CN111478387A - Battery management system - Google Patents
Battery management system Download PDFInfo
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- CN111478387A CN111478387A CN202010274116.XA CN202010274116A CN111478387A CN 111478387 A CN111478387 A CN 111478387A CN 202010274116 A CN202010274116 A CN 202010274116A CN 111478387 A CN111478387 A CN 111478387A
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 5
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- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 3
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0019—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using switched or multiplexed charge circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/0036—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using connection detecting circuits
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a battery management system, comprising: the battery management units are used for acquiring running state information of the battery modules and controlling the balance among the battery strings and the balance among the modules; the battery control units are used for controlling the charging and discharging of the battery stack according to the running state information of the battery modules; the battery control units comprise a battery centralized control unit which is used for acquiring the running state information of the battery modules managed by the battery centralized control unit and other battery stacks and sending the running state information to the converter. The invention utilizes the battery management unit, the battery control unit and the battery centralized control unit to establish a building block type battery management system, and does not need a third-level hardware resource centralized management battery control unit any more, thereby improving the operation reliability, the applicability and the flexibility of the system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a battery management system.
Background
New energy is continuously developed, and various photovoltaic power generation and wind power generation energy storage devices are also continuously raised. The battery management system is a link between a user and the power battery as the heart-power battery of the photovoltaic power generation and wind power generation energy storage devices. The battery management system detects parameters such as voltage, total voltage, temperature, charging current, discharging current and SOC (battery residual capacity) of each string of single batteries of the power battery, and when a certain parameter is abnormal, the battery management system adjusts the parameters to a reasonable working state under the cooperation of the converter, protects and balances the parameters, so as to ensure the service life and normal use of the battery core. However, in the prior art, the battery management system has complex circuit configuration and more third-level hardware, so that the system reliability is low.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects of complicated circuit configuration, more third-level hardware and lower system reliability in the battery management system in the prior art, thereby providing a battery management system.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
an embodiment of the present invention provides a battery management system, including: the battery management unit is connected with one battery module, one battery module comprises a plurality of battery strings, and one battery management unit and one battery module form one battery pack; the battery management unit is used for acquiring running state information of the battery modules and controlling the balance among the battery strings and the balance among the battery modules; the battery management system comprises a plurality of battery control units, a plurality of battery management units and a battery pack, wherein each battery control unit is connected with a preset number of battery management units; the battery control unit is used for controlling the charging and discharging of the corresponding battery module by controlling the battery management unit according to the running state information of the battery module; the plurality of battery control units comprise a battery centralized control unit which is directly connected with the converter, wherein the battery centralized control unit is any appointed battery control unit; the battery centralized control unit is used for acquiring the running state information of a plurality of battery packs managed by the battery centralized control unit and other battery stacks and sending the running state information to the converter.
In one embodiment, the battery management system further comprises: each battery management unit and each battery control unit are provided with a secondary protection circuit which is used for sending a fault signal to the battery control unit when the battery management system fails; and each switching device is connected with one battery control unit and is used for disconnecting the two backup relays in a fault state.
In one embodiment, a battery management unit includes: the detection current operational amplifier circuit comprises a charging detection current operational amplifier circuit and a discharging detection current operational amplifier circuit, and is used for detecting and amplifying the charging current and the discharging current; the overcurrent comparison circuit comprises a charging current comparison circuit and a discharging current comparison circuit and is used for comparing the charging current and the discharging current with corresponding comparison threshold values; the temperature monitoring circuit comprises an over-temperature detection circuit and a low-temperature detection circuit and is used for collecting the operating temperature of the battery module at a temperature sampling point; and the equalizing circuit comprises an inter-string equalizing circuit and an inter-module equalizing circuit and is used for controlling the equalizing switch tube of the battery module or the battery pack with the voltage higher than the comparison threshold value to be opened when the voltage difference between the battery strings or the battery modules exceeds the corresponding comparison threshold value.
In one embodiment, the battery management unit further comprises: the system comprises a slave control power supply circuit, a circuit formed by cascading a plurality of battery management chips and a slave control single chip microcomputer, wherein the slave control power supply circuit is connected with a battery module and used for converting the voltage of the battery module into a power supply voltage and providing electric energy for a battery management unit; the circuit formed by cascading a plurality of battery management chips is connected with the slave control single chip microcomputer and used for acquiring the running state information of the battery module and configuring a running state comparison threshold value of the battery module; and the slave control single chip microcomputer is respectively connected with the detection current operational amplifier circuit, the temperature monitoring circuit and the battery control unit and is used for acquiring running state information of the battery module, sending the running state information to the battery control unit and controlling inter-string balance and inter-module balance.
In one embodiment, the battery management unit further comprises: the slave control data communication interface circuit is connected with the battery control unit and is used for realizing data information transmission between the battery management unit and the battery control unit; and the slave control differential secondary protection interface circuit is connected with the secondary protection circuit and used for sending the fault signal to the single chip microcomputer and sending other battery management units and the battery control unit to implement secondary protection.
In one embodiment, a battery control unit includes: the main control power supply circuit is connected with the battery stack and used for converting the battery stack voltage into a power supply voltage and providing electric energy for the battery control unit; the slave control board power supply activation circuit is connected with the battery management unit and used for activating and awakening the battery management unit which is in a dormant state or automatically stops the power supply of the slave control board power supply activation circuit; two groups of dial switch circuits are used for setting the number of the series battery packs, designating one battery control unit as a battery centralized control unit, and setting the number of the parallel battery stacks and the ID numbers of other battery control units which are not designated as the battery centralized control unit; and is used to determine whether to perform the black start mode when the system is completely powered off.
