CN110973375A - Low-fish-meal compound feed for bullfrogs and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Low-fish-meal compound feed for bullfrogs and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110973375A CN110973375A CN201911308737.9A CN201911308737A CN110973375A CN 110973375 A CN110973375 A CN 110973375A CN 201911308737 A CN201911308737 A CN 201911308737A CN 110973375 A CN110973375 A CN 110973375A
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- Prior art keywords
- meal
- bullfrog
- fish
- low
- compound feed
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- A23K20/10—Organic substances
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Abstract
The invention relates to a low fish meal bullfrog compound feed, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the low fish meal bullfrog compound feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-100 parts of fish meal; 100-190 of bean pulp; 60-90 parts of peanut meal; fermenting the soybean meal 210-250; 80-120 parts of chicken powder; strong flour 220 and 260; 30-50 parts of cottonseed protein powder; 30-50 parts of wall-broken yeast powder; 10-20 parts of fish oil; 10-20 parts of soybean oil; 10-20 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate; 2-5 parts of choline chloride; 0.1-0.3 of butyric acid glycerol powder; 0.01-0.03% of bile acid; 4-7 of lysine; 0.5-3 parts of methionine; 1-3 of multi-dimension; 5-8 portions of multi-ore. Compared with common commercial feeds in the market, the low-fish-meal bullfrog compound feed can obviously reduce the use of the feed fish meal, and has good feeding effect, low production cost and better popularization, application and development prospects.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of aquatic feeds, in particular to a low-fish-meal compound feed for bullfrogs and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) belongs to Amphina, Anophiala, Ranidae, and Rana. Bullfrog is native to North America, is introduced into China in 1959, and is rapidly developed in recent years, so that large-scale breeding is realized in Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Jiangxi and other provinces in China. At present, a large amount of fish meal is still used in domestic bullfrog feed, and with the decline of global fishery resources and the rapid development of aquaculture industry, the supply of the fish meal is insufficient and the price rises. Therefore, the development of the low-fish-meal compound feed for bullfrogs is beneficial to maintaining the sustainable development of the bullfrog breeding industry.
The fish meal is a high-quality protein source in the bullfrog feed, has balanced amino acid and strong food calling property, and has unknown growth promoting factors. At present, the adding level of fish meal in commercial feed is about 20%, and when the adding level of the fish meal in the commercial feed is less than 10%, the growth rate of bullfrogs is reduced, the feed coefficient is increased, and the bullfrogs are easy to attack. The soybean meal is used as a bulk conventional feed raw material, is high in quality, low in price and rich in nutrition, and is widely used in commercial feeds, but due to unbalanced amino acids and anti-nutritional factors of the soybean meal, if the soybean meal is used in a large amount in the feeds, the negative effects of poor growth, high morbidity and the like of bullfrogs are caused.
Patent application CN 109393224 a discloses a bullfrog feed production method, which contains 6% of fish meal, please analyze the main difference between the scheme and the present case. The mole cricket powder, the earthworm powder and the fly maggot powder used in the patent are higher than the fish meal, and do not form large-scale supply, and the egg pupa powder, the duckweed and the mulberry leaves also do not form stable large-scale supply, so the mole cricket powder, the earthworm powder and the fly maggot powder are not suitable for large-scale commercial production.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the problem that the bullfrog feed in the prior art has great dependence on fish meal, and provides the bullfrog compound feed with low fish meal, wherein the fish meal consumption can be lower than or equal to 10%, and the bullfrog compound feed has good effects on the survival rate, the weight gain rate and the feed efficiency of bullfrogs, has no significant difference (P is less than 0.05) with commercial bullfrog feed (the fish meal content is about 20%) on the survival rate, the weight gain rate and the feed efficiency, can replace the commercial bullfrog feed, and has good market prospect.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the low-fish-meal bullfrog compound feed, which comprises the steps of grinding by a meshless ultrafine grinder, refining raw materials for uniform mixing and digestion and absorption, and then tempering by a conditioner, wherein the function of the conditioner is to soften the materials and ensure uniform properties. The expanded floating pellet feed is prepared, and is characterized in that the bullfrog only eats food, and the feed floats on the water surface and can shake to cause the bullfrog to eat. Soybean oil and fish oil were added last to avoid uneven stirring.
