CN110979097A - A battery pack passive balance control circuit and method and its failure detection and remedy circuit and method - Google Patents

A battery pack passive balance control circuit and method and its failure detection and remedy circuit and method Download PDF

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CN110979097A
CN110979097A CN201911106317.2A CN201911106317A CN110979097A CN 110979097 A CN110979097 A CN 110979097A CN 201911106317 A CN201911106317 A CN 201911106317A CN 110979097 A CN110979097 A CN 110979097A
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resistor
battery
circuit
current
switch
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李国春
刘畅
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Jiangsu University
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M10/4257Smart batteries, e.g. electronic circuits inside the housing of the cells or batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4271Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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  • Transportation (AREA)
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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种电池组被动均衡控制电路和方法及其失效检测补救电路和方法,被动均衡电路包括:多个电池串联单体以及每个电池单体配有两个开关,一个被动均衡耗散电阻及保险丝;失效检测电路包括备用电阻以及备用电阻支路上的开关,一个备用保险丝,电流传感器,微控制器根据保险丝的通断以及电流传感器得到的电流大小来发出检测与维修信号。该被动均衡控制电路减少了现有控制电路中的电阻、保险丝、电流传感器的数量,节省了成本;同时,该失效控制电路具有均衡电阻以及保险丝的备份,在主体失效后可以通过更换保险丝和均衡电阻,解决了现有被动均衡控制电路在均衡电阻短路及断路后无法继续工作,实现了被动均衡电路失效检测与及时补救。

Figure 201911106317

The invention discloses a passive equalization control circuit and method of a battery pack and a failure detection and remedy circuit and method thereof. The passive equalization circuit comprises: a plurality of battery cells connected in series; The failure detection circuit includes a backup resistor and a switch on the backup resistor branch, a backup fuse, a current sensor, and the microcontroller sends a detection and maintenance signal according to the on-off of the fuse and the current size obtained by the current sensor. The passive balance control circuit reduces the number of resistors, fuses, and current sensors in the existing control circuit, and saves costs; at the same time, the failure control circuit has backup of balance resistance and fuse, and can replace the fuse and balance after the main body fails. The resistor solves the problem that the existing passive equalization control circuit cannot continue to work after the equalization resistor is short-circuited and disconnected, and realizes the failure detection and timely remediation of the passive equalization circuit.

Figure 201911106317

Description

Battery pack passive equalization control circuit and method and failure detection and remediation circuit and method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of battery passive equalization control, and particularly relates to a passive equalization circuit design, failure detection and remediation and a control method.
Background
In recent years, electric vehicles have entered the historical stage against the era of support of national policies and a drastic reduction in fossil fuels. The lithium battery pack with large capacity is used as an energy storage element of the electric automobile, and the single batteries are generally connected in series to boost the voltage for the circuit of the whole automobile. Due to the difference in production and manufacturing of lithium batteries and the slight difference in environmental temperature and other factors in the later use process, the characteristics of lithium batteries after multiple charging and discharging uses are obviously inconsistent, including the SOC and the open-circuit voltage of the batteries, and the difference is further increased in the future use to accelerate the decay of the service life of the batteries, so that a balancing circuit is required to balance the lithium batteries.
Currently, the battery pack is generally balanced by adopting bypass resistance energy consumption and switch-controlled passive balancing, but in the balancing mode, a balancing resistor is connected in parallel to each battery monomer, so that the cost of a battery pack balancing system is increased, a large requirement is provided for the thermal management of the battery pack due to excessive resistance, and the balancing mode has a potential failure risk.
Experiments and data statistics show that the passive equalization circuit generally has the following failure: 1. the equalization circuit is broken, and the whole equalization system does not work; 2. the switch is ablated or broken down to be short-circuited due to long-term use, and the battery has short-circuit risk; 3. when the switch has short-circuit fault, the balance of the battery can not be carried out; 4. if the balancing resistor is short-circuited due to corrosion or is short-circuited due to long-term use, the corresponding battery has a short-circuit risk or cannot be balanced.
