CN110971222A - Laser-triggered quick-closing high-voltage vacuum switch - Google Patents
Laser-triggered quick-closing high-voltage vacuum switch Download PDFInfo
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- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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Abstract
The invention discloses a laser-triggered quick-closing high-voltage vacuum switch, and belongs to the technical field of high-voltage high-capacity pulse power closing switches. According to the invention, the laser trigger system is used for generating pulse laser, the pulse laser and the trigger material in the switch assembly act to generate plasma, the vacuum gap between the static electrode with the light hole and the lower electrode is conducted, and then the mechanism linkage assembly drives the lower electrode to move, so that the static electrode with the light hole and the lower electrode are closed. The invention ensures that the vacuum gap is conducted quickly and accurately by utilizing a laser triggering mode, the gap is closed quickly after the current is conducted, the ablation of the electrode and a triggering material by a large current is reduced, the through-current capacity of the vacuum switch is greatly improved, the service life of the vacuum switch is greatly prolonged, and the requirement of a pulse power system on repeated action is met; the trigger light path is optimally designed, and the through-current capacity, the service life and the repetition frequency characteristic of the laser trigger quick closing vacuum switch are further improved. The modularized design is adopted to improve the operation reliability and the installation convenience of the switch.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of high-voltage high-capacity pulse power closed switches, and particularly relates to a laser-triggered quick-closing high-voltage vacuum switch.
Background
In recent years, the pulse power technology is widely applied to a plurality of important fields such as national defense, scientific research, industrial application and the like. With the continuous increase of the capacity of the pulse power device and the continuous improvement of the requirements on the relevant parameters of the waveform quality, higher and more comprehensive requirements are provided for the performance of various core devices in a pulse system. The pulse power closed switch is used as a system end device, and key technical indexes such as system capacity, waveform quality and operation stability are determined. The research and development of the pulse power closed switch with better comprehensive performance and larger capacity plays a crucial role in the development of the pulse power system in China in the future. According to different operation characteristics of the switch, the common pulse power closed switches at present can be divided into a gas switch, a vacuum switch and a power electronic switch. The gas switch has the advantages of high withstand voltage, short conduction time delay and the like, but is influenced by the self characteristics of insulating gas, and the through-current capacity and the service life of the gas switch are relatively limited; the power electronic switch has the advantages of large flow capacity, short trigger time delay, high precision and the like, but the application range of the power electronic switch is limited by higher on-state loss and production cost; the vacuum switch takes vacuum as an insulating medium, and has the advantages of large current-carrying capacity, good repetition frequency characteristic, small volume, no maintenance and the like. The pulse power closed switch can be divided into various types according to different triggering modes. The Laser Triggered Vacuum Switch (LTVS) integrates the technical advantages of a laser triggered gas switch and an electric pulse triggered vacuum switch, utilizes the interaction of high-energy pulse laser and trigger materials in the switch to generate initial plasma to quickly close a vacuum gap, and has the advantages of short time delay, high precision, wide working voltage range, long service life and the like. The previous research shows that the LTVS working voltage is as low as dozens of volts, the current-carrying capacity can reach hundreds of coulombs, the trigger precision is lower than 2ns, and the LTVS protective film has excellent application prospect in the field of high voltage resistance and large current under various voltage ranges such as electromagnetic emission systems and direct-current system protection.
The continuously-improved system parameters of the pulse power device require that a closed switch of the pulse power device has higher trigger precision, a wider voltage range, stronger current capacity, better repetition frequency characteristic and longer service life, the current amount released by a part of large-scale pulse power systems at a time can reach thousands of coulombs, and certain requirements are made on the action precision and repetition frequency of the switch. In summary, the conventional pulse power closed switch is generally difficult to satisfy the technical criteria well due to the reasons such as the switch structure or the working principle.
The vacuum circuit breaker belongs to a normally closed switch device, is mainly responsible for effectively cutting off fault current when a power system fails, and has reliable performance and important significance for ensuring safe and stable operation of the power system. At present, the vacuum circuit breaker occupies an absolutely leading position in the field of medium and low voltage power transmission and distribution. The existing vacuum circuit breaker mostly adopts a spring or a permanent magnet operating mechanism to complete the opening action, and the opening speed is relatively slow (generally about 1 m/s). With the continuous development of an electric power system, in order to meet the requirement of quick disconnection of part of application occasions, a student designs and develops a quick operating mechanism, and the opening speed of the vacuum circuit breaker can be greatly improved.
Aiming at the requirements of a high-capacity pulse power system, if a novel laser-triggered quick-closing vacuum switch can be designed by combining the technical characteristics of a laser-triggered vacuum switch and a vacuum circuit breaker, when a system closing instruction is received, a vacuum gap is quickly conducted in a high-precision mode by utilizing a laser triggering mode; meanwhile, the rapid operating mechanism is controlled to be matched with the laser triggering system, the electrodes are driven to move at the proper time, so that the two electrodes can be rapidly contacted and reliably closed after the current is conducted, the vacuum gap switching-on action is completed, and the subsequent high current of the system can be reliably and rapidly discharged by utilizing the extremely low contact resistance after the electrodes are contacted. And after the current is discharged, the operating mechanism is controlled to drive the electrode to be switched off, and the initial insulation state of the vacuum gap is recovered so as to meet the repeated action requirement of the pulse power system. The short-time delay, high-precision and quick conduction of the switch is realized by optimizing the material type, structure and quantity of trigger materials in the switch, and meanwhile, the service life of the switch is effectively prolonged. The trigger light path can adopt a space light path or an optical fiber light path to reliably trigger the gap conduction, and the reliability and the convenience of the trigger system are improved. The cooperative matching of the laser trigger system and the stroke of the quick operating mechanism is realized by utilizing the specially designed trigger control system, and the quick and effective closing of the vacuum gap is ensured. On the basis, a novel pulse power closed switch with high precision, large capacity, high repetition frequency and long service life is obtained.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a high-voltage high-performance large-capacity laser-triggered quick-closing vacuum switch; based on the technical characteristics of a laser trigger vacuum switch and a rapid vacuum circuit breaker, a trigger system is designed to ensure that a plurality of paths of parallel lasers reliably act on the surface of a trigger material on a lower electrode to rapidly conduct a vacuum gap, and simultaneously an operating mechanism is controlled to drive the electrode to be rapidly closed to conduct subsequent large current; the invention weakens the ablation of the electrode and the trigger material by the heavy current, improves the through-current capacity of the switch and prolongs the service life of the switch.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a laser triggering quick-closing high-voltage vacuum switch comprises an upper wiring terminal 16, an upper insulating supporting rod 17, a lower wiring terminal 18, a switch assembly 19, a lower insulating supporting rod 26, a triggering controller 27, a mechanism power module 28, an energy storage capacitor 29, a base 30, a mechanism linkage assembly and a laser triggering system.
