CN110972871A - Novel method for evaluating survival competitive capacity of transgenic cotton wasteland in extreme arid region - Google Patents
Novel method for evaluating survival competitive capacity of transgenic cotton wasteland in extreme arid region Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a novel method for evaluating the survival competitive capacity of transgenic cotton wastelands in an extreme arid region, which comprises the following steps: step 1, sowing transgenic cotton and conventional cotton in a place with dense weeds in the last year on a wasteland when the temperature is proper in spring, and allowing the transgenic cotton and the conventional cotton to grow together with the weeds; adopts natural grass. And 2, ensuring water supply so that cotton and weeds can grow normally. And 3, adopting natural fertility for soil, and not performing artificial fertilization. The test field only adopts the natural fertility of soil and does not additionally apply any fertilizer. And 4, reducing damage of investigation activities to weeds. And 5, overcoming the influence of cotton plant diseases and insect pests on the test, and preventing and treating in time so as not to cause damage to the cotton. The evaluation method of the invention proves that the transgenic drought-resistant cotton and the conventional receptor cotton have weak growth vigor and cannot successfully breed seeds under the condition of competition between the wasteland and weeds.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and relates to a novel method for evaluating the survival competitive capacity of transgenic cotton wastelands in an extreme drought region.
Background
The environmental risk evaluation of transgenic cotton is one of the important contents in the research and development process of new varieties of transgenic cotton. Relevant standards are already formulated in China to guide the evaluation of the competition ability of transgenic cotton for wasteland survival under the condition of natural rainfall, and the technologies are also applied to domestic areas with abundant natural rainfall. However, the prior art is difficult to apply in extremely arid areas in China, such as cotton areas in southern and northern Xinjiang and Hexi corridor of Gansu province, because natural rainfall is rare in most years in these cotton areas, transgenic cotton seeds sowed under the condition of wasteland are often difficult to emerge, can not grow normally, and can not be observed successfully. However, this does not represent a risk of the transgenic cotton in these extreme arid areas under the wasteland conditions, since the natural rainfall in these extreme arid areas is not balanced in time and space, and although the wasteland test is difficult according to the prior art, the risk cannot be completely eliminated. Eighty percent of cotton in China is produced in the extremely arid regions, and the evaluation of the wasteland viability competition capability of the transgenic cotton in the regions is necessary.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a novel method for evaluating the viability competition capability of a transgenic cotton wasteland in an extreme drought area, which can determine the maximum risk of the survival of a novel transgenic cotton material in the wasteland habitat in the extreme drought area.
The specific technical scheme is as follows:
a novel method for evaluating the survival competitive capacity of transgenic cotton wastelands in extreme arid regions comprises the following steps:
step 1, sowing the transgenic cotton and the conventional cotton in a place with thick weeds in the last year on a wasteland when the temperature is proper in spring, and allowing the transgenic cotton and the conventional cotton to grow together with the weeds. Adopts natural grass without artificial seeding.
And 2, ensuring water supply so that cotton and weeds can grow normally. Leveling the wasteland, ridging, watering for enough water, preparing land, spreading film, dibbling cotton on the film, and immediately uncovering the film after the cotton emerges, so that the weeds emerge. Watering is carried out in time along with the growth of cotton, so that the normal growth of the cotton and weeds is ensured.
And 3, adopting natural fertility for soil, and not performing artificial fertilization. The test field only adopts the natural fertility of soil and does not additionally apply any fertilizer.
And 4, reducing damage of investigation activities to weeds. The number of times and contents of the investigation are reduced to prevent the weeds from trampling to affect the growth thereof. The number of seedlings at one time after the emergence of the cotton seedlings is investigated, the vegetative growth and reproductive growth conditions at one time are investigated at the end of the season, and only the coverage and height of the cotton seedlings and weeds are investigated in the middle.
And 5, overcoming the influence of natural random factors such as cotton plant diseases and insect pests on the test. The cotton diseases and insect pests have different degrees of occurrence in different years, and need to be investigated and prevented in time so as not to cause harm to the cotton.
