CN110970633B - Inner fin temperature control bipolar plate and working method thereof - Google Patents
Inner fin temperature control bipolar plate and working method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110970633B CN110970633B CN201911112018.XA CN201911112018A CN110970633B CN 110970633 B CN110970633 B CN 110970633B CN 201911112018 A CN201911112018 A CN 201911112018A CN 110970633 B CN110970633 B CN 110970633B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
- H01M8/026—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant characterised by grooves, e.g. their pitch or depth
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
- H01M8/0263—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant having meandering or serpentine paths
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The invention discloses an inner fin temperature control bipolar plate and a working method thereof, wherein the inner fin temperature control bipolar plate comprises a cathode plate and an anode plate, wherein the single side of the cathode plate is processed, and the double sides of the anode plate are processed, so that the process is optimized, and the processing cost is reduced; the design that the flow direction of the cooling liquid is vertical to the flow direction of the fuel is adopted, the whole field averaging process of heat is accelerated, and the problem of local overheating of the bipolar plate is solved; the invention utilizes the phase-change material to absorb the heat released by the electrochemical reaction, can effectively improve the utilization efficiency of reactant energy, not only outputs electric energy outwards, but also stores waste heat through the phase-change material as a heat-preservation heat source in the standby process of the galvanic pile, saves energy and simultaneously improves the quick response characteristic of restarting the galvanic pile.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of electrochemical reaction devices, in particular to an inner fin temperature control bipolar plate and a working method thereof.
Background
With the development of the industrial society, the consumption of fossil energy is high, and a large amount of emission of greenhouse gases and the like is accompanied, thereby causing a series of problems such as global warming. The research and development of new energy are the hot subjects of the current industrial and academic circles, and the electrochemical reaction device is used as an efficient device for energy conversion, has wide attention due to high energy conversion efficiency, low emission and even zero emission, and has favorable application prospect. Electrochemical energy supply devices typified by fuel cells and electrochemical energy storage devices typified by flow batteries are typical devices of electrochemical reaction devices. What essentially occurs in fuel cells and flow batteries is a redox reaction: in the fuel cell, cathode and anode reactants respectively obtain/lose electrons under the catalysis of corresponding catalysts, and the directional movement of the electrons in an external circuit forms current and does work outwards; in the flow battery, electrolyte solutions of a cathode and an anode respectively obtain/lose electrons under catalysis of corresponding catalysts to generate valence state change, so that the flow battery can be charged and discharged, and is novel electric storage energy storage equipment.
In fuel cells and flow batteries, one of the key components is the bipolar plate. The bipolar plate plays the roles of collecting current and supporting and is the framework of the fuel cell and the flow battery. An anode flow field, a cathode flow field and a cooling liquid flow field are distributed on the bipolar plate, the cathode flow field and the anode flow field play a role in distributing reactants, and the cooling liquid flow field plays a role in distributing heat. The bipolar plate is easily subjected to the influences of uneven reactant concentration distribution, uneven catalyst concentration distribution and the like on the reaction area, so that the problem of local overheating is easily caused, and potential safety hazards are caused. In the prior art, the heat management problem is mainly realized by regulating and controlling the flow of the cooling liquid and reasonably designing a flow field of the cooling liquid. However, this is only a control means or strategy and does not solve the problem at all from the level of the bipolar plate structure.