Finally, the invention also protects the application of the low-fish-meal bullfrog compound feed for breeding bullfrogs, and the daily dosage is 2-3 wt%. 2-3 wt% of the low fish meal bullfrog compound feed is the weight percentage of the bullfrog fed with bullfrog per day.
The invention adopts the bean pulp, the peanut meal, the fermented bean pulp and the cottonseed protein powder, and amino acid complementation is carried out after matching, thereby ensuring the balance of feed amino acid, and the peanut meal has the feeding attraction effect and can improve the ingestion of bullfrogs.
The combination of the wall-broken yeast powder, the butyrin powder and the bile acid in the formula is used for improving intestinal inflammation caused by the soybean meal, improving the health of the bullfrogs and improving the ingestion rate of the bullfrogs so as to solve the adverse effect of the current soybean meal on the growth of the bullfrogs. In the breeding trials it was found that feeds containing conventional soybean meal (without fermentation) were very likely to cause intestinal problems of bullfrogs when the above combination was not added, as evidenced by: the appetite is reduced, the growth is slow, and a certain fatality rate is achieved, namely the survival rate is low, the weight gain rate is low, and the feed efficiency is low.
The invention adopts the matching of lysine and methionine, can improve the problem of amino acid imbalance caused by high vegetable protein usage, and improve the utilization rate of the feed.
Preferably, the preparation method of the fermented soybean meal comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of (1) adopting bacillus subtilis and brevibacillus meliloti in a mass ratio of 2-3: 1-2, fermenting for 45-50h at a material-water ratio of 1:0.5-0.9, and drying with hot air until the water content is lower than 15 wt% to obtain the fermented soybean meal. By the fermentation process, the degradation of the antigenic protein in the soybean meal is over 50 percent, the degradation of the cellulose is over 30 percent, and the degradation of the phytic acid is over 20 percent, so that the negative influence of anti-nutritional factors in the soybean meal on the health of bullfrogs is reduced, the utilization rate of the soybean meal is improved, and the water body pollution is reduced.
The inventor successively develops the influence of the soybean meal replacing fish meal on the bullfrog digestive tract, the soybean meal fermentation process, the research of replacing fish meal with fermented soybean meal and the intestinal health and the like, understands the mechanism of the bullfrog intestinal inflammation caused by the soybean meal, and therefore develops a scheme for improving the utilization rate of the soybean meal by fermenting the soybean meal with microorganisms, and the bacillus subtilis and the bacillus brevis can be separated from the intestinal tract of the bullfrog, which shows that the microorganisms are favorable for the digestion and absorption of the bullfrog. The Bacillus subtilis and the Brevibacillus melitensis can also adopt commercial products in the market. The inventor further screens a formula combination for improving the intestinal health and obtains the technical scheme of the invention based on the research data.
The specific scheme is as follows:
the low-fish-meal bullfrog compound feed comprises the following components in parts by weight:
further, the low-fish-meal compound feed for bullfrogs comprises the following components in parts by weight:
further, the low-fish-meal compound feed for bullfrogs comprises the following components in parts by weight:
further, the fish meal is imported fish meal;
optionally, the multivitamin contains 3g of thiamine, 9g of riboflavin, 5g of pyridoxine hydrochloride, 0.025g of vitamin B12, 1.5g of vitamin K3, 170g of inositol, 15g of pantothenic acid, 35g of nicotinic acid, 3g of folic acid, 0.34g of biotin, 7.4g of vitamin A acetate, 2.5g of vitamin D3, 24g of α -tocopherol, 120g of vitamin C polyphosphate, 34g of ethoxyquinoline, and 570.84g of wheat middling;
optionally, the multiore: each kilogram of the product contains 25g of manganese sulfate monohydrate; potassium iodide, 43 g; 50g of cobalt sulfate; copper sulfate pentahydrate, 7 g; 150g of ferrous sulfate monohydrate; 75g of zinc sulfate monohydrate; 20g of sodium selenite; zeolite powder, 630 g.
