CN110976484A - Kitchen waste treatment method - Google Patents

Abstract

The kitchen waste treatment method comprises the first step of carrying out liquid-residue separation on the kitchen waste; secondly, oil-water separation is carried out; thirdly, anaerobic fermentation or biogas purification; fourthly, extracting organic fertilizer, and using supernatant liquor for breeding the hermetia illucens; and fifthly, deodorizing the organic fertilizer, fully utilizing the kitchen waste through the steps, avoiding the waste of the kitchen waste, avoiding the blockage of a water pipe or the influence of odor on the life of people caused by the fact that the kitchen waste is directly drained into a sewage pipe, and separating water and oil stain by adopting a multi-stage separation method, which is favorable for improving the separation thoroughness.

Description

Kitchen waste treatment method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of kitchen waste treatment, in particular to a treatment method of kitchen waste.

Background

The kitchen waste accounts for the largest proportion of the whole household waste all the time and accounts for about 50 percent of the total amount of the household waste. The kitchen waste is high in water content, high in organic matter content and complex in components, so that the treatment difficulty is high. The kitchen waste is crushed by the kitchen waste treatment machine and then is discharged into the sewage pipe, which is an important treatment mode, but the kitchen waste contains a large amount of organic matters and nutrient substances, and the kitchen waste is directly discharged into the sewage pipe, so that the sewage pipe is easy to block, and a large amount of nutrient substances are lost, and the kitchen waste treatment machine is commonly adopted in countries such as Japan at present.

However, at present, the dispersed treatment of the kitchen waste by the kitchen waste treatment machine in China has more problems, including that the kitchen waste has high moisture content and is not easy to separate, so that the kitchen waste is large in size, viscous and difficult to transport. The kitchen waste treatment equipment has high installation and operation cost, odor can be generated when the kitchen waste treatment machine is used in a kitchen, and the like, so that the enthusiasm of residents for using the kitchen waste treatment machine is low.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a kitchen waste treatment method.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: firstly, separating liquid and slag of kitchen waste; secondly, oil-water separation is carried out; thirdly, anaerobic fermentation or biogas purification; fourthly, extracting organic fertilizer, and using supernatant liquor for breeding the hermetia illucens; fifthly, deodorizing the organic fertilizer.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

according to the kitchen waste treatment method, the kitchen waste is fully utilized, the waste of the kitchen waste is avoided, the influence of water pipe blockage or odor on the life of people caused by the fact that the kitchen waste is directly drained to a sewage pipe is also avoided, water and oil stain are separated by adopting a multi-stage separation method, and the separation thoroughness is favorably improved.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations and positional relationships for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus are not to be construed as limiting the present invention; in the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "disposed" are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, disposed, detachably connected, disposed, or integrally connected and disposed. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

Example (b):

firstly, separating liquid and slag of kitchen waste;

a. the kitchen waste is sprayed to the filter screen through the motor and the pipeline, the kitchen waste sprayed by the pipeline is diffused into umbrella-shaped articles in the air, so that the kitchen waste is unfolded to pass through the filter screen according to small particulate matters and moisture with different particle sizes in the kitchen waste, and large particulate matters are remained on the filter screen.

Second, oil-water separation is carried out

b. After the filtering is carried out by using a filter screen, oil drops are formed on the upper parts of the water and the small particles and are condensed and filtered, and partial oil in the kitchen waste is separated in the step.

(1) And slowly enabling the mixture of the small water drops and the small oil drops to pass through the reticulate pattern plate coated with the lipophilic substance, so that the small oil drops are condensed into large oil drops on the reticulate pattern plate to be separated from water, and filtering the oil drops to further filter the grease.

(2) Use the impurity in the filter paper further filtration water droplet, condense and collect the water droplet after the filtration, obtain the water of single composition, can send into sewage treatment device or irrigation of farmland, avoided the waste of water resource, can also make full use of aquatic contains abundant organic matter, plays certain additional action to crops.

Preferably, the mesh number of the filter screen in the step (a) is 50 meshes.

Preferably, the lipophilic substance in step (1) comprises ink, silicone rubber, asphalt, paint, paraffin.

Preferably, the pore size of the filter paper in steps (a) and (2) is smaller than that of the filter screen.

Preferably, the pore size of the filter paper in the step (4) is 3-150 microns, the particle size of water molecules is generally less than 2 microns, the particle size of grease molecules is greater than 150 microns, and the pore size of the filter paper is between the particle size of water molecules and the particle size of grease molecules, so that grease can be filtered through the water molecules.

Thirdly, anaerobic fermentation or biogas purification

(1) Collecting garbage; unloading the kitchen waste after the oil-water separation into a kitchen waste storage bin by a collecting and transporting vehicle;

(2) hanging and transferring the kitchen waste; the kitchen waste in the kitchen waste storage bin is grabbed and conveyed to the next process through a kitchen waste hydraulic grab bucket device hung on the kitchen waste.

