Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a novel passive equalization circuit of a battery pack, a failure remedy circuit of the equalization circuit and a failure detection remedy method. The passive equalization circuit reduces the use of equalization resistance, reduces the cost of the battery pack and lightens the working pressure of a battery pack thermal management system. Meanwhile, compared with the prior art, the passive equalization circuit reduces the use of fuses and current sensors, reduces the cost and saves I/O ports of a battery management chip. The balancing circuit failure remedy circuit can remedy the balancing resistance through the standby balancing resistance when the balancing resistance is broken or short-circuited, and overcomes the defects that the balancing cannot be continued and only maintenance personnel can wait for the problem.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a passive equalization control circuit, which abandons the existing equalization circuit design, namely, each battery is connected with an equalization resistor in parallel, and the on-off of a switch matrix is controlled by a vehicle-mounted computer microcontroller MCU instead of adopting an equalization resistor, so that the battery to be equalized is connected to the equalization circuit for equalization.
The structure and the connection mode of the circuit are specifically as follows: the resistor R1 and the battery pack form a series loop; the battery pack comprises n battery units which are respectively cell1, cell2, cell3 and cell … cell which are sequentially connected in series, the switch matrix comprises switches K1, K2, K3 and … K2n, and the connection relationship between the switch matrix and the battery pack is as follows: k1 is connected between the resistor R1 and the negative electrode of the cell1, K2 is connected between the positive electrode of the cell1 and the resistor R1, K3 is connected between the negative electrode of the cell2 and the negative electrode of the cell1, K4 is connected between the positive electrode of the cell2 and the resistor R1, K5 is connected between the negative electrode of the cell3 and the negative electrode of the cell1, K6 is connected between the positive electrode of the cell3 and the resistor R1, K7 is connected between the negative electrode of the cell4 and the negative electrode of the cell1, K8 is connected between the positive electrode of the cell4 and the resistor R1, K (2n-1) is connected between the negative electrode of the cell1, and K2n is connected between the positive electrode of the cell and the resistor R1;
the microcontroller is connected with switches K1, K2, K3, … K2n, can control the break-make of switches K1 to K2n for each battery cell can form closed loop with resistance R1, realizes the balanced control of each battery cell.
A battery pack passive equalization failure detection and remediation circuit comprising: compared with the existing equalization failure detection circuit, each battery equalization circuit is connected with one current sensor in parallel, and the current sensor G is optimized to be used in the whole equalization circuit. The microcontroller is configured to be connected to the fuse and the current sensor, perform fault judgment according to the on-off of the fuse and the current signal of the current sensor, and send out a detection signal and a maintenance signal.
The invention provides a passive equalization circuit and a control method of a failure detection and remediation circuit, wherein the control method of the passive equalization and failure detection and remediation comprises the following steps: the passive equalization circuit of the connection type shown in fig. 1 is used. The method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, when the battery capacity of any battery monomer exceeds the maximum battery capacity of other monomer batteries and the excess is larger than an equalization threshold, a microcontroller system controls to close equalization switches at two ends of the battery monomer, and the battery is connected to a passive equalization circuit to consume energy with low current.
Step 2, when the equalization switch is in an open circuit, the current sensor cannot detect the equalization current, the equalization switch of the battery adjacent to the battery is turned on through the microcontroller, when the current sensor detects the equalization current, the judgment is that the switch is in the open circuit, but not the equalization resistor is in the open circuit, and the microcontroller sends a detection signal and a maintenance signal to a maintainer;
step 3, when the equalization switch Ka is short-circuited and the fuse F1 is not fused, the microcontroller detects continuous equalization current through the current sensor, judges that the equalization current is not equal to a preset equalization current value, and sends a detection signal and a maintenance signal to a maintainer;
step 4, when the equalization resistor is disconnected, the current sensor cannot detect the equalization current, the standby equalization resistor switch is controlled to be switched on through the microcontroller, at the moment, the current sensor detects the equalization current, the equalization resistor is judged to be disconnected instead of the battery equalization switch, and the microcontroller sends a detection signal and a maintenance signal to maintenance personnel;
step 5, when the equalization switch is in short circuit and the fuse is fused, the microcontroller detects instant large current and instant large voltage drop of a battery monomer through the current sensor, the microcontroller controls the switch of the standby equalization resistor and the switch of the standby fuse to be closed, the switch of the main circuit equalization resistor is turned off, the fuse is still fused, and the equalization switch is determined to be in short circuit, and the microcontroller sends a detection signal and a maintenance signal to a maintainer;
and 6, when the equalizing resistor is in a short circuit connection due to corrosion and the like caused by long-time work and the fuse is fused, the microcontroller detects continuous large current and instant large voltage drop of a battery monomer, the microcontroller controls the switch of the standby equalizing resistor and the switch of the standby fuse to be closed, the switch of the main circuit equalizing resistor is switched off, the microcontroller detects normal equalizing current and judges that the equalizing resistor is in a short circuit, and the microcontroller sends a detection and maintenance signal to a maintainer.