Further, the preparation method of the fermented soybean meal comprises the following steps: the method is characterized by adopting bacillus subtilis and brevibacillus meili, preferably bacillus subtilis and brevibacillus meili, and mixing the bacillus subtilis and the brevibacillus meili according to a mass ratio of 2-3: 1-2, fermenting for 45-50h at a material-water ratio of 1:0.5-0.9, and drying with hot air until the water content is lower than 15 wt% to obtain the fermented soybean meal.
Further, the preparation method of the fermented soybean meal comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of (1) adopting bacillus subtilis and brevibacillus meliloti according to a mass ratio of 2: 1, fermenting for 47-48h with a material-water ratio of 1:0.8, and then drying with hot air until the water content is lower than 15 wt% to obtain the fermented soybean meal.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the low-fish-meal bullfrog compound feed, which comprises the following steps of:
step 1: weighing the raw materials according to the weight parts, mixing the raw materials except the soybean oil, the fish oil, the lysine, the methionine, the multi-vitamin and the multi-mineral, crushing the mixture by a non-mesh ultrafine crusher, and sieving the crushed mixture to obtain a material A;
step 2: adding lysine, methionine, multi-vitamin and multi-mineral into the material A obtained in the step (1), mixing for the second time, and after mixing uniformly, feeding the mixture into a conditioner for conditioning to obtain a material B;
and step 3: adding the material B obtained in the step 2 into an extrusion puffing machine to be processed into puffed floating pellet feed, and then drying to obtain a material C;
and 4, step 4: and (3) uniformly mixing the soybean oil and the fish oil, uniformly spraying the mixture on the surface of the material C obtained in the step (3), and cooling to normal temperature to obtain the low-fish-meal bullfrog compound feed.
Further, the non-mesh ultrafine pulverizer in the step 1 is used for sieving through a 80-90-mesh sieve after being pulverized.
Further, the tempering in the step 2 is to temper the mixture at the temperature of 100 ℃ and 120 ℃ for 100 seconds and 150 seconds by saturated steam;
optionally, the drying in step 3 is drying by hot air until the moisture content is not more than 11 wt%.
The invention also protects the application of the low-fish-meal bullfrog compound feed for breeding bullfrogs.
Has the advantages that:
the low fish meal bullfrog compound feed has the fish meal consumption of less than or equal to 10 percent, can effectively reduce the dependence of products on the fish meal on the premise of ensuring the feeding effect, and reduces the production cost. The raw materials used in the invention are easy to obtain, stable in supply and low in price, and are suitable for large-scale commercial production.
Moreover, compared with commercial feed, the low-fish-meal bullfrog compound feed has no difference in the survival rate, the weight gain rate and the feed efficiency of bullfrogs, and shows that the low-fish-meal bullfrog compound feed has a better feeding effect.
Furthermore, the invention also provides a preparation method of the low-fish-meal compound feed for bullfrogs, which can further improve the utilization rate of vegetable protein in the feed and is convenient for the bullfrogs to eat.
In a word, compared with common commercial feeds in the market, the low-fish-meal compound feed for bullfrogs can obviously reduce the use of fish meal, and meanwhile, the feed has the advantages of good feeding effect, low production cost and good popularization, application and development prospects.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below. While the following describes preferred embodiments of the present invention, it should be understood that the present invention may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. The examples do not specify particular techniques or conditions, and are performed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the art or according to the product specifications. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products commercially available. In the following examples, "%" means weight percent, unless otherwise specified.
The preparation method of the fermented soybean meal in the embodiment comprises the following steps: the method adopts bacillus subtilis and brevibacillus melitensis according to the proportion of 2: 1 in a ratio of 1:0.8, fermenting for 48 hours, and then drying by hot air until the moisture is lower than 15%, thus obtaining the fermented soybean meal used in the following embodiments. The bacillus subtilis and the brevibacillus meili adopted in the embodiment are China general microbiological culture Collection center, CGMCC 1.3486 and CGMCC 1.15792.
