;
squeezing the blank by a screw oil press to obtain oil, precipitating for 48 hours, filtering by a filter to obtain crude oil, injecting the crude oil into a hydration tank, stirring and heating to 65 ℃, adding water accounting for 3.5-7% of the weight of the oil into a water heater, heating to 75 ℃, adding salt accounting for 0.5-1% of the weight of the oil into the water, sampling at any time during hydration, observing degreasing and precipitation conditions, heating to about 80 ℃, stirring and stopping heating when phospholipid is obviously flocculent, precipitating for 1-2 hours, discharging oil residues until clear oil comes out, preparing alkali liquor with proper concentration, alkali refining the crude oil, standing and separating saponin after the alkali refining, washing the oil with water, drying the oil after water washing and dehydration in vacuum, and cooling the dried oil to below 70 ℃ for storage;
in the seventh step, the leaching oil is sucked into a desolventizing pot, indirect steam is started, the oil temperature is raised to 100 ℃, direct steam with the pressure of 0.1MPa is introduced to ensure that the pot is fully turned over with high quality, the oil temperature is raised to 140 ℃ by using the indirect steam continuously, desolventizing is carried out for 4 hours, clean oil is transferred into a decoloring pot through a storage tank, after heating and drying under vacuum, the clean oil is fully contacted with an adsorbent sucked by an adsorbent pot under stirring, adsorption balance is completed, then the clean oil is pumped into a filter press through a cooling pump to separate the adsorbent, the decolored oil after filtering is transferred into the storage tank, the clean oil is transferred into a deodorization procedure through vacuum suction or an oil transfer pump, and an adsorbent filter cake in the filter press is transferred into a;
in the eighth step, the flavoring substances in the oil are distilled and removed by superheated steam in a deodorizing pot, 0.005-0.01% of citric acid is added after cooling to prevent oxidation, and then dewaxing treatment is carried out by centrifugal separation to obtain the finished oil.
2. The vegetable oil processing technology of claim 1, wherein: in the first step, large impurities and small impurities in the oil are removed through the relative movement of the sieve and different selections of the sieve surface, dust and light impurities in the oil are removed through the air suction device, stones, metal, glass and heavy and light impurities are removed through the dry type stone remover, the light impurities are removed through the roller machine and the spiral classifier, the metal impurities in the oil are removed through the permanent magnet roller magnetic separator, the mud impurities in the oil are removed through the rubber roller mud mill, and the abnormal color grains are removed through the color selector.
3. The vegetable oil processing technology of claim 1, wherein: in the second step, the water content of the oil is controlled to be 5-6%, and the drying time is 30-60 min.
4. The vegetable oil processing technology of claim 1, wherein: in the third step, the softening temperature is 60-70 ℃, the softening time is 10-20min, and the softening water content is 10-12%.
5. The vegetable oil processing technology of claim 1, wherein: and in the fourth step, the local retention of the blank on the dryer is avoided, the blank is prevented from being burnt, and the temperature of hot air is 90-110 ℃.
6. The vegetable oil processing technology of claim 1, wherein: in the sixth step, the filtering filter element is a disc-type filter element and is made of cellulose and diatomite.
7. The vegetable oil processing technology of claim 1, wherein: and in the seventh step, the indirect steam is closed 0.5h before the desolventizing is finished, and the desolventized oil is cooled by a cooler and then discharged to obtain the clean oil.
8. The vegetable oil processing technology of claim 1, wherein: in the step eight, the temperature of the continuous deodorization oil is 240-270 ℃, the time is 60-120min, the direct steam injection amount is 2% -4% of the oil, and the residual pressure is below 800 Pa.
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| CN201911000484.9A CN110982608A (en) | 2019-10-21 | 2019-10-21 | Vegetable oil processing technology |
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| CN201911000484.9A CN110982608A (en) | 2019-10-21 | 2019-10-21 | Vegetable oil processing technology |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2000031219A1 (en) * | 1998-11-20 | 2000-06-02 | Ag Processing, Inc. | Improved method for refining vegetable oil |
| CN104017640A (en) * | 2014-06-30 | 2014-09-03 | 黄海英 | Processing technique for refining grape seed oil |
| CN105176676A (en) * | 2015-07-17 | 2015-12-23 | 广州市正德生物科技有限公司 | Edible plant oil non-soap refining method |
| CN106010780A (en) * | 2016-06-23 | 2016-10-12 | 安庆市纯真植物油有限公司 | Processing technology for vegetable oil production by adopting hot rolling |
| CN109355129A (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2019-02-19 | 山东花王粮油集团有限公司 | A kind of preparation process of peanut oil |
-
2019
- 2019-10-21 CN CN201911000484.9A patent/CN110982608A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2000031219A1 (en) * | 1998-11-20 | 2000-06-02 | Ag Processing, Inc. | Improved method for refining vegetable oil |
| CN104017640A (en) * | 2014-06-30 | 2014-09-03 | 黄海英 | Processing technique for refining grape seed oil |
| CN105176676A (en) * | 2015-07-17 | 2015-12-23 | 广州市正德生物科技有限公司 | Edible plant oil non-soap refining method |
| CN106010780A (en) * | 2016-06-23 | 2016-10-12 | 安庆市纯真植物油有限公司 | Processing technology for vegetable oil production by adopting hot rolling |
| CN109355129A (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2019-02-19 | 山东花王粮油集团有限公司 | A kind of preparation process of peanut oil |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 王兴国主编: "《油料科学原理》", 31 August 2017, 中国轻工业出版社 * |
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Application publication date: 20200410 |