CN110970692B - Metal-air battery and use method thereof - Google Patents
Metal-air battery and use method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110970692B CN110970692B CN201911290354.3A CN201911290354A CN110970692B CN 110970692 B CN110970692 B CN 110970692B CN 201911290354 A CN201911290354 A CN 201911290354A CN 110970692 B CN110970692 B CN 110970692B
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- negative electrode
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940099259 vaseline Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 25
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 23
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 13
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 8
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M12/04—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type
- H01M12/06—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
- H01M8/04302—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Hybrid Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a metal-air battery and a use method thereof, belonging to the technical field of physical chemistry of parking management of metal-air batteries. The lithium ion battery comprises a negative electrode chamber, a negative electrode, a positive electrode chamber, a positive electrode and electrolyte, wherein the side wall of the positive electrode chamber is embedded with the positive electrode, and the positive electrode is electrically connected with a positive electrode terminal; a partition plate is arranged between the positive electrode chamber and the negative electrode chamber, a gap is arranged between the partition plate and the bottom of the positive electrode chamber, a grid plate is arranged perpendicular to the partition plate and above the bottom of the negative electrode chamber, a negative electrode is arranged on the grid plate, and the negative electrode is electrically connected with a negative electrode terminal; the positive electrode chamber is a space with an open top, and the top of the negative electrode chamber is provided with an upper cover. The invention can make the metal cathode contact with the electrolyte in the working state of the battery and separate in the non-working state, thereby effectively solving the problem of shutdown corrosion of the metal-air battery.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of physical chemistry of metal-air battery parking management, in particular to a metal-air battery and a use method thereof.
Background
With the aggravation of energy crisis and the deterioration of ecological environment, the sustainable development of energy is receiving greater attention. At present, the rapid development of the new energy automobile industry, and the automobile power battery technology has become a hot spot for research by scientific researchers in various countries. Compared with the lithium batteries which are used more at present, the metal-air battery has the advantages of high electrochemical equivalent, abundant resources, low price and the like, and is considered as a potential automobile power battery.
The working principle of the metal-air battery is that in the discharging process, a metal cathode is oxidized, electrons flow to an anode through an external circuit, and oxygen captures electrons at the air electrode to generate OH - through a reduction reaction, so that electric energy is released.
One factor that currently greatly restricts the development of metal-air batteries is the problem of shutdown corrosion of the metal-air batteries. Since the metal-air battery is an active metal, the active metal is extremely unstable in an acidic electrolyte and can be corroded by the electrolyte to release hydrogen, and the utilization efficiency is too low, the electrolyte of the metal-air battery is generally an alkaline solution, but the active metal is subjected to hydrogen evolution corrosion in the acidic solution, and hydrogen evolution corrosion can also occur in the alkaline solution, for example, aluminum, zinc and the like of a cathode of a battery with relatively large research on the metal-air battery at present, the hydrogen evolution corrosion reaction formula of aluminum, zinc in alkali is shown as ：2Al+2OH-+2H2O＝2AlO2 -+3H2↑,Zn+2OH-+2H2O＝[Zn(OH)4]2-+H2↑., and although the hydrogen evolution corrosion of the active metal in alkali is not as intense as the hydrogen evolution corrosion in acid, the hydrogen evolution corrosion still exists, particularly the hydrogen evolution corrosion of the metal cathode still occurs in a shutdown state, which can lead to large electric quantity loss of the battery, short service life and extremely limit the use of the metal-air battery. The prior art has also made much research in an effort to overcome this problem.
Through searching, the Chinese patent application number is 200420054710.4, and the patent application document of the application publication date is 29 of 2006, 3 month discloses a hydraulic control open aluminum-air battery device. The aluminum-air battery device is formed by connecting an electrolyte inlet and outlet at the bottom of an open battery with an electrolyte pump and a liquid storage tank in an electrolyte control system through an electrolyte pipeline; the battery groove of the open battery is provided with an aluminum electrode at a certain gap away from the bottom, the air electrode is arranged above the aluminum electrode, and a certain gap is reserved between the bottom of the open battery groove and the aluminum electrode as well as between the bottom of the open battery groove and the air electrode. According to the utility model, the operation or stop of the open battery can be controlled by injecting or extracting the electrolyte, so that the discharge of the reaction associated gas does not influence the operation of the battery; the aluminum electrode is exposed to air when the battery is not in operation and completely separated from the electrolyte, so that the self-corrosion reaction of the aluminum electrode in the electrolyte is stopped. However, the battery needs to pump or input electrolyte to solve the problem of hydrogen evolution corrosion of aluminum when the battery is stopped, so that the battery not only wastes power, but also has a complex structure and has difficulty in installation.