Example 1
The preparation method of the low-fish-meal compound feed for bullfrogs comprises the following steps:
mixing the feed components (except the soybean oil, the fish oil, the lysine, the methionine, the multi-vitamin and the multi-mineral) according to a ratio in a table 1, crushing the mixture by a non-net ultrafine crusher until about 98 percent of the mixture passes through a 80-mesh sieve, adding the lysine, the methionine, the multi-vitamin and the multi-mineral into the crushed material, mixing the crushed material for the second time to ensure that the components of the material are uniform, then feeding the crushed material into a conditioner to condition the material for 100 and 150 seconds by saturated steam at the temperature of 100 and 120 ℃, processing the material into expanded floating granulated feed by an extrusion and expansion machine, drying the feed by hot air until the water content is lower than 11 percent, mixing the soybean oil and the fish oil according to the ratio, uniformly spraying the mixture on the surface of the granulated feed, and cooling the mixture to normal temperature to obtain the low.
TABLE 1 Scale for raw materials (parts by weight)
| Components | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 | Example 5 | Example 6 | Example 7 |
| Imported fish meal | 100 | 80 | 70 | 60 | 50 | 90 | 58 |
| Bean pulp | 190 | 130 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 170 | 120 |
| Peanut meal | 60 | 70 | 80 | 90 | 80 | 65 | 85 |
| Fermented soybean meal | 215 | 230 | 233 | 235 | 250 | 210 | 240 |
| Chicken powder | 80 | 90 | 100 | 110 | 120 | 85 | 115 |
| High gluten flour | 239.785 | 256.785 | 256.784 | 234.73 | 226.68 | 245.87 | 227.34 |
| Cottonseed protein powder | 30 | 40 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 36 | 48 |
| Wall-broken yeast powder | 30 | 40 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 36 | 45 |
| Fish oil | 10 | 10 | 12 | 13 | 15 | 20 | 18 |
| Soybean oil | 15 | 15 | 13 | 17 | 15 | 10 | 12 |
| Calcium dihydrogen phosphate | 15 | 20 | 17 | 20 | 20 | 10 | 13 |
| Choline chloride | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3.5 | 3 | 5 | 4.5 |
| Butyric acid glycerol powder | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.25 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.15 |
| Bile acid | 0.015 | 0.015 | 0.016 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.01 |
| Lysine | 4 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 5.5 | 6 |
| Methionine | 0.5 | 1 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 3 | 1 |
| Multi-dimensional | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 |
| Multiple ores | 5 | 6 | 6.5 | 7 | 8 | 7.5 | 5 |
| Total up to | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 |
Example 2
The amounts of the raw materials are shown in Table 1, and the preparation method is the same as that of example 1.
Example 3
The amounts of the raw materials are shown in Table 1, and the preparation method is the same as that of example 1.
Example 4
The amounts of the raw materials are shown in Table 1, and the preparation method is the same as that of example 1.
Example 5
The amounts of the raw materials are shown in Table 1, and the preparation method is the same as that of example 1.
Example 6
The amounts of the raw materials are shown in Table 1, and the preparation method is the same as that of example 1.
Example 7
The amounts of the raw materials are shown in Table 1, and the preparation method is the same as that of example 1.
Example 8
Effect verification test: the low fish meal bullfrog feed obtained in the application example (the feed 1 of the invention is prepared in the example 1, and the feed 2 of the invention is prepared in the example 2) and commercial feed (the fish meal content is about 20%) are subjected to breeding comparison tests, the feed is fed according to the feed weight accounting for 2.5 wt% of the weight of the bullfrog every day, and the results are shown in the table 2 after 8 weeks of tests.
TABLE 2 bullfrog culture contrast test result table
| Kind of feed | Survival rate (%) | Weight gain (%) | Efficiency of feed |
| Commercial feed | 97.1 | 179.4 | 1.04 |
| Feed 1 of the invention | 100 | 167.4 | 1.10 |
| Feed 2 of the invention | 96.2 | 174.1 | 1.02 |
As can be seen from Table 2, the survival rate, weight gain rate and feed efficiency of the bullfrog cultured by the low-fish-meal bullfrog feed obtained in the embodiment of the invention are not significantly different (P >0.05) compared with the commercial feed group.