At present, the failure of the equalizing battery is generally ensured by the reliability of the equalizing circuit device. The great national construction et al invent a failure detection circuit which can detect and alarm the failure of the equalization circuit, but the equalization circuit itself does not solve the cost problem and the thermal management problem caused by excessive equalization resistance, and when the equalization circuit cannot continue to work due to the failure of the equalization resistance, no remedial measure can be given, and only the maintenance personnel can wait for the detection, so that the equalization circuit cannot work in the period.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a novel passive equalization circuit of a battery pack, a failure remedy circuit of the equalization circuit and a failure detection remedy method. The passive equalization circuit reduces the use of equalization resistance, reduces the cost of the battery pack and lightens the working pressure of a battery pack thermal management system. Meanwhile, compared with the prior art, the passive equalization circuit reduces the use of fuses and current sensors, reduces the cost and saves I/O ports of a battery management chip. The balancing circuit failure remedy circuit can remedy the balancing resistance through the standby balancing resistance when the balancing resistance is broken or short-circuited, and overcomes the defects that the balancing cannot be continued and only maintenance personnel can wait for the problem.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a passive equalization control circuit, which abandons the existing equalization circuit design, namely, each battery is connected with an equalization resistor in parallel, and the on-off of a switch matrix is controlled by a vehicle-mounted computer microcontroller MCU instead of adopting an equalization resistor, so that the battery to be equalized is connected to the equalization circuit for equalization.
The structure and the connection mode of the circuit are specifically as follows: the resistor R1 and the battery pack form a series loop; the battery pack comprises n battery units which are respectively cell1, cell2, cell3 and cell … cell which are sequentially connected in series, the switch matrix comprises switches K1, K2, K3 and … K2n, and the connection relationship between the switch matrix and the battery pack is as follows: k1 is connected between the resistor R1 and the negative electrode of the cell1, K2 is connected between the positive electrode of the cell1 and the resistor R1, K3 is connected between the negative electrode of the cell2 and the negative electrode of the cell1, K4 is connected between the positive electrode of the cell2 and the resistor R1, K5 is connected between the negative electrode of the cell3 and the negative electrode of the cell1, K6 is connected between the positive electrode of the cell3 and the resistor R1, K7 is connected between the negative electrode of the cell4 and the negative electrode of the cell1, K8 is connected between the positive electrode of the cell4 and the resistor R1, K (2n-1) is connected between the negative electrode of the cell1, and K2n is connected between the positive electrode of the cell and the resistor R1;
the microcontroller is connected with switches K1, K2, K3, … K2n, can control the break-make of switches K1 to K2n for each battery cell can form closed loop with resistance R1, realizes the balanced control of each battery cell.
A battery pack passive equalization failure detection and remediation circuit comprising: compared with the existing equalization failure detection circuit, each battery equalization circuit is connected with one current sensor in parallel, and the current sensor G is optimized to be used in the whole equalization circuit. The microcontroller is configured to be connected to the fuse and the current sensor, perform fault judgment according to the on-off of the fuse and the current signal of the current sensor, and send out a detection signal and a maintenance signal.
The invention provides a passive equalization circuit and a control method of a failure detection and remediation circuit, wherein the control method of the passive equalization and failure detection and remediation comprises the following steps: the passive equalization circuit of the connection type shown in fig. 1 is used. The method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, when the battery capacity of any battery monomer exceeds the maximum battery capacity of other monomer batteries and the excess is larger than an equalization threshold, a microcontroller system controls to close equalization switches at two ends of the battery monomer, and the battery is connected to a passive equalization circuit to consume energy with low current.