The solution adopted at present is to provide a film between the negative electrode and the positive electrode of the battery, and both sides are full of electrolyte when the battery is in use, and once the battery stops using, the side closest to the metal is washed away by oil, and at this time, the oil plays a role in protecting the metal. When the battery needs to be reused, the electrolyte will replace the oil. Since the metal repels oil in the water, no oil remains in the water at this time.
For example, chinese patent application number 201811009500.6, published application number 2019, 01, 08 discloses a system and method for avoiding metal-air fuel cell shutdown corrosion. The patent system comprises: the battery cavity is internally provided with an air anode and a metal cathode which are arranged at intervals, and is provided with a first electrolyte inlet, a first protection liquid inlet, a first electrolyte outlet and a first protection liquid outlet; the electrolyte storage device is provided with a second electrolyte inlet and a second electrolyte outlet, the second electrolyte inlet is connected with the first electrolyte outlet, and the second electrolyte outlet is connected with the first electrolyte inlet; the protection liquid storage device is provided with a second protection liquid inlet and a second protection liquid outlet, the second protection liquid inlet is connected with the first protection liquid outlet, and the second protection liquid outlet is connected with the first protection liquid inlet. The system avoids the self-corrosion of the metal cathode of the metal air fuel cell in the shutdown state, can freely switch the working-shutdown state of the cell, and remarkably prolongs the service life of the metal air fuel cell. However, the metal-air battery of the method has a complex structure, increases the volume and cost of the battery, and is unfavorable for the commercialization and popularization of the metal-air battery as an automobile power battery.
Therefore, in order to solve the problem of hydrogen evolution corrosion of the metal-air battery in the electrolyte, the problem to be solved is urgent in the industry.
Disclosure of Invention
1. Problems to be solved
The invention provides a metal-air battery, which aims to solve the problem that the scheme of the existing air battery for dealing with hydrogen evolution corrosion of a metal electrode is too complex.
The invention also provides a using method of the metal-air battery, and aims to avoid hydrogen evolution corrosion during battery shutdown and improve the service life of the metal-air battery.
2. Technical proposal
In order to solve the problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme.
A metal-air battery comprises a negative electrode chamber, a negative electrode, a positive electrode chamber, a positive electrode and electrolyte, wherein the side wall of the positive electrode chamber is embedded with the positive electrode, and the positive electrode is electrically connected with a positive electrode terminal; a partition plate is arranged between the positive electrode chamber and the negative electrode chamber, a gap is formed between the partition plate and the bottom of the positive electrode chamber, the partition plate is flush with the top of the positive electrode chamber, a grid plate is arranged perpendicular to the partition plate and above the bottom of the negative electrode chamber, namely the partition plate separates the positive electrode chamber from the negative electrode chamber, and the bottoms of the positive electrode chamber and the negative electrode chamber are communicated through the grid plate; the grid plate is provided with a negative electrode, and the negative electrode is electrically connected with a negative electrode wiring terminal; the positive electrode chamber is a space with an open top, the positive electrode can penetrate through the outer wall and the inner wall of the positive electrode chamber, the positive electrode can be only inlaid on the outer wall of the positive electrode chamber, and the top of the negative electrode chamber is provided with an upper cover.
Further, the tops of the positive electrode chamber and the negative electrode chamber are sealed by breathable waterproof films, wherein the upper cover of the negative electrode chamber can be covered above the breathable waterproof film at the top end of the negative electrode chamber, and the breathable waterproof film seals the opening of the two electrode chamber, so that electrolyte in the electrode chamber cannot permeate the breathable waterproof film, but external air can permeate the breathable waterproof film to enter the two electrode chamber.
Further, the top of anodal room and negative pole room all is equipped with the roof, is equipped with a plurality of gas pocket on the roof of two polar rooms respectively, be equipped with ventilative waterproof membrane in the gas pocket and seal the gas pocket, ventilative waterproof membrane inlays through the binder and fixes on the gas pocket inner wall for electrolyte in the polar room can not permeate ventilative waterproof membrane, but outside air can permeate ventilative waterproof membrane entering two polar rooms.