In the prior art, metal, graphite or graphite composite materials are often used as the bipolar plate materials in consideration of the current collecting and supporting functions of the bipolar plate. However, these materials have a small thermal capacity and cannot effectively store heat and cause the temperature of the bipolar plate to rise, thereby loading the thermal management module. In addition, the temperature and temperature distribution on the bipolar plate will affect the overall operation of the electrochemical reaction device. Chemical energy of reactants in the electrochemical reaction device cannot be completely converted into electric energy, and a part of the energy is converted in the form of heat energy. The prior art cannot timely and effectively utilize the part of energy, so that the whole energy utilization rate is low.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide an inner fin temperature control bipolar plate and a working method thereof, which solve the problem of local overheating of an electrochemical reaction device and improve the quick response characteristic of restarting of a galvanic pile.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
an inner fin temperature control bipolar plate comprises a cathode plate and an anode plate which are of a hollow structure, wherein a runner is etched on one surface of the cathode plate, a runner is etched on the two surfaces of the anode plate, and the cathode plate and the anode plate are tightly bonded through a bonding agent to form the whole bipolar plate; an oxidant liquid distribution cavity, a cooling liquid distribution cavity and a fuel liquid distribution cavity which penetrate through the cathode plate and the anode plate are sequentially arranged on the cathode plate and the anode plate close to one side, and a fuel liquid collection cavity, a cooling liquid collection cavity and an oxidant liquid collection cavity which penetrate through the cathode plate and the anode plate are sequentially arranged on the cathode plate and the anode plate close to the other side;
the oxidant flow channel is formed by uniformly arranging oxidant flow channel rib plates protruding from the surface of the cathode plate;
the cooling liquid flow channel is formed by uniformly arranging cooling liquid flow channel rib plates protruding from the surface of the anode plate in a separating manner, one end of the cooling liquid flow channel is connected with the cooling liquid distribution cavity, and the other end of the cooling liquid flow channel is connected with the cooling liquid collection cavity; the fuel flow channel is formed by uniformly arranging fuel flow channel rib plates protruding from the surface of the anode plate in a separating way;
the flow direction of the cooling liquid in the cooling liquid channel on the front surface of the anode plate is vertical to the flow direction of the oxidant in the oxidant channel on the front surface of the cathode plate, and the flow direction of the cooling liquid in the cooling liquid channel on the front surface of the anode plate is vertical to the flow direction of the fuel in the fuel channel on the back surface of the anode plate;
and phase-change materials are filled in the in-plate cavities of the cathode plate and the anode plate.
Furthermore, vertical inner fins and inclined inner fins which are uniformly arranged are arranged on the outer surface of an oxidant flow channel, the inner surface of a rib plate of the oxidant flow channel, the outer surface of a fuel flow channel, the inner surface of a rib plate of the fuel flow channel, the outer surface of a cooling liquid flow channel and the inner surface of a rib plate of the cooling liquid flow channel in the plate inner cavities of the cathode plate and the anode plate.
Furthermore, the vertical inner fins are perpendicular to the thickness direction of the cathode plate and the anode plate, and the inclined inner fins form an included angle of 45 degrees with the thickness direction of the cathode plate and the anode plate.
Further, the ratio of the thickness of the cathode plate to the anode plate is 2: 3.
Furthermore, the depth and width dimensions of the rib plate of the oxidant flow passage and the rib plate of the oxidant flow passage are equal, the depth and width dimensions of the rib plate of the fuel flow passage and the rib plate of the fuel flow passage are equal, and the depth and width dimensions of the rib plate of the cooling liquid flow passage and the rib plate of the cooling liquid flow passage are equal.
Furthermore, the melting point of the phase-change material filled in the cavity in the plate is 50-80 ℃.
Further, the phase change material is paraffin.
Further, the material of the whole bipolar plate, the vertical inner fins and the inclined inner fins is copper, aluminum or titanium.