The experimental results prove that: compared with common commercial feed in the market, the scheme of the invention can obviously reduce the use of feed fish meal and has better feeding effect.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, however, the present invention is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications may be made to the technical solution of the present invention within the technical idea of the present invention, and these simple modifications are within the protective scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the various features described in the above embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner without departing from the scope of the invention. The invention is not described in detail in order to avoid unnecessary repetition.
In addition, any combination of the various embodiments of the present invention is also possible, and the same should be considered as the disclosure of the present invention as long as it does not depart from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A low fish meal bullfrog compound feed is characterized in that: the low-fish-meal bullfrog compound feed comprises the following components in parts by weight:
2. the low fish meal bullfrog compound feed of claim 1, wherein: the low-fish-meal bullfrog compound feed comprises the following components in parts by weight:
3. the low fish meal bullfrog compound feed of claim 1, wherein: the low-fish-meal bullfrog compound feed comprises the following components in parts by weight:
4. a low fish meal bullfrog compound feed according to any of claims 1-3 characterized in that: the fish meal is imported fish meal;
optionally, each kilogram of the multivitamins contains 3g of thiamine, 9g of riboflavin, 5g of pyridoxine hydrochloride, 0.025g of vitamin B12, 1.5g of vitamin K3, 170g of inositol, 15g of pantothenic acid, 35g of nicotinic acid, 3g of folic acid, 0.34g of biotin, 7.4g of vitamin A acetate, 2.5g of vitamin D3, α -tocopherol, 24g of vitamin C polyphosphate, 120g of ethoxyquinoline, 34g of shorts, 570.84g of vitamin A acetate, and optionally the multivitamins contain 25g of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 43g of potassium iodide, 50g of cobalt sulfate, 7g of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 150g of ferrous sulfate monohydrate, 75g of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 20g of sodium selenite, and 630g of zeolite.
5. A low fish meal bullfrog compound feed according to any of claims 1-3 characterized in that: the preparation method of the fermented soybean meal comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of (1) adopting bacillus subtilis and brevibacillus meliloti in a mass ratio of 2-3: 1-2, fermenting for 45-50h at a material-water ratio of 1:0.5-0.9, and drying with hot air until the water content is lower than 15 wt% to obtain the fermented soybean meal.
6. The low fish meal bullfrog compound feed of claim 5, wherein: the preparation method of the fermented soybean meal comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of (1) adopting bacillus subtilis and brevibacillus meliloti according to a mass ratio of 2: 1, fermenting for 47-48h with a material-water ratio of 1:0.8, and then drying with hot air until the water content is lower than 15 wt% to obtain the fermented soybean meal.
7. A method for preparing a low fish meal bullfrog compound feed as claimed in any one of claims 1-6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: weighing the raw materials according to the weight parts, mixing the raw materials except the soybean oil, the fish oil, the lysine, the methionine, the multi-vitamin and the multi-mineral, crushing the mixture by a non-mesh ultrafine crusher, and sieving the crushed mixture to obtain a material A;
step 2: adding lysine, methionine, multi-vitamin and multi-mineral into the material A obtained in the step (1), mixing for the second time, and after mixing uniformly, feeding the mixture into a conditioner for conditioning to obtain a material B;
and step 3: adding the material B obtained in the step 2 into an extrusion puffing machine to be processed into puffed floating pellet feed, and then drying to obtain a material C;
and 4, step 4: and (3) uniformly mixing the soybean oil and the fish oil, uniformly spraying the mixture on the surface of the material C obtained in the step (3), and cooling to normal temperature to obtain the low-fish-meal bullfrog compound feed.
8. The method for preparing a low fish meal compound feed for bullfrogs according to claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (3) crushing the mixture by a meshless ultrafine crusher in the step (1) and then sieving the mixture by a sieve of 80-90 meshes.
9. The method for preparing a low fish meal compound feed for bullfrogs according to claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the tempering in the step 2 is to temper the mixture at the temperature of 100 ℃ and 120 ℃ for 100 seconds and 150 seconds by saturated steam;
optionally, the drying in step 3 is drying by hot air until the moisture content is not more than 11 wt%.
10. Use of a low fish meal bullfrog compound feed according to any of claims 1-6, characterized in that: is used for breeding bullfrogs.
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Application publication date: 20200410 |