CN107229213B - Sapphire loading microwave cavity for small hydrogen atomic clock - Google Patents
Sapphire loading microwave cavity for small hydrogen atomic clock Download PDFInfo
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- CN107229213B CN107229213B CN201710650005.2A CN201710650005A CN107229213B CN 107229213 B CN107229213 B CN 107229213B CN 201710650005 A CN201710650005 A CN 201710650005A CN 107229213 B CN107229213 B CN 107229213B
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- sapphire
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- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04F—TIME-INTERVAL MEASURING
- G04F5/00—Apparatus for producing preselected time intervals for use as timing standards
- G04F5/14—Apparatus for producing preselected time intervals for use as timing standards using atomic clocks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03L—AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION, OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES
- H03L7/00—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation
- H03L7/26—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation using energy levels of molecules, atoms, or subatomic particles as a frequency reference
Abstract
The invention discloses a sapphire loading microwave cavity for a small hydrogen atomic clock, which comprises a microwave cavity cylinder, a sapphire filling medium and a hydrogen atom storage bubble, wherein the sapphire filling medium is arranged in the microwave cavity cylinder and comprises a first medium ring, a second medium ring and a third medium ring which are connected in a wedge-shaped overlapping manner; the hydrogen atom storage bubbles are arranged in a space surrounded by the first dielectric ring, the second dielectric ring and the third dielectric ring. The invention provides the sapphire loading microwave cavity with high reliability and high performance by separating the loading and the storage of the sapphire microwave cavity, simultaneously considering reliability, index performance improvement and cost control and adopting three parts of wedge-shaped sapphire superposed medium rings as loading substances of the microwave cavity. Under the condition of ensuring that the overall dimension of the whole cavity is the same as that of the traditional scheme, the internal filling volume is greatly increased, the miniaturization of the atomic clock is ensured, and meanwhile, the performance of the whole machine and the environmental adaptability of the whole machine are also improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of atomic clocks. And more particularly to a sapphire-loaded microwave cavity for a small hydrogen atomic clock.
Background
An atomic clock is a precise time measuring instrument which utilizes electromagnetic waves emitted when atoms absorb or release energy to time, and is widely applied to a plurality of fields such as positioning, navigation, communication, military affairs and the like. Because the electromagnetic wave is very stable, and a series of precise instruments are used for controlling, the timing of the atomic clock can be very accurate. Elements used in an atomic clock at present comprise Hydrogen (Hydrogen), Cesium (Cesium), rubidium (rubidium) and the like, and the precision of the atomic clock can reach 1 second of error every 2000 ten thousand years, so that powerful guarantee is provided for astronomy, navigation and cosmonautic navigation.
With the development of space geodetic techniques such as Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) and Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI), a hydrogen atomic clock has been applied to the construction of ground observation stations in all countries around the world as the most practical ground frequency standard at present. The traditional active hydrogen atomic clock has large mass and large volume, and many scholars search in the miniaturization direction of the hydrogen atomic clock. The resonant cavity adopting the sapphire as the filling medium can effectively solve the problem of miniaturization of the hydrogen atomic clock, not only can reduce the volume and the mass of the resonant cavity, but also can keep the frequency stability close to that of the traditional active hydrogen atomic clock. The sapphire hydrogen atomic clock has small volume and high reliability, and is widely applied to national defense and industry.
The microwave cavity is a core component of a sapphire hydrogen atom clock, and a hydrogen atom storage area in the cavity needs to realize a vacuum degree better than 1E-6 Pa. The size of the volume of the storage area in the cavity and the reliability of the vacuum seal of the storage area directly affect the reliability and performance of the whole machine. The storage volume of a sapphire medium loading microwave cavity adopted by the prior sapphire hydrogen atomic clock is small; the reliability of the vacuum sealing form is poor; the coating process in the storage area is difficult to realize.