In one embodiment, the battery control unit further includes: the two backup relays and the driving circuit thereof comprise a main control charging and discharging relay, a backup relay and a driving circuit thereof, and are used for carrying out secondary protection or secondary protection removal on the battery management unit and the battery control unit by opening or closing the two backup relays; the secondary protection release circuit is used for closing the two backup relays to release secondary protection when the battery module is under voltage; and the insulation detection circuit is used for measuring the insulation resistance.
In one embodiment, the centralized battery control unit further includes: the CAN controller and the driving interface circuit thereof are used for communicating with the converter and CAN of other battery control units; and the master control singlechip is used for being matched with the CAN controller, the insulation detection circuit, the secondary protection removing circuit, the two backup relays and the slave control board power supply activation circuit to realize CAN communication with the converter and other battery control units, detect insulation resistance, remove secondary protection, control the on-off state of the relays and activate a battery management unit power supply.
In one embodiment, the battery control unit further includes: the main control data communication interface is connected with the battery management unit and is used for realizing data communication between the battery management unit and the battery control unit; and the master control differential secondary protection interface circuit is connected with the secondary protection circuit and used for sending a fault signal to the single chip microcomputer and controlling the relay group to simultaneously cut off the master control charge-discharge circuit relay when a fault occurs.
In one embodiment, the battery control unit further includes: and the USB main controller is used for realizing program upgrading of the battery management system through the upgrading file transmitted by the USB flash disk.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
1. the battery management system provided by the invention utilizes the battery management unit to control and manage the charging and discharging of the battery modules, and the battery control unit controls and manages the preset number of battery management units, and selects one battery control unit from the plurality of battery control units as a battery centralized control unit which is used for acquiring the running state information of the plurality of battery modules and other battery stacks managed by the centralized control unit, thereby establishing a building block type battery management system, and no third-level hardware resource centralized management battery control unit is needed, so that the running reliability, applicability and flexibility of the system are improved.
2. According to the battery management system provided by the invention, the secondary protection, the over-charge/over-discharge protection, the over-temperature/low-temperature protection, the charge over-current/discharge over-current protection, the self-checking fault protection, the communication fault protection, the CAN communication fault protection, the current sensor fault protection, the voltage sensor fault protection, the temperature sensor fault protection, the relay fault protection, the air switch trip fault protection, the insulation fault protection and the like are arranged to transversely pass to the edge and longitudinally pass to the bottom, so that the safe and reliable operation of the system is further ensured; through the arrangement of the equalization circuit, inter-string equalization and inter-module equalization are achieved according to the running states of the battery strings and the battery modules.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a composition diagram of a specific example of a battery management system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a structural diagram of a secondary protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a specific example of a switching device provided by the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a specific example of a battery management unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a structural diagram of a sense current operational amplifier circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a structural diagram of an over-current comparison circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a specific example of a battery control unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a structural diagram of a driving circuit of two backup relays according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a composition diagram of another specific example of the battery management system according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a circuit diagram of a master differential secondary protection interface according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; the two elements may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or may be communicated with each other inside the two elements, or may be wirelessly connected or wired connected. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Examples
The embodiment of the invention provides a battery management system 1, which is applied to the technical field of batteries and comprises the following components as shown in fig. 1:
the Battery Management Unit comprises a plurality of Battery Management Units (BMUs) 11, each BMU is connected with one Battery module 2, one Battery module (MODU L E) is formed by connecting a plurality of Battery strings (for example, 36 Battery strings), one BMU and one Battery module 2 form a Battery Pack 3(Battery Pack), and the BMU is used for collecting operation state information of the Battery modules 2 and controlling the balance among the Battery strings and the balance among the Battery modules 2.
In the power supply system under the large-scale multi-battery module 2, each battery module 2 is provided with one BMU (battery management unit) which is used for acquiring the voltage, the temperature and the current of the battery module 2 in real time, so that the battery management system can timely realize the protection of overvoltage (overcharge), undervoltage (overdischarge), overtemperature, low temperature, charging overcurrent and discharging overcurrent protection, secondary redundancy protection and the like on the battery module 2, and meanwhile, the inter-string dynamic balance and the inter-module balance are realized according to the voltages of the plurality of battery modules 2.
A plurality of Battery Control units 12(Battery Control units, BCUs for short), each of which is connected to a preset number of BMUs, and one BCU and a preset number of Battery packs 3 constitute a Battery Stack 4(Battery Stack, Stack for short); the BCU is configured to control charging and discharging of the corresponding battery module 2 according to the operating state information of the battery module 2.
The battery management system provided by the embodiment of the invention is a building block type battery management system, one battery pack 3 is used as the bottom layer of the building block type battery management system, a plurality of BCUs are configured on the upper layer of the battery pack 3, each BCU is connected with a preset number of BMUs and is used for controlling the coordinated operation of the BCUs and acquiring the battery voltage, temperature, current, residual electric quantity data and the like of each battery pack 3 in real time, so that the overcharge, overdischarge, overheat, low temperature, charge overcurrent and discharge overcurrent protection of all the battery packs 3 as a whole and the redundancy protection implemented by a secondary differential output interface transmitted by the battery pack 3 are realized, and meanwhile, the algorithm processing of BMU power activation, black start, inter-module balance, maximum charge allowable current and maximum discharge allowable current is realized, and the CAN communication with a converter is realized. One cell stack 4 can be used individually for a household-type converter, wherein the converter protects rectifiers, inverters, buck/boost converters, etc.