The working method of the inner fin temperature control bipolar plate comprises the following steps:
step S100: fuel and oxidant are distributed evenly into the electrodes: the oxidant pumped from the outside enters the oxidant liquid distribution cavity and then enters a plurality of oxidant runners which are arranged in a snake shape in parallel, and under the action of concentration difference between the oxidant runners and the cathode electrode, the oxidant diffuses into the membrane electrode and generates electrochemical reaction under the action of a catalyst; the fuel pumped from the outside enters the fuel liquid distribution cavity and then enters the fuel flow channels which are arranged in a multi-path parallel serpentine way, and under the action of concentration difference between the fuel flow channels and the anode electrode, the fuel diffuses into the membrane electrode and generates electrochemical reaction under the action of a catalyst;
step S200: electrochemical reaction in the membrane electrode: the cathode oxidant generates electrochemical reaction under the catalytic action of the catalyst to generate a cathode product; the fuel is subjected to electrochemical reaction under the catalytic action of a catalyst to generate an anode product; the temperature of the bipolar plate which emits heat when electrochemical reaction occurs in the cathode and the anode rises;
step S300: product and unreacted reactants exit the electrode: under the action of capillary force or concentration difference, cathode products enter the oxidant flow channel through the seepage diffusion effect and enter the oxidant liquid collecting cavity under the driving of pressure difference; under the action of capillary force or concentration difference, anode products enter the fuel flow channel through the seepage diffusion effect and enter the fuel liquid collecting cavity under the driving of pressure difference;
step S400: the inner fins and the phase change material in the cavity in the plate work: the heat released by the electrochemical reaction in the membrane electrode is transferred to the inner cavity of the plate in a heat conduction mode through the oxidant flow channel, the rib plate of the oxidant flow channel, the fuel flow channel and the wall surface of the rib plate of the fuel flow channel, and is absorbed by the phase-change material in the inner cavity of the plate; the phase-change material absorbs heat and then generates phase-change reaction, so that the temperature of the bipolar plate is inhibited from rising, and the temperature of the local area of the bipolar plate is uniform;
step S500: temperature of the coolant-homogenized bipolar plate: cooling liquid enters the cooling liquid distribution cavity through an external pump, flows through the cooling liquid flow channels which are arranged in a serpentine shape in parallel and then enters the cooling liquid collection cavity; in the flowing process, the cooling liquid and the wall surface of the cooling liquid flow passage fully exchange heat, and the temperature of the bipolar plate is maintained within a working temperature range suitable for the catalyst;
step S600: the phase-change material in the in-board cavity works in the process of restarting the electric pile: and in the standby state of the galvanic pile, the phase-change material emits heat outwards to ensure the quick response of the galvanic pile in the restarting process of the galvanic pile.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following characteristics:
1. the design that the flow direction of the cooling liquid is vertical to the flow direction of the fuel is adopted, the whole field averaging process of heat is accelerated, and the problem of local overheating of the bipolar plate is solved;
2. the phase-change material is used for absorbing heat emitted by electrochemical reaction, and the phase-change material absorbs heat and then generates phase-change reaction, so that the temperature rise of the bipolar plate is inhibited, and the temperature of the local area of the bipolar plate is further homogenized;
3. the invention can effectively improve the utilization efficiency of reactant energy, not only outputs electric energy outwards, but also stores waste heat through the phase-change material as a heat-preservation heat source in the standby process of the galvanic pile, saves energy and simultaneously improves the quick response characteristic of the restarting of the galvanic pile;
4. the invention adopts the non-equal-thickness cathode plate and the anode plate to bond to form the bipolar plate, the single-side processing of the cathode plate and the double-side processing of the anode plate optimize the process and reduce the processing cost.
Further, the process of heat absorption by the phase change material is accelerated by arranging the inner fins with high heat conduction characteristics in the plate, and the process of heat transfer into the phase change material is accelerated by the vertical inner fins and the inclined inner fins due to the high heat conduction characteristics. The problem of the slow heat absorption effect of heat absorption that single phase change material set up poor is solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of a cathode plate according to a preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the back of the cathode plate of a preferred embodiment of the invention;
figure 3 is a schematic front view of an anode plate according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
figure 4 is a schematic view of the back side of an anode plate according to a preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a dispensing through hole in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a liquid collection through-hole of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the middle of a stack in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
figure 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a bipolar plate according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a fuel cell incorporating a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: 1-a cathode plate; 2-an anode plate; 3-an oxidant liquid preparation cavity; 4-an oxidant liquid collection chamber; 5-fuel liquid distribution cavity; 6-fuel liquid collection cavity; 7-cooling liquid preparation cavity; 8-a cooling liquid collection cavity; 9-oxidant liquid distribution via hole; 10-oxidant liquid collection via; 11-an oxidant flow channel; 12-oxidant flow channel rib; 13-oxidant inlet channel; 14-an oxidant outlet channel; 15-a fuel inlet channel; 16-a fuel outlet channel; 17-fuel liquid distribution via holes; 18-fuel collection via; 19-coolant flow channels; 20-coolant runner ribs; 21-a fuel flow channel; 22-fuel flow path rib; 23-vertical inner fins; 24-inclined inner fins; 25-a cavity in the plate; 26-a phase change material; 27-membrane electrode.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples, which are not intended to limit the invention thereto.