Further, the breathable waterproof membrane is made of polytetrafluoroethylene.
Further, the edge of the upper cover is provided with a circle of sealing part so as to realize the sealing of the top of the negative electrode chamber, and the further purpose is that when the upper cover is covered on the negative electrode chamber, external air cannot enter the negative electrode chamber.
Further, the sealing part is a rubber ring or vaseline, when the sealing part is the vaseline, a circle of vaseline is smeared on the edge of the upper cover, and when the sealing part is the rubber ring, the sealing part is fixed on the edge of the upper cover.
Further, the upper cover is provided with a convex ring at the inner ring of the sealing part, the convex ring is provided with a first bulge, the inner wall of the negative electrode chamber is provided with a second bulge matched and clamped with the first bulge, wherein when the upper cover is closed, the convex ring is matched and contacted with the inner wall of the negative electrode chamber, the first bulge is positioned below the second bulge, the upper surface and the lower surface of the first bulge and the lower surface of the second bulge are arc-shaped, so that the first bulge and the second bulge are convenient to slide mutually when clamped, the first bulge can slide to the lower part of the second bulge along the second bulge under the action of external force, and the first bulge slides to leave the lower part of the second bulge along the second bulge under the action of external force.
Further, the positive electrode is one of a graphite electrode, a manganese dioxide electrode or a metal platinum electrode.
Further, the negative electrode is one of a zinc electrode, a magnesium electrode or an aluminum electrode.
Further, the electrolyte is one or more of an acidic solution, an alkaline solution or a neutral solution.
The application method for avoiding shutdown corrosion based on the metal-air battery comprises the following steps:
S1, when the battery is discharged, opening an upper cover, wherein the upper parts of the positive electrode chamber and the negative electrode chamber are communicated with air, the air pressure at two sides is the same, so that electrolyte in the positive electrode chamber flows into the negative electrode chamber, the negative electrode contacts with the electrolyte, the electrolyte in the two electrode chambers is positioned on the same horizontal plane, the positive electrode and the negative electrode are subjected to discharge reaction under the action of the electrolyte, and the battery is in a working state;
And S2, when the battery is stopped, the upper cover is closed, so that the opening of the negative electrode chamber is sealed, the negative electrode in the negative electrode chamber reacts with the electrolyte to generate hydrogen, namely the hydrogen is arranged in the negative electrode chamber, the air is communicated above the positive electrode chamber, the electrolyte in the negative electrode chamber is hydraulically moved to the positive electrode chamber by utilizing the pressure difference between the hydrogen and the air until the electrolyte is not contacted with the negative electrode any more, namely the hydrogen evolution corrosion of the negative electrode and the electrolyte is stopped, and the battery is in a stop state.
3. Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) According to the metal-air battery disclosed by the invention, the principle of a 'start-up generator' is utilized, so that a metal negative electrode is contacted with electrolyte in a battery working state and separated in a non-working state, thereby the problem of shutdown corrosion of the metal-air battery can be effectively solved, the electrolyte in a negative electrode chamber is not required to be pumped by a pump, and a protective liquid such as oil is not required to be used for protecting the negative electrode, so that the cost is greatly reduced;
(2) According to the invention, a storage device for protective liquid and electrolyte is not needed, so that the volume of the battery is greatly reduced, and the space utilization rate is improved;
(3) Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages of much simple structure and easy realization of mass production.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a metal-air battery according to the present invention in an operating state at a first view angle;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion of area A of FIG. 1;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of a structure of the metal-air battery of the present invention without an upper cover;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion of region B of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a metal-air cell according to the present invention in operation at a second view angle;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of the inside of a bipolar chamber of a metal-air battery of the present invention without a negative electrode;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of the inside of a bipolar chamber of a metal-air battery of the present invention when placed in a negative electrode;
fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a metal-air battery of the present invention in an operating state;
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a metal-air battery of the present invention in a shutdown state;
FIG. 10 is an enlarged view of a portion of region C of FIG. 9;
In the figure:
100. A positive electrode chamber; 110. a positive electrode; 120. a positive terminal; 130. a positive electrode top plate; 131. positive plate air holes; 132. a first breathable waterproof membrane; 200. a negative electrode chamber; 210. a negative electrode; 220. a negative terminal; 230. a negative electrode top plate; 231. a negative electrode top plate air hole; 232. a second breathable waterproof membrane; 240. a grid plate; 250. an upper cover; 251. a sealing part; 252. a convex ring; 253. a first protrusion; 260. a second protrusion; 300. a partition plate; 400. and (3) an electrolyte.
