CN110979097A - Battery pack passive equalization control circuit and method and failure detection and remediation circuit and method thereof - Google Patents
Battery pack passive equalization control circuit and method and failure detection and remediation circuit and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110979097A CN110979097A CN201911106317.2A CN201911106317A CN110979097A CN 110979097 A CN110979097 A CN 110979097A CN 201911106317 A CN201911106317 A CN 201911106317A CN 110979097 A CN110979097 A CN 110979097A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M10/4257—Smart batteries, e.g. electronic circuits inside the housing of the cells or batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a battery pack passive equalization control circuit and method and a failure detection and remediation circuit and method thereof, wherein the passive equalization circuit comprises: a plurality of battery series-connected single cells and each battery single cell are provided with two switches, one passive balanced dissipation resistor and one fuse; the failure detection circuit comprises a spare resistor, a switch on a spare resistor branch, a spare fuse and a current sensor, and the microcontroller sends out detection and maintenance signals according to the on-off of the fuse and the current obtained by the current sensor. The passive equalization control circuit reduces the number of resistors, fuses and current sensors in the existing control circuit, and saves the cost; meanwhile, the failure control circuit has the balance resistor and the backup of the fuse, and the fuse and the balance resistor can be replaced after the main body fails, so that the problem that the conventional passive balance control circuit cannot continue to work after the balance resistor is short-circuited or broken is solved, and the failure detection and the timely remedy of the passive balance circuit are realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of battery passive equalization control, and particularly relates to a passive equalization circuit design, failure detection and remediation and a control method.
Background
In recent years, electric vehicles have entered the historical stage against the era of support of national policies and a drastic reduction in fossil fuels. The lithium battery pack with large capacity is used as an energy storage element of the electric automobile, and the single batteries are generally connected in series to boost the voltage for the circuit of the whole automobile. Due to the difference in production and manufacturing of lithium batteries and the slight difference in environmental temperature and other factors in the later use process, the characteristics of lithium batteries after multiple charging and discharging uses are obviously inconsistent, including the SOC and the open-circuit voltage of the batteries, and the difference is further increased in the future use to accelerate the decay of the service life of the batteries, so that a balancing circuit is required to balance the lithium batteries.
Currently, the battery pack is generally balanced by adopting bypass resistance energy consumption and switch-controlled passive balancing, but in the balancing mode, a balancing resistor is connected in parallel to each battery monomer, so that the cost of a battery pack balancing system is increased, a large requirement is provided for the thermal management of the battery pack due to excessive resistance, and the balancing mode has a potential failure risk.
Experiments and data statistics show that the passive equalization circuit generally has the following failure: 1. the equalization circuit is broken, and the whole equalization system does not work; 2. the switch is ablated or broken down to be short-circuited due to long-term use, and the battery has short-circuit risk; 3. when the switch has short-circuit fault, the balance of the battery can not be carried out; 4. if the balancing resistor is short-circuited due to corrosion or is short-circuited due to long-term use, the corresponding battery has a short-circuit risk or cannot be balanced.
At present, the failure of the equalizing battery is generally ensured by the reliability of the equalizing circuit device. The great national construction et al invent a failure detection circuit which can detect and alarm the failure of the equalization circuit, but the equalization circuit itself does not solve the cost problem and the thermal management problem caused by excessive equalization resistance, and when the equalization circuit cannot continue to work due to the failure of the equalization resistance, no remedial measure can be given, and only the maintenance personnel can wait for the detection, so that the equalization circuit cannot work in the period.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a novel passive equalization circuit of a battery pack, a failure remedy circuit of the equalization circuit and a failure detection remedy method. The passive equalization circuit reduces the use of equalization resistance, reduces the cost of the battery pack and lightens the working pressure of a battery pack thermal management system. Meanwhile, compared with the prior art, the passive equalization circuit reduces the use of fuses and current sensors, reduces the cost and saves I/O ports of a battery management chip. The balancing circuit failure remedy circuit can remedy the balancing resistance through the standby balancing resistance when the balancing resistance is broken or short-circuited, and overcomes the defects that the balancing cannot be continued and only maintenance personnel can wait for the problem.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a passive equalization control circuit, which abandons the existing equalization circuit design, namely, each battery is connected with an equalization resistor in parallel, and the on-off of a switch matrix is controlled by a vehicle-mounted computer microcontroller MCU instead of adopting an equalization resistor, so that the battery to be equalized is connected to the equalization circuit for equalization.