In the drawings, structurally identical elements are represented by like reference numerals, and structurally or functionally similar elements are represented by like reference numerals throughout the several views. The size and thickness of each component shown in the drawings are arbitrarily illustrated, and the present invention is not limited to the size and thickness of each component. The thickness of the components may be exaggerated where appropriate in the figures to improve clarity.
Referring to fig. 1-4, the inner fin temperature control bipolar plate of the invention comprises a cathode plate 1 and an anode plate 2, wherein the cathode plate 1 and the anode plate 2 are of a hollow structure, a single-side etching flow channel of the cathode plate 1 and a double-side etching flow channel of the anode plate 2 are provided, the ratio of the thickness of the cathode plate 1 to the thickness of the anode plate 2 is 2:3, and the cathode plate 1 and the anode plate 2 are tightly bonded by a binder to form a bipolar plate whole; an oxidant liquid distribution cavity 3, a cooling liquid distribution cavity 7 and a fuel liquid distribution cavity 5 which penetrate through the cathode plate 1 are sequentially arranged on one side, close to the cathode plate 1, and a fuel liquid collection cavity 6, a cooling liquid collection cavity 8 and an oxidant liquid collection cavity 4 which penetrate through the cathode plate 1 are sequentially arranged on the other side, close to the cathode plate 1; oxidant runners 11 are distributed in the main body area of the front surface of the cathode plate 1, and the oxidant runners 11 are formed by uniformly arranged oxidant runner rib plates 12 protruding on the surface of the cathode plate 1 in a separating mode; an oxidant liquid distribution conducting hole 9 is formed in the tail end of the oxidant flow channel 11, close to the oxidant liquid distribution cavity 3, of the negative plate 1, an oxidant liquid collection conducting hole 10 is formed in the tail end of the oxidant flow channel 11, close to the oxidant liquid collection cavity 4, of the negative plate 1, and the oxidant liquid distribution conducting hole 9 and the oxidant liquid collection conducting hole 10 penetrate through the negative plate 1.
The positions of the anode plate 2 and the cathode plate are correspondingly provided with an oxidant liquid distribution cavity 3, a cooling liquid distribution cavity 7 and a fuel liquid distribution cavity 5 which penetrate through the anode plate 2 in sequence near one side, and a fuel liquid collection cavity 6, a cooling liquid collection cavity 8 and an oxidant liquid collection cavity 4 which penetrate through the anode plate 2 in sequence near the other side; a cooling liquid flow channel 19 is distributed in the main body area of the front surface of the anode plate 2, one end of the cooling liquid flow channel 19 is connected with the cooling liquid distribution cavity 7, the other end of the cooling liquid flow channel 19 is connected with the cooling liquid collection cavity 8, and the cooling liquid flow channel 19 is formed by partitioning the same uniformly arranged cooling liquid flow channel rib plates 20 protruding on the surface of the anode plate 2; the front surface of the anode plate 2 is connected with the oxidant liquid distribution cavity 3 and is provided with an oxidant inlet channel 13, the front surface of the anode plate is connected with the oxidant liquid collection cavity 4 and is provided with an oxidant outlet channel 14, the front surface of the anode plate is connected with the fuel liquid distribution cavity 5 and is provided with a fuel inlet channel 15, and the front surface of the anode plate is connected with the fuel liquid collection cavity 6 and is provided with a fuel outlet channel 16; fuel flow channels 21 are distributed in the main body area of the back of the anode plate 2, and the fuel flow channels 21 are formed by separating raised fuel flow channel rib plates 22 on the surface of the anode plate 2 which are uniformly arranged; the end of the fuel flow channel 21 adjacent to the fuel distribution cavity 5 on the anode plate 2 is provided with a fuel distribution via hole 17, the end of the fuel flow channel 21 adjacent to the fuel collection cavity 6 is provided with a fuel collection via hole 18, and the fuel distribution via hole 17 and the fuel collection via hole 18 penetrate through the anode plate 2.