The switch assembly 19 comprises a high lens 2, an upper end cover flange 3, an upper auxiliary shielding case 4, a hollow upper conducting rod 5, a shielding case 6, an insulating shell 7, a static electrode 8 with a light hole, a lower electrode 9, a trigger material 10, a lower movable conducting rod 11, a corrugated pipe 12, a lower auxiliary shielding case 13, a lower end cover flange 14 and a movable electrode guide rod 15. The shielding cover 6 is cylindrical, and an annular flange is arranged on the outer side of the shielding cover 6; the insulating shell 7 is cylindrical, and the shielding cover 6 is sealed on the inner wall of the insulating shell 7 through an annular flange; the upper end cover flange 3 and the lower end cover flange 14 are of concave shell structures and are respectively arranged at two ends of the insulating shell 7, and through holes are formed in the centers of the upper end cover flange 3 and the lower end cover flange 14; the hollow upper conducting rod 5 and the moving electrode guide rod 15 are both cylindrical, the hollow upper conducting rod 5 is hermetically connected in a through hole of the upper end cover flange 3, the lower end of the hollow upper conducting rod 5 is positioned in the shielding case 6, and the moving electrode guide rod 15 is installed in the through hole of the lower end cover flange 14; the high lens 2 is hermetically arranged in a central through hole of the hollow upper conducting rod 5; the static electrode 8 with the light through holes is coaxially arranged at the lower end of the hollow upper conducting rod 5 and is positioned in the shielding case 6, n +1 light through holes are uniformly formed in the region, corresponding to the central through hole of the hollow upper conducting rod 5, of the static electrode 8 with the light through holes, n is a natural number, and the axis of each light through hole is parallel to the axis of the hollow upper conducting rod 5; the lower movable conducting rod 11 is coaxially arranged in the movable electrode guide rod 15, and the upper end of the lower movable conducting rod 11 is positioned in the shielding case 6; the lower electrode 9 is arranged at the upper end of the lower movable conducting rod 11 and is symmetrically arranged in the shielding cover 6 with the static electrode 8 with the light-passing hole; n +1 trigger materials 10 are arranged at the positions of the lower electrode 9 corresponding to the light through holes of the static electrode with light through holes 8, and the trigger materials 10 act with the pulse laser 1 to generate plasma to conduct the gap between the static electrode with light through holes 8 and the lower electrode 9; the corrugated pipe 12 is sleeved outside the lower movable conducting rod 11, and two ends of the corrugated pipe 12 are respectively connected to the lower movable conducting rod 11 and the lower end cover flange 14 in a sealing manner; the upper auxiliary shield cover 4 and the lower auxiliary shield cover 13 are respectively arranged on the inner surface of the upper end cover flange 3 and the inner surface of the lower end cover flange 14, the upper auxiliary shield cover 4 surrounds the outside of the hollow upper conducting rod 5, and the lower auxiliary shield cover 13 surrounds the outside of the lower movable conducting rod 11 and is used for optimizing the distribution of an electric field in a gap;
the base 30 is of a hollow box structure, the trigger controller 27, the mechanism power supply module 28 and the energy storage capacitor 29 are installed inside the base 30, the trigger controller 27 serves as a controller for laser triggering to quickly close the high-voltage vacuum switch, the trigger controller 27 is in communication connection with the mechanism power supply module 28, and the mechanism power supply module 28 is in communication connection with the energy storage capacitor 29;
the upper wiring terminal 16 and the lower wiring terminal 18 are both in a plate-shaped structure, and a through hole is formed in the center; the lower wiring terminal 18 is fixedly arranged above the base 30 through a plurality of lower insulating support rods 26; the upper wiring terminal 16 is fixedly arranged above the lower wiring terminal 18 through a plurality of upper insulating support rods 17; the switch assembly 19 is clamped and fixed through an upper wiring terminal 16 and a lower wiring terminal 18, the hollow upper conducting rod 5 coaxially penetrates through a through hole of the upper wiring terminal 16, and the upper end cover flange 3 is in equipotential connection with the upper wiring terminal 16; the moving electrode guide rod 15 coaxially penetrates through a through hole of the lower wiring terminal 18, and the lower end cover flange 14 is in equipotential connection with the lower wiring terminal 18;
the mechanism linkage assembly comprises a flexible connection flat cable 20, a wiring row 21, an insulation pull rod 22, an overtravel spring 23, an overtravel connecting piece 24 and a quick operating mechanism 25; the quick operating mechanism 25 is arranged on the upper part of the base 30; the overtravel connecting piece 24 is arranged at the upper moving end of the quick operating mechanism 25, and the overtravel connecting piece 24 is connected with the insulating pull rod 22 through an overtravel spring 23 and is used for adjusting the mechanical motion stability of the quick operating mechanism 25; the wiring bar 21 is a conductive disc and is fixedly arranged between the insulating pull rod 22 and the lower movable conductive rod 11; the wiring bar 21 is fixedly connected with the lower wiring terminal 18 through the flexible connection line 20, and is used for conducting large current on the switch assembly 19.