The structure and the connection mode of the circuit are specifically as follows: the resistor R1 and the battery pack form a series loop; the battery pack comprises n battery units which are respectively cell1, cell2, cell3 and cell … cell which are sequentially connected in series, the switch matrix comprises switches K1, K2, K3 and … K2n, and the connection relationship between the switch matrix and the battery pack is as follows: k1 is connected between the resistor R1 and the negative electrode of the cell1, K2 is connected between the positive electrode of the cell1 and the resistor R1, K3 is connected between the negative electrode of the cell2 and the negative electrode of the cell1, K4 is connected between the positive electrode of the cell2 and the resistor R1, K5 is connected between the negative electrode of the cell3 and the negative electrode of the cell1, K6 is connected between the positive electrode of the cell3 and the resistor R1, K7 is connected between the negative electrode of the cell4 and the negative electrode of the cell1, K8 is connected between the positive electrode of the cell4 and the resistor R1, K (2n-1) is connected between the negative electrode of the cell1, and K2n is connected between the positive electrode of the cell and the resistor R1;
the microcontroller is connected with switches K1, K2, K3, … K2n, can control the break-make of switches K1 to K2n for each battery cell can form closed loop with resistance R1, realizes the balanced control of each battery cell.
A battery pack passive equalization failure detection and remediation circuit comprising: compared with the existing equalization failure detection circuit, each battery equalization circuit is connected with one current sensor in parallel, and the current sensor G is optimized to be used in the whole equalization circuit. The microcontroller is configured to be connected to the fuse and the current sensor, perform fault judgment according to the on-off of the fuse and the current signal of the current sensor, and send out a detection signal and a maintenance signal.
The invention provides a passive equalization circuit and a control method of a failure detection and remediation circuit, wherein the control method of the passive equalization and failure detection and remediation comprises the following steps: the passive equalization circuit of the connection type shown in fig. 1 is used. The method comprises the following specific steps:
step 3, when the equalization switch Ka is short-circuited and the fuse F1 is not fused, the microcontroller detects continuous equalization current through the current sensor, judges that the equalization current is not equal to a preset equalization current value, and sends a detection signal and a maintenance signal to a maintainer;
step 4, when the equalization resistor is disconnected, the current sensor cannot detect the equalization current, the standby equalization resistor switch is controlled to be switched on through the microcontroller, at the moment, the current sensor detects the equalization current, the equalization resistor is judged to be disconnected instead of the battery equalization switch, and the microcontroller sends a detection signal and a maintenance signal to maintenance personnel;
step 5, when the equalization switch is in short circuit and the fuse is fused, the microcontroller detects instant large current and instant large voltage drop of a battery monomer through the current sensor, the microcontroller controls the switch of the standby equalization resistor and the switch of the standby fuse to be closed, the switch of the main circuit equalization resistor is turned off, the fuse is still fused, and the equalization switch is determined to be in short circuit, and the microcontroller sends a detection signal and a maintenance signal to a maintainer;
and 6, when the equalizing resistor is in a short circuit connection due to corrosion and the like caused by long-time work and the fuse is fused, the microcontroller detects continuous large current and instant large voltage drop of a battery monomer, the microcontroller controls the switch of the standby equalizing resistor and the switch of the standby fuse to be closed, the switch of the main circuit equalizing resistor is switched off, the microcontroller detects normal equalizing current and judges that the equalizing resistor is in a short circuit, and the microcontroller sends a detection and maintenance signal to a maintainer.
Preferably, the equalization switch is a PWM controlled MOSFET switch.
Preferably, a current sensor is located between the balancing resistance and the fuse.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the passive equalization circuit and the failure detection and remediation circuit can perform passive equalization of the battery, perform fault detection and repair when the equalization system fails, perform remediation under the condition that the equalization resistor is broken or short-circuited and burns out the fuse, and call the standby equalization resistor and the standby fuse to continue equalization.