Referring to fig. 1-6, the oxidant distribution via 9 communicates with the oxidant flow channels 11 and the oxidant inlet flow channels 13, and the oxidant collector via 10 communicates with the oxidant flow channels 11 and the oxidant outlet flow channels 14. The fuel distributing via hole 17 communicates the fuel flow passage 21 with the fuel inlet flow passage 15, and the fuel collecting via hole 18 communicates the fuel flow passage 21 with the fuel outlet flow passage 16.
Vertical inner fins 23 and inclined inner fins 24 which are uniformly arranged are arranged on the outer surface of the oxidant flow channel 11, the inner surface of the oxidant flow channel rib plate 12, the outer surface of the fuel flow channel 21, the inner surface of the fuel flow channel rib plate 22, the outer surface of the cooling liquid flow channel 19 and the inner surface of the cooling liquid flow channel rib plate 20; the in-plate cavities 25 of the cathode plate 1 and the anode plate 2 are filled with a phase change material 26.
Referring to fig. 7, the coolant flow direction in the coolant flow channel 19 of the main area of the front surface of the anode plate 2 is perpendicular to the oxidant flow direction in the oxidant flow channel 11 of the front surface of the cathode plate 1, and the coolant flow direction in the coolant flow channel 19 of the main area of the front surface of the anode plate 2 is perpendicular to the fuel flow direction in the fuel flow channel 21 of the rear surface of the anode plate 2.
Referring to fig. 8, the oxidant flow path ribs 11 and the oxidant flow path ribs 12 are equal in depth and width dimensions, the fuel flow path ribs 21 and the fuel flow path ribs 22 are equal in depth and width dimensions, and the coolant flow path ribs 19 and the coolant flow path ribs 20 are equal in depth and width dimensions. The phase-change material 26 paraffin filled in the plate inner cavity 25 has large phase-change latent heat, stable chemical property and melting point of 50-80 ℃. The vertical inner fins 23 are perpendicular to the thickness direction of the cathode plate 1 and the anode plate 2, and the inclined inner fins 24 form an included angle of 45 degrees with the thickness direction of the cathode plate 1 and the anode plate 2. The material of the whole bipolar plate, the vertical inner fins 23 and the inclined inner fins 24 is copper, aluminum or titanium material with high heat conductivity coefficient.
Referring to fig. 9, 2 bipolar plates are sequentially combined, and a membrane electrode 27 is disposed between the two bipolar plates to form a main assembly of a fuel cell stack.
Referring to fig. 1-9, the method of operation includes the steps of:
step S100: fuel and oxidant are distributed evenly into the electrodes: the oxidant pumped from the outside enters the oxidant liquid distribution cavity 3, flows through the oxidant inlet channel 13 and the oxidant liquid distribution through hole 9 in sequence, enters the oxidant channels 11 which are arranged in a multi-path parallel serpentine shape, and diffuses into the membrane electrode under the action of concentration difference between the oxidant channels 11 and the cathode electrode and generates electrochemical reaction under the action of a catalyst; the fuel pumped from the outside enters the fuel liquid distribution cavity 5, flows through the fuel inlet channel 15 and the fuel liquid distribution via hole 17 in sequence, enters the fuel channel 21 which is arranged in a multi-path parallel serpentine shape, and diffuses into the membrane electrode under the action of concentration difference between the fuel channel 21 and the anode electrode and generates electrochemical reaction under the action of a catalyst.
