CN110212755B - Transmission line isolated form linear transformer driving source - Google Patents
Transmission line isolated form linear transformer driving source Download PDFInfo
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- CN110212755B CN110212755B CN201910554116.2A CN201910554116A CN110212755B CN 110212755 B CN110212755 B CN 110212755B CN 201910554116 A CN201910554116 A CN 201910554116A CN 110212755 B CN110212755 B CN 110212755B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/06—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider
- H02M3/07—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider using capacitors charged and discharged alternately by semiconductor devices with control electrode, e.g. charge pumps
- H02M3/073—Charge pumps of the Schenkel-type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/06—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider
- H02M3/07—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider using capacitors charged and discharged alternately by semiconductor devices with control electrode, e.g. charge pumps
- H02M3/073—Charge pumps of the Schenkel-type
- H02M3/077—Charge pumps of the Schenkel-type with parallel connected charge pump stages
Abstract
The invention relates to a transmission line isolation type linear transformer driving source which comprises a switched capacitor primary energy module, an isolation transmission line and an induction voltage superposition module; the switched capacitor primary energy source module comprises M primary energy source boxes which are arranged in parallel, and N switched capacitor modules are connected in parallel in each primary energy source box; all the high-voltage gas switches in the N switched capacitor modules are synchronously triggered in parallel by one trigger signal; the induced voltage superposition module comprises M-level annular induction cavities which are arranged in series; a magnetic core and N radial transmission lines which are uniformly distributed along the circumference are arranged in each stage of annular induction cavity; the invention solves the problems of reduced breakdown performance and large maintenance workload caused by the arrangement of the switch in the induction cavity in the existing LTD technology by separating the switch capacitor primary energy module and the induction voltage superposition module, and also solves the problem that the Thor type device can not realize voltage superposition.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of pulse power technology and high voltage technology, and particularly relates to a transmission line isolated type linear transformer driving source.
Background
Realization of high power Z-ping by Linear Transformer Driver (LTD) is a recent trendInternational frontier research field[1]. This is because the LTD technology can output a high-current high-voltage fast pulse by the inductive superposition principle without playing any pulse compression section, compared to the conventional pulse power technology. The device has the advantages of compact structure, modularization, high repetition frequency operation, adjustable output waveform, strong fault-tolerant capability and the like.
Current LTD studies are represented by russian institute of intense electron electronics (HCEI) and the san diese laboratory of america (SNL), and middle, french, and english are also being studied at the same time.
The HCEI is successfully developed in 2004 into LTDZ with 1MA/100kV and 70ns rise time[3]. With the cooperation of the HCEI, the usnl built an Ursa Minor device in 2010 in the united states[4]. The device adopts 21-stage LTD series connection, totally uses 210 switches and 420 capacitors, and realizes the voltage output of 2MV on a 30-ohm load when charging +/-90 kV. At the same time, SNL also introduces 500kA of HCEI[5]And 1MA LTD module[6]At present, a 500kV,1MA MYKKONOSV device with 5-stage LTD series connection is established[7]The number of switches used is 200. A10-level LTDR device is built by the CEA of the French atomic energy department, and pulse output of 170kA/1.1MV and 92ns of full width at half maximum is obtained on a 6-ohm load[8]. The device uses 160 switches and 320 capacitors in common. The uk atomic energy weapons research institute, in cooperation with HCEI and france, has successfully developed a full air insulated 17-stage LTD device to replace its existing Mevex device. The LTD uses 34 multi-stage multi-channel switches, and the typical output parameter is 35kA/800kV[9]. The chinese institute of engineering and physics developed a 10-stage series LTD device using 100 switches and 200 capacitors. When the device is charged with +/-85 kV, the load current is about 116kA, the voltage is about 1.1MV, the voltage leading edge is about 53ns, and the pulse width is 146ns[10]. From 2000, LTD modules of 300kA/100ns, 700kA/140ns and 800kA/100ns were developed successively by the technical institute of northwest China. A7-grade LTDR series device and computer-controlled auxiliary systems for demagnetization, charging, triggering, switching and ventilation are successfully developed in 2013[11]. The device uses 168 switches and 336 capacitors in total.