Drawings
FIG. 1 illustrates a mode of the present invention not operating in an equalization state;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of another connection of the equalizing circuit of the present invention;
FIG. 3 illustrates the mode of operation of the passive equalization circuit of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating the mode of operation of the failure remediation circuit of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a passive equalization circuit for performing passive equalization of a battery, the passive equalization circuit comprising: the battery cell balancing circuit comprises a plurality of battery cells 1-celln connected in series, switch matrixes K1-K2 n, a balancing resistor R1, a microcontroller and a fuse F1, wherein each battery cell is provided with two corresponding switches for being merged into a balancing circuit, and the connection relationship between the switch matrixes and the battery cells is as follows: k1 is connected between the negative electrodes of the resistors R1 and the cell1, K2 is connected between the positive electrode of the cell1 and the resistor R1, K3 is connected between the negative electrode of the cell2 and the negative electrode of the cell1, K4 is connected between the positive electrode of the cell2 and the resistor R1, K5 is connected between the negative electrode of the cell3 and the negative electrode of the cell1, K6 is connected between the positive electrode of the cell3 and the resistor R1, K7 is connected between the negative electrode of the cell4 and the negative electrode of the cell1, K8 is connected between the positive electrode of the cell4 and the resistor R1, and so on, K (2n-1) is connected between the negative electrode of the cell and the negative electrode of the cell1, and K2n is connected between the positive electrode of the cell and the resistor R1;
the microcontroller is connected with switches K1, K2, K3, … K2n, can control the break-make of switches K1 to K2n for each battery cell can form closed loop with resistance R1, realizes the balanced control of each battery cell.
One end of the fuse F1 is respectively connected with the switches K2, K4, K6, … and K2n, the other end of the fuse F1 is connected with the resistor R1, and when the current in a closed loop of a certain battery unit and the R1 is too large, the fuse F1 is automatically fused to protect the equalizing circuit.
As shown in fig. 2, compared with the connection mode shown in fig. 1, the connection mode corresponding to fig. 2 is different in that the switches K3, K5, K7 and … K (2n-1) are connected to the negative electrode of celln and the left end of the equalizing resistor R1.
The working principle of the passive equalization circuit is as follows:
as shown in fig. 3, when the battery capacity of any one battery cell n exceeds the maximum battery capacity of the remaining battery cells, and the excess amount is greater than the equalization threshold, the microcontroller controls to close the equalization switches at the two ends of the battery cell, and the equalization switches and the equalization resistor R1 form a loop to connect the battery to the passive equalization circuit, so as to perform low-current energy consumption. For example, when the battery capacity of the battery cell2 exceeds the maximum battery capacity of the rest of the battery cells, and the excess is greater than the equalization threshold, the microcontroller controls to close the equalization switches K3 and K4 at two ends of the battery cell2, and the cell2 and the R1 form a series closed loop to consume energy with small current.
The main controller of the present invention is selected to be, but not limited to, STM32F103, and the STM32F103 is interfaced with the equalization circuit through a PWM output interface for driving a MOSFET switch in the equalization main circuit and a General Purpose Input Output (GPIO) interface for receiving the voltage value of the battery cell and the current value through the current hall sensor.
The voltage value acquisition mode: 32 way AD conversion channels are taken from inside STM32F103, but the reference voltage of its AD conversion is 2.5V, and the voltage signal of group battery can not direct input to the AD interface, otherwise can burn out the chip. The invention adopts a voltage division principle, reduces the voltage of a high-voltage signal, then accesses an AD channel for conversion, judges the battery capacity by measuring the voltage of the positive electrode of the battery, and further judges whether the balance is to be started or not.
Current value acquisition method: the current Hall sensor is provided with three pins, namely a power supply pin, a grounding pin and a signal output pin, wherein the power supply pin is powered by 5V voltage, and the signal output pin can be directly connected with an AD conversion interface of the STM32F103, converts a changed current signal into a voltage signal and outputs the voltage signal to the main controller for detecting the output of instantaneous large current.