Step S200: electrochemical reaction in the membrane electrode: the cathode oxidant generates electrochemical reaction under the catalytic action of the catalyst to generate a cathode product; the fuel is subjected to electrochemical reaction under the catalytic action of a catalyst to generate an anode product; the bipolar plate is heated by heat released while electrochemical reactions occur in the cathode and the anode.
Step S300: product and unreacted reactants exit the electrode: under the action of capillary force or concentration difference, the cathode product enters the oxidant flow channel 11 through the seepage diffusion effect, and then flows through the oxidant liquid collecting conducting hole 10 and the oxidant outlet flow channel 14 to enter the oxidant liquid collecting cavity 4 under the driving of pressure difference; under the action of capillary force or concentration difference, the anode product enters the fuel flow channel 21 through seepage diffusion effect, and flows through the fuel liquid collecting through hole 18 and the fuel outlet flow channel 16 to enter the fuel liquid collecting cavity 6 under the driving of pressure difference.
Step S400: the inner fins and the phase change material in the cavity in the plate work: the heat released by the electrochemical reaction in the membrane electrode is transmitted to the plate inner cavity 25 through the vertical inner fins 23 and the inclined inner fins 24 in a heat conduction mode through the wall surfaces of the oxidant runner 11, the oxidant runner rib 12, the fuel runner 21 and the fuel runner rib 22, and is absorbed by the phase change material 26 in the plate inner cavity 25; the phase-change material 26 absorbs heat and then generates phase-change reaction, so that the temperature of the bipolar plate is inhibited from rising, and the temperature of the local area of the bipolar plate is uniform; the vertical inner fins 23 and the inclined inner fins 24 accelerate the heat transfer process into the phase change material 26 due to the high heat conduction property.
Step S500: temperature of the coolant-homogenized bipolar plate: the cooling liquid enters the cooling liquid distribution cavity 7 through an external pump, flows through the cooling liquid flow channels 19 which are arranged in a multi-path parallel serpentine shape, and then enters the cooling liquid collection cavity 8; in the flowing process, the cooling liquid and the wall surface of the cooling liquid flow channel 19 fully exchange heat, so that not only is the heat of the area with high reactant concentration, fast reaction and high temperature carried away and conveyed to the area with relatively low temperature so as to homogenize the temperature of the bipolar plate, but also the redundant heat of the whole bipolar plate is carried away from the bipolar plate, and the temperature of the bipolar plate is maintained in the working temperature interval suitable for the catalyst; the multiple parallel serpentine coolant channels 19 are perpendicular to the oxidant channels 11 and the fuel channels 21 so that the coolant balances the temperature distribution within the bipolar plate at maximum velocity and efficiency.
Step S600: the phase-change material in the in-board cavity works in the process of restarting the electric pile: in the standby state of the stack, the phase change material 26 emits heat outwards and transfers the heat outwards through the vertical inner fins 23 and the inclined inner fins 24, so that the temperature of the bipolar plates is maintained, and the quick response capability of the stack is ensured in the process of restarting the stack.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is to be covered by the claims.