Preferably, the equalization switch is a PWM controlled MOSFET switch.
Preferably, a current sensor is located between the balancing resistance and the fuse.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the passive equalization circuit and the failure detection and remediation circuit can perform passive equalization of the battery, perform fault detection and repair when the equalization system fails, perform remediation under the condition that the equalization resistor is broken or short-circuited and burns out the fuse, and call the standby equalization resistor and the standby fuse to continue equalization.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a passive equalization circuit for performing passive equalization of a battery, the passive equalization circuit comprising: the battery cell balancing circuit comprises a plurality of battery cells 1-celln connected in series, switch matrixes K1-K2 n, a balancing resistor R1, a microcontroller and a fuse F1, wherein each battery cell is provided with two corresponding switches for being merged into a balancing circuit, and the connection relationship between the switch matrixes and the battery cells is as follows: k1 is connected between the negative electrodes of the resistors R1 and the cell1, K2 is connected between the positive electrode of the cell1 and the resistor R1, K3 is connected between the negative electrode of the cell2 and the negative electrode of the cell1, K4 is connected between the positive electrode of the cell2 and the resistor R1, K5 is connected between the negative electrode of the cell3 and the negative electrode of the cell1, K6 is connected between the positive electrode of the cell3 and the resistor R1, K7 is connected between the negative electrode of the cell4 and the negative electrode of the cell1, K8 is connected between the positive electrode of the cell4 and the resistor R1, and so on, K (2n-1) is connected between the negative electrode of the cell and the negative electrode of the cell1, and K2n is connected between the positive electrode of the cell and the resistor R1;
the microcontroller is connected with switches K1, K2, K3, … K2n, can control the break-make of switches K1 to K2n for each battery cell can form closed loop with resistance R1, realizes the balanced control of each battery cell.
One end of the fuse F1 is respectively connected with the switches K2, K4, K6, … and K2n, the other end of the fuse F1 is connected with the resistor R1, and when the current in a closed loop of a certain battery unit and the R1 is too large, the fuse F1 is automatically fused to protect the equalizing circuit.
As shown in fig. 2, compared with the connection mode shown in fig. 1, the connection mode corresponding to fig. 2 is different in that the switches K3, K5, K7 and … K (2n-1) are connected to the negative electrode of celln and the left end of the equalizing resistor R1.
The working principle of the passive equalization circuit is as follows:
as shown in fig. 3, when the battery capacity of any one battery cell n exceeds the maximum battery capacity of the remaining battery cells, and the excess amount is greater than the equalization threshold, the microcontroller controls to close the equalization switches at the two ends of the battery cell, and the equalization switches and the equalization resistor R1 form a loop to connect the battery to the passive equalization circuit, so as to perform low-current energy consumption. For example, when the battery capacity of the battery cell2 exceeds the maximum battery capacity of the rest of the battery cells, and the excess is greater than the equalization threshold, the microcontroller controls to close the equalization switches K3 and K4 at two ends of the battery cell2, and the cell2 and the R1 form a series closed loop to consume energy with small current.
The main controller of the present invention is selected to be, but not limited to, STM32F103, and the STM32F103 is interfaced with the equalization circuit through a PWM output interface for driving a MOSFET switch in the equalization main circuit and a General Purpose Input Output (GPIO) interface for receiving the voltage value of the battery cell and the current value through the current hall sensor.
The voltage value acquisition mode: 32 way AD conversion channels are taken from inside STM32F103, but the reference voltage of its AD conversion is 2.5V, and the voltage signal of group battery can not direct input to the AD interface, otherwise can burn out the chip. The invention adopts a voltage division principle, reduces the voltage of a high-voltage signal, then accesses an AD channel for conversion, judges the battery capacity by measuring the voltage of the positive electrode of the battery, and further judges whether the balance is to be started or not.
Current value acquisition method: the current Hall sensor is provided with three pins, namely a power supply pin, a grounding pin and a signal output pin, wherein the power supply pin is powered by 5V voltage, and the signal output pin can be directly connected with an AD conversion interface of the STM32F103, converts a changed current signal into a voltage signal and outputs the voltage signal to the main controller for detecting the output of instantaneous large current.
MOSFET switch driving: the MOSFET driving chip adopts fairy FOD3181, the signal input pin is used for connecting the IO port of the single chip microcomputer, the IO port generates PWM signals to the control chip to control the switch of the MOSFET, and all the control pins of the MOSFET driving chip are connected with the IO port of the main controller.
The equalizing resistor R1 is directly connected in series in the equalizing circuit, the spare equalizing resistor R2 is connected in parallel with R1, the switch Ka is connected in series with R1, and Ka is normally closed under the default condition to reduce the control complexity, and the switch Kb is connected in series with R2. The fuse F1 is connected in series in the equalization circuit, and the spare fuse F2 is connected in parallel with the fuse F1.