The multiple BCUs include a Battery Centralized Control Unit 13(Battery Centralized Control Unit, abbreviated as BCCU) directly connected to the inverter, the Battery Centralized Control Unit being any designated Battery Control Unit; the BCCU is used for acquiring the operation state information of a plurality of battery packs 3 under the control of the BCCU and other battery stacks 4 and sending the operation state information to the converter.
In order to facilitate centralized management of a plurality of BCUs, in the embodiment of the present invention, one of the BCUs is designated as the BCCU through setting of a dial switch built in the BCU, and the BCCU can directly communicate with the converter, and can set the number of the managed battery stacks 4.
The BCCU and the BCU main control board are completely consistent in setting, but the BCCU undertakes the BCU function of the PACK managed by the BCCU, and the software processing is additionally provided with an additional reading subsidiary STACK and a centralized processing function module. The added function module is responsible for collecting other STACK data, comprehensively processing information of all BCUs, uniformly collecting and reporting to the converter, the level of a protocol processing layer is higher than that of the BCUs, although the same CAN interface is adopted, a data identification ID of communication between the BCCU and the converter is different from that of communication between the BCCU and the BCUs in the protocol layer, and the communication protocol of the function module is based on CAN support of multi-master communication. In addition, the BCCU with the dialing STACK number set to 1 does not police other BCUs.
The battery management system provided by the invention utilizes the battery management units to control and manage the balance among battery strings and modules, and the battery control units control and manage the preset number of battery management units, and one battery control unit is selected from a plurality of battery control units as a battery centralized control unit, and the centralized control unit is used for acquiring the running state information of a plurality of battery modules and other battery stacks managed by the centralized control unit and controlling the charging and discharging of batteries, thereby establishing a building block type battery management system, avoiding the need for a third-level hardware resource centralized management battery control unit, and improving the running reliability, applicability and flexibility of the system.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the battery management system further includes: and each BMU and the BCU is provided with a secondary protection circuit for sending a fault signal to the BCU or the BCCU when the battery management system has a fault.
In the embodiment of the invention, each BMU, BCU and BCCU is provided with a secondary protection circuit, and the secondary protection is a set of all protection logics, namely battery overvoltage, battery undervoltage, battery overtemperature, battery undertemperature, battery charging overcurrent, battery discharging overcurrent, battery short circuit, battery voltage sensor fault, current sensor fault, temperature sensor fault, insulation fault, RS-485 communication fault in the battery, battery CAN communication fault, relay fault, various faults of a circuit board, single chip microcomputer dead-time fault and the like, so that fault signals CAN be transmitted to each BCU or BCCU through an anti-interference secondary differential circuit and an interface circuit thereof which are arranged in a battery management system, a battery pack 3 and a battery pack 4, and a switching device group CAN be cut off at the same time.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the battery management system further includes: and each switching device is connected with one BCU and is used for disconnecting the two backup relays in a fault state. In the embodiment of the invention, the switch device is a relay group (other protection devices can be arranged according to requirements), and the relay group mainly comprises a quantity backup relay, an idle switch and the like.
In a specific embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the BMU includes:
the detection current operational amplifier circuit 111 includes a charging detection current operational amplifier circuit and a discharging detection current operational amplifier circuit, and is configured to detect and amplify the charging current and the discharging current. The charging detection current operational amplifier circuit and the discharging detection current operational amplifier circuit can be integrated on a circuit structure, and each circuit adopts a chip and an operational amplifier and is matched with a corresponding auxiliary circuit to realize the functions of detecting and amplifying the charging current and amplifying the power supply.
The over-current comparison circuit 112 includes a charging current comparison circuit and a discharging current comparison circuit, and is used for comparing the charging current and the discharging current with their corresponding comparison thresholds. The charging current comparison circuit and the discharging current comparison circuit can adopt the same circuit structure, the charging current or the discharging current is input into the input end of the same circuit structure, and then two operational amplifiers are respectively adopted to form a comparator for comparing and judging with the corresponding comparison threshold value. Of course, the structures of the two comparison circuits in the embodiment of the present invention may also be different, and comparison circuits in the prior art may also be used.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, fig. 5 shows a detection CURRENT operational amplifier circuit 111, in which two operational amplifiers U29-a and U29-B and their peripheral circuits form a charge/discharge CURRENT amplifier with opposite positive and negative directions, R197 is a precision resistor of 200 micro ohms, a double diode D35 is used to prevent the operational amplifier from being damaged when a battery is short-circuited, and output terminals CURRENT _ DIS and CURRENT _ CHG are connected to analog inputs of a single chip microcomputer (MCU for short).