MOSFET switch driving: the MOSFET driving chip adopts fairy FOD3181, the signal input pin is used for connecting the IO port of the single chip microcomputer, the IO port generates PWM signals to the control chip to control the switch of the MOSFET, and all the control pins of the MOSFET driving chip are connected with the IO port of the main controller.
The equalizing resistor R1 is directly connected in series in the equalizing circuit, the spare equalizing resistor R2 is connected in parallel with R1, the switch Ka is connected in series with R1, and Ka is normally closed under the default condition to reduce the control complexity, and the switch Kb is connected in series with R2. The fuse F1 is connected in series in the equalization circuit, and the spare fuse F2 is connected in parallel with the fuse F1.
The battery pack supplies power to an external load in a series connection mode. In the equalization circuit, MOSFET switches K1, K2 are connected in parallel with Cell1, K3, K4 are connected in parallel with Cell2, and so on.
The invention provides a passive equalization failure detection and remedy circuit, which comprises: microcontroller, spare fuse, spare equalizing resistance, current sensor. Compared with the conventional equalization failure detection circuit, one current sensor is connected in parallel to each battery equalization circuit, and one sensor is used in the whole equalization circuit. The microcontroller is configured to be connected to the fuse and the current sensor, perform fault judgment according to the on-off of the fuse and the current signal of the current sensor, and send out a detection signal and a maintenance signal.
As shown in fig. 4, after the balancing resistor is short-circuited and has an open-circuit fault, the remedy circuit is controlled by the microcontroller to open the switch Ka of the original balancing resistor R1, and then close the backup balancing resistor R2 switch Kb and the backup balancing fuse F2 switch K (if the fuse F1 is blown), so that the balancing operation can be continued.
The current sensor G is a Hall sensor, can monitor the equalizing current in real time and transmits the current value to the MCU. The fuse can be timely fused after the short circuit occurs in the equalizing circuit, so that the safety risk is prevented. And the MCU acquires the balance current value of the current sensor G, distinguishes various balance failure models, provides different solutions and carries out fault alarm.
In order to increase the application range of the present invention, the control method of the passive equalization control circuit and the failure detection and remedy circuit designed by the present invention is further explained, and the control method comprises the following steps:
and (3) balanced opening: when the battery capacity of any battery monomer exceeds the maximum battery capacity of other monomer batteries and the excess is larger than the balance threshold value, the main controller system controls the balance switches at the two ends of the battery monomer to be opened, the battery is connected into the passive balance circuit, and low-current energy consumption is carried out.
The balance threshold is obtained by experiments, different threshold designs are carried out on different lithium batteries, and once the capacity of a certain battery monomer is larger than the maximum value of the capacities of other battery monomers and exceeds the threshold, passive balance energy consumption is carried out.
Detection and remediation of various failure conditions:
1. when the equalizing switches (such as K1 and K2) on two sides of the equalizing battery (such as Cell 1) are disconnected, the current sensor (G) cannot detect equalizing current, the equalizing switches (K3 and K4) of the battery (such as Cell 1) adjacent to the equalizing switch (such as Cell 2) are turned on through the main controller, if the current sensor detects equalizing current, the current sensor judges that the switches (K1 and K2) are disconnected and the non-equalizing resistor (R1) is disconnected, and the main controller sends a detection signal and a maintenance signal to maintenance personnel;
2. when the equalizing switches (such as K1 and K2) are short-circuited and the fuse is not fused, the main controller detects continuous equalizing current through the current sensors, judges that the equalizing current is not equal to a preset equalizing current value, and sends a detection signal and a maintenance signal to maintenance personnel;
3. when the equalizing resistor (R1) is in an open circuit, the current sensor cannot detect the equalizing current, the main controller controls the switch (Ka) of the equalizing resistor (R1) to be switched off and the switch (Kb) of the standby equalizing resistor (R2) to be switched on, at the moment, the current sensor detects the equalizing current, the equalizing resistor is judged to be in the open circuit instead of the open circuit of the equalizing switches on the left side and the right side of the battery, and the main controller sends a detection signal and a maintenance signal to maintenance personnel;
4. when equalizing switches (such as K1 and K2) on two sides of a certain battery are in short circuit and the fuse (F1) is fused, the main controller detects instant large current and instant large voltage drop of a battery monomer through a current sensor, the main controller controls a switch (Kb) of a standby equalizing resistor (R2) and a switch (K) of a standby fuse to be closed, a switch (Ka) of a main circuit equalizing resistor (R1) is disconnected, the fuse is still fused, the equalizing switches (such as K1 and K2) on the two sides of the battery are determined to be in short circuit, and the main controller sends a detection signal and a maintenance signal to maintenance personnel;
5. when equalizing resistance (R1) take place to connect short circuit and fuse (F1) fusing because of reasons such as long-time work emergence corrosion, main control unit detects and lasts heavy current and the free big voltage drop in the twinkling of an eye of battery, main control unit control reserve equalizing resistance (R2) switch (Kb) and reserve fuse switch (K) are closed, and main circuit equalizing resistance (R1) switch (Ka) are shut off, and main control unit detects normal balanced current, then judges that equalizing resistance is short circuit, and main control unit sends and detects and maintenance signal to maintainer.