Further, the area per cell is 2.0 × 1.5 — 3.0m2.5 rows of cotton are planted in each cell, the row spacing is 30cm, the plant spacing is 10cm, and the seed sowing depth is 3 cm. After sowing and before emergence of seedlings, all the districts are covered with plastic films and are shaded by plant branches and leaves, so that the surface moisture is prevented from being lost too fast, and the smooth emergence of seedlings is ensured. Immediately taking off the mulch after the cotton seedlings are completely emerged, and leading the weeds to emerge. Naturally-occurring weeds were allowed to compete with cotton growth without any treatment. The cotton peanuts are watered according to the seedling conditions in the long period, so that the cotton is not subjected to drought stress. The pesticide composition can be used for chemically preventing and treating cotton aphids, cotton leaf mites, cotton plant bugs, cotton bollworms, cutworms and other pests in time, and can ensure that the cotton is not damaged.
Further, in step 4, the coverage and height of cotton and weeds are investigated once a month or so according to the growth conditions of the cotton and weeds. And investigating the vegetative growth and reproductive growth of cotton when frosted. 3 plants were randomly selected for each row of cotton, and 15 plants were randomly selected for each cell for measurement.
Furthermore, the sown cotton seedlings emerge regularly about one week, and then the weeds emerge continuously. The weed species are mainly suaeda salsa. According to the investigation of 8 months and 19 days, the weed density is 292 +/-125.0 plants per square meter, wherein 99.5 percent of the weed density is the agriophyllum squarrosum, and the rest is the chenopodium album and the chicory. The weeds grow faster than cotton, the coverage is 2 to 3 times that of cotton after 7 months, and the cotton is almost completely covered in the weed clumps by 10 months.
Furthermore, at the end of the season, it was determined that transgenic cotton, conventional recipient cotton and weeds were weak in growth and unable to successfully reproduce progeny.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the evaluation method of the invention proves that the transgenic drought-resistant cotton and the conventional receptor cotton have weak growth vigor and cannot successfully breed seeds under the condition of competition between the wasteland and weeds. The transgenic drought-resistant cotton has no competitive advantage under the condition of the wasteland compared with the conventional acceptor cotton, and both the transgenic drought-resistant cotton and the conventional acceptor cotton cannot survive and propagate in the wasteland. The method has the advantages that a relatively suitable survival condition is provided for the transgenic cotton and the conventional recipient cotton under the condition of the wasteland, so that the transgenic cotton and the conventional recipient cotton can finish the growth in the whole season, and the maximum risk of the survival of the transgenic cotton in the wasteland is obtained. And according to the prior art, the seeds of the transgenic cotton and the conventional recipient cotton are directly sown in the wastelands without watering, the transgenic cotton and the conventional recipient cotton do not emerge, the test can only be half way without waste, and the difference of the two in the survival and competitive capacity of the wastelands is not seen.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
A method for evaluating the survival competitive capacity of transgenic cotton wastelands in extreme arid regions specifically comprises the following five parts:
1. in spring, when the air temperature is proper, the transgenic cotton and the conventional cotton are sowed in the places with dense weeds on the wastelands in the past year, so that the transgenic cotton, the conventional cotton and the weeds grow together. Adopts natural grass without artificial seeding.
2. The water supply is ensured, and the cotton and the weeds can grow normally. Leveling the wasteland, ridging, watering for enough water, preparing land, spreading film, dibbling cotton on the film, and immediately uncovering the film after the cotton emerges, so that the weeds emerge. Watering is carried out in time along with the growth of cotton, so that the normal growth of the cotton and weeds is ensured.
3. The soil adopts natural fertility and does not need artificial fertilization. The test field only adopts the natural fertility of soil and does not additionally apply any fertilizer.
4. Reduce the damage of investigation activities to weeds. The number of times and contents of the investigation are reduced to prevent the weeds from trampling to affect the growth thereof. The number of seedlings at one time after the emergence of the cotton seedlings is investigated, the vegetative growth and reproductive growth conditions at one time are investigated at the end of the season, and only the coverage and height of the cotton seedlings and weeds are investigated in the middle.
5. Overcoming the influence of natural random factors such as cotton plant diseases and insect pests on the test. The cotton diseases and insect pests have different degrees of occurrence in different years, and need to be investigated and prevented in time so as not to cause harm to the cotton.