The laser triggering system comprises a laser 31, a laser power supply 32, a communication optical fiber 33 and a triggering optical path, wherein the triggering optical path comprises a space optical triggering optical path and an energy optical fiber triggering optical path, and is selected according to conditions. The laser power supply 32 is connected with the trigger controller 27 through a communication optical fiber 33 in a communication way, and the trigger controller 27 sends an instruction to the laser power supply 32 to control the laser 31 to output the pulse laser 1.
The spatial light trigger system comprises a sealing lens 34, a light splitting lens barrel 35, an n-component light splitting lens group consisting of a total reflection lens 36 and a light splitting lens 37, and n +1 focusing lenses 38. The beam splitting lens barrel 35 is a hollow cylinder, a through hole is formed in the center of the upper end face of the beam splitting lens barrel, a sealing lens 34 is installed at the through hole of the upper end face, n +1 through holes are formed in the lower end face of the beam splitting lens barrel, and n +1 focusing lenses 38 are installed at the through hole of the lower end face of the beam splitting lens barrel to ensure sealing and cleaning in the lens barrel; the beam splitting lens barrel 35 is arranged on the upper part of the upper connecting terminal 16, and the focusing lens 38 is aligned with a light through hole on the static electrode 8 with the light through hole; after the pulse laser 1 output by the laser 31 is transmitted by space light, the pulse laser is input into the light splitting lens barrel through the sealing lens 34 along the axial lead of the light splitting lens barrel 35, and the laser 31 and the light splitting lens barrel 35 are insulated; each group of total reflection lens 36 and light splitting lens 37 are arranged in the light splitting lens barrel 35 in parallel; an included angle between the light splitting lens 37 of the first lens group and the pulse laser 1 passing through the sealing lens 34 is 45 degrees, the pulse laser 1 is irradiated on the light splitting lens 37 and then divided into two paths of pulse lasers 1, one path of the pulse lasers passes through the light splitting lens 37 and has the same direction as the original pulse laser 1, the other path of the pulse lasers is irradiated on the total reflection lens 36 after 90-degree deflection, and the pulse laser 1 irradiated on the total reflection lens 36 has the same direction as the original pulse laser 1 after 90-degree secondary deflection; the other n-1 lens groups are arranged in sequence according to needs, each lens group converts the single-path pulse laser 1 into two paths of pulse lasers 1 in the same direction, the n lens groups convert the single-path pulse laser 1 into n +1 paths of pulse lasers 1, and the n +1 paths of pulse lasers 1 sequentially penetrate through the focusing lens 38, the high lens 2 and the band-pass light hole static electrode 8 to irradiate on the surface of the trigger material 10.
The energy optical fiber triggering system comprises a sealing lens 34, n groups of light splitting lens groups, n +1 focusing lenses 38, an optical fiber coupling lens barrel 39, n +1 energy optical fibers 40, a collimation focusing lens barrel 41, n +1 collimation lenses 42 and n +1 optical fiber focusing lenses 43. The optical fiber coupling lens barrel 39 is hollow cylindrical, a through hole is formed in the center of the upper end face of the optical fiber coupling lens barrel for mounting the sealing lens 34, and n +1 through holes are formed in the lower end face of the optical fiber coupling lens barrel for inserting the energy optical fiber 40; the optical fiber coupling lens barrel 39 is installed at a laser outlet of the laser 31, the axis of the optical fiber coupling lens barrel 39 is overlapped with the pulse laser 1 output by the laser 31, and the pulse laser 1 enters the optical fiber coupling lens barrel 39 through the sealing lens 34; the splitting lens group is the same as the splitting lens group of the spatial light triggering system, and also comprises a total reflection lens 36 and a splitting lens 37, wherein the total reflection lens 36 and the splitting lens 37 are arranged in the optical fiber coupling lens barrel 39 in parallel; an included angle between the light splitting lens 37 of the first lens group and the pulse laser 1 passing through the sealing lens 34 is 45 degrees, the pulse laser 1 is irradiated on the light splitting lens 37 and then divided into two paths of pulse lasers 1, one path of the pulse lasers passes through the light splitting lens 37 and has the same direction as the original pulse laser 1, the other path of the pulse lasers is irradiated on the total reflection lens 36 after 90-degree deflection, and the pulse laser 1 irradiated on the total reflection lens 36 has the same direction as the original pulse laser 1 after 90-degree secondary deflection; the other n-1 lens groups which are set according to requirements are sequentially arranged, each lens group converts the single-path pulse laser 1 into two paths of pulse lasers 1 in the same direction, the n lens groups convert the single-path pulse laser 1 into n +1 paths of pulse lasers 1, the n +1 paths of pulse lasers 1 are focused by the corresponding focusing lenses 38 and then are coupled and input into n +1 energy optical fibers 40, and the pulse lasers 1 are transmitted through the energy optical fibers; the collimating focusing lens barrel 41 is a hollow cylinder, two ends of the collimating focusing lens barrel 41 are respectively provided with n +1 through holes, the through hole at one end is used for inserting the energy optical fiber 40, the inner side of the through hole at the other end is hermetically provided with an optical fiber focusing lens 43, the collimating focusing lens barrel 41 is arranged at the upper part of the upper wiring terminal 16, and the through hole of the collimating focusing lens barrel 41 is aligned with the through hole on the static electrode 8 with the light through hole; the protective tube of the energy optical fiber 40 is made of insulating material, one end of the optical fiber is inserted in the through hole of the optical fiber coupling lens cone 39, and the other end of the optical fiber is inserted in the through hole of the end face of the collimation focusing lens cone 41; the collimating lens 42 is installed inside the collimating and focusing lens barrel 41, and the collimating lens 42 is aligned with the optical fiber focusing lens 43; after the multi-channel pulse laser 1 transmitted by the n +1 energy optical fibers 40 is input into the collimating and focusing lens barrel 41, the multi-channel pulse laser is collimated and focused by the collimating lens 42 and the optical fiber focusing lens 43, and then output, and passes through the high lens 2 and the static electrode 8 with the light-passing hole in sequence to irradiate the surface of the trigger material 10.