The switches used for the balance control can be power electronic switches (such as MOSFET), and the on-off of the switches is controlled through PWM.
It should be noted that the various technical features described in the above embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction, and the invention is not described in any way for the possible combinations in order to avoid unnecessary repetition.
The above-listed detailed description is only a specific description of a possible embodiment of the present invention, and they are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and equivalent embodiments or modifications made without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A battery pack passive equalization control circuit, comprising: a resistor R1, a switch matrix, and a microcontroller; the resistor R1 and the battery pack form a series loop; the battery pack comprises n battery units which are respectively cell1, cell2, cell3 and cell … cell which are sequentially connected in series, the switch matrix comprises switches K1, K2, K3 and … K2n, and the connection relationship between the switch matrix and the battery pack is as follows: k1 is connected between the negative electrodes of the resistors R1 and the cell1, K2 is connected between the positive electrode of the cell1 and the resistor R1, K3 is connected between the negative electrode of the cell2 and the negative electrode of the cell1, K4 is connected between the positive electrode of the cell2 and the resistor R1, K5 is connected between the negative electrode of the cell3 and the negative electrode of the cell1, K6 is connected between the positive electrode of the cell3 and the resistor R1, K7 is connected between the negative electrode of the cell4 and the negative electrode of the cell1, K8 is connected between the positive electrode of the cell4 and the resistor R1, and so on, K (2n-1) is connected between the negative electrode of the cell and the negative electrode of the cell1, and K2n is connected between the positive electrode of the cell and the resistor R1;
the microcontroller is connected with switches K1, K2, K3 and … K2n and can control the on-off of switches K1 to K2n, so that each battery unit can form a closed loop with a resistor R1 through the closing of the switches on two sides of each battery unit, and the balance control of each battery unit is realized.
2. The battery pack passive equalization control circuit according to claim 1, further comprising a fuse F1, wherein one end of the fuse F1 is connected to switches K2, K4, K6, … and K2n, and the other end is connected to a resistor R1, and the fuse F1 is automatically blown when the current in the closed loop of a certain battery cell and R1 is too large.
3. The battery pack passive equalization control circuit of claim 1, wherein the switches K3, K5, K7, … K (2n-1) are further connected to the negative terminal of celln and the left end of the equalization resistor R1.
4. The battery pack passive equalization control circuit of claim 1, wherein the equalization switches K1-K2 n are PWM-controlled MOSFET switches.
5. The battery pack passive equalization control circuit according to claim 1, wherein the microcontroller employs STM32F 103.