Wasteland survival competitive power of transgenic drought-resistant cotton
The contrast of the transgenic drought-resistant cotton XJT-1706 is the conventional receptor variety CK.
The test was conducted on a piece of wasteland that had been abandoned for three years in the test base of Kurler city, Xinjiang. Before sowing, the seeds are leveled, watered, and the soil is deeply ploughed to form furrows, and the cells are divided in the furrows. Seeding in 23 days 5 months in 2018, repeating the two varieties for 4 times, uniformly arranging repeated cells in the furrow, and setting the area of each cell to be 2.0 multiplied by 1.5 to 3.0m2.5 rows of cotton are planted in each cell, the row spacing is 30cm, the plant spacing is 10cm, and the seed sowing depth is 3 cm. After sowing and before emergence of seedlings, all the districts are covered with plastic films and are shaded by plant branches and leaves, so that the surface moisture is prevented from being lost too fast, and the smooth emergence of seedlings is ensured. Immediately taking off the mulch after the cotton seedlings are completely emerged, and leading the weeds to emerge. Naturally-occurring weeds were allowed to compete with cotton growth without any treatment. The cotton peanuts are watered according to the seedling conditions in the long period, so that the cotton is not subjected to drought stress. People do not need to carry out any form before and after cotton seedingAnd (5) fertilizing. And can chemically control cotton aphid, cotton spider mite, cotton plant bug, cotton bollworm, cutworm and other pests in time, and ensure that the cotton is not damaged.
According to the growth conditions of the cotton and the weeds, the coverage and the height of the cotton and the weeds are investigated once a month or so. And investigating the vegetative growth and reproductive growth of cotton when frosted. 3 plants were randomly selected for each row of cotton, and 15 plants were randomly selected for each cell for measurement.
In the experiment of the condition of the wasteland, the sown cotton orderly emerges at first about one week, and then the weeds emerge successively. The weed species are mainly suaeda salsa. According to the investigation of 8 months and 19 days, the weed density is 292 +/-125.0 plants per square meter, wherein 99.5 percent of the weed density is the agriophyllum squarrosum, and the rest is the chenopodium album and the chicory. The weeds grow faster than cotton, the coverage is 2 to 3 times that of cotton after 7 months, and the cotton is almost completely covered in the weed clumps by 10 months.
The plant height, stem thickness, coverage at ordinary times, fresh weight, and plant height and coverage of weeds when two cotton plants are frosted (10 mid-month) under the conditions of the wasteland are shown in Table 1. It can be seen that the difference between the cotton plant height, the stem thickness, the coverage and the fresh weight of the single plant on the ground is not obvious; weed coverage and height differences were also not apparent.
TABLE 1 transgenic drought-resistant cotton and its conventional acceptor cotton growing in different time
The two kinds of cotton have weak growth vigor under the condition of the wasteland, the number of nutrient branches, the number of fruit branches and the number of buds and bolls are very small, each plant has less than one fruit branch on average, and the length of the fruit branch is not more than 2 cm. Furthermore, neither cotton plants had harvested mature bolls and seeds (see table 2), and were unable to successfully reproduce progeny.
TABLE 2 comparison of transgenic drought-resistant cotton under the conditions of wasteland with the growth of the conventional acceptor cotton when frosted
| Item | CK | XJT-1706 |
| Number of fruit branches | 0.6±0.69a | 1.1±0.55a |
| Number of buds | 0.5±0.52a | 0.7±0.31a |
| Number of immature bolls | 0.1±0.23a | 0.4±0.38a |
| Number of ripe bells | 0.0±0.00a | 0.0±0.00a |
| Number of vegetative branches | 0.0±0.00a | 0.1±0.06a |
| Long vegetative twig (centimetre) | 0.0±0.00a | 0.3±0.40a |
Under the condition of competition between the wasteland and weeds, the transgenic drought-resistant cotton and the conventional receptor cotton have weak growth vigor and cannot successfully breed seeds. The transgenic drought-resistant cotton has no competitive advantage under the condition of the wasteland compared with the conventional acceptor cotton, and both the transgenic drought-resistant cotton and the conventional acceptor cotton cannot survive and propagate in the wasteland.