(3) Pre-sorting; pre-sorting large sundries from the garbage grabbed by the hydraulic kitchen garbage grab;

(4) magnetic separation; selecting magnetic metal impurities from the kitchen waste through a magnetic separation device; the magnetic separation step disclosed in this embodiment can achieve the dual functions of metal recovery and preventing metal from causing subsequent process plugging.

(5) Crushing; crushing the kitchen waste into particles with the particle size less than 80mm by a large wall breaking machine;

(6) pulping and separating; pulping the kitchen waste obtained in the steps, hammering and beating the kitchen waste with a blending liquid to prepare pulp, and separating pulp from large impurities by using a screen to obtain pulp and remove large impurities;

(7) removing impurities; the slurry obtained by the pulping separation device is further conveyed to an impurity removal device, and the impurity removal device has the function of separating and removing floating impurities and sinking heavy substances, wherein the floating impurities are light impurities containing plastic films and plastic foams, and the sinking impurities are heavy impurities containing stones, gravels and small metal blocks;

(8) hydrolyzing and acidifying; sending the slurry with the light impurities and the heavy impurities separated out into a hydrolysis acidification tank through a feeding assembly for acidification and hydrolysis;

(9) anaerobic fermentation; the slurry after hydrolytic acidification is sent to an anaerobic fermentation tank for anaerobic fermentation through a pumping device;

(10) anaerobic fermentation biogas treatment; conveying biogas generated by anaerobic fermentation to a biological desulfurization device through a pipeline to remove hydrogen sulfide; conveying the methane from which the hydrogen sulfide is removed to a gas storage cabinet through a pipeline for temporary storage; the gas storage cabinet is connected with a torch in parallel, and incineration treatment of redundant biogas is carried out; the gas storage cabinet is connected in parallel with the other path and is conveyed to the methane utilization device.

The marsh gas utilization device in the step (10) comprises a marsh gas purification device for purifying marsh gas and then carrying out marsh gas power generation networking and a marsh gas purification device for purifying marsh gas to prepare CNG which is used as automobile fuel or merged into a natural gas pipe network; the embodiment makes full and environmental-friendly deep utilization of the biogas.

The step (19) is followed by a step of treating the anaerobic fermentation digestion solution; the anaerobic fermentation digestive juice treatment process comprises the following steps:

s1: adding the digestion solution after anaerobic fermentation into the pretreatment blending solution, and then sending the mixture to a dehydration device for dehydration to obtain biogas residues and biogas slurry;

s2: sending the biogas residue obtained by dehydration to an organic fertilizer device to generate an organic fertilizer; the biogas slurry obtained by dehydration is sent to a sewage treatment plant for treatment to realize standard discharge and blending liquid recycling; the embodiment makes full and environmental-friendly deep utilization of the digestive juice after anaerobic fermentation.

The storage capacity of the hydrolysis acidification tank is 3-5 days of slurry volume; the hydrolysis acidification tank is internally provided with a stirring and bottom sand scraping device, and bottom gravel is conveyed to a rotational flow sand removal and sand-water separation device at the top of the hydrolysis acidification tank through a pump to remove heavy substances of the gravel; the volume of the anaerobic fermentation tank is the slurry volume with the storage capacity of 20-30 days, and the anaerobic fermentation tank is internally provided with a stirring and bottom sand discharging device. The volume is limited by days in the embodiment, which is mainly the kitchen waste collection efficiency and the transfer efficiency of the execution site according to the technical scheme; the execution of a specific scheme can be reasonably guided; the application range is wide.

Fourthly, extracting the organic fertilizer

The method comprises the following steps:

(1) after anaerobic fermentation or biogas purification of the kitchen waste, crushing and preheating the kitchen waste, and separating inorganic substances in the kitchen waste by adopting a supercritical extraction method, wherein the rest part is the required organic fertilizer;

(2) adding distilled water with the mass ratio of 5-8 times to the organic fertilizer solid obtained in the step (1), transferring the kitchen waste containing the organic matters into a separator, and homogenizing at high speed;

(3) adding NaOH solution into the homogenate obtained in the step (2) to adjust the pH value to be 8.8-10.0, stirring and soaking for 1-2h at the temperature of 40-60 ℃, and collecting the homogenate;

(4) adding a dilute HCl solution in the step (3) to adjust the pH value of the collected solution to 4.5-5.5, so as to obtain a precipitated homogenate;

(5) and (4) centrifuging the mixture obtained in the step (4), throwing out supernatant, taking the lower-layer precipitate, homogenizing and drying to obtain the organic fertilizer. The black soldier fly is cultured in the supernatant, and the organic fertilizer is contained in the supernatant, so that the black soldier fly culture effect is better.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method has the advantages of simple and rapid extraction method, low cost, and high nutritive value of the obtained organic fertilizer, and is beneficial to industrialized production.