Further, the trigger material 10 is made of a mixed powder of titanium and potassium chloride.
Furthermore, the splitting proportion of the splitting lens 37 in the n splitting lens groups is different, and is n:1, (n-1):1, (n-2):1 · 2:1, and 1:1 from top to bottom, and the pulse laser 1 which is emitted into the lens barrel is evenly divided into n +1 parallel pulse laser 1.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: based on the technical characteristics of a laser trigger vacuum switch and a rapid vacuum circuit breaker, the rapid and high-precision conduction of a vacuum gap is ensured by utilizing a laser trigger mode, a rapid operating mechanism is matched with the rapid operating mechanism to drive a vacuum electrode to move, the gap is rapidly closed after current conduction, the ablation of large current to the electrode and a trigger material is reduced, the through-current capacity and the service life of the vacuum switch are greatly improved, and the requirement of a pulse power system on repeated action is met; a plurality of trigger materials are adopted to generate more initial plasmas, so that the vacuum gap obtains shorter conduction time delay and faster current rise rate; the trigger control system is optimally designed, so that the laser trigger time and the stroke of the quick operating mechanism obtain an optimal cooperative scheme, and the through-flow capacity, the service life and the repetition frequency characteristic of the laser trigger quick closing vacuum switch are further improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a switch assembly;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a mechanical linkage assembly;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a spatial light trigger system;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an energy optical fiber triggering system.
In the figure: 1. pulse laser; 2. a high lens sheet; 3. an upper end cap flange; 4. an upper auxiliary shield case; 5. a hollow upper conductive rod; 6. a shield case; 7. an insulating housing; 8. a static electrode with a light hole; 9. a lower electrode; 10. a trigger material; 11. a lower moving conductive rod; 12. a bellows; 13. a lower auxiliary shield case; 14. a lower end cap flange; 15. a guide bar; 16. an upper wiring terminal; 17. an upper insulating support rod; 18. a lower wiring terminal; 19. a switch assembly; 20. flexible connection flat cable; 21. a line bank; 22. an insulating pull rod; 23. an overtravel spring; 24. an over-travel connector; 25. a fast operating mechanism; 26. a lower insulating support rod; 27. triggering a controller; 28. a mechanism power supply module; 29. an energy storage capacitor; 30. a base; 31. a laser; 32. a laser power supply; 33. a communication optical fiber; 34. sealing the lens; 35. a spectroscopic lens barrel; 36. a total reflection lens; 37. a spectroscopic lens; 38. a focusing lens; 39. an optical fiber coupling lens barrel; 40. an energy optical fiber; 41. a collimating focus lens barrel; 42. a collimating lens; 43. and (3) an optical fiber focusing lens.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in combination with the embodiments so that those skilled in the art can implement the present invention by referring to the description, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments. It is to be understood that the embodiments described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
A laser triggering quick-closing high-voltage vacuum switch comprises an upper wiring terminal 16, an upper insulating supporting rod 17, a lower wiring terminal 18, a switch assembly 19, a lower insulating supporting rod 26, a triggering controller 27, a mechanism power module 28, an energy storage capacitor 29, a base 30, a mechanism linkage assembly and a laser triggering system.
The switch assembly 19 belongs to a normally open type switch device, and as shown in fig. 1, includes a high lens sheet 2, an upper end cover flange 3, an upper auxiliary shielding case 4, a hollow upper conductive rod 5, a shielding case 6, an insulating housing 7, a static electrode 8 with a light hole, a lower electrode 9, a trigger material 10, a lower movable conductive rod 11, a corrugated pipe 12, a lower auxiliary shielding case 13, a lower end cover flange 14 and a movable electrode guide rod 15. The shielding cover 6 is cylindrical, and an annular flange is arranged on the outer side of the shielding cover 6; the insulating shell 7 is cylindrical, and the shielding cover 6 is sealed on the inner wall of the insulating shell 7 through an annular flange; the upper end cover flange 3 and the lower end cover flange 14 are of concave shell structures and are respectively arranged at two ends of the insulating shell 7, and through holes are formed in the centers of the upper end cover flange 3 and the lower end cover flange 14; the hollow upper conducting rod 5 and the moving electrode guide rod 15 are both cylindrical, the hollow upper conducting rod 5 is hermetically connected in a through hole of the upper end cover flange 3, the lower end of the hollow upper conducting rod 5 is positioned in the shielding case 6, and the moving electrode guide rod 15 is installed in the through hole of the lower end cover flange 14; the high lens 2 is hermetically arranged in a central through hole of the hollow upper conducting rod 5; the static electrode 8 with the light through holes is coaxially arranged at the lower end of the hollow upper conducting rod 5 and is positioned inside the shielding case 6, 3 light through holes are uniformly formed in the region, corresponding to the central through hole of the hollow upper conducting rod 5, of the static electrode 8 with the light through holes, and the axis of each light through hole is parallel to the axis of the hollow upper conducting rod 5; the lower movable conducting rod 11 is coaxially arranged in the movable electrode guide rod 15, and the upper end of the lower movable conducting rod 11 is positioned in the shielding case 6; the lower electrode 9 is arranged at the upper end of the lower movable conducting rod 11 and is symmetrically arranged in the shielding cover 6 with the static electrode 8 with the light-passing hole; 3 trigger materials 10 are arranged at the positions of the lower electrode 9, which correspond to the light through holes in the static electrode 8 with the light through holes, the trigger materials 10 are made of mixed powder of titanium and potassium chloride, and the trigger materials 10 act with the pulse laser 1 to generate plasma to conduct the gap between the static electrode 8 with the light through holes and the lower electrode 9; the corrugated pipe 12 is sleeved outside the lower movable conducting rod 11, two ends of the corrugated pipe 12 are respectively connected to the lower movable conducting rod 11 and the lower end cover flange 14 in a sealing manner, in order to facilitate the installation of the corrugated pipe 12, a flange is arranged on the outer side of the lower movable conducting rod 11, and the corrugated pipe 12 is installed on the flange; the upper auxiliary shield cover 4 and the lower auxiliary shield cover 13 are respectively arranged on the inner surface of the upper end cover flange 3 and the inner surface of the lower end cover flange 14, the upper auxiliary shield cover 4 surrounds the outside of the hollow upper conducting rod 5, and the lower auxiliary shield cover 13 surrounds the outside of the lower movable conducting rod 11 and is used for optimizing the distribution of electric fields in the gap.