Step 2, when the equalization switch is in an open circuit, the current sensor cannot detect the equalization current, the equalization switch of the battery adjacent to the battery is turned on through the microcontroller, when the current sensor detects the equalization current, the judgment is that the switch is in the open circuit, but not the equalization resistor is in the open circuit, and the microcontroller sends a detection signal and a maintenance signal to a maintainer;
step 3, when the equalization switch Ka is short-circuited and the fuse F1 is not fused, the microcontroller detects continuous equalization current through the current sensor, judges that the equalization current is not equal to a preset equalization current value, and sends a detection signal and a maintenance signal to a maintainer;
step 4, when the equalization resistor is disconnected, the current sensor cannot detect the equalization current, the standby equalization resistor switch is controlled to be switched on through the microcontroller, at the moment, the current sensor detects the equalization current, the equalization resistor is judged to be disconnected instead of the battery equalization switch, and the microcontroller sends a detection signal and a maintenance signal to maintenance personnel;
step 5, when the equalization switch is in short circuit and the fuse is fused, the microcontroller detects instant large current and instant large voltage drop of a battery monomer through the current sensor, the microcontroller controls the switch of the standby equalization resistor and the switch of the standby fuse to be closed, the switch of the main circuit equalization resistor is turned off, the fuse is still fused, and the equalization switch is determined to be in short circuit, and the microcontroller sends a detection signal and a maintenance signal to a maintainer;
and 6, when the equalizing resistor is in a short circuit connection due to corrosion and the like caused by long-time work and the fuse is fused, the microcontroller detects continuous large current and instant large voltage drop of a battery monomer, the microcontroller controls the switch of the standby equalizing resistor and the switch of the standby fuse to be closed, the switch of the main circuit equalizing resistor is switched off, the microcontroller detects normal equalizing current and judges that the equalizing resistor is in a short circuit, and the microcontroller sends a detection and maintenance signal to a maintainer.
Preferably, the equalization switch is a PWM controlled MOSFET switch.
Preferably, a current sensor is located between the balancing resistance and the fuse.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the passive equalization circuit and the failure detection and remediation circuit can perform passive equalization of the battery, perform fault detection and repair when the equalization system fails, perform remediation under the condition that the equalization resistor is broken or short-circuited and burns out the fuse, and call the standby equalization resistor and the standby fuse to continue equalization.
Drawings
FIG. 1 illustrates a mode of the present invention not operating in an equalization state;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of another connection of the equalizing circuit of the present invention;
FIG. 3 illustrates the mode of operation of the passive equalization circuit of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating the mode of operation of the failure remediation circuit of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a passive equalization circuit for performing passive equalization of a battery, the passive equalization circuit comprising: the battery cell balancing circuit comprises a plurality of battery cells 1-celln connected in series, switch matrixes K1-K2 n, a balancing resistor R1, a microcontroller and a fuse F1, wherein each battery cell is provided with two corresponding switches for being merged into a balancing circuit, and the connection relationship between the switch matrixes and the battery cells is as follows: k1 is connected between the negative electrodes of the resistors R1 and the cell1, K2 is connected between the positive electrode of the cell1 and the resistor R1, K3 is connected between the negative electrode of the cell2 and the negative electrode of the cell1, K4 is connected between the positive electrode of the cell2 and the resistor R1, K5 is connected between the negative electrode of the cell3 and the negative electrode of the cell1, K6 is connected between the positive electrode of the cell3 and the resistor R1, K7 is connected between the negative electrode of the cell4 and the negative electrode of the cell1, K8 is connected between the positive electrode of the cell4 and the resistor R1, and so on, K (2n-1) is connected between the negative electrode of the cell and the negative electrode of the cell1, and K2n is connected between the positive electrode of the cell and the resistor R1;
the microcontroller is connected with switches K1, K2, K3, … K2n, can control the break-make of switches K1 to K2n for each battery cell can form closed loop with resistance R1, realizes the balanced control of each battery cell.
One end of the fuse F1 is respectively connected with the switches K2, K4, K6, … and K2n, the other end of the fuse F1 is connected with the resistor R1, and when the current in a closed loop of a certain battery unit and the R1 is too large, the fuse F1 is automatically fused to protect the equalizing circuit.
