CN110967963B - Medium loading microwave cavity for hydrogen atomic clock - Google Patents
Medium loading microwave cavity for hydrogen atomic clock Download PDFInfo
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- CN110967963B CN110967963B CN201911280504.2A CN201911280504A CN110967963B CN 110967963 B CN110967963 B CN 110967963B CN 201911280504 A CN201911280504 A CN 201911280504A CN 110967963 B CN110967963 B CN 110967963B
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- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04F—TIME-INTERVAL MEASURING
- G04F5/00—Apparatus for producing preselected time intervals for use as timing standards
- G04F5/14—Apparatus for producing preselected time intervals for use as timing standards using atomic clocks
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Abstract
The application discloses dielectric loading microwave cavity for hydrogen atomic clock, including the medium ring, hydrogen atom stores bubble and a metal microwave chamber section of thick bamboo, the medium ring sets up in inside the metal microwave chamber section of thick bamboo, hydrogen atom store the bubble set up in inside the space that the medium ring encloses for accomplish hydrogen atom energy level transition and emit microwave signal, the medium ring is barium magnesium tantalum synthetic material. The medium loading microwave cavity has the characteristics of high performance stability, low processing difficulty, low processing cost, small size and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of atomic clocks, in particular to a medium loading microwave cavity for a hydrogen atomic clock.
Background
The microwave cavity is a core component of a hydrogen atom clock, and hydrogen atoms complete energy level transition in a storage bubble of the microwave cavity and emit microwave signals. The microwave energy emitted by the hydrogen atoms resonates in the microwave cavity in an electromagnetic field working mode in the microwave cavity. When the Q value of the microwave cavity reaches a certain range (>35000), the hydrogen atom transition signal can realize self-excited resonance in the metal cylinder of the microwave cavity, the cavity can obtain microwave energy from a frequency coupling device on the cavity without microwave injection, and the hydrogen atom clock working in the state is an active hydrogen clock.
The stability of the working frequency of the TE011 mode of the microwave cavity is superposed on the self-excitation output frequency of the microwave cavity through a cavity traction effect, and the variation range of the working frequency of the microwave cavity needs to be controlled within 0.1Hz under the condition that the fluctuation of the cavity output frequency is required to be less than 1E-15 through calculation. The control difficulty of the working frequency of the microwave cavity can be effectively reduced by reducing the temperature coefficient of the microwave cavity, and the long-term frequency stability of the whole clock is greatly improved.
The volume of the microwave cavity can be effectively reduced by adding a medium with a large dielectric constant and low dielectric loss into the microwave cavity, but the change of the dielectric constant of the filling material along with the temperature can affect the working frequency of the microwave cavity. At present, the volume of a cavity can be effectively reduced by adopting sapphire as a filling medium in the sapphire active hydrogen clock, but the dielectric constant of the sapphire is severely changed along with the temperature, and the frequency temperature coefficient of the whole cavity is-65 kHz/DEG C. The large temperature coefficient of the cavity is an important restriction point for restricting the long-term stability improvement of the sapphire active hydrogen clock.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of large cavity temperature coefficient and large volume in the conventional microwave cavity, the embodiment of the application provides the medium loading microwave cavity for the hydrogen atomic clock.
The embodiment of the application adopts the following technical scheme:
a medium loading microwave cavity for a hydrogen atom clock comprises a medium ring, a hydrogen atom storage bubble and a metal microwave cavity barrel.
The medium ring is arranged inside the metal microwave cavity cylinder.
The hydrogen atom storage bubble is arranged in a space surrounded by the medium ring and used for completing hydrogen atom energy level transition and emitting a microwave signal.
The medium ring is made of barium, magnesium and tantalum synthetic material. Preferably, the barium-magnesium-tantalum composite material comprises 30-45 wt% of barium and 10-26 wt% of magnesium, and the balance of tantalum.
Preferably, the outer diameter of the medium ring is 145-155 mm, and the wall thickness is 1-5 mm.
Preferably, the inner diameter of the metal microwave cavity cylinder is 160 mm-185 mm, and the height is 160 mm-200 mm.
Preferably, the dielectric rings include a first dielectric ring, a second dielectric ring and a third dielectric ring which are connected in a wedge-shaped overlapping manner, and are arranged inside the metal microwave cavity barrel, and the hydrogen atom storage bubble is arranged inside a space surrounded by the first dielectric ring, the second dielectric ring and the third dielectric ring and is used for completing hydrogen atom energy level transition and emitting a microwave signal.
Further, the hydrogen atom storage bubbles are quartz storage bubbles.
Further, hydrogen atoms passing through the selected state enter the inside of the hydrogen atom storage bubble, transition operation from a high energy level to a low energy level is realized in the inside of the hydrogen atom storage bubble, and a microwave signal having a frequency of 1420.405751MHz is emitted.
Further, the hydrogen atom storage bubbles are hermetically connected with a metal part at the lower part of the metal microwave cavity cylinder.