Detailed Description
The above-mentioned matters of the present invention will be further described in detail below by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, but it should not be construed that the scope of the above-mentioned subject matter of the present invention is limited to the following examples, and all techniques realized based on the above-mentioned matters of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The invention relates to a metal-air battery, which comprises a negative electrode chamber 200, a negative electrode 210, a positive electrode chamber 100, a positive electrode 110 and electrolyte 400, wherein the negative electrode 210 can be one of a zinc electrode, a magnesium electrode or an aluminum electrode, and is positioned in the negative electrode chamber 200, the positive electrode 110 is one of a graphite electrode, a manganese dioxide electrode or a metal platinum electrode, and is positioned in the positive electrode chamber 100, and the positive electrode chamber and the negative electrode chamber are made of two materials of PP or ABS; the electrolyte 400 may be an alkaline solution, such as sodium hydroxide solution, ammonium chloride solution, etc., and after a period of time for the battery reaction, the electrolyte 400 will be generally alkaline; the electrolyte 400 may be an acidic solution, such as hydrochloric acid, and after a period of reaction, the acidity of the electrolyte 400 may be reduced; the electrolyte 400 can also be a neutral solution, such as sodium chloride solution, and can be directly prepared from seawater or dilute brine, so that the production cost can be reduced, and the environment is not polluted. In addition, the aqueous solution may be a neutral or acidic mixed solution, a neutral alkaline mixed solution such as a solution formed by mixing sodium chloride and hydrochloric acid, or the like.
Specifically, the positive electrode chamber 100 is a space with an open top, the outer wall of the positive electrode chamber is inlaid with the positive electrode 110, and the positive electrode 110 is in contact with air, it should be noted that, in the actual production process, the positive electrode 110 may also penetrate through the inner wall and the outer wall of the positive electrode chamber 100, as shown in fig. 6; the positive electrode 110 is electrically connected with the positive electrode terminal 120, and the electric wire is positioned in the positive electrode chamber 100 to protect the electric wire from being damaged due to contact with the electrolyte 400; the positive terminal 120 is a metal pole piece and is disposed at two ends of the outside of the top end of the positive chamber 100.
A partition plate 300 is arranged between the positive electrode chamber 100 and the negative electrode chamber 200, a gap which is one fifth of the height of the battery is arranged between the partition plate 300 and the bottom of the positive electrode chamber, wherein the partition plate 300 is level with the top of the positive electrode chamber, and a grid plate 240 is arranged above the bottom of the negative electrode chamber 200 and perpendicular to the partition plate 300 in combination with fig. 6 and 7, namely the partition plate 300 separates the positive electrode chamber from the negative electrode chamber and the bottom is communicated through the grid plate 240; the grid plate 240 is provided with a negative electrode 210, the negative electrode 210 is electrically connected with the negative electrode terminal 220, and the electric wire is positioned in the negative electrode chamber 200, so that the electric wire is protected and is prevented from being damaged due to contact with the electrolyte 400; however, unlike the positive electrode chamber 100, the negative electrode chamber 200 has an upper cover 250 on top of the negative electrode chamber 200, the upper cover 250 closes the opening of the negative electrode chamber 200, the battery is stopped, the upper cover 250 is opened, and the battery is discharged.