The battery pack supplies power to an external load in a series connection mode. In the equalization circuit, MOSFET switches K1, K2 are connected in parallel with Cell1, K3, K4 are connected in parallel with Cell2, and so on.
The invention provides a passive equalization failure detection and remedy circuit, which comprises: microcontroller, spare fuse, spare equalizing resistance, current sensor. Compared with the conventional equalization failure detection circuit, one current sensor is connected in parallel to each battery equalization circuit, and one sensor is used in the whole equalization circuit. The microcontroller is configured to be connected to the fuse and the current sensor, perform fault judgment according to the on-off of the fuse and the current signal of the current sensor, and send out a detection signal and a maintenance signal.
As shown in fig. 4, after the balancing resistor is short-circuited and has an open-circuit fault, the remedy circuit is controlled by the microcontroller to open the switch Ka of the original balancing resistor R1, and then close the backup balancing resistor R2 switch Kb and the backup balancing fuse F2 switch K (if the fuse F1 is blown), so that the balancing operation can be continued.
The current sensor G is a Hall sensor, can monitor the equalizing current in real time and transmits the current value to the MCU. The fuse can be timely fused after the short circuit occurs in the equalizing circuit, so that the safety risk is prevented. And the MCU acquires the balance current value of the current sensor G, distinguishes various balance failure models, provides different solutions and carries out fault alarm.
In order to increase the application range of the present invention, the control method of the passive equalization control circuit and the failure detection and remedy circuit designed by the present invention is further explained, and the control method comprises the following steps:
and (3) balanced opening: when the battery capacity of any battery monomer exceeds the maximum battery capacity of other monomer batteries and the excess is larger than the balance threshold value, the main controller system controls the balance switches at the two ends of the battery monomer to be opened, the battery is connected into the passive balance circuit, and low-current energy consumption is carried out.
The balance threshold is obtained by experiments, different threshold designs are carried out on different lithium batteries, and once the capacity of a certain battery monomer is larger than the maximum value of the capacities of other battery monomers and exceeds the threshold, passive balance energy consumption is carried out.
Detection and remediation of various failure conditions:
1. when the equalizing switches (such as K1 and K2) on two sides of the equalizing battery (such as Cell 1) are disconnected, the current sensor (G) cannot detect equalizing current, the equalizing switches (K3 and K4) of the battery (such as Cell 1) adjacent to the equalizing switch (such as Cell 2) are turned on through the main controller, if the current sensor detects equalizing current, the current sensor judges that the switches (K1 and K2) are disconnected and the non-equalizing resistor (R1) is disconnected, and the main controller sends a detection signal and a maintenance signal to maintenance personnel;
2. when the equalizing switches (such as K1 and K2) are short-circuited and the fuse is not fused, the main controller detects continuous equalizing current through the current sensors, judges that the equalizing current is not equal to a preset equalizing current value, and sends a detection signal and a maintenance signal to maintenance personnel;
3. when the equalizing resistor (R1) is in an open circuit, the current sensor cannot detect the equalizing current, the main controller controls the switch (Ka) of the equalizing resistor (R1) to be switched off and the switch (Kb) of the standby equalizing resistor (R2) to be switched on, at the moment, the current sensor detects the equalizing current, the equalizing resistor is judged to be in the open circuit instead of the open circuit of the equalizing switches on the left side and the right side of the battery, and the main controller sends a detection signal and a maintenance signal to maintenance personnel;
4. when equalizing switches (such as K1 and K2) on two sides of a certain battery are in short circuit and the fuse (F1) is fused, the main controller detects instant large current and instant large voltage drop of a battery monomer through a current sensor, the main controller controls a switch (Kb) of a standby equalizing resistor (R2) and a switch (K) of a standby fuse to be closed, a switch (Ka) of a main circuit equalizing resistor (R1) is disconnected, the fuse is still fused, the equalizing switches (such as K1 and K2) on the two sides of the battery are determined to be in short circuit, and the main controller sends a detection signal and a maintenance signal to maintenance personnel;
5. when equalizing resistance (R1) take place to connect short circuit and fuse (F1) fusing because of reasons such as long-time work emergence corrosion, main control unit detects and lasts heavy current and the free big voltage drop in the twinkling of an eye of battery, main control unit control reserve equalizing resistance (R2) switch (Kb) and reserve fuse switch (K) are closed, and main circuit equalizing resistance (R1) switch (Ka) are shut off, and main control unit detects normal balanced current, then judges that equalizing resistance is short circuit, and main control unit sends and detects and maintenance signal to maintainer.
The switches used for the balance control can be power electronic switches (such as MOSFET), and the on-off of the switches is controlled through PWM.
It should be noted that the various technical features described in the above embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction, and the invention is not described in any way for the possible combinations in order to avoid unnecessary repetition.
The above-listed detailed description is only a specific description of a possible embodiment of the present invention, and they are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and equivalent embodiments or modifications made without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.