Claims (7)
1. An inner fin temperature control bipolar plate is characterized in that: the bipolar plate comprises a cathode plate (1) and an anode plate (2) which are of hollow structures, wherein a runner is etched on one surface of the cathode plate (1), a runner is etched on the two surfaces of the anode plate (2), and the cathode plate (1) and the anode plate (2) are tightly bonded through a bonding agent to form a bipolar plate whole; an oxidant liquid distribution cavity (3), a cooling liquid distribution cavity (7) and a fuel liquid distribution cavity (5) which penetrate through the cathode plate (1) and the anode plate (2) are sequentially arranged on the cathode plate (1) and the anode plate (2) close to one side, and a fuel liquid collection cavity (6), a cooling liquid collection cavity (8) and an oxidant liquid collection cavity (4) which penetrate through the cathode plate (1) and the anode plate (2) are sequentially arranged on the cathode plate (1) and the anode plate (2) close to the other side;
oxidant runners (11) with two ends respectively communicated with the oxidant liquid distribution cavity (3) and the oxidant liquid collection cavity (4) are distributed in the main body area of the front surface of the cathode plate (1), and the oxidant runners (11) are formed by uniformly arranged oxidant runner rib plates (12) protruding from the surface of the cathode plate (1) in a separating mode;
cooling liquid flow channels (19) are distributed in the main body area of the front face of the anode plate (2), the cooling liquid flow channels (19) are formed by uniformly arranged cooling liquid flow channel rib plates (20) protruding from the surface of the anode plate (2) in a separating mode, one end of each cooling liquid flow channel (19) is connected with the cooling liquid distribution cavity (7), and the other end of each cooling liquid flow channel (19) is connected with the cooling liquid collection cavity (8); the fuel flow channel (21) with two ends respectively communicated with the fuel liquid distribution cavity (5) and the fuel liquid collection cavity (6) is distributed in the main body area on the back of the anode plate (2), and the fuel flow channel (21) is formed by uniformly arranged fuel flow channel rib plates (22) protruding from the surface of the anode plate (2) in a separating mode;
the flow direction of the cooling liquid in the cooling liquid flow channel (19) on the front surface of the anode plate (2) is vertical to the flow direction of the oxidant in the oxidant flow channel (11) on the front surface of the cathode plate (1), and the flow direction of the cooling liquid in the cooling liquid flow channel (19) on the front surface of the anode plate (2) is vertical to the flow direction of the fuel in the fuel flow channel (21) on the back surface of the anode plate (2);
phase-change materials (26) are filled in the plate inner cavities (25) of the cathode plate (1) and the anode plate (2);
vertical inner fins (23) and inclined inner fins (24) which are uniformly arranged are arranged on the outer surface of an oxidant flow channel (11), the inner surface of an oxidant flow channel rib plate (12), the outer surface of a fuel flow channel (21), the inner surface of a fuel flow channel rib plate (22), the outer surface of a cooling liquid flow channel (19) and the inner surface of a cooling liquid flow channel rib plate (20) in an in-plate cavity (25) of the cathode plate (1) and the anode plate (2);
the vertical inner fins (23) are perpendicular to the thickness directions of the cathode plate (1) and the anode plate (2), and the inclined inner fins (24) form an included angle of 45 degrees with the thickness directions of the cathode plate (1) and the anode plate (2).
2. An internally finned temperature controlled bipolar plate as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the ratio of the thickness of the cathode plate (1) to the thickness of the anode plate (2) is 2: 3.
3. An internally finned temperature controlled bipolar plate as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the oxidant runner (11) and the oxidant runner rib (12) have the same depth and width dimensions, the fuel runner (21) and the fuel runner rib (22) have the same depth and width dimensions, and the coolant runner (19) and the coolant runner rib (20) have the same depth and width dimensions.
4. An internally finned temperature controlled bipolar plate as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the melting point of the phase-change material (26) filled in the plate inner cavity (25) is 50-80 ℃.
5. An internally finned temperature controlled bipolar plate as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the phase change material (26) is paraffin.
6. An internally finned temperature controlled bipolar plate as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the material of the whole bipolar plate, the vertical inner fins (23) and the inclined inner fins (24) is copper, aluminum or titanium.