The structure of the laser-triggered quick-closing vacuum switch is schematically shown in fig. 2, the base 30 is a hollow box structure, the trigger controller 27, the mechanism power module 28 and the energy storage capacitor 29 are installed inside the base 30, the trigger controller 27 serves as a controller for laser-triggered quick-closing high-voltage vacuum switch, the trigger controller 27 is in communication connection with the mechanism power module 28, and the mechanism power module 28 is in communication connection with the energy storage capacitor 29;
the upper wiring terminal 16 and the lower wiring terminal 18 are both in a plate-shaped structure, and a through hole is formed in the center; the lower wiring terminal 18 is fixedly arranged above the base 30 through a plurality of lower insulating support rods 26; the upper wiring terminal 16 is fixedly arranged above the lower wiring terminal 18 through a plurality of upper insulating support rods 17; the switch assembly 19 is clamped and fixed through an upper wiring terminal 16 and a lower wiring terminal 18, the hollow upper conducting rod 5 coaxially penetrates through a through hole of the upper wiring terminal 16, and the upper end cover flange 3 is in equipotential connection with the upper wiring terminal 16; the moving electrode guide rod 15 coaxially penetrates through a through hole of the lower wiring terminal 18, and the lower end cover flange 14 is in equipotential connection with the lower wiring terminal 18;
the mechanism linkage assembly comprises a flexible connection flat cable 20, a wiring row 21, an insulation pull rod 22, an overtravel spring 23, an overtravel connecting piece 24 and a quick operating mechanism 25; the quick operating mechanism 25 is arranged on the upper part of the base 30; the overtravel connecting piece 24 is arranged at the upper moving end of the quick operating mechanism 25, and the overtravel connecting piece 24 is connected with the insulating pull rod 22 through an overtravel spring 23 and is used for adjusting the mechanical motion stability of the quick operating mechanism 25; the wiring bar 21 is a conductive disc and is fixedly arranged between the insulating pull rod 22 and the lower movable conductive rod 11; the wiring bar 21 is fixedly connected with the lower wiring terminal 18 through the flexible connection line 20, and is used for conducting large current on the switch assembly 19.
The laser triggering system comprises a laser 31, a laser power supply 32, a communication optical fiber 33 and a triggering optical path, wherein the triggering optical path is divided into a space optical triggering optical path and an energy optical fiber triggering optical path, and is selected according to conditions. The laser power supply 32 is connected with the trigger controller 27 through a communication optical fiber 33 in a communication way, and the trigger controller 27 sends an instruction to the laser power supply 32 to control the laser 31 to output the pulse laser 1.
The spatial light trigger system is shown in fig. 3, and includes two beam splitting lens groups consisting of a sealing lens 34, a beam splitting lens barrel 35, a total reflection lens 36 and a beam splitting lens 37, and 3 focusing lenses 38. The beam splitting lens barrel 35 is a hollow cylinder, a through hole is formed in the center of the upper end face of the beam splitting lens barrel, a sealing lens 34 is installed at the through hole of the upper end face, 3 through holes are formed in the lower end face of the beam splitting lens barrel, and 3 focusing lenses 38 are installed at the through hole of the lower end face of the beam splitting lens barrel to ensure sealing and cleaning in the lens barrel; the beam splitting lens barrel 35 is arranged on the upper part of the upper connecting terminal 16, and the focusing lens 38 is aligned with a light through hole on the static electrode 8 with the light through hole; after the laser output by the laser 31 is transmitted by the space light, the laser is input into the light splitting lens barrel through the sealing lens 34 along the axial lead of the light splitting lens barrel 35, and the laser 31 and the light splitting lens barrel 35 are insulated; each group of total reflection lens 36 and light splitting lens 37 are arranged in the light splitting lens barrel 35 in parallel; an included angle between the light splitting lens 37 of the first lens group and the pulse laser 1 passing through the sealing lens 34 is 45 degrees, the pulse laser 1 is irradiated on the light splitting lens 37 and then divided into two paths of pulse lasers 1, one path of the pulse lasers passes through the light splitting lens 37 and has the same direction as the original pulse laser 1, the other path of the pulse lasers is irradiated on the total reflection lens 36 after 90-degree deflection, and the pulse laser 1 irradiated on the total reflection lens 36 has the same direction as the original pulse laser 1 after 90-degree secondary deflection; the other group of lens groups are arranged in sequence according to needs, each group of lens groups converts the single-path pulse laser 1 into two paths of pulse lasers 1 in the same direction, the two groups of lens groups convert the single-path pulse lasers 1 into 3 paths of pulse lasers 1, and the 3 paths of pulse lasers 1 sequentially penetrate through the focusing lens 38, the high lens 2 and the band-pass light hole static electrode 8 to irradiate on the surface of the trigger material 10.