In the embodiment of the present invention, fig. 6 shows an overcurrent comparing circuit 112, in which two operational amplifiers U15_ B and U15_ a and their peripheral circuits form a charging overcurrent comparing and determining circuit, two operational amplifiers U15_ D and U15_ C and their peripheral circuits form a discharging overcurrent comparing and determining circuit, and diodes D13 and D16 are respectively used to latch the state when the current is reset to zero after the overcurrent protection is turned on, and when the input terminal wake signal is at high level, MOS transistors Q14 and Q51 are turned on to release the state latch. In order to prevent the overcurrent secondary comparison circuit from being disabled when the slave control MCU is in a high level once a dead halt occurs, a capacitor C151 is provided. When the software processes the unlocking signal, WARK is set to be high level, and reset to be low level after 100 milliseconds of delay.
The temperature monitoring circuit 113 includes an over-temperature detection circuit and a low-temperature detection circuit, and is configured to collect the operating temperature of the battery module 2 at a temperature sampling point.
A piece of BQ76P L536A samples 6 CE LL voltages and 6 CE LL total voltages, and reports the voltage sensor fault after the difference between the sum of the sampled 6 CE LL voltages and the sampled 6 CE LL total voltages exceeds a set deviation threshold value for a certain time.
The system comprises a BMU, a plurality of battery management chip cascades, a circuit 116 composed of a plurality of battery management chip cascades based on 6 cascade BQ76P L365A is arranged in each BMU, a 6 cascade BQ76P L365A chip is divided into 3 secondary over-temperature detection circuits for forward comparison and 3 secondary low-temperature detection circuits for reverse comparison, the 6 chip adopts 12 thermistors to sample the temperature of 6 temperature points, each temperature sampling point is distributed with a thermistor with a secondary over-temperature function and a thermistor with a secondary low-temperature function, when the difference of the temperature sampling values of the two thermistors at the same temperature point exceeds a set deviation threshold value for a certain time, the system sends out a temperature sensor fault signal.
The equalizing circuit 114 includes an inter-string equalizing circuit and an inter-module equalizing circuit, and is configured to control the equalizing switch tube of the battery string or the battery module 2 with a voltage higher than the comparison threshold to be turned on when the voltage difference between the battery strings or the battery modules 2 exceeds the corresponding comparison threshold.
The inter-string equalization circuit is used for controlling the corresponding battery string higher than a threshold value to open an equalization MOS tube through a command sent by a BQ76 35536A in the BMU when the single chip microcomputer in the BMU detects that the voltage difference between the battery strings is larger than a set inter-string voltage difference threshold value, and the discharge consumes a part of voltage higher than the discharge consumption.
The inter-module balancing circuit detects that the voltage difference between the battery packs 3 is larger than a set inter-module voltage difference threshold value through the BCU and the BCCU, the BCU and the BCCU send commands to a single chip microcomputer of the BMU, the battery packs 3 which are higher than the threshold value are controlled to open the balancing MOS tubes, and the discharging consumes higher voltage.
In a specific embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the BMU further includes:
and the slave power control circuit 115 is connected with the battery module 2 and is used for converting the voltage of the battery module 2 into a power supply voltage and providing electric energy for the BMU.
In the embodiment of the invention, the slave control power supply circuit 115 can be a DC/DC voltage reduction power supply circuit, the voltage of a battery pack 3 is externally connected, the voltage range is 65V-130V, the voltage is reduced to direct current 5V through a DC/DC power supply module, the voltage is linearly reduced to 3.3V by a low-voltage-difference linear voltage regulator (L ow drop out regulator, L DO for short), and then the power is respectively supplied to a single chip microcomputer, a current operational amplifier circuit and a current overcurrent secondary hardware comparison circuit, and a data communication circuit which is based on an isolation RS-485 chip and is communicated with a BCU or a BCCU and one side of a differential secondary protection interface based on the isolation RS-485 chip are supplied with power.
And a circuit 116 formed by cascading a plurality of battery management chips is connected with the slave control single chip microcomputer 117 and is used for acquiring the running state information of the battery module 2 and configuring a running state comparison threshold value of the battery module 2.
In the embodiment of the invention, the circuit 116 composed of a plurality of battery management chip cascades is a circuit composed of a plurality of battery management chip cascades based on 6 cascaded BQ76P L536A, functions of battery voltage acquisition, temperature acquisition, inter-string dynamic balance, overvoltage/undervoltage and overtemperature secondary protection and the like are configured in the chips, the single chip is communicated with the single chip by adopting an SPI communication mode, the single chip is controlled to acquire running state data of a battery module 2 connected with the single chip, and various comparison thresholds such as an analog voltage comparison threshold of a voltage point of charging overvoltage and discharging undervoltage, an analog voltage comparison threshold of a temperature point of overtemperature and undertemperature and the like can be configured, so that high-level hardware protection logic is externally output by implementing 536FU L T and 536A L ERT under the conditions of the single chip dead halt, A/D sampling faults of the BQ76P L536A chips and the like.
And the slave control single chip microcomputer 117 is respectively connected with the detection current operational amplifier circuit 111, the temperature monitoring circuit 113 and the BCU, and is used for acquiring running state information of the battery module 2, sending the running state information to the BCU, and controlling inter-string balance and inter-module balance.
The slave control single chip microcomputer 117 communicates with BQ76P L A in an SPI mode, samples the output of a charging and discharging current operational amplifier circuit through 8A/D sampling ports of the slave control single chip microcomputer, samples a temperature monitoring circuit 113 consisting of six thermistors, realizes RS-485 communication and program upgrading through a UART port and a master control, realizes logic or later of various protection signals through a differential secondary protection interface circuit consisting of an RS-485 chip, realizes the relay cut-off protection of the slave control to the master control through anti-interference differential transmission, realizes string equalization through controlling an equalizing MOS tube through the BQ76P L A, and realizes module equalization through the equalizing MOS tube among output control modules.