6. The control method of the battery pack passive equalization control circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
when the battery capacity of any one of the battery cells 1-celln exceeds the maximum battery capacity of the rest of the battery cells, and the excess is greater than the balance threshold, the microcontroller controls the balance switches at the two ends of the battery cell to be closed to form a loop with a balance resistor R1, and the battery cell is connected to a passive balance circuit to consume energy with low current; specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
when the battery cell1 is balanced, balancing switches K1 and K2 on two sides of a battery cell1 are controlled to be switched on, so that a loop is formed by the cell1, the resistor R1 and the fuse F1;
when the battery cell2 is balanced, balancing switches K3 and K4 on two sides of a battery cell2 are controlled to be switched on, so that a loop is formed by the cell2, the resistor R1 and the fuse F1;
when the battery cell3 is balanced, balancing switches K5 and K6 on two sides of a battery cell3 are controlled to be switched on, so that a loop is formed by the cell3, the resistor R1 and the fuse F1;
and so on,
when the cell celln is equalized, equalizing switches K (2n-1) and K2n on two sides of the cell celln are controlled to be turned on, so that the cell, the resistor R1 and the fuse F1 form a loop.
7. The circuit for detecting and remedying the failure of the battery pack passive equalization control circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising a resistor R2, a fuse F2, a current sensor G, and switches K, Ka, Kb; the resistor R2 is connected with the switch Kb in series and the switch Ka is connected with the resistor R1 in series to form a first parallel circuit; the switch K is connected with the switch F2 in series and then connected with the switch F1 in parallel to form a second parallel connection; the current sensor G is connected between the first parallel circuit and the second parallel circuit; and the microcontroller is respectively connected with the fuses F1 and F2 and the current sensor G, and is used for carrying out fault judgment and sending out a detection signal and a maintenance signal according to the on-off signal of the fuses and the current signal of the current sensor.
8. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, when the battery capacity of any battery monomer exceeds the maximum battery capacity of other monomer batteries and the excess is greater than an equalization threshold, a microcontroller controls to close equalization switches at two ends of the battery monomer and a main switch K1, and the battery is connected to a passive equalization circuit to consume energy with low current;
step 2, when the equalizing switches on the two sides of the equalizing battery are disconnected, the current sensor cannot detect equalizing current, the equalizing switches of the adjacent batteries of the battery are switched on through the microcontroller, when the current sensor detects equalizing current, the current sensor judges that the original equalizing switch is disconnected but not the original equalizing resistor, and the microcontroller sends a detection result signal;
step 3, when the equalization switch is in short circuit and the fuse is not fused, the microcontroller detects continuous equalization current through the current sensor, judges that the equalization current is not equal to a preset equalization current value, and sends a detection result signal;
step 4, when the equalizing resistor R1 is in an open circuit, the current sensor cannot detect equalizing current, the microcontroller controls the switch Ka of the equalizing resistor R1 to be switched off and the switch Kb of the standby equalizing resistor R2 to be switched on, at the moment, the current sensor detects equalizing current, the equalizing resistor is judged to be in an open circuit instead of the equalizing switches on the left side and the right side of the battery, and the microcontroller sends a detection result signal;
step 5, when the equalization switches on the two sides of the battery are in short circuit and the fuse F1 is fused, the microcontroller detects an instant large current and an instant large voltage drop of a battery monomer through a current sensor, controls a switch Kb of a standby equalization resistor R2 and a switch K of a standby fuse to be closed, switches Ka of a main circuit equalization resistor R1 off and the fuse is still fused, and determines that the equalization switches on the two sides of the battery are in short circuit and sends a detection result signal;
and 6, when the equalizing resistor R1 is in short circuit due to corrosion caused by long-time work and the fuse (F1) is fused, the microcontroller detects continuous large current and instant large voltage drop of a battery monomer, the microcontroller controls a switch (Kb) of the standby equalizing resistor (R2) and a switch (K) of the standby fuse to be closed, a switch (Ka) of the main circuit equalizing resistor (R1) is switched off, and the microcontroller judges that the equalizing resistor is in short circuit if detecting normal equalizing current, and sends a detection result signal.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
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| CN113394855A (en) * | 2021-07-22 | 2021-09-14 | 傲普(上海)新能源有限公司 | Centralized power-adjustable BMS passive equalization circuit |
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| CN116047324A (en) * | 2023-03-07 | 2023-05-02 | 宁波阔野科技有限公司 | Matrix switch short circuit detection circuit and detection method for battery pack |
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