The battery of the embodiment can realize avoiding the shutdown corrosion of the metal-air battery, and the specific method and principle are as follows:
S1, when the battery is discharged, the upper cover 250 is opened, at the moment, the upper parts of the positive electrode chamber 100 and the negative electrode chamber 200 are communicated with air, and the air pressure at two sides is the same, so that electrolyte 400 in the two electrode chambers is positioned at the same horizontal plane, meanwhile, the negative electrode 210 in the negative electrode chamber 200 is contacted with the electrolyte 400, and the battery is in a working state;
S2, when the battery is stopped, the upper cover 250 is closed, so that the opening of the negative electrode chamber 200 is sealed, at the moment, the negative electrode 210 in the negative electrode chamber 200 reacts with the electrolyte 400 to generate hydrogen gas to overflow, namely, the negative electrode chamber 200 is hydrogen gas, air is communicated with the upper part of the positive electrode chamber 100, the electrolyte 400 in the negative electrode chamber 200 is pressed to the positive electrode chamber 100 by utilizing the pressure difference between the hydrogen gas and the air, and at the moment, the negative electrode 210 is not contacted with the electrolyte 400 any more, namely, the hydrogen evolution corrosion of the negative electrode 210 and the electrolyte 400 stops.
It is worth to say that the metal-air battery of this embodiment is in an open state, and can be applied to research fields such as laboratories.
Example 2
The metal-air battery of this embodiment is substantially the same as that of embodiment 1 except that: the top openings of the positive electrode chamber and the negative electrode chamber are provided with the breathable waterproof film, the breathable waterproof film can permeate gas, but liquid cannot flow out through the film, and the polytetrafluoroethylene film is adopted in the embodiment, so that the problem that the battery in the embodiment 1 is in an open state and electrolyte 400 is easy to leak is solved.
Specifically, openings at two top ends of the bipolar chamber in this embodiment are sealed with a polytetrafluoroethylene film, where the upper cover 250 of the negative electrode chamber 200 is used to cover the polytetrafluoroethylene film at the top end of the negative electrode chamber 200, and the polytetrafluoroethylene film seals the openings of the bipolar chamber, so that the electrolyte 400 in the bipolar chamber cannot permeate the polytetrafluoroethylene film, but external air can enter the bipolar chamber through the polytetrafluoroethylene film.
Although the battery with the structure solves the problem that the electrolyte 400 can flow out when the battery is poured, the film with a large area at the opening is easy to tear and damage when external force is applied, so the inventor further improves the structure of the opening end of the battery on the basis of the embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, namely, the top end of the positive electrode chamber 100 is provided with a positive electrode top plate 130, the positive electrode top plate 130 is provided with a plurality of positive electrode top plate air holes 131, and a first breathable waterproof film 132 is arranged in the positive electrode top plate air holes 131 to seal the air holes; a negative electrode top plate 230 is arranged at the top end of the negative electrode chamber 200, a plurality of negative electrode top plate air holes 231 are arranged on the negative electrode top plate 230, and a second air-permeable waterproof film 232 is arranged in the negative electrode top plate air holes 231 to seal the air holes; the two breathable waterproof membranes are polytetrafluoroethylene membranes and are inlaid and fixed in the inner walls of the air holes through adhesive, so that electrolyte 400 in the polar chamber cannot permeate the polytetrafluoroethylene membranes, but external air can permeate the polytetrafluoroethylene membranes to enter the polar chamber.
In order to realize the present embodiment, the electrolyte 400 in the negative electrode chamber 200 can be fully pressed to the positive electrode chamber 100 by using the pressure difference between the two side electrode chambers, so the sealing performance of the negative electrode chamber 200 is extremely high, therefore, the inventor is provided with a circle of sealing part 251 at the edge of the upper cover to realize the sealing of the top of the negative electrode chamber 200, and further, when the upper cover covers the negative electrode chamber 200, the outside air cannot enter the negative electrode chamber 200, the sealing part 251 can be a rubber ring fixed at the edge of the upper cover 250, where the upper cover 250 is closed with the negative electrode chamber 200, and the sealing part 251 can also be a circle of vaseline smeared at the edge of the upper cover 250 to strengthen the air tightness.
Further, when the inventor intends to further close the upper cover 250, the upper cover 250 and the negative electrode chamber 200 are in a locked state, and the locking structure is not provided outside the battery, which affects the assembly of the battery in the later stage, so the inventor chooses to provide the locking structure inside the battery.