As shown in fig. 2, compared with the connection mode shown in fig. 1, the connection mode corresponding to fig. 2 is different in that the switches K3, K5, K7 and … K (2n-1) are connected to the negative electrode of celln and the left end of the equalizing resistor R1.
The working principle of the passive equalization circuit is as follows:
as shown in fig. 3, when the battery capacity of any one battery cell n exceeds the maximum battery capacity of the remaining battery cells, and the excess amount is greater than the equalization threshold, the microcontroller controls to close the equalization switches at the two ends of the battery cell, and the equalization switches and the equalization resistor R1 form a loop to connect the battery to the passive equalization circuit, so as to perform low-current energy consumption. For example, when the battery capacity of the battery cell2 exceeds the maximum battery capacity of the rest of the battery cells, and the excess is greater than the equalization threshold, the microcontroller controls to close the equalization switches K3 and K4 at two ends of the battery cell2, and the cell2 and the R1 form a series closed loop to consume energy with small current.
The main controller of the present invention is selected to be, but not limited to, STM32F103, and the STM32F103 is interfaced with the equalization circuit through a PWM output interface for driving a MOSFET switch in the equalization main circuit and a General Purpose Input Output (GPIO) interface for receiving the voltage value of the battery cell and the current value through the current hall sensor.
The voltage value acquisition mode: 32 way AD conversion channels are taken from inside STM32F103, but the reference voltage of its AD conversion is 2.5V, and the voltage signal of group battery can not direct input to the AD interface, otherwise can burn out the chip. The invention adopts a voltage division principle, reduces the voltage of a high-voltage signal, then accesses an AD channel for conversion, judges the battery capacity by measuring the voltage of the positive electrode of the battery, and further judges whether the balance is to be started or not.
Current value acquisition method: the current Hall sensor is provided with three pins, namely a power supply pin, a grounding pin and a signal output pin, wherein the power supply pin is powered by 5V voltage, and the signal output pin can be directly connected with an AD conversion interface of the STM32F103, converts a changed current signal into a voltage signal and outputs the voltage signal to the main controller for detecting the output of instantaneous large current.
MOSFET switch driving: the MOSFET driving chip adopts fairy FOD3181, the signal input pin is used for connecting the IO port of the single chip microcomputer, the IO port generates PWM signals to the control chip to control the switch of the MOSFET, and all the control pins of the MOSFET driving chip are connected with the IO port of the main controller.
The equalizing resistor R1 is directly connected in series in the equalizing circuit, the spare equalizing resistor R2 is connected in parallel with R1, the switch Ka is connected in series with R1, and Ka is normally closed under the default condition to reduce the control complexity, and the switch Kb is connected in series with R2. The fuse F1 is connected in series in the equalization circuit, and the spare fuse F2 is connected in parallel with the fuse F1.
The battery pack supplies power to an external load in a series connection mode. In the equalization circuit, MOSFET switches K1, K2 are connected in parallel with Cell1, K3, K4 are connected in parallel with Cell2, and so on.
The invention provides a passive equalization failure detection and remedy circuit, which comprises: microcontroller, spare fuse, spare equalizing resistance, current sensor. Compared with the conventional equalization failure detection circuit, one current sensor is connected in parallel to each battery equalization circuit, and one sensor is used in the whole equalization circuit. The microcontroller is configured to be connected to the fuse and the current sensor, perform fault judgment according to the on-off of the fuse and the current signal of the current sensor, and send out a detection signal and a maintenance signal.
As shown in fig. 4, after the balancing resistor is short-circuited and has an open-circuit fault, the remedy circuit is controlled by the microcontroller to open the switch Ka of the original balancing resistor R1, and then close the backup balancing resistor R2 switch Kb and the backup balancing fuse F2 switch K (if the fuse F1 is blown), so that the balancing operation can be continued.
The current sensor G is a Hall sensor, can monitor the equalizing current in real time and transmits the current value to the MCU. The fuse can be timely fused after the short circuit occurs in the equalizing circuit, so that the safety risk is prevented. And the MCU acquires the balance current value of the current sensor G, distinguishes various balance failure models, provides different solutions and carries out fault alarm.