High voltage gas switching is a critical element in LTD devices that determines their stability and lifetime. In the existing LTD technical scheme, switches are sealed in an induction cavity, almost the whole device needs to be disassembled for maintaining the switches, and the maintenance cost is very high. The service life of a single high-voltage switch with excellent performance is tens of thousands of times, and the breakdown performance of the high-voltage switch is reduced due to the change of complex boundary conditions after the high-voltage switch is placed in an LTD closed metal cavity, so that the high-voltage switch cannot achieve the test performance under an open condition.
The number of LTD device switches is currently and most are under 500. However, the purpose is to take the example of the Z-ping inertial confinement fusion drive source designed by SNL in the United states: the scheme plans to adopt 210 LTDs in parallel, each of 60 1MA LTD modules is connected in series, each LTD module contains 40 switches, and the peak voltage current is 24MV and 68MA respectively. According to the calculation, the switch scale of the LTD device for nuclear fusion driving can reach more than 50 thousands. Compared with the prior art, the requirement of the number of switches is improved by more than 3 orders of magnitude, and the large-scale switch synchronization, triggering and maintenance cause great challenges to the stability of the system.
SNL proposed a novel large current source Thor to be used in material physical experiment in 2015[12]. The device uses a 200kV transmission line to feed the current generated by 288 primary capacitors to a load in parallel, and relies on a large current to generate 100GPa pressure. The primary power supply and the current convergence unit of the Thor are isolated, and the advantage that a primary capacitor and a switch are isolated from a secondary load is brought although the primary power supply and the current convergence unit are designed for increasing the current, so that the switch can be conveniently and uniformly maintained. However, while the Thor device can shunt primary currents to generate large currents, it does not have the capability of voltage superposition. The load output voltage is about 100kV, and the voltage requirement of the inertia constraint accumulation variable MV cannot be met.
The references cited above are as follows:
【1】Stygar W A,Cuneo M E,Headley D I,et al.Architecture of petawatt-class z-pinch accelerators[J].Physical Review Special Topics-Accelerators andBeams,2007,10(3):030401.
【2】Woodworth J R,Fowler W E,Stoltzfus B S,et al.Compact 810kA lineartransformer driver cavity[J].Physical Review Special Topics-Accelerators andBeams,2011,14(4):040401.
【3】Kim A A,Bastrikov A N,Volkov S N,et al.100GW fast LTD stage[C]//Proc.13th Int.Symp.High Current Electron.2004:141-144.
【4】Leckbee J,Cordova S,Oliver B,et al.Linear transformer driver(LTD)research for radiographic applications[C]//Pulsed Power Conference(PPC),2011IEEE.IEEE,2011:614-618.
【5】Mazarakis M G,Fowler W E,Kim A A,et al.High current,0.5-MA,fast,100-ns,linear transformer driver experiments[J].Physical Review SpecialTopics-Accelerators and Beams,2009,12(5):050401.
【6】Mazarakis M G,Fowler W E,LeChien K L,et al.High-current lineartransformer driver development at Sandia National Laboratories[J].IEEETransactions on Plasma Science,2010,38(4):704-713.
【7】Mazarakis M G,Cuneo M E,Fowler W E,et al.Z driver post-holeconvolute studies utilizing MYKONOS-V voltage adder[C]//Pulsed PowerConference(PPC),2013 19th IEEE.IEEE,2013:1-7.
【8】Bayol F,Cubaynes F,Delplanque R,et al.Development of a 1 MV ultra-fast LTD generator[C]//Pulsed Power Conference(PPC),2011 IEEE.IEEE,2011:619-624.
【9】Bayol F,Calvignac J,Delplanque R,et al.Development and test of a～800kV,～35 kA air insulated LTD pulser for radiography application[C]//PulsedPower Conference(PPC),2015IEEE.IEEE,2015:1-6.
【10】 Chenlin, Wangmeng, Zhongshikang et al, research on the driving source technology of the fast pulse linear transformer has advanced [ J ] high voltage technology, 2015,41(6): 1798-.
【11】 Sunpeng, Qiuie, Weihao, et al flash photography fast discharge linear transformer pulse source was developed [ J ] modern application physics 2015,6(4): 233-.
【12】Reisman,D.B.,et al.Pulsed power accelerator for material physicsexperiments.Physical Review Special Topics-Accelerators and Beams 18.9(2015):090401.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a transmission line isolation type linear transformer driving source which can solve the problems that breakdown performance is reduced and maintenance workload is large due to the fact that a switch is arranged in an induction cavity in the existing LTD technology, and meanwhile, the problem that voltage superposition cannot be achieved by a Thor type device is solved.
The specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a transmission line isolation type linear transformer driving source which comprises a switched capacitor primary energy module, an isolation transmission line and an induction voltage superposition module;
the switched capacitor primary energy source module comprises M primary energy source boxes which are arranged in parallel, and N switched capacitor modules are connected in parallel in each primary energy source box;
each switched-capacitor module comprises a first capacitor, a second capacitor and a high-voltage gas switch; the high-voltage gas switch is positioned between the first capacitor and the second capacitor; all the high-voltage gas switches in the N switched capacitor modules are synchronously triggered in parallel by one trigger signal;
the induced voltage superposition module comprises M-level annular induction cavities which are arranged in series;
a magnetic core and N radial transmission lines which are uniformly distributed along the circumference are arranged in each stage of annular induction cavity;
n switch capacitor modules in the K-th primary energy source box are connected with one ends of N radial transmission lines in the K-th annular induction cavity through N isolation transmission lines respectively, and the other ends of the N radial transmission lines are connected with the inner wall of the annular induction cavity.
Furthermore, one side electrode of the first capacitor is connected with the inner wall of the box body of the primary energy box, and the other side electrode of the first capacitor is connected with the high-voltage gas switch; one side electrode of the second capacitor is connected with the high-voltage gas switch, and the other side electrode of the second capacitor is connected with the isolation transmission line.
Further, the isolated transmission line comprises an isolated transmission line inner conductor and an isolated transmission line outer conductor; one end of the inner conductor of the isolation transmission line is connected with one side electrode of the second capacitor, and the other end of the inner conductor of the isolation transmission line is connected with the radial transmission line; one end of the isolation transmission line outer conductor is connected with the outer wall of the primary energy box, and the other end of the isolation transmission line outer conductor is connected with the outer wall of the annular induction cavity.
Furthermore, the impedance at the connection position of one end of the inner conductor of the isolation transmission line and one side electrode of the second capacitor and the impedance of the isolation transmission line are matched with the impedance of the switched capacitor module, and the following relation is satisfied:
wherein: zLCIs the impedance of a switched-capacitor module, ZSCFor isolating the impedance, Z, at the junction of one end of the inner conductor of the transmission line and one side electrode of the second capacitorTLIn order to isolate the impedance of the transmission line, L is the inductance of the switched-capacitor module, C is the total capacitance of the first capacitor and the second capacitor after being connected in series, and R is the total resistance of the capacitor, the high-voltage gas switch and the high-voltage gas switch in the switched-capacitor module.
Further, the operating voltage of the high-voltage gas switch is higher than twice the charging voltage, and the high-voltage gas switch is a trigger switch.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, the high-voltage gas switch and the capacitor are moved out of the induction cavity by adopting a mode of isolating the switched capacitor primary energy module from the induction voltage superposition module, so that the influence of a narrow space in the induction cavity on the breakdown performance of the gas switch is reduced, and the breakdown performance of the switch is improved.
2. The invention adopts the mode of isolating the switched capacitor primary energy module from the induction voltage superposition module, greatly improves the maintainability of the linear transformer driving source, does not need to open the induction cavity when the high-voltage gas switch and the capacitor are damaged, can be directly maintained through the primary energy box, and greatly reduces the maintenance workload.
3. The structure of the invention can obviously reduce the impedance of the driving source of the linear transformer, improve the current of the single-stage induction cavity, and the size of the isolation transmission line is far smaller than that of the switched capacitor module.
4. The structure of the invention reduces the volume of the induction cavity, the external diameter size of the induction cavity is not limited by the number and the size of the capacitors any more, and the size of the device can be effectively reduced.
5. The structure of the device improves the modularization level of the device, and the primary energy module is isolated from the induced voltage superposition module, so that the change of current parameters only needs to change the number of capacitors in the primary energy box, and the device is convenient to be applied to different scenes.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a switched capacitor primary energy module.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a primary energy source box.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an induced voltage superposition module.
Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a single stage induced voltage superposition module.