The energy optical fiber triggering system is shown in fig. 4, and includes a sealing lens 34, two sets of beam splitting lenses, 3 focusing lenses 38, an optical fiber coupling lens barrel 39, 3 energy optical fibers 40, a collimating focusing lens barrel 41, 3 collimating lenses 42, and 3 optical fiber focusing lenses 43. The optical fiber coupling lens cone 39 is hollow cylinder, the center of the upper end of the optical fiber coupling lens cone is provided with a through hole for installing the sealing lens 34, and the other lower end surface of the optical fiber coupling lens cone is provided with 3 through holes for inserting the energy optical fiber 40; the upper end of the optical fiber coupling lens barrel 39 is installed at a laser outlet of the laser 31, the axis of the optical fiber coupling lens barrel 39 is overlapped with the pulse laser 1 output by the laser 31, and the pulse laser 1 enters the optical fiber coupling lens barrel 39 through the sealing lens 34; the splitting lens group is the same as the splitting lens group of the spatial light triggering system, and also comprises a total reflection lens 36 and a splitting lens 37, wherein the total reflection lens 36 and the splitting lens 37 are arranged in the optical fiber coupling lens barrel 39 in parallel; an included angle between the light splitting lens 37 of the first lens group and the pulse laser 1 passing through the sealing lens 34 is 45 degrees, the pulse laser 1 is irradiated on the light splitting lens 37 and then divided into two paths of pulse lasers 1, one path of the pulse lasers passes through the light splitting lens 37 and has the same direction as the original pulse laser 1, the other path of the pulse lasers is irradiated on the total reflection lens 36 after 90-degree deflection, and the pulse laser 1 irradiated on the total reflection lens 36 has the same direction as the original pulse laser 1 after 90-degree secondary deflection; the other group of lens groups are arranged in sequence according to needs, each group of lens groups converts the single-path pulse laser 1 into two paths of pulse lasers 1 in the same direction, the two groups of lens groups convert the single-path pulse laser 1 into 3 paths of pulse lasers 1, the 3 paths of pulse lasers 1 are focused by corresponding focusing lenses 38 and then are coupled and input into 3 energy optical fibers 40, and the pulse lasers 1 are transmitted through the energy optical fibers; the collimating focusing lens barrel 41 is a hollow cylinder, two ends of the collimating focusing lens barrel 41 are respectively provided with 3 corresponding through holes, the through hole at one end is used for inserting the energy optical fiber 40, the optical fiber focusing lens 43 is sealed at the other end, the collimating focusing lens barrel 41 is arranged at the upper part of the upper wiring terminal 16, and the through hole of the collimating focusing lens barrel 41 is aligned with the light through hole on the static electrode 8 with the light through hole; the protective tube of the energy optical fiber 40 is made of insulating material, one end of the optical fiber is inserted in the through hole of the optical fiber coupling lens cone 39, and the other end of the optical fiber is inserted in the through hole of the end face of the collimation focusing lens cone 41; the collimating lens 42 is installed inside the collimating and focusing lens barrel 41, and the collimating lens 42 is aligned with the optical fiber focusing lens 43; after the multi-channel pulse laser 1 transmitted by the 3 energy optical fibers 40 is input into the collimating and focusing lens 41, the multi-channel pulse laser is collimated and focused by the collimating lens 42 and the optical fiber focusing lens 43, and then output, and sequentially passes through the high lens 2 and the static electrode 8 with the light-passing hole to irradiate on the surface of the trigger material 10.
The two groups of light splitting lens groups have different light splitting ratios of the light splitting lenses 37, the light splitting ratio of the light splitting lenses 37 in the first group of light splitting lens group is 2:1, and the light splitting ratio of the light splitting lenses 37 in the second group of light splitting lens group is 1: 1.
The working process of the laser-triggered quick-closing vacuum switch is detailed as follows:
the upper connecting terminal 16 and the lower connecting terminal 18 are connected with a bus of an external system, the trigger controller 27 carries out signal transmission with the external system through a communication optical fiber, and the light splitting lens barrel 35 or the collimation focusing lens barrel 41 is fixedly arranged above the upper connecting terminal to ensure that n +1 beams of pulse laser 1 can reliably act on the surface of the trigger material 10; after receiving the system closing instruction, the trigger controller 27 sends an action instruction to the mechanism power supply module 28 and the laser power supply 32 through the communication optical fiber 33;
the laser 31 works in a hot standby state, and after the laser power supply 32 receives an action instruction, the laser 31 is immediately controlled to generate and output a single-beam pulse laser 1, and the pulse laser 1 forms n +1 equivalent parallel pulse lasers 1 after passing through a trigger light path; after being transmitted and focused, the pulse laser 1 acts on the surface of a trigger material 10 on a lower electrode 9 through a high lens 2, an upper hollow conducting rod 5 and an upper electrode 8 with a plurality of light through holes, a large amount of initial plasmas are generated through nanosecond time delay, so that a vacuum gap between the static electrode 8 with the light through holes and the lower electrode 9 is rapidly conducted, and the current on a switch assembly 19 rapidly rises;
after receiving the action instruction, the mechanism power module 28 controls the energy storage capacitor 29 to start discharging at a proper time, changes the discharging current amplitude of the energy storage capacitor 29 to regulate and control the exciting current of the rapid operating mechanism 25, controls the motion tracks of the lower movable conductive rod 11 and the lower electrode 9 in real time, enables the lower electrode 9 and the upper electrode 8 with a plurality of light-passing holes to be closed rapidly and reliably, and completes rapid discharge of residual large current of the pulse power system by using the extremely low contact resistance after the electrodes are contacted; the ablation of the electrode and the trigger material by the large-current arc is reduced, the through-current capacity of the switch is greatly improved, and the service life of the switch is greatly prolonged;
after the system current is discharged, the trigger controller 27 controls the fast operating mechanism 25 to drive the lower electrode 9 to be separated from the upper electrode 8 with a plurality of light through holes through the mechanism power module 28, the initial insulation state of the gap is recovered, and then the mechanism power module 28 is controlled to charge the energy storage capacitor 29 for the next trigger action;