In a specific embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the BMU further includes:
and the slave control data communication interface circuit 118 is connected with the BCU and is used for realizing data information transmission between the BMU and the BCU. And the slave control differential secondary protection interface circuit 119 is connected with the secondary protection circuit and used for sending the fault signal to the single chip microcomputer and sending the fault signal to other battery management units and the battery control unit to implement secondary protection. In the embodiment of the invention, when the BCU in the failed cell stack set detects the failure, a failure signal is sent to the single chip microcomputer of the BCU and other BCUs and BMUs which do not fail, so that secondary protection is implemented, and a master control charging and discharging loop is cut off.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, the BCU includes:
and the main control power supply circuit 121 is connected with the battery stack 4 and used for converting the voltage of the battery stack 4 into a power supply voltage and providing electric energy for the BCU.
In the embodiment of the invention, the master control power supply circuit 121 CAN be an isolating switch power supply circuit, an external battery stack collects 4 voltages, the voltage range is 130V-650V, three groups of common ground power supplies of +12V, +5V and 3.3V (3.3V and +5V are in the same group and are converted and output from the battery module 2 through an isolating switch power supply, the voltage is reduced to 3.3V from L DO, the three groups of common ground power supplies of 5V and 5V are isolated from the battery module 2 and are isolated from the three groups of common ground power supplies, the +12V power supply is used for starting power supply of a relay drive and a pre-charging circuit drive, the +5V and-5V power supplies are used for supplying power for insulation measurement operational amplification, the +5V power supply is also used for supplying power for a drive and a signal relay which is started to be closed, the 3.3V power supply is used for supplying power for a single chip microcomputer, a CAN controller and a drive interface circuit, a master control data communication interface, a USB master controller, a master control differential protection interface and a secondary protection interface of an isolating switch, a master control data communication interface, a USB master control circuit and a secondary.
And the slave control board power supply activation circuit 122 is connected with the BMU and is used for activating and waking up the BMU which is in a dormant state or automatically stops the power supply of the BMU.
Two groups of dial switch circuits 123 for setting the number of the series-connected battery packs 3, designating one BCU as a BCCU, setting the number of the parallel STACKs, and ID numbers of other BCUs not designated as a BCCU; and is used to determine whether to perform the black start mode when the system is completely powered off.
In a specific embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, the BCU further includes: two backup relays and their driving circuits 124, a secondary protection release circuit 125 and an insulation detection circuit 126.
The two backup relays and the driving circuits 124 thereof shown in fig. 3 and 8 respectively include a main control charging and discharging relay, a backup relay and a driving circuit thereof, and are used for performing secondary protection or releasing the secondary protection on the BMU and the BCU by opening or closing the two backup relays.
The driving circuit of the relay in fig. 8 (the driving circuit of the backup relay is consistent with the schematic diagram, the control signal of the backup relay is CHG _ DIS _ AB L E2, the detection signal is CHG _ DIS _ I2), the main control MCU is provided with a charge-discharge enable input terminal CHG _ DIS _ AB L E1, an interface J19 is connected to the coil of the relay, and an interface J18 is connected to the auxiliary contact of the relay, when the enable input terminal CHG _ DIS _ AB L E1 is at a high level, the MOS transistors Q30 are controlled to be on, when the input terminal K2_ P _5V is at a low level, the MOS transistors Q34 are controlled to be on, when the auxiliary contact of the relay is off, and when K2_ P _12V is at a low level, the MOS transistors Q28 and Q33 are controlled to be on, at this time, the coil of the relay is started and closed because of a pull-in voltage, after the auxiliary contact is closed, the MOS transistors Q59623 are controlled to be off, the MOS transistors Q34 are kept to be on, the relay is kept to be in a closed state, and the main control relay outputs a logical signal to be sent to the BCU _ DIS _ cu.
The relay of each BCU and the relay of the BCCU in the whole BCCU jurisdiction send control commands at the BCCU, so that the input ends CHG _ DIS _ AB L E1 and CHG _ DIS _ AB L E2 are all set to be at high level, all relays in the whole system including the backup relay are closed at the same time, when the protection or secondary protection disconnection commands occur, the relays are also simultaneously disconnected through the secondary protection control, and the synchronization control ensures synchronization through hardware linkage control.
The secondary protection release circuit 125 is used to close the two backup relays to release the secondary protection when the battery module 2 is under-voltage.
The secondary protection disabling is that if and only if the battery is under-voltage protection, the relay is started to close through the secondary protection disabling, if the battery is not charged within the specified time, the secondary protection disabling is closed through software, and the relay is recovered to be cut off.
Fig. 9 is a block diagram of a battery management system, in fig. 3, there are RS-485 communication signals A, B lines and secondary differential protection signals N-, P + in the horizontal direction, and there are CAN communication signals CANH and CAN L and secondary differential protection signals N-, P + in the vertical direction, and N-, P + of all BMUs and BCUs are all connected together, and RS-485 communication does not cross over master control, CAN communication does not go through slave control, and only secondary differential protection is through to the horizontal side, the vertical side, and the bottom all lines.