The reference numbers are as follows:
1-primary energy box, 2-switch capacitance module, 3-first capacitor, 4-second capacitor, 5-high voltage gas switch, 6-trigger signal, 7-isolation transmission line, 71-isolation transmission line inner conductor, 72-isolation transmission line outer conductor, 8-annular induction cavity, 9-magnetic core and 10-radial transmission line.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
the transmission line isolation type linear transformer driving source comprises a switched capacitor primary energy module, an isolation transmission line and an induction voltage superposition module;
as shown in fig. 1, the switched capacitor primary energy module includes M-stage primary energy boxes 1 connected in parallel, one path of trigger voltage is introduced into each primary energy box 1, and the trigger voltage timing sequence of each stage of primary energy box 1 is controlled by the length of the trigger transmission line.
As shown in fig. 2, each primary energy box 1 contains N switched capacitor modules 2. Each switched capacitor module 2 comprises a first capacitor 3, a second capacitor 4 and a high voltage gas switch 5, the high voltage gas switch 5 is located between the first capacitor 3 and the first capacitor 4, and the N high voltage gas switches 5 are synchronously triggered in parallel by a trigger signal 6. One side electrode of the first capacitor 3 in each switched capacitor module 2 is connected with the outer wall of the primary energy box 1 to serve as a ground electrode, the other side of the first capacitor is connected with the high-voltage gas switch 5, the left side electrode of the first capacitor 4 is connected with the high-voltage gas switch 5, and the right side electrode of the first capacitor is connected with the isolation transmission line 7.
One point to be emphasized is: the impedance of the connection part of one end of the inner conductor of the isolation transmission line and one side electrode of the second capacitor and the impedance of the isolation transmission line are matched with the impedance of the switch capacitor module, and the relationship is satisfied:
wherein: zLCIs the impedance of a switched-capacitor module, ZSCFor isolating the impedance, Z, at the junction of one end of the inner conductor of the transmission line and one side electrode of the second capacitorTLIn order to isolate the impedance of the transmission line, L is the inductance of the switched-capacitor module, C is the total capacitance of the first capacitor and the second capacitor after being connected in series, and R is the total resistance of the capacitor, the high-voltage gas switch and the high-voltage gas switch in the switched-capacitor module.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the induced voltage superposition module includes M-stage annular induction cavities 8, and the M-stage annular induction cavities 8 are arranged in series; a magnetic core 9 (the magnetic core 9 is fixed in the annular induction cavity 8 through an insulating medium of the annular induction cavity) and N radial transmission lines 10 are arranged in each stage of annular induction cavity 8; the N switched capacitor modules 2 in the K-th primary energy box 1 are respectively connected with one ends (the upper ends in the figure 4) of N radial transmission lines 10 in a K-th annular induction cavity 8 through N isolation transmission lines 7, and the other ends (the lower ends in the figure 4 are connected with the inner wall) of the N radial transmission lines 10;
each isolated transmission line 7 includes an isolated transmission line inner conductor 71 and an isolated transmission line outer conductor 72; each radial transmission line 10 comprises an inner side and an outer side. The specific connection mode of the isolated transmission lines is as follows:
one end of each of the N isolation transmission line outer conductors 72 is connected with the outer wall of a certain primary energy box 1 to serve as a ground electrode, the other end of each of the N isolation transmission line outer conductors 72 is connected with the outer wall of a corresponding annular induction cavity 8, one end of each of the N isolation transmission line inner conductors 71 is connected with all first capacitors 4 in the certain primary energy box 1, the other end of each of the isolation transmission line inner conductors 71 is connected with one end of each of the N radial transmission lines 10, and the other end of each of the N radial transmission lines 10 is connected with the inner wall of the annular induction cavity 8. The N radial transmission lines 10 are uniformly distributed in the annular induction cavity 8 along the circumferential direction.