the above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. The laser-triggered quick-closing high-voltage vacuum switch is characterized by comprising an upper wiring terminal (16), an upper insulating support rod (17), a lower wiring terminal (18), a switch assembly (19), a lower insulating support rod (26), a trigger controller (27), a mechanism power module (28), an energy storage capacitor (29), a base (30), a mechanism linkage assembly and a laser triggering system;
the switch component (19) comprises a high-lens sheet (2), an upper end cover flange (3), an upper auxiliary shielding case (4), a hollow upper conducting rod (5), a shielding case (6), an insulating shell (7), a static electrode (8) with a light hole, a lower electrode (9), a trigger material (10), a lower movable conducting rod (11), a corrugated pipe (12), a lower auxiliary shielding case (13), a lower end cover flange (14) and a movable electrode guide rod (15); the shielding cover (6) is cylindrical, and an annular flange is arranged on the outer side of the shielding cover (6); the insulating shell (7) is cylindrical, and the shielding cover (6) is sealed on the inner wall of the insulating shell (7) through an annular flange; the upper end cover flange (3) and the lower end cover flange (14) are of concave shell structures and are respectively arranged at two ends of the insulating shell (7), and through holes are formed in the centers of the upper end cover flange (3) and the lower end cover flange (14); the hollow upper conducting rod (5) and the moving electrode guide rod (15) are both cylindrical, the hollow upper conducting rod (5) is hermetically connected in a through hole of the upper end cover flange (3), and the lower end of the hollow upper conducting rod (5) is positioned in the shielding cover (6); the moving electrode guide rod (15) is arranged in a through hole of the lower end cover flange (14); the high lens sheet (2) is hermetically arranged in a central through hole of the hollow upper conducting rod (5); the band-pass unthreaded hole static electrode (8) is coaxially arranged at the lower end of the hollow upper conductive rod (5) and is positioned inside the shielding case (6), n +1 unthreaded holes are uniformly formed in the region of the band-pass unthreaded hole static electrode (8) corresponding to the central through hole of the hollow upper conductive rod (5), n is a natural number, and the axis of the unthreaded hole is parallel to the axis of the hollow upper conductive rod (5); the lower movable conducting rod (11) is coaxially arranged in the movable electrode guide rod (15), and the upper end of the lower movable conducting rod (11) is positioned in the shielding case (6); the lower electrode (9) is arranged at the upper end of the lower movable conducting rod (11) and is symmetrically arranged in the shielding cover (6) together with the static electrode (8) with the light-passing hole; n +1 trigger materials (10) are arranged at the positions of the lower electrode (9) corresponding to the light through holes of the static electrode (8) with the light through holes, and the trigger materials (10) act with the pulse laser (1) to generate plasma to conduct the vacuum gap between the static electrode (8) with the light through holes and the lower electrode (9); the trigger material (10) is mixed powder of titanium and potassium chloride; the corrugated pipe (12) is sleeved outside the lower movable conducting rod (11), and two ends of the corrugated pipe (12) are respectively connected to the lower movable conducting rod (11) and the lower end cover flange (14) in a sealing mode; the upper auxiliary shielding cover (4) and the lower auxiliary shielding cover (13) are respectively arranged on the inner surface of the upper end cover flange (3) and the inner surface of the lower end cover flange (14), the upper auxiliary shielding cover (4) surrounds the outer part of the hollow upper conducting rod (5), and the lower auxiliary shielding cover (13) surrounds the outer part of the lower movable conducting rod (11) and is used for optimizing the electric field distribution in the gap;
the base (30) is of a hollow box structure, the trigger controller (27), the mechanism power supply module (28) and the energy storage capacitor (29) are installed inside the base (30), the trigger controller (27) serves as a controller for laser triggering to quickly close the high-voltage vacuum switch, the trigger controller (27) is in communication connection with the mechanism power supply module (28), and the mechanism power supply module (28) is in communication connection with the energy storage capacitor (29);
the upper wiring terminal (16) and the lower wiring terminal (18) are both of plate-shaped structures, and a through hole is formed in the center; the lower wiring terminal (18) is fixedly arranged above the base (30) through a plurality of lower insulating support rods (26); the upper wiring terminal (16) is fixedly arranged above the lower wiring terminal (18) through a plurality of upper insulating support rods (17); the switch assembly (19) is clamped and fixed through an upper wiring terminal (16) and a lower wiring terminal (18), the hollow upper conducting rod (5) coaxially penetrates through a through hole of the upper wiring terminal (16), and the upper end cover flange (3) is in equipotential connection with the upper wiring terminal (16); the moving electrode guide rod (15) coaxially penetrates through a through hole of the lower wiring terminal (18), and the lower end cover flange (14) is in equipotential connection with the lower wiring terminal (18);
the mechanism linkage assembly comprises a flexible connection flat cable (20), a wiring row (21), an insulation pull rod (22), an over travel spring (23), an over travel connecting piece (24) and a quick operating mechanism (25); the quick operating mechanism (25) is arranged on the upper part of the base (30); the over-travel connecting piece (24) is arranged at the upper moving end of the quick operating mechanism (25), and the over-travel connecting piece (24) is connected with the insulating pull rod (22) through an over-travel spring (23) and used for adjusting the mechanical motion stability of the quick operating mechanism (25); the wiring bar (21) is a conductive disc and is fixedly arranged between the insulating pull rod (22) and the lower movable conductive rod (11); the wiring bar (21) is fixedly connected with the lower wiring terminal (18) through a flexible connection flat cable (20) and is used for conducting large current on the switch assembly (19);
the laser triggering system comprises a laser (31), a laser power supply (32), a communication optical fiber (33) and a triggering optical path, wherein the triggering optical path is divided into a space optical triggering optical path and an energy optical fiber triggering optical path and is selected according to conditions; the laser power supply (32) is in communication connection with the trigger controller (27) through a communication optical fiber (33), and the trigger controller (27) sends an instruction to the laser power supply (32) to control the laser (31) to output pulse laser (1);