The insulation detection circuit 126 is used to measure the insulation resistance. An insulation circuit is arranged in a battery module connected behind a battery management system, so that in order to avoid the battery management system provided by the embodiment of the invention from faults caused by the faults of the insulation circuit, an insulation detection circuit is arranged, whether the insulation circuit has faults or not is judged by measuring the resistance value of an insulation resistor in real time, and when the insulation circuit has the faults, a connection relay is cut off in time, and a fault point is isolated.
In a specific embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, the BCU further includes:
the CAN controller and its drive interface circuit 127 for communicating with the converter and the CAN of the other cell stack 4. And the USB host controller 1211 is configured to upgrade the program of the battery management system through the upgrade file transmitted by the USB disk.
And the main control single chip microcomputer 128 is used for being matched with the CAN controller, the insulation detection circuit 126, the secondary protection removing circuit 125, the two backup relays and the slave control board power supply activation circuit 122 to realize CAN communication with the converter and other battery stacks 4, detect insulation resistance, remove secondary protection, control the on-off state of the relays and activate a BMU power supply.
And a master control data communication interface 129 connected with the BMU and used for realizing data communication between the BMU and the BCU. In the embodiment of the invention, the main control data communication interface 129 is a data communication interface based on RS-485.
As shown in fig. 10, the master differential secondary protection interface circuit 1210 is connected to the secondary protection circuit, and is configured to send a fault signal to the single chip, and control the relay group to simultaneously switch off the master charging/discharging loop relay when a fault occurs. In this embodiment, the system further includes a slave differential secondary protection interface circuit, a circuit structure of the slave differential secondary protection interface circuit is similar to that of the master differential secondary protection interface circuit, and this embodiment is described by taking the master differential secondary protection interface circuit as an example only.
In fig. 10, the main control MCU resets CHG _ DIS _ AB L E1 or CHG _ DIS _ AB L E1 to a low level, the emitter of the optocoupler isolation U9 outputs a high level, the transmission enable of the connection U13 generates a differential N-high P + low protection signal for main control, the data receiving end of U13 receives differential protection signals from all BMUs and other BCUs, and the differential protection signals generated by the main control itself are converted into TT L level signals, and then are isolated by the optocoupler U8 to generate a secondary protection control signal of K2, which participates in the control logic of the relay.
Like the BMU, if the BCU issues a protection signal but K2 is low, a secondary protection hardware circuit fault may be detected. In addition, whether the BMU is managed by one BCU, or a plurality of BCUs managed by the BCCU and BMUs managed below the BCCU, or the BCCU, the secondary differential control signals generated by all the units are connected together, and all the protection logics form a logical OR relationship.
The embodiment also provides current limiting for the maximum charging current and the maximum discharging current of the BCU and the BCCU, the energy storage battery system is matched with the converter by setting the maximum charging current and the maximum discharging current to adjust the size of the working current upper limit value of the battery, when the working condition of the battery is close to and tends to be overcharged, overdischarged, over-temperature, low-temperature and excessively low or excessively high, software protection is realized by changing the maximum charging current value or the maximum discharging current value and when the maximum charging current is reduced to zero or the maximum discharging current is reduced to zero instead of protection achieved by cutting off the relay.
1) When the maximum battery module voltage is less than or equal to the charging current limit voltage threshold value U1, the maximum charging voltage current limit value is equal to IMC _ MAX, when the maximum battery module voltage is greater than or equal to the charging current limit voltage threshold value U2, the maximum charging voltage current limit value is equal to 0A, when the maximum battery module voltage is between the charging current limit voltage threshold value U1 and the charging current limit voltage threshold value U2, the maximum charging voltage current limit value is equal to the difference between the charging current limit voltage threshold value U2 and the maximum battery module voltage, then the difference is divided by the difference between the charging current limit voltage threshold value U2 and the charging current limit voltage threshold value U1, and then the result is multiplied by IMC _ MAX.
2) When the maximum SOC in the PACK is less than or equal to the charging current limiting SOC threshold value, the maximum charging SOC current limiting value is equal to IMC _ MAX, when the maximum SOC in the PACK is equal to the charging current limiting 100, the maximum charging SOC current limiting value is equal to 0A, when the maximum SOC in the PACK is between the charging current limiting SOC threshold value and 100, the maximum charging SOC current limiting value is equal to the difference between 100 and the maximum SOC in the PACK, the difference is divided by the difference between 100 and the charging current limiting SOC threshold value, and then the difference is multiplied by IMC _ MAX.
3) When the maximum battery module temperature is less than or equal to the charging current-limiting high-temperature threshold value U1, the maximum charging high-temperature current-limiting value is equal to IMC _ MAX, when the maximum battery module temperature is greater than or equal to the charging current-limiting high-temperature threshold value U2, the maximum charging high-temperature current-limiting value is equal to 0A, when the maximum battery module temperature is between the charging current-limiting high-temperature threshold value U1 and the charging current-limiting high-temperature threshold value U2, the maximum charging high-temperature current-limiting value is equal to the difference between the charging current-limiting high-temperature threshold value U2 and the maximum CE LL temperature, the difference is divided by the difference between the charging current-limiting high-temperature threshold.