Specifically, a convex ring 252 is disposed on the upper cover 250 and at the inner ring of the sealing portion 251, a first protrusion 253 is disposed on the convex ring 252, as shown in fig. 2, and in combination with fig. 3 and fig. 4, a second protrusion 260 is disposed on the inner wall of the negative electrode chamber 200 and is engaged with the first protrusion 253, wherein when the upper cover 250 is closed, the convex ring 252 is engaged with the inner wall of the negative electrode chamber 200, and the first protrusion 253 is disposed below the second protrusion 260, and the upper and lower surfaces of the first protrusion 253 and the second protrusion 260 are both arc-shaped, so that when the first protrusion 253 and the second protrusion 260 are engaged, the first protrusion 253 can slide along the second protrusion 260 to below the second protrusion 260 under the action of external force, and the first protrusion 253 slides along the second protrusion 260 to leave below the second protrusion 260 under the action of external force. This is a simple snap-lock construction, and other constructions by those skilled in the art, and batteries as described in this embodiment, are within the scope of the present invention.
The specific method and principle for avoiding the battery shutdown corrosion problem of the metal-air battery are as follows:
s1, as shown in FIG. 5, when the battery is discharged, the upper cover 250 is opened, and at the moment, the upper parts of the positive electrode chamber 100 and the negative electrode chamber 200 are communicated with air, and the air pressure on both sides is the same, so that the electrolyte 400 in the two electrode chambers is positioned on the same horizontal plane, and meanwhile, the negative electrode 210 in the negative electrode chamber 200 is contacted with the electrolyte 400, and the battery is in a working state, as shown in FIG. 8;
S2, when the battery is stopped, the upper cover 250 is closed and locked, the first protrusion 253 is scratched through the cambered surface of the second protrusion 260 and is finally positioned below the second protrusion 260, so that the opening of the negative electrode chamber 200 is sealed and locked, as shown in fig. 10, at the moment, the negative electrode 210 in the negative electrode chamber 200 reacts with the electrolyte 400 to generate hydrogen gas to overflow, namely, the negative electrode chamber 200 is hydrogen gas, air is communicated with the upper part of the positive electrode chamber 100, the electrolyte 400 in the negative electrode chamber 200 is pressed to the positive electrode chamber 100 by utilizing the pressure difference between the hydrogen gas and the air, as shown in fig. 9, at the moment, the negative electrode 210 is not contacted with the electrolyte 400 any more, namely, the hydrogen evolution corrosion of the negative electrode 210 and the electrolyte 400 stops.
It should be noted that, the air cell of this embodiment is prepared successfully, and the air tightness is good, so the method steps of the air tightness test of the negative electrode chamber 200 of the metal-air cell of this embodiment and determining the addition amount of the electrolyte 400 are as follows: the final step of assembling the metal-air battery is to mount the positive plate 130 to seal the positive chamber 100, before this step, the upper cover 250 of the negative chamber 200 is opened, the electrolyte 400 is injected into the battery cavity from the opening of the positive chamber 100 until the battery cavity is filled with the electrolyte 400, at this time, the upper cover 250 of the negative chamber 200 is closed, the negative electrode 210 starts to react with the electrolyte 400 to generate hydrogen, and if the electrolyte 400 continuously overflows from the opening of the positive chamber 100 from this time, the air tightness of the negative chamber 200 is proved to be good; after a period of time, the electrolyte 400 no longer overflows from the positive electrode chamber 100, then the electrolyte amount in the battery cavity is the electrolyte amount to be added, and finally the positive electrode top plate 130 is installed to seal the top of the positive electrode chamber 100, so that the metal-air battery of the embodiment is assembled.
More importantly, in order to separate the anode from the electrolyte when the battery is shut down, the anode 210 of the present embodiment inevitably generates a certain amount of anode corrosion, but since the amount of hydrogen required to occupy the anode chamber 200 is very small, i.e. the anode 210 is aluminum (wherein the volume of the aluminum block occupies three fourths of the volume of the anode chamber 200, i.e. 1500cm 3), only 0.0089% of the aluminum anode is consumed to fill the anode chamber 200 with hydrogen (i.e. the hydrogen volume is 500cm 3), and thus the anode of the present embodiment is very small. On the other hand, compared with the air battery without solving the problem of hydrogen evolution corrosion of the negative electrode, the service life of the air battery of the embodiment is greatly prolonged, and table 1 shows the electric quantity loss amount comparison of the aluminum air battery of the embodiment and the common aluminum air battery after being placed for one month.