The working principle and the working process of the device are explained as follows: all capacitors in the switched capacitor primary energy modules are charged by a parallel positive and negative charging method, the first capacitor 3 of each switched capacitor module 2 is negatively charged, and the first capacitor 4 is positively charged. The N high-voltage gas switches 5 in the single-stage primary energy box 1 are synchronously triggered and conducted by the trigger. The voltage output of the first capacitor 4 changes from a low voltage potential to a high voltage potential after the switch is turned on, generating twice the charging voltage. High voltage generated by each stage of switched capacitor module 2 is transmitted to the induction voltage superposition module through the isolation transmission line 7, and N high voltages generated by each stage of switched capacitor module 2 synchronously reach the annular induction cavity 8 of the corresponding stage. N high voltages are evenly fed into the induction cavity from the circumference through a radial transmission line 10 of the annular induction cavity 8, so that the purpose of current superposition is achieved. The voltage pulse generated by the previous stage is transmitted by the radial transmission line in the induction cavity, and when the voltage pulse is transmitted to the next stage, the voltage pulse is superposed with the induced voltage wave of the previous stage to achieve the purpose of voltage superposition. The length of the trigger transmission line of the primary energy box of different stages is adjusted to enable the electric pulse transmission delay to be equal to the electric pulse transmission delay of the adjacent two stages of induction cavities, so that the voltages can be effectively superposed. In the ideal case, a current of a factor N and a charging voltage pulse of a factor 2M can be finally obtained at a matched load.
In summary, the transmission line isolated linear transformer driving source (LTD) provided by the invention overcomes the defect that the switch capacitor module in the conventional LTD is in the sensing cavity, can realize the unified management of the switch capacitor module, and significantly reduces the impedance of the LTD device, improves the current magnitude and the switch triggering performance of the LTD device, reduces the volume of the sensing cavity, and greatly improves the maintainability of the accelerator. Meanwhile, the voltage superposition device can overcome the defect that the voltage of a Thor type device cannot be superposed, and the output voltage of the device is obviously improved.
Claims (5)
1. A transmission line isolated form linear transformer driving source which characterized in that:
the device comprises a switched capacitor primary energy module, an isolation transmission line and an induction voltage superposition module;
the switched capacitor primary energy source module comprises M primary energy source boxes which are arranged in parallel, and N switched capacitor modules are connected in parallel in each primary energy source box;
each switched-capacitor module comprises a first capacitor, a second capacitor and a high-voltage gas switch; the high-voltage gas switch is positioned between the first capacitor and the second capacitor; all the high-voltage gas switches in the N switched capacitor modules are synchronously triggered in parallel by one trigger signal;
the induced voltage superposition module comprises M-level annular induction cavities which are arranged in series;
a magnetic core and N radial transmission lines which are uniformly distributed along the circumference are arranged in each stage of annular induction cavity;
n switch capacitor modules in the K-th primary energy source box are connected with one ends of N radial transmission lines in the K-th annular induction cavity through N isolation transmission lines respectively, and the other ends of the N radial transmission lines are connected with the inner wall of the annular induction cavity.
2. The transmission line isolated type linear transformer driving source according to claim 1, characterized in that: one side electrode of the first capacitor is connected with the inner wall of the box body of the primary energy box, and the other side electrode of the first capacitor is connected with the high-voltage gas switch; one side electrode of the second capacitor is connected with the high-voltage gas switch, and the other side electrode of the second capacitor is connected with the isolation transmission line.
3. The transmission line isolated type linear transformer driving source according to claim 2, characterized in that: the isolated transmission line comprises an isolated transmission line inner conductor and an isolated transmission line outer conductor; one end of the inner conductor of the isolation transmission line is connected with one side electrode of the second capacitor, and the other end of the inner conductor of the isolation transmission line is connected with the radial transmission line; one end of the isolation transmission line outer conductor is connected with the outer wall of the primary energy box, and the other end of the isolation transmission line outer conductor is connected with the outer wall of the annular induction cavity.
4. The transmission line isolated type linear transformer driving source according to claim 3, characterized in that: the impedance of the connection part of one end of the inner conductor of the isolation transmission line and one side electrode of the second capacitor and the impedance of the isolation transmission line are matched with the impedance of the switch capacitor module, and the relationship is satisfied:
wherein: zLCIs the impedance of a switched-capacitor module, ZSCFor isolating the impedance, Z, at the junction of one end of the inner conductor of the transmission line and one side electrode of the second capacitorTLIn order to isolate the impedance of the transmission line, L is the inductance of the switched-capacitor module, C is the total capacitance of the first capacitor and the second capacitor after being connected in series, and R is the total resistance of the capacitor, the high-voltage gas switch and the high-voltage gas switch in the switched-capacitor module.
5. The transmission line isolated type linear transformer driving source according to claim 1, characterized in that: the high voltage gas switch operating voltage is higher than twice the charging voltage and the high voltage gas switch is a trigger switch.
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