4) When the minimum battery module temperature is greater than or equal to the maximum charging low-temperature current limit threshold value U1, the maximum charging low-temperature current limit value is equal to IMC _ MAX, when the minimum battery module temperature is less than or equal to the charging current limit low-temperature threshold value U2, the maximum charging low-temperature current limit value is equal to 0A, when the minimum CE LL temperature is between the charging current limit low-temperature threshold value U1 and the charging current limit low-temperature threshold value U2, the maximum charging low-temperature current limit value is equal to the difference between the minimum CE LL temperature and the charging current limit low-temperature threshold value U2, the difference is divided by the difference between the charging current limit high-temperature threshold value U1 and the charging current limit high-temperature.
5) And selecting the minimum value of the maximum charging voltage current limit value, the maximum charging SOC current limit value, the maximum charging high-temperature current limit value and the maximum charging low-temperature current limit value as the maximum charging current of the BCU.
6) When the maximum battery module temperature is less than or equal to the discharge current limit high temperature threshold U1, the maximum discharge high temperature current limit value is equal to IMD _ MAX, when the maximum battery module temperature is greater than or equal to the discharge current limit high temperature threshold U2, the maximum discharge high temperature current limit value is equal to 0A, when the maximum battery module temperature is between the discharge current limit high temperature threshold U1 and the discharge current limit high temperature threshold U2, the maximum discharge high temperature current limit value is equal to the difference between the discharge current limit high temperature threshold U2 and the maximum CE LL temperature, then divided by the difference between the discharge current limit high temperature threshold U2 and the discharge current limit high temperature threshold U1, and then multiplied by IMD _ MAX.
7) When the minimum battery module temperature is greater than or equal to the maximum discharged low temperature current limit threshold U1, the maximum discharged low temperature current limit value is equal to IMD _ MAX, when the minimum battery module temperature is less than or equal to the discharged current limit low temperature threshold U2, the maximum discharged low temperature current limit value is equal to 0A, when the minimum CE LL temperature is between the discharged current limit low temperature threshold U1 and the discharged current limit low temperature threshold U2, the maximum discharged low temperature current limit value is equal to the difference between the minimum battery module temperature and the discharged current limit low temperature threshold U2, divided by the difference between the discharged current limit high temperature threshold U1 and the current limit high temperature threshold U2, and multiplied by IMD _ MAX.
8) When the minimum battery module voltage is greater than or equal to the discharge current limit voltage threshold U1, the maximum discharge voltage current limit value is equal to IMD _ MAX, when the minimum battery module voltage is less than or equal to the discharge current limit voltage threshold U2, the maximum discharge voltage current limit value is equal to 0A, when the minimum battery module voltage is between the discharge current limit voltage threshold U1 and the discharge current limit voltage threshold U2, the maximum discharge voltage current limit value is equal to the difference between the maximum battery module voltage and the charge current limit voltage threshold U2, divided by the difference between the discharge current limit voltage threshold U1 and the discharge current limit voltage threshold U2, and multiplied by IMD _ MAX.
9) When the minimum SOC in the PACK is more than or equal to a discharging current limiting SOC threshold value U1, the maximum discharging SOC current limiting value is equal to IMD _ MAX, when the minimum SOC in the PACK is less than or equal to a discharging current limiting SOC threshold value U2, the maximum discharging SOC current limiting value is equal to 0A, when the minimum SOC in the PACK is between a discharging current limiting SOC threshold value U1 and a discharging current limiting SOC threshold value U2, the maximum discharging SOC current limiting value is equal to the difference between the minimum SOC in the PACK and the discharging current limiting SOC threshold value U2, the difference is divided by the difference between the discharging current limiting SOC threshold value U1 and the discharging current limiting SOC threshold value U2, and then the difference is multiplied by IMD _ MAX.
10) And selecting the minimum value of the maximum discharge voltage current limit value, the maximum discharge SOC current limit value, the maximum discharge high-temperature current limit value and the maximum discharge low-temperature current limit value as the maximum discharge current of the BCU.
11) The maximum charging current BCU of the BCCU is multiplied by the number of the parallel STACKs and then multiplied by 0.8, the algorithm processing of the maximum discharging current and the maximum discharging current of the BCCU is that the maximum discharging current is multiplied by the number of the parallel STACKs and then multiplied by 0.8, wherein 0.8 is a redundancy discount coefficient which is enough for the current difference between the parallel STACKs, because the currents of the STACKs are inconsistent in the parallel STACKs, if the redundancy discount coefficient does not exist, the actual STACK current can exceed the maximum charging current or the maximum discharging current set by the STACK current.
The battery management system provided by the invention utilizes the battery management unit to control and manage the charging and discharging of the battery modules, and the battery control unit controls and manages the preset number of battery management units, and in a plurality of battery control units, one battery control unit is selected as a battery centralized control unit which is used for acquiring the running state information of a plurality of battery modules and other battery stacks managed by the centralized control unit, so that a building block type battery management system is established, a third-level hardware resource centralized management battery control unit is not needed any more, and the running reliability, applicability and flexibility of the system are improved; the system further ensures safe and reliable operation by setting secondary protection, overcharge/discharge protection, over-temperature/low-temperature protection, charge overcurrent/discharge overcurrent protection, self-checking fault protection, communication fault protection, CAN communication fault protection, current sensor fault protection, voltage sensor fault protection, temperature sensor fault protection, relay fault protection, air switch trip fault protection, insulation fault protection and the like which are transversely led to the edge and longitudinally led to the bottom; through the arrangement of the equalization circuit, inter-string equalization and inter-module equalization are achieved according to the running states of the battery strings and the battery modules.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications of the invention may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A battery management system, comprising:
the battery management unit is connected with one battery module, one battery module comprises a plurality of battery strings, and one battery management unit and one battery module form one battery pack; the battery management unit is used for acquiring running state information of the battery modules and controlling the balance among the battery strings and the balance among the battery modules;
the battery management system comprises a plurality of battery control units, a plurality of battery management units and a battery management unit, wherein each battery control unit is connected with a preset number of battery management units, and one battery control unit and a preset number of battery packs form a battery stack; the battery control unit is used for controlling the charging and discharging of the corresponding battery module according to the running state information of the battery module;
the plurality of battery control units comprise a battery centralized control unit which is directly connected with the converter, and the battery centralized control unit is any appointed battery control unit; the battery centralized control unit is used for acquiring the running state information of a plurality of battery packs managed by the battery centralized control unit and other battery stacks and sending the running state information to the converter.