the space light trigger system comprises a sealing lens (34), a light splitting lens barrel (35), an n-group light splitting lens group consisting of a total reflection lens (36) and a light splitting lens (37), and n +1 focusing lenses (38); the light splitting lens barrel (35) is a hollow cylinder, a through hole is formed in the center of the upper end face of the light splitting lens barrel, a sealing lens (34) is installed at the through hole of the upper end face, n +1 through holes are formed in the lower end face of the light splitting lens barrel, and n +1 focusing lenses (38) are installed at the through hole of the lower end face of the light splitting lens barrel; the light splitting lens barrel (35) is arranged on the upper part of the upper wiring terminal (16), and the focusing lens (38) is aligned with a light through hole on the static electrode (8) with the light through hole; after the pulse laser (1) output by the laser (31) is transmitted by space light, the pulse laser is input into the light splitting lens barrel through a sealing lens (34) along the axial lead of the light splitting lens barrel (35), and the laser (31) and the light splitting lens barrel (35) are insulated; each group of total reflection lens (36) and the light splitting lens (37) are arranged in the light splitting lens barrel (35) in parallel; an included angle between the light splitting lens (37) of the first lens group and the pulse laser (1) penetrating through the sealing lens (34) is 45 degrees, the pulse laser (1) irradiates on the light splitting lens (37) and then is divided into two paths of pulse lasers (1), one path of pulse lasers penetrates through the light splitting lens (37) and is in the same direction as the original pulse laser (1), the other path of pulse lasers is irradiated on the total reflection lens (36) after 90-degree deflection, and the pulse laser (1) irradiated on the total reflection lens (36) is in the same direction as the original pulse laser (1) after 90-degree secondary deflection; the other n-1 lens groups which are arranged according to requirements are sequentially arranged, each lens group converts single-path pulse laser (1) into two paths of pulse laser (1) in the same direction, the n lens groups convert the single-path pulse laser (1) into n +1 paths of pulse laser (1), and the n +1 paths of pulse laser (1) sequentially penetrate through the focusing lens (38), the high lens (2) and the band-pass light hole static electrode (8) to irradiate the surface of the trigger material (10);
the energy optical fiber triggering system comprises a sealing lens (34), n groups of light splitting lens groups, n +1 focusing lenses (38), an optical fiber coupling lens barrel (39), n +1 energy optical fibers (40), a collimation focusing lens barrel (41), n +1 collimation lenses (42) and n +1 optical fiber focusing lenses (43); the optical fiber coupling lens barrel (39) is hollow and cylindrical, a through hole is formed in the center of the upper end face of the optical fiber coupling lens barrel and used for installing a sealing lens (34), and n +1 through holes are formed in the lower end face of the optical fiber coupling lens barrel and used for inserting an energy optical fiber (40); the optical fiber coupling lens barrel (39) is arranged at a laser outlet of the laser (31), the axis of the optical fiber coupling lens barrel (39) is overlapped with the pulse laser (1) output by the laser (31), and the pulse laser (1) penetrates through the sealing lens (34) and enters the optical fiber coupling lens barrel (39); the light splitting lens group is the same as the light splitting lens group of the space light triggering system, and also comprises a total reflection lens (36) and a light splitting lens (37), wherein the total reflection lens (36) and the light splitting lens (37) are arranged in the optical fiber coupling lens barrel (39) in parallel; an included angle between the light splitting lens (37) of the first lens group and the pulse laser (1) penetrating through the sealing lens (34) is 45 degrees, the pulse laser (1) irradiates on the light splitting lens (37) and then is divided into two paths of pulse lasers (1), one path of pulse lasers penetrates through the light splitting lens (37) and is in the same direction as the original pulse laser (1), the other path of pulse lasers is irradiated on the total reflection lens (36) after 90-degree deflection, and the pulse laser (1) irradiated on the total reflection lens (36) is in the same direction as the original pulse laser (1) after 90-degree secondary deflection; the other n-1 lens groups which are arranged according to requirements are sequentially arranged, each lens group converts the single-path pulse laser (1) into two paths of pulse laser (1) in the same direction, the n lens groups convert the single-path pulse laser (1) into n +1 paths of pulse laser (1), the n +1 paths of pulse laser (1) are focused by corresponding focusing lenses (38) and then coupled and input into n +1 energy optical fibers (40), and the pulse laser (1) is transmitted through the energy optical fibers; the collimating focusing lens barrel (41) is a hollow cylinder, two ends of the collimating focusing lens barrel are respectively provided with n +1 through holes, the through hole at one end is used for inserting an energy optical fiber (40), the inner side of the through hole at the other end is hermetically provided with an optical fiber focusing lens (43), the collimating focusing lens barrel (41) is arranged at the upper part of the upper wiring terminal (16), and the through hole of the collimating focusing lens barrel (41) is aligned with the through hole on the static electrode (8) with the light hole; the protective tube of the energy optical fiber (40) is made of insulating materials, one end of the optical fiber is inserted in the through hole of the optical fiber coupling lens cone (39), and the other end of the optical fiber is inserted in the through hole of the end face of the collimation focusing lens cone (41); the collimating lens (42) is arranged in the collimating and focusing lens barrel (41), and the collimating lens (42) is aligned with the optical fiber focusing lens (43); after being input into a collimating focusing lens barrel (41), multi-channel pulse laser (1) transmitted by n +1 energy optical fibers (40) is collimated and focused by a collimating lens (42) and an optical fiber focusing lens (43) and then output, and the multi-channel pulse laser sequentially passes through a high lens sheet (2) and a static electrode (8) with a light-passing hole and irradiates the surface of a trigger material (10).
2. The laser-triggered fast-closing high-voltage vacuum switch according to claim 1, wherein the splitting proportion of the splitting lens (37) in the n splitting lens groups is n:1, (n-1):1, (n-2):1 · 2:1, 1:1 in sequence from top to bottom, and the pulse laser (1) entering the lens barrel is evenly divided into n +1 parallel pulse lasers (1).
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