7. The method of operating an internal fin temperature controlled bipolar plate as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
step S100: fuel and oxidant are distributed evenly into the electrodes: the oxidant pumped from the outside enters the oxidant liquid distribution cavity (3) and then enters a plurality of oxidant runners (11) which are arranged in a snake shape in parallel, and under the action of concentration difference between the oxidant runners (11) and a cathode electrode, the oxidant diffuses into a membrane electrode and generates electrochemical reaction under the action of a catalyst; the fuel pumped from the outside enters the fuel liquid distribution cavity (5) and then enters the fuel flow channels (21) which are arranged in a multi-path parallel serpentine way, and under the action of concentration difference between the fuel flow channels (21) and the anode electrode, the fuel diffuses into the membrane electrode and generates electrochemical reaction under the action of a catalyst;
step S200: electrochemical reaction in the membrane electrode: the cathode oxidant generates electrochemical reaction under the catalytic action of the catalyst to generate a cathode product; the fuel is subjected to electrochemical reaction under the catalytic action of a catalyst to generate an anode product; the temperature of the bipolar plate which emits heat when electrochemical reaction occurs in the cathode and the anode rises;
step S300: product and unreacted reactants exit the electrode: under the action of capillary force or concentration difference, cathode products enter the oxidant flow channel (11) through seepage diffusion and enter the oxidant liquid collecting cavity (4) under the driving of pressure difference; under the action of capillary force or concentration difference, anode products enter the fuel flow channel (21) through seepage diffusion action and enter the fuel liquid collecting cavity (6) under the driving of pressure difference;
step S400: the inner fins and the phase change material in the cavity in the plate work: the heat released by electrochemical reaction in the membrane electrode is transferred to the plate inner cavity (25) in a heat conduction mode through the oxidant flow channel (11), the oxidant flow channel rib plate (12), the fuel flow channel (21) and the wall surface of the fuel flow channel rib plate (22), and is absorbed by the phase change material (26) in the plate inner cavity (25); the phase-change material (26) absorbs heat and then generates phase-change reaction, so that the temperature of the bipolar plate is inhibited from rising, and the temperature of the local area of the bipolar plate is uniform;
step S500: temperature of the coolant-homogenized bipolar plate: cooling liquid is pumped into the cooling liquid distribution cavity (7) through an external pump, flows through the cooling liquid flow channels (19) which are arranged in a serpentine shape in a multi-path parallel manner, and then enters the cooling liquid collection cavity (8); in the flowing process, the cooling liquid and the wall surface of the cooling liquid flow channel (19) fully exchange heat, and the temperature of the bipolar plate is maintained in a working temperature interval suitable for the catalyst;
step S600: the phase-change material in the in-board cavity works in the process of restarting the electric pile: in the standby state of the electric pile, the phase-change material (26) gives off heat outwards to ensure the quick response of the electric pile in the restarting process of the electric pile.
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| CN115275249B (en) * | 2022-09-01 | 2023-11-21 | 清华大学 | Heat pipe bipolar plate for fuel cell and fuel cell stack |
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| DE10337898A1 (en) * | 2003-08-18 | 2005-04-21 | Audi Ag | Latent heat storage unit for fuel cell uses phase change of PCM material to absorb or release heat, accommodated in plates installed outside anode and cathode |
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| CN103247807A (en) * | 2012-02-08 | 2013-08-14 | 武汉众宇动力系统科技有限公司 | Proton exchange membrane fuel cell based on phase-change heat transfer and bipolar plate thereof |
| CN108110276A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-06-01 | 北京卫星制造厂 | A kind of fuel cell heat dissipation bipolar plates |
| CN110380077A (en) * | 2019-07-26 | 2019-10-25 | 苏州弗尔赛能源科技股份有限公司 | A kind of combined type runner fuel battery double plates |
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| DE10337898A1 (en) * | 2003-08-18 | 2005-04-21 | Audi Ag | Latent heat storage unit for fuel cell uses phase change of PCM material to absorb or release heat, accommodated in plates installed outside anode and cathode |
| KR20100021075A (en) * | 2008-08-14 | 2010-02-24 | 주식회사 에이치투온 | Fuel cell stack including phase change meterials |
| CN103247807A (en) * | 2012-02-08 | 2013-08-14 | 武汉众宇动力系统科技有限公司 | Proton exchange membrane fuel cell based on phase-change heat transfer and bipolar plate thereof |
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