Further, the dielectric loaded microwave cavity further comprises a frequency tuning device.
Furthermore, the medium-loaded microwave cavity also comprises a frequency coupling device, and a pulse signal is obtained through the frequency coupling device.
The embodiment of the application adopts at least one technical scheme which can achieve the following beneficial effects: the problem of current scheme cavity temperature coefficient big, the long-term stability of complete machine is difficult to promote is solved. The design scheme of the medium loading microwave cavity with high reliability, high performance and miniaturization is provided, the overall dimension of the whole cavity is greatly reduced compared with the traditional scheme, and the filling volume of the hydrogen atoms in the cavity is kept basically unchanged. The miniaturization of the whole hydrogen clock is ensured, and the problem of improving the whole performance of the original sapphire hydrogen clock is solved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and not to limit the application. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a medium-loaded microwave cavity for a hydrogen atomic clock.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a wedge-shaped connection structure of the dielectric ring.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail and completely with reference to the following specific embodiments of the present application and the accompanying drawings. It should be apparent that the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic sectional structure diagram of a dielectric loading microwave cavity for a hydrogen atomic clock, which shows the dielectric loading microwave cavity for the hydrogen atomic clock, and comprises the following components: a dielectric ring 110, a hydrogen atom storage bubble 120, a metal microwave cavity barrel 130, a frequency tuning device 140 and a frequency coupling device 150.
The dielectric ring 110 is disposed inside the metal microwave cavity tube 130. The hydrogen atom storage bubble 120 is disposed inside a space surrounded by the dielectric ring 110, and is configured to complete hydrogen atom energy level transition and emit a microwave signal.
The dielectric ring 110 is a barium-magnesium-tantalum composite material.
Preferably, the barium-magnesium-tantalum composite material comprises 30-45 wt% of barium and 10-26 wt% of magnesium, and the balance of tantalum.
The parameters of the ring are determined through simulation, and preferably, the outer diameter of the dielectric ring made of the barium-magnesium-tantalum composite material is 145-155 mm, and the wall thickness is 1-5 mm.
The existing sapphire filling medium is changed into a barium-magnesium-tantalum composite material medium ring, so that the material cost and the processing cost are greatly reduced. In addition, due to the excellent temperature stability of the barium-magnesium-tantalum composite material medium, the temperature coefficient of the medium loading microwave cavity is optimized to be below-10 kHz/DEG C from the original-65 kHz/DEG C.
The following table is a comparison of the properties of the two materials:
material property comparison table
| Name of Material | Dielectric constant | Dielectric loss (Q. f) | Temperature coefficient of frequency |
| Sapphire | 9.4 | ≥3×105 | ≥-50ppm/K |
| Barium magnesium tantalum synthetic material | 24.3±0.3 | ≥2.4×105 | 0～±2ppm/K |
The parameters of the metal microwave cavity barrel can be determined through simulation. Preferably, the inner diameter of the metal microwave cavity cylinder is 160 mm-185 mm, and the height is 160 mm-200 mm. Compared with the original size, the overall size of the newly designed cavity is reduced by 30%, and meanwhile, the volume of the active hydrogen atomic clock complete machine adopting the design is greatly reduced due to the fact that the volume of the cavity is greatly reduced.
Figure 2 shows a schematic view of a wedge-shaped connection structure of a dielectric ring. The gray portion of the figure represents an axial cross-section of the media ring. In the cross-sectional view of the illustrated construction, a wedge step 230 is provided between the upper media ring 210 and the lower media ring 220 to provide a wedge connection between the upper media ring 210 and the lower media ring 220.
The wedge bond structure may be applied between a plurality of adjacent dielectric rings to form a wedge stack bond.
The dielectric ring may be formed of a multi-segment structure, such as a plurality of short dielectric rings arranged axially in series. The hydrogen atom storage bubbles are arranged in the space surrounded by the plurality of short medium rings in an arrangement and connection mode.
Preferably, the multi-segment structure of the dielectric ring is as shown in fig. 1, and the dielectric ring 110 includes a first dielectric ring, a second dielectric ring and a third dielectric ring which are connected in a wedge-shaped overlapping manner and is disposed inside the metal microwave cavity tube 130. The hydrogen atom storage bubble 120 is disposed in a space surrounded by the first dielectric ring, the second dielectric ring, and the third dielectric ring, and is configured to complete hydrogen atom energy level transition and emit a microwave signal.
The metal microwave cavity barrel 130 can shield the electromagnetic field outside the cavity barrel from interfering with the electromagnetic field inside the cavity barrel.
Preferably, the hydrogen atom storage bubble 120 is a quartz storage bubble.
The parameters of the quartz storage bubble 120 are determined by simulation such that the atomic storage area remains substantially unchanged.
Preferably, the hydrogen atoms passing through the selected state enter the inside of the hydrogen atom storage bubble 120, and transition from a high energy level to a low energy level is realized inside the hydrogen atom storage bubble 120, and a microwave signal with a frequency of 1420.405751MHz is emitted.