In the prior art, the sapphire filling medium is divided into three parts, and the three parts are connected in a vacuum sealing manner by a special process means. The technical method for realizing the vacuum sealing connection of the three parts has high difficulty and poor reliability of the sealing position, and the filling medium can generate vacuum leakage at the sealing position after being used for a period of time. This is fatal to the sapphire hydrogen atomic clock. In addition, the inner wall of the storage area in the sapphire needs to be coated with three layers of high polymer materials, and the high polymer coating on the inner wall is polluted to different degrees in the vacuum sealing process for realizing three sapphire filling media, so that the pollution can influence the service life of the pulse transition signal. In addition, because of the reliability of the sapphire filling medium realized by the prior art scheme, the sapphire hydrogen clock adopting the form can only be applied to a ground environment laboratory, and cannot meet the requirements of complex conditions and the application under the environmental conditions of vehicle-mounted, airborne, aerospace and the like.
Therefore, there is a need to provide a sapphire-loaded microwave cavity for a small hydrogen atomic clock.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a sapphire loading microwave cavity with high reliability and high performance, so as to solve the problems of complex process and poor performance and reliability of the traditional scheme. The overall dimension of the whole cavity is the same as that of the traditional scheme, and the internal filling volume is greatly increased. The miniaturization of the atomic clock is guaranteed, and meanwhile the performance and the environmental adaptability of the whole atomic clock are improved.
in order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a sapphire loading microwave cavity for small hydrogen atomic clock comprises a microwave cavity cylinder, a sapphire filling medium and a hydrogen atom storage bubble, wherein
The sapphire filling medium is arranged in the microwave cavity barrel and comprises a first medium ring, a second medium ring and a third medium ring which are connected in a wedge-shaped overlapping manner;
The hydrogen atom storage bubbles are arranged in a space surrounded by the first dielectric ring, the second dielectric ring and the third dielectric ring.
The loading and storage of the sapphire microwave cavity are separated, the reliability, index performance improvement and cost control are considered, the three wedge-shaped sapphire superposed medium rings are used as loading substances of the microwave cavity, the sapphire loading microwave cavity with high reliability and high performance is provided, and the problems of complex process, poor performance and poor reliability in the traditional scheme are solved. Under the condition of ensuring that the overall dimension of the whole cavity is the same as that of the traditional scheme, the internal filling volume is greatly increased, so that the miniaturization of the atomic clock is ensured, and meanwhile, the performance of the whole machine and the environmental adaptability of the whole machine are also improved.
Optionally, the hydrogen atom storage bubble is a quartz storage bubble.
In the medium ring, the traditional quartz bubbles which can be used in satellite-borne and other environments at home and abroad are used as atom storage areas.
Alternatively, the dimensions of the sapphire filling medium and the hydrogen atom storage bubbles are designed based on simulations.
the cavity of the sapphire loading microwave cavity increases the atom storage area under the condition that the external dimension is not changed.
Optionally, the sapphire medium is in point contact with the microwave cavity.
The sapphire filling medium adopts the wedge-shaped medium ring with a simple form, so that the material cost and the processing cost are greatly reduced; the sapphire filling medium and the microwave cavity realize point contact, and an originally designed heat path connected with the outside is not provided, so that the heat preservation characteristic of the sapphire is improved to a greater extent.
Optionally, the inner wall of the quartz storage bulb is coated with a film.
Because the storage bubble adopts a quartz bubble form, the inner wall coating quality is greatly improved, and the long-term stability and the frequency drift characteristic of the hydrogen atomic clock are optimized.
Optionally, the sapphire-loaded microwave cavity further comprises a frequency tuning device.
Optionally, the sapphire-loaded microwave cavity further comprises a frequency coupling device.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the atom storage area of the sapphire loading microwave cavity is enlarged, and the pulse transition signal quality is improved;
2. According to the invention, point contact is realized between the sapphire loaded with the microwave cavity and the microwave cavity, so that the heat preservation characteristic of the microwave cavity is improved, and the temperature characteristic of the whole machine is improved;
3. The storage bubble coating of the sapphire loading microwave cavity is changed into a process method of coating the inner wall of the quartz bubble, the method is mature and easy to realize, and the problem of pollution of a sealing method of the traditional scheme to a coating is solved;
4. The whole cavity of the sapphire loading microwave cavity is simple in implementation process, and the whole processing cost is greatly reduced.
Drawings
the following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional structure of a sapphire-loaded microwave cavity for a small hydrogen atomic clock.