In order to increase the application range of the present invention, the control method of the passive equalization control circuit and the failure detection and remedy circuit designed by the present invention is further explained, and the control method comprises the following steps:
and (3) balanced opening: when the battery capacity of any battery monomer exceeds the maximum battery capacity of other monomer batteries and the excess is larger than the balance threshold value, the main controller system controls the balance switches at the two ends of the battery monomer to be opened, the battery is connected into the passive balance circuit, and low-current energy consumption is carried out.
The balance threshold is obtained by experiments, different threshold designs are carried out on different lithium batteries, and once the capacity of a certain battery monomer is larger than the maximum value of the capacities of other battery monomers and exceeds the threshold, passive balance energy consumption is carried out.
Detection and remediation of various failure conditions:
1. when the equalizing switches (such as K1 and K2) on two sides of the equalizing battery (such as Cell 1) are disconnected, the current sensor (G) cannot detect equalizing current, the equalizing switches (K3 and K4) of the battery (such as Cell 1) adjacent to the equalizing switch (such as Cell 2) are turned on through the main controller, if the current sensor detects equalizing current, the current sensor judges that the switches (K1 and K2) are disconnected and the non-equalizing resistor (R1) is disconnected, and the main controller sends a detection signal and a maintenance signal to maintenance personnel;
2. when the equalizing switches (such as K1 and K2) are short-circuited and the fuse is not fused, the main controller detects continuous equalizing current through the current sensors, judges that the equalizing current is not equal to a preset equalizing current value, and sends a detection signal and a maintenance signal to maintenance personnel;
3. when the equalizing resistor (R1) is in an open circuit, the current sensor cannot detect the equalizing current, the main controller controls the switch (Ka) of the equalizing resistor (R1) to be switched off and the switch (Kb) of the standby equalizing resistor (R2) to be switched on, at the moment, the current sensor detects the equalizing current, the equalizing resistor is judged to be in the open circuit instead of the open circuit of the equalizing switches on the left side and the right side of the battery, and the main controller sends a detection signal and a maintenance signal to maintenance personnel;
4. when equalizing switches (such as K1 and K2) on two sides of a certain battery are in short circuit and the fuse (F1) is fused, the main controller detects instant large current and instant large voltage drop of a battery monomer through a current sensor, the main controller controls a switch (Kb) of a standby equalizing resistor (R2) and a switch (K) of a standby fuse to be closed, a switch (Ka) of a main circuit equalizing resistor (R1) is disconnected, the fuse is still fused, the equalizing switches (such as K1 and K2) on the two sides of the battery are determined to be in short circuit, and the main controller sends a detection signal and a maintenance signal to maintenance personnel;
5. when equalizing resistance (R1) take place to connect short circuit and fuse (F1) fusing because of reasons such as long-time work emergence corrosion, main control unit detects and lasts heavy current and the free big voltage drop in the twinkling of an eye of battery, main control unit control reserve equalizing resistance (R2) switch (Kb) and reserve fuse switch (K) are closed, and main circuit equalizing resistance (R1) switch (Ka) are shut off, and main control unit detects normal balanced current, then judges that equalizing resistance is short circuit, and main control unit sends and detects and maintenance signal to maintainer.
The switches used for the balance control can be power electronic switches (such as MOSFET), and the on-off of the switches is controlled through PWM.
It should be noted that the various technical features described in the above embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction, and the invention is not described in any way for the possible combinations in order to avoid unnecessary repetition.