Preferably, the hydrogen atom storage bubble 120 is hermetically connected with the lower metal part of the metal microwave cavity tube 130.
Preferably, the dielectric loaded microwave cavity further comprises a frequency tuning device 140.
The hydrogen atoms (F ═ 0, mF ═ 1) passing through the selected state enter the hydrogen atom storage bubble, transition operation from a high energy level to a low energy level is realized in the hydrogen atom storage bubble, and a microwave signal having a frequency of 1420.405751MHz is emitted.
The resonant frequency of the dielectrically-loaded microwave cavity is adjusted by means of a frequency tuning device 140. The TE011 mode of the microwave cavity is tuned at the 1420.405751MHz frequency point, so that the energy of atomic transition realizes standing wave oscillation in the microwave cavity.
Preferably, the dielectric loaded microwave cavity further comprises a frequency coupling device 150, and the pulse rate signal is obtained through the frequency coupling device 150.
The resonant frequency of the dielectrically-loaded microwave cavity is adjusted by means of a frequency tuning device 140. The TE011 mode of the microwave cavity is tuned at the 1420.405751MHz frequency point, so that the energy of atomic transition realizes standing wave oscillation in the microwave cavity, and a pulse signal is obtained through the frequency coupling device 150 on the microwave cavity.
The dielectric loaded microwave cavity has the following advantages:
the temperature coefficient of the microwave cavity is greatly reduced, the temperature coefficient of the whole machine and the environmental adaptability are greatly improved, and the technical bottleneck that the long-term stability of the hydrogen clock of the medium cavity is difficult to improve is thoroughly solved;
the volume of the cavity is greatly reduced, so that the volume and the weight of the whole machine can be greatly optimized;
the whole cavity is simple in implementation process, and the material processing cost is greatly reduced.
It should also be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The above description is only an example of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and changes may occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (9)
1. A medium loading microwave cavity for a hydrogen atom clock is characterized by comprising a medium ring, a hydrogen atom storage bubble and a metal microwave cavity barrel;
the medium ring is arranged inside the metal microwave cavity cylinder, and the wall thickness is 1-5 mm;
the hydrogen atom storage bubble is arranged in a space surrounded by the medium ring and used for completing hydrogen atom energy level transition and emitting a microwave signal;
the dielectric ring is made of barium, magnesium and tantalum synthetic material; comprises 30-45 wt% of barium, 10-26 wt% of magnesium and the balance of tantalum.
2. The medium loaded microwave cavity of claim 1 wherein the outer diameter of the dielectric ring is 145 mm to 155 mm.
3. The dielectric loaded microwave cavity of claim 2 wherein the metallic microwave cavity barrel has an inner diameter of 160 mm to 185 mm and a height of 160 mm to 200 mm.
4. The dielectric-loaded microwave cavity according to claim 1, wherein the dielectric rings comprise a first dielectric ring, a second dielectric ring and a third dielectric ring which are connected in a wedge-shaped overlapping manner and are arranged inside the metal microwave cavity barrel, and the hydrogen atom storage bubbles are arranged inside a space surrounded by the first dielectric ring, the second dielectric ring and the third dielectric ring.
5. The dielectric-loaded microwave cavity according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydrogen atom storage bubbles are quartz storage bubbles.
6. The microwave cavity according to claim 1, wherein hydrogen atoms passing through a selected state enter the inside of the hydrogen atom storage bubble, transition from a high level to a low level is realized inside the hydrogen atom storage bubble, and a microwave signal having a frequency of 1420.405751MHz is emitted.
7. The dielectric loaded microwave cavity of claim 1 wherein the hydrogen atom storage bubbles are sealingly connected to the metallic microwave cavity barrel lower metal part.
8. The dielectric loaded microwave cavity of claim 1 further comprising a frequency tuning device.
9. The dielectrically loaded microwave cavity according to claim 1, further comprising frequency coupling means, wherein a pulse rate signal is obtained by the frequency coupling means.
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| US4891106A (en) * | 1987-08-18 | 1990-01-02 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Method of forming nonmagnetic silver electrodes on quartz glass |
| JP2001181029A (en) * | 1999-10-12 | 2001-07-03 | Murata Mfg Co Ltd | Dielectric ceramic composition for high-frequency use, dielectric resonator, dielectric filter, dielectric duplexer and telecommunication equipment |
| CN103864423B (en) * | 2012-12-14 | 2016-03-30 | 深圳市大富科技股份有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of microwave dielectric ceramic materials |
| CN104844204B (en) * | 2015-04-15 | 2017-07-04 | 厦门万明电子有限公司 | A kind of high dielectric microwave ceramic medium material, Preparation method and use |
| CN107229213B (en) * | 2016-12-14 | 2019-12-06 | 北京无线电计量测试研究所 | Sapphire loading microwave cavity for small hydrogen atomic clock |
| CN109437899A (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2019-03-08 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | A kind of microwave medium ceramic material with ultrahigh Q-value and preparation method thereof |
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