Table 1 comparison of the amount of electric loss for the aluminum air cell of this example and the typical aluminum air cell placed for one month
The invention and its embodiments have been described above by way of illustration and not limitation, and the invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings and described in the drawings in which the actual structure is not limited thereto. Therefore, if one of ordinary skill in the art is informed by this disclosure, the structural mode and the embodiments similar to the technical scheme are not creatively designed without departing from the gist of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A metal-air battery comprising a negative electrode compartment (200), a negative electrode (210), a positive electrode compartment (100), a positive electrode (110) and an electrolyte (400), characterized in that: the positive electrode chamber (100) and the negative electrode chamber (200) are made of PP or ABS materials, a positive electrode (110) is embedded on the side wall of the positive electrode chamber (100), and the positive electrode (110) is electrically connected with a positive electrode terminal (120); a partition plate (300) is arranged between the positive electrode chamber (100) and the negative electrode chamber (200), a gap which occupies one fifth of the height of the battery is formed between the partition plate (300) and the bottom of the positive electrode chamber (100), the partition plate (300) is flush with the top of the positive electrode chamber (100), is perpendicular to the partition plate (300) and is positioned above the bottom of the negative electrode chamber (200), a grid plate (240) is arranged above the bottom of the negative electrode chamber (200), the partition plate (300) separates the positive electrode chamber (100) from the negative electrode chamber (200) and the bottom of the positive electrode chamber is communicated through the grid plate (240), a negative electrode (210) is arranged on the grid plate (240), and the negative electrode (210) is electrically connected with a negative electrode terminal (220); the positive electrode chamber (100) is a space with an open top, the top of the negative electrode chamber (200) is provided with an upper cover (250), the edge of the upper cover (250) is provided with a circle of sealing part (251), and the sealing part (251) is a rubber ring or vaseline so as to realize the sealing of the top of the negative electrode chamber (200); the upper cover (250) is provided with a convex ring (252) at the inner ring of the sealing part (251), the convex ring (252) is provided with a first bulge (253), the inner wall of the negative electrode chamber (200) is provided with a second bulge (260) which is matched and clamped with the first bulge (253), when the upper cover (250) is closed, the convex ring (252) is matched and contacted with the inner wall of the negative electrode chamber (200), and the first bulge (253) is positioned below the second bulge (260); when the battery is discharged, the upper cover (250) is opened, and when the battery is stopped, the upper cover (250) is closed, and the negative electrode (210) in the negative electrode chamber (200) reacts with the electrolyte (400) to generate hydrogen, so that the electrolyte (400) in the negative electrode chamber (200) is pressed to the positive electrode chamber (100) until the electrolyte (400) is not contacted with the negative electrode (210).
2. A metal-air cell according to claim 1, wherein: the tops of the positive electrode chamber (100) and the negative electrode chamber (200) are sealed by a breathable waterproof film, wherein an upper cover (250) of the negative electrode chamber (200) covers the breathable waterproof film at the top end of the negative electrode chamber (200).
3. A metal-air cell according to claim 1, wherein: the top of positive pole room (100) and negative pole room (200) all are equipped with the roof, are equipped with a plurality of gas pocket on the roof of two pole rooms respectively, be equipped with ventilative waterproof membrane in the gas pocket and seal the gas pocket.
4. A metal-air cell according to claim 1, wherein: the upper and lower surfaces of the first protrusion (253) and the second protrusion (260) are arc-shaped.
5. A metal-air cell according to claim 1, wherein: the positive electrode (110) is one of a graphite electrode, a manganese dioxide electrode or a metal platinum electrode.
6. A metal-air cell according to claim 1, wherein: the negative electrode (210) is one of a zinc electrode, a magnesium electrode or an aluminum electrode.
7. A metal-air cell according to claim 1, wherein: the electrolyte (400) is one or more of an acidic solution, an alkaline solution, or a neutral solution.
8. A method of using a metal-air battery according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
S1, when the battery is discharged, the upper cover (250) is opened, electrolyte (400) in the positive electrode chamber (100) flows into the negative electrode chamber (200), and the positive electrode (110) and the negative electrode (210) perform discharge reaction under the action of the electrolyte (400);
and S2, when the battery is stopped, the upper cover (250) is closed, and the negative electrode (210) in the negative electrode chamber (200) reacts with the electrolyte (400) to generate hydrogen, so that the electrolyte (400) in the negative electrode chamber (200) is pressed to the positive electrode chamber (100) until the electrolyte (400) is not contacted with the negative electrode (210).
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