The applicant has directly sown the seeds of the transgenic cotton and the conventional recipient cotton on the wastelands according to the prior art, but the seeds are not watered, the seeds of the transgenic cotton and the conventional recipient cotton fail to emerge, and the difference of the competitive power of the wastelands is not seen. Seeds of transgenic cotton, conventional recipient cotton and weeds (including chenopodium glaucum, amaranthus pallidum and barnyard grass) are sown simultaneously under the condition of watering on the wastelands, but the transgenic cotton and the conventional recipient cotton both emerge, and the planted weeds do not emerge, which indicates that the weed planting on the wastelands is difficult.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any simple modifications or equivalent substitutions of the technical solutions that can be obviously obtained by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A novel method for evaluating the survival competitive capacity of transgenic cotton wastelands in extreme arid regions is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, sowing transgenic cotton and conventional cotton in a place with dense weeds in the last year on a wasteland when the temperature is proper in spring, and allowing the transgenic cotton and the conventional cotton to grow together with the weeds; natural grass is adopted, and artificial seeding of weeds is not needed;
step 2, ensuring water supply and enabling cotton and weeds to grow normally; leveling the wasteland, ridging, watering enough water, preparing land and paving a film, dibbling cotton on the film, and immediately uncovering the film after the cotton emerges, so that weeds emerge; watering in time along with the growth of cotton to ensure the normal growth of cotton and weeds;
step 3, adopting natural fertility for soil, and not performing artificial fertilization; the test field only adopts the natural fertility of soil and does not additionally apply any fertilizer;
step 4, reducing damage of investigation activities to weeds; reducing the number of times and content of investigation to prevent the weeds from trampling to affect the growth of the weeds; investigating the number of seedlings once after the emergence of cotton seedlings, investigating the vegetative growth and reproductive growth conditions once at the end of a season, and only investigating the coverage and height of the cotton seedlings and weeds in the middle;
step 5, overcoming the influence of natural random factors such as cotton plant diseases and insect pests on the test; the cotton diseases and insect pests have different degrees of occurrence in different years, and need to be investigated and prevented in time so as not to cause harm to the cotton.
2. The novel method for evaluating the competition ability for the wasteland of transgenic cotton in the extreme arid region as claimed in claim 1, wherein the area of each cell is 2.0 x 1.5 ═ 3.0m2(ii) a Planting 5 rows of cotton in each cell, wherein the row spacing is 30cm, the plant spacing is 10cm, and the seed sowing depth is 3 cm; after sowing and before emergence of seedlings, covering each cell with a plastic film and shading with plant branches and leaves to prevent surface moisture from losing too fast and ensure smooth emergence of seedlings; immediately taking off the mulch after the cotton seedlings are completely emerged, and leading weeds to emerge; naturally growing weeds are subjected to no treatment, and are allowed to compete with cotton for growth; chemical control of cotton aphid, cotton leaf mite, cotton plant bug, cotton bollworm and cutworm in time, and ensuring that cotton is not harmed.
3. The novel method for evaluating the viability and competitiveness of transgenic cotton wastelands in extreme arid regions according to claim 1, characterized in that in step 4, the coverage and height of cotton and weeds are investigated once a month according to the growth of cotton and weeds; and (3) randomly selecting 3 plants of cotton in each row and 15 plants in each cell for measurement during investigation of vegetative growth and reproductive growth of cotton during frost.
4. The novel method for evaluating the viability and competitiveness of transgenic cotton wastelands in extreme arid regions as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the sown cotton is first sown regularly for emergence of seedlings one week, and then the weeds are sown successively; the weed species is mainly suaeda salsa; according to investigation on 8 months and 19 days, the density of weeds is 292 +/-125.0 plants per square meter, wherein 99.5 percent of weeds are Salicornia bigelovii, and the balance is Chenopodium album and Cichorium intybus; the weeds grow faster than cotton, the coverage is 2 to 3 times that of cotton after 7 months, and the cotton is almost completely covered in the weed clumps by 10 months.
5. The novel method for evaluating the viability and competitiveness of transgenic cotton wastelands in extreme arid regions according to claim 1, characterized in that under the wastelands conditions, a relatively suitable survival condition is provided for the transgenic cotton and the conventional recipient cotton, so that both can complete the growth in the whole season, and the maximum risk of the transgenic cotton surviving in the wastelands is obtained.
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