The above-listed detailed description is only a specific description of a possible embodiment of the present invention, and they are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and equivalent embodiments or modifications made without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1.一种电池组被动均衡控制电路,其特征在于,包括:电阻R1、开关矩阵和微控制器;所述电阻R1与所述电池组形成串联回路;所述电池组包含n个电池单元,分别为依次串联的cell1、cell2、cell3、…celln,所述开关矩阵包括开关K1、K2、K3,…K2n,所述开关矩阵与电池组的连接关系为:K1接在电阻R1和cell1的负极之间,K2接在cell1的正极与电阻R1之间,K3接在cell2的负极与cell1的负极之间,K4接在cell2的正极与电阻R1之间,K5接在cell3的负极与cell1的负极之间,K6接在cell3的正极与电阻R1之间,K7接在cell4的负极与cell1的负极之间,K8接在cell4的正极与电阻R1之间,依此类推,将K(2n-1)接在celln的负极与cell1的负极之间,K2n接在celln的正极与电阻R1之间;1. A passive balancing control circuit for a battery pack, comprising: a resistor R1, a switch matrix and a microcontroller; the resistor R1 and the battery pack form a series loop; the battery pack comprises n battery cells, They are respectively cell1, cell2, cell3, ... celln in series, the switch matrix includes switches K1, K2, K3, ... K2n, and the connection relationship between the switch matrix and the battery pack is: K1 is connected to the resistor R1 and the negative electrode of cell1 In between, K2 is connected between the positive electrode of cell1 and resistor R1, K3 is connected between the negative electrode of cell2 and the negative electrode of cell1, K4 is connected between the positive electrode of cell2 and resistor R1, K5 is connected between the negative electrode of cell3 and the negative electrode of cell1 In between, K6 is connected between the positive electrode of cell3 and resistor R1, K7 is connected between the negative electrode of cell4 and the negative electrode of cell1, K8 is connected between the positive electrode of cell4 and resistor R1, and so on, K(2n-1 ) is connected between the negative electrode of celln and the negative electrode of cell1, and K2n is connected between the positive electrode of celln and the resistance R1; 所述微控制器与开关K1、K2、K3,…K2n相连,能够控制开关K1至K2n的通断,使得每个电池单元通过其两侧的开关闭合能够与电阻R1形成闭合回路,实现每个电池单元的均衡控制。The microcontroller is connected to the switches K1, K2, K3, ... K2n, and can control the on-off of the switches K1 to K2n, so that each battery cell can form a closed loop with the resistor R1 through the closing of the switches on both sides thereof, so that each battery cell can be closed. Balance control of battery cells. 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种电池组被动均衡控制电路,其特征在于,还包括保险丝F1,所述保险丝F1的一端分别与开关K2、K4、K6、…、K2n相连,另一端连接电阻R1,当某电池单元与R1的闭合回路中的电流过大时该保险丝F1自动熔断。2. A battery pack passive balance control circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a fuse F1, one end of the fuse F1 is respectively connected to the switches K2, K4, K6, ..., K2n, and the other end is connected to Resistor R1, when the current in the closed loop between a battery unit and R1 is too large, the fuse F1 is automatically blown. 3.根据权利要求1所述的一种电池组被动均衡控制电路,其特征在于,所述开关K3、K5、K7、…K(2n-1)还可以接在celln的负极与均衡电阻R1左端。3. The passive balance control circuit of a battery pack according to claim 1, wherein the switches K3, K5, K7, ... K(2n-1) can also be connected to the negative electrode of celln and the left end of the balance resistor R1 . 4.根据权利要求1所述的一种电池组被动均衡控制电路,其特征在于,所述均衡开关K1~K2n采用PWM控制的MOSFET开关。4 . The passive balance control circuit of a battery pack according to claim 1 , wherein the balance switches K1 to K2n are PWM-controlled MOSFET switches. 5 . 5.根据权利要求1所述的一种电池组被动均衡控制电路,其特征在于,所述微控制器采用STM32F103。5 . The passive balance control circuit of a battery pack according to claim 1 , wherein the microcontroller adopts STM32F103. 6 . 6.