2. The battery management system of claim 1, further comprising:
each battery management unit and each battery control unit are provided with a secondary protection circuit which is used for sending a fault signal to the battery control unit when the battery management system fails;
and each switching device is connected with one battery control unit and is used for disconnecting the two backup relays in a fault state.
3. The battery management system of claim 1, wherein the battery management unit comprises:
the detection current operational amplifier circuit comprises a charging detection current operational amplifier circuit and a discharging detection current operational amplifier circuit, and is used for detecting and amplifying the charging current and the discharging current;
the overcurrent comparison circuit comprises a charging current comparison circuit and a discharging current comparison circuit and is used for comparing the charging current and the discharging current with corresponding comparison threshold values;
the temperature monitoring circuit comprises an over-temperature detection circuit and a low-temperature detection circuit and is used for collecting the operating temperature of the battery module at a temperature sampling point;
and the equalizing circuit comprises an inter-string equalizing circuit and an inter-module equalizing circuit and is used for controlling the equalizing switch tube of the battery pack or the battery module with the voltage higher than the comparison threshold value to be opened when the voltage difference between the battery strings or the battery modules exceeds the corresponding comparison threshold value.
4. The battery management system of claim 3, wherein the battery management unit further comprises: a slave control power circuit, a circuit formed by cascading a plurality of battery management chips and a slave control singlechip, wherein,
the slave control power supply circuit is connected with the battery module and is used for converting the voltage of the battery module into a power supply voltage and providing electric energy for the battery management unit;
the circuit formed by cascading a plurality of battery management chips is connected with the slave control single chip microcomputer and used for acquiring the running state information of the battery module and configuring a running state comparison threshold value of the battery module;
and the slave control single chip microcomputer is respectively connected with the detection current operational amplifier circuit, the temperature monitoring circuit and the battery control unit and is used for acquiring running state information of the battery module, sending the running state information to the battery control unit and controlling inter-string balance and inter-module balance.
5. The battery management system of claim 3, wherein the battery management unit further comprises:
the slave control data communication interface circuit is connected with the battery control unit and is used for realizing data information transmission between the battery management unit and the battery control unit;
and the slave control differential secondary protection interface circuit is connected with the secondary protection circuit and used for sending the fault signal to the single chip microcomputer and sending other battery management units and the battery control unit to implement secondary protection.
6. The battery management system according to claim 1, wherein the battery control unit includes:
the main control power supply circuit is connected with the battery stack and used for converting the battery stack voltage into a power supply voltage and providing electric energy for the battery control unit;
the slave control board power supply activation circuit is connected with the battery management unit and used for activating and awakening the battery management unit which is in a dormant state or automatically stops the power supply of the slave control board power supply activation circuit;
two groups of dial switch circuits are used for setting the number of the series battery packs, designating one battery control unit as a battery centralized control unit, and setting the number of the parallel battery stacks and the ID numbers of other battery control units which are not designated as the battery centralized control unit; and is used to determine whether to perform the black start mode when the system is completely powered off.
7. The battery management system of claim 6, wherein the battery control unit further comprises:
the two backup relays and the driving circuit thereof comprise a main control charging and discharging relay, a backup relay and a driving circuit thereof, and are used for carrying out secondary protection or secondary protection removal on the battery management unit and the battery control unit by opening or closing the two backup relays;
the secondary protection release circuit is used for closing the two backup relays to release secondary protection when the battery module is under voltage;
and the insulation detection circuit is used for measuring the insulation resistance.
8. The battery management system according to claim 6, wherein the battery concentration control unit further comprises:
the CAN controller and the driving interface circuit thereof are used for communicating with the converter and CAN of other battery control units;
and the master control singlechip is used for being matched with the CAN controller, the insulation detection circuit, the secondary protection removing circuit, the two backup relays and the slave control board power supply activation circuit to realize CAN communication with the converter and other battery control units, detect insulation resistance, remove secondary protection, control the on-off state of the relays and activate a battery management unit power supply.
9. The battery management system of claim 6, wherein the battery control unit further comprises:
the main control data communication interface is connected with the battery management unit and is used for realizing data communication between the battery management unit and the battery control unit;
and the master control differential secondary protection interface circuit is connected with the secondary protection circuit and used for sending a fault signal to the single chip microcomputer and controlling the relay group to simultaneously cut off the master control charge-discharge circuit relay when a fault occurs.
10. The battery management system of claim 6, wherein the battery control unit further comprises:
and the USB main controller is used for realizing program upgrading of the battery management system through the upgrading file transmitted by the USB flash disk.
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