Fifthly, deodorizing the organic fertilizer

The prepared organic fertilizer is added with the following components in parts by weight: 12 parts of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 8 parts of magnesium sulfate, 3 parts of potassium nitrate, 1 part of sodium molybdate, 1 part of moss, 14 parts of waste wood chips, 22 parts of sodium alginate and 1 part of lemongrass essential oil.

The composite microbial inoculum is a mixture of bacillus subtilis and rhizobia, and the ratio of the inoculation amount of the bacillus subtilis to the inoculation amount of the rhizobia is 1: 2.

the method for deodorizing the organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:

step one, stirring the organic fertilizer, exposing for 3-6 days for 20min, and then putting into a ball mill to be ground to obtain organic fertilizer fine powder;

step two, mixing moss and waste wood chips, adding a compound microbial inoculum for fermenting for 10-15h at 35-38 ℃, and collecting fermentation liquor;

and step three, adding dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, potassium nitrate, sodium molybdate and sodium alginate into the fermentation liquor, mixing and stirring, and concentrating to obtain a concentrated solution with the water content of 15%.

While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes, which relate to the related art known to those skilled in the art and fall within the scope of the present invention, can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the gist of the present invention.

Many other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the specific embodiments, but only by the scope of the appended claims.

While there have been shown and described what are at present considered the fundamental principles and essential features of the invention and its advantages, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing exemplary embodiments, but is capable of other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.

Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims (8)

1. The kitchen waste treatment method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the first step of carrying out liquid-residue separation on the kitchen waste; secondly, oil-water separation is carried out; thirdly, anaerobic fermentation or biogas purification; fourthly, extracting organic fertilizer, and using supernatant liquor for breeding the hermetia illucens; fifthly, deodorizing the organic fertilizer.

2. The kitchen waste treatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the kitchen waste liquid-residue separation comprises the steps that the kitchen waste is sprayed to a filter screen through a motor and a pipeline, the kitchen waste sprayed by the pipeline is diffused into umbrella-shaped articles in the air, the kitchen waste is unfolded to pass through the filter screen according to small particles and water in the kitchen waste, and large particle objects are left on the filter screen.

3. The kitchen waste treatment method according to claim 2, characterized in that: the oil-water separation comprises the steps that after filtering is carried out by using a filter screen, oil drops are formed on the upper parts of moisture and small particles and are condensed and filtered, and partial grease in the kitchen waste is separated in the step.

4. The kitchen waste treatment method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the mixture of the small water drops and the small oil drops slowly passes through the reticulate pattern plate coated with the lipophilic substance, so that the small oil drops are condensed into large oil drops on the reticulate pattern plate to be separated from water, the oil drops are filtered, and the grease is further filtered.

5. The kitchen waste treatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that: use the impurity in the filter paper further filtration water droplet, condense and collect the water droplet after the filtration, obtain the water of single composition, can send into sewage treatment device or irrigation of farmland, avoided the waste of water resource, can also make full use of aquatic contains abundant organic matter, plays certain additional action to crops.

6. The kitchen waste treatment method according to claim 5, characterized in that: the anaerobic fermentation comprises the step of unloading the kitchen waste after the oil-water separation into a kitchen waste storage bin by a collecting and transporting vehicle; hanging and transferring the kitchen waste; the kitchen waste in the kitchen waste storage bin is grabbed and sent to the following procedures of pre-sorting, magnetic separation, crushing, pulping and separation, impurity removal, hydrolytic acidification, anaerobic fermentation and the like through a kitchen waste hydraulic grab bucket device hung by the kitchen waste.

7. The kitchen waste treatment method according to claim 6, characterized in that: after anaerobic fermentation or biogas purification is carried out on the kitchen waste, the kitchen waste is crushed and preheated, inorganic substances in the kitchen waste are separated by a supercritical extraction method, and the rest is the required organic fertilizer; adding distilled water with the mass ratio of 5-8 times into the obtained organic fertilizer solid, transferring the kitchen waste containing the organic matters into a separator, homogenizing at high speed, adjusting the pH value of the homogenate, taking the supernatant for black soldier fly culture, and precipitating and homogenizing the lower layer to obtain the organic fertilizer.

8. The kitchen waste treatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that: stirring the organic fertilizer for 0min, exposing for 3-6 days, and grinding in a ball mill to obtain organic fertilizer fine powder; mixing moss and waste wood chips, adding a composite microbial inoculum, fermenting at 35-38 ℃ for 10-15h, and collecting fermentation liquor; adding dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, potassium nitrate, sodium molybdate and sodium alginate into the fermentation liquor, mixing and stirring, and concentrating to obtain a concentrated solution with the water content of 15%.