根据权利要求1-5任一项所述一种电池组被动均衡控制电路的控制方法,其特征在于,6. The control method of a passive balance control circuit of a battery pack according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein, 当任意一个电池单体cell1~celln的电池容量超过其余单体电池最大电池容量,并且该超出量大于均衡阈值时,由微控制器控制将该电池单体两端的均衡开关闭合与均衡电阻R1形成回路,将该电池单体接入被动均衡电路,进行小电流耗能;具体地:When the battery capacity of any one of the battery cells cell1 to celln exceeds the maximum battery capacity of the remaining single cells, and the excess is greater than the equalization threshold, the microcontroller controls the closing of the equalization switches at both ends of the battery cell and the equalization resistor R1. loop, the battery cell is connected to the passive balancing circuit to consume small current; specifically: 当电池单元cell1进行均衡时,控制电池单元cell1两侧的均衡开关K1和K2接通,使得cell1、电阻R1以及保险丝F1形成回路;When the battery cell cell1 is balanced, the balance switches K1 and K2 on both sides of the battery cell cell1 are controlled to be turned on, so that the cell1, the resistor R1 and the fuse F1 form a loop; 当电池单元cell2进行均衡时,控制电池单元cell2两侧的均衡开关K3和K4接通,使得cell2、电阻R1以及保险丝F1形成回路;When the battery cell cell2 is balanced, the balance switches K3 and K4 on both sides of the battery cell cell2 are controlled to be turned on, so that the cell2, the resistor R1 and the fuse F1 form a loop; 当电池单元cell3进行均衡时,控制电池单元cell3两侧的均衡开关K5和K6接通,使得cell3、电阻R1以及保险丝F1形成回路;When the battery cell cell3 is balanced, the balance switches K5 and K6 on both sides of the battery cell cell3 are controlled to be turned on, so that the cell3, the resistor R1 and the fuse F1 form a loop; 依此类推,So on and so forth, 当电池单元celln进行均衡时,控制电池单元celln两侧的均衡开关K(2n-1)和K2n接通,使得celln、电阻R1以及保险丝F1形成回路。When the battery cell celln is balanced, the balance switches K(2n-1) and K2n on both sides of the battery cell celln are controlled to be turned on, so that the celln, the resistor R1 and the fuse F1 form a loop. 7.根据权利要求1-5任一项所述一种电池组被动均衡控制电路的失效检测及补救电路,其特征在于,包括电阻R2、保险丝F2、电流传感器G以及开关K、Ka、Kb;所述电阻R2与开关Kb串联后和开关Ka与电阻R1串联后的电路相并联,形成第一并联电路;所述开关K与F2串联后再与F1相并联,形成第二并联;所述电流传感器G接在第一并联电路和第二并联电路之间;所述微控制器分别与保险丝F1、F2以及电流传感器G相连,根据保险丝的通断信号和电流传感器的电流信号进行故障判断并发出检测信号和维修信号。7. The failure detection and remedy circuit of a passive balance control circuit of a battery pack according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, comprising resistor R2, fuse F2, current sensor G and switches K, Ka, Kb; After the resistor R2 is connected in series with the switch Kb, it is connected in parallel with the circuit after the switch Ka and the resistor R1 are connected in series to form a first parallel circuit; the switch K is connected in series with F2 and then connected in parallel with F1 to form a second parallel circuit; the current The sensor G is connected between the first parallel circuit and the second parallel circuit; the microcontroller is respectively connected with the fuses F1, F2 and the current sensor G, and the fault is judged according to the on-off signal of the fuse and the current signal of the current sensor and sent out Test signals and maintenance signals. 8.根据权利要求7所述一种电池组被动均衡控制电路的失效检测及补救电路的控制方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:8. The control method of the failure detection and remedial circuit of a passive balance control circuit of a battery pack according to claim 7, characterized in that, comprising the steps of: 步骤1,在任意一个电池单体的电池容量超过其余单体电池最大电池容量,并且该超出量大于均衡阈值时,由微控制器控制将该电池单体两端均衡开关闭合以及总开关K1闭合,将电池接入被动均衡电路,进行小电流耗能;Step 1, when the battery capacity of any one battery cell exceeds the maximum battery capacity of the remaining single cells, and the excess is greater than the balance threshold, the microcontroller controls the balance switch at both ends of the battery cell to close and the main switch K1 to close. , connect the battery to the passive balancing circuit for low current consumption; 步骤2,当均衡电池两侧的均衡开关发生断路时,所述电流传感器检测不到均衡电流,则通过微控制器开通该电池相邻电池的均衡开关,电流传感器检测到均衡电流,则判断是原均衡开关断路而非原均衡电阻断路,微控制器发送检测结果信号;Step 2, when the balancing switches on both sides of the balancing battery are disconnected and the current sensor cannot detect the balancing current, the microcontroller turns on the balancing switches of the adjacent batteries of the battery, and the current sensor detects the balancing current, then it is determined that The original equalizing switch is disconnected instead of the original equalizing resistor, and the microcontroller sends the detection result signal; 步骤3,当所述均衡开关短路且所述保险丝不熔断时,所述微控制器通过电流传感器检测到持续的均衡电流,且判定均衡电流不等于预设均衡电流值,微控制器发送检测结果信号;Step 3, when the equalizing switch is short-circuited and the fuse is not blown, the microcontroller detects a continuous equalizing current through the current sensor, and determines that the equalizing current is not equal to the preset equalizing current value, and the microcontroller sends the detection result Signal; 步骤4,当所述均衡电阻R1断路时,所述电流传感器检测不到均衡电流,则通过微控制器控制该均衡电阻R1的开关Ka关断和备用均衡电阻R2开关Kb导通,此时电流传感器检测到均衡电流,则判断是均衡电阻断路而非电池左右两侧的均衡开关断路,微控制器发送检测结果信号;Step 4, when the equalizing resistor R1 is disconnected and the current sensor cannot detect the equalizing current, the microcontroller controls the switch Ka of the equalizing resistor R1 to be turned off and the standby equalizing resistor R2 switch Kb to be turned on. At this time, the current When the sensor detects the equalizing current, it is judged that the equalizing resistor is open circuit rather than the equalizing switch on the left and right sides of the battery, and the microcontroller sends the detection result signal; 步骤5,当所述电池两侧的均衡开关短路且所述保险丝F1熔断时,所述微控制器通过电流传感器检测到瞬间大电流以及电池单体的瞬间大压降,所述微控制器控制备用均衡电阻R2的开关Kb以及备用保险丝的开关K闭合,主电路均衡电阻R1开关Ka关断,保险丝仍然发生熔断,则确定是电池两侧的均衡开关短路,微控制器发送检测结果信号;Step 5, when the balancing switches on both sides of the battery are short-circuited and the fuse F1 is blown, the microcontroller detects an instantaneous large current and an instantaneous large voltage drop of the battery cell through the current sensor, and the microcontroller controls When the switch Kb of the backup equalizing resistor R2 and the switch K of the backup fuse are closed, the switch Ka of the main circuit equalizing resistor R1 is turned off, and the fuse is still blown, it is determined that the equalizing switches on both sides of the battery are short-circuited, and the microcontroller sends a detection result signal; 步骤6,当所述均衡电阻R1因长时间工作发生锈蚀等原因发生连接短路且保险丝(F1)熔断时,微控制器检测到持续大电流以及电池单体的瞬间大压降,所述微控制器控制备用均衡电阻(R2)的开关(Kb)以及备用保险丝的开关(K)闭合,主电路均衡电阻(R1)开关(Ka)关断,微控制器检测到正常均衡电流,则判断是均衡电阻短路,微控制器发送检测结果信号。Step 6, when the balancing resistor R1 is short-circuited and the fuse (F1) is blown due to rust and other reasons due to long-term operation, the microcontroller detects a continuous high current and an instantaneous large voltage drop of the battery cell, and the microcontroller The controller controls the switch (Kb) of the backup balancing resistor (R2) and the switch (K) of the backup fuse to close, the main circuit balancing resistor (R1) switch (Ka) is turned off, and the microcontroller detects the normal balancing current, then it is judged to be balanced The resistor is short-circuited, and the microcontroller sends the detection result signal.
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Application publication date: 20200410