In the figure, 1-a microwave cavity metal cylinder; 2-a microwave frequency tuning device; 3-sapphire filling medium ring; 4-quartz storage bubbles; 5-frequency coupling means.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the invention, the invention is further described below with reference to preferred embodiments and the accompanying drawings. Similar parts in the figures are denoted by the same reference numerals. It is to be understood by persons skilled in the art that the following detailed description is illustrative and not restrictive, and is not to be taken as limiting the scope of the invention.
The invention provides a sapphire loading microwave cavity with high reliability and high performance, and solves the problems of complex process and poor performance and reliability of the traditional scheme. The overall dimension of the whole cavity is the same as that of the traditional scheme, and the internal filling volume is greatly increased. The miniaturization of the atomic clock is guaranteed, and meanwhile the performance and the environmental adaptability of the whole atomic clock are improved.
According to the defects of the sapphire microwave cavity of the traditional scheme, the loading and the storage of the sapphire microwave cavity are separated. Meanwhile, reliability, index performance improvement and cost control are considered, and three parts of wedge-shaped sapphire superposed medium rings are used as loading substances of the microwave cavity. In the medium ring, the traditional quartz bubbles which can be used in satellite-borne and other environments at home and abroad are used as atom storage areas. The dimensions of the ring and the storage bubble were determined by simulation. The external dimension of the newly designed cavity is the same as the original dimension; the atomic storage area is increased from 0.7L to 1L; the sapphire filling medium adopts the wedge-shaped medium ring with a simple form, so that the material cost and the processing cost are greatly reduced; the sapphire filling medium and the microwave cavity realize point contact, and an originally designed heat path connected with the outside is not provided, so that the heat preservation characteristic of the sapphire is improved to a greater extent. Meanwhile, as the storage bubble is in a quartz bubble form, the coating quality of the inner wall is greatly improved, and the long-term stability and the frequency drift characteristic of the hydrogen atomic clock are greatly optimized.
The present invention is described below with reference to a specific example, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
a sapphire loading microwave cavity for a small hydrogen atomic clock comprises a microwave cavity cylinder, a sapphire filling medium and a hydrogen atom storage bubble, wherein the sapphire filling medium is arranged inside the microwave cavity cylinder and comprises a first medium ring, a second medium ring and a third medium ring which are connected in a wedge-shaped overlapping manner; the hydrogen atom storage bubbles are arranged in a space surrounded by the first dielectric ring, the second dielectric ring and the third dielectric ring. The sapphire loading microwave cavity for the small hydrogen atomic clock further comprises a frequency tuning device and a frequency coupling device.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the sapphire loading microwave cavity for the small hydrogen atomic clock includes a microwave cavity metal copper 1, a microwave cavity frequency tuning device 2, a sapphire filling medium ring 3, an adaptive storage bubble 4 and a frequency coupling device 5.
in this example, the hydrogen atom storage bubble was a quartz storage bubble and the inner wall of the quartz storage bubble was coated with a film. Further, the sizes of the sapphire filling medium and the hydrogen atom storage bubbles are designed based on simulation, and point contact of the sapphire medium and the microwave cavity is realized.
The loading and storage of the sapphire microwave cavity are separated, the reliability, index performance improvement and cost control are considered, the three wedge-shaped sapphire superposed medium rings are used as loading substances of the microwave cavity, the sapphire loading microwave cavity with high reliability and high performance is provided, and the problems of complex process, poor performance and poor reliability in the traditional scheme are solved. Under the condition of ensuring that the overall dimension of the whole cavity is the same as that of the traditional scheme, the internal filling volume is greatly increased, so that the miniaturization of the atomic clock is ensured, and meanwhile, the performance of the whole machine and the environmental adaptability of the whole machine are also improved. In the medium ring, the traditional quartz bubbles which can be used in satellite-borne and other environments at home and abroad are used as atom storage areas. The sizes of the sapphire filling medium and the hydrogen atom storage bubbles are designed based on simulation, and the atom storage area is increased under the condition that the external dimension is kept unchanged. The sapphire filling medium adopts the wedge-shaped medium ring with a simple form, so that the material cost and the processing cost are greatly reduced; the sapphire filling medium and the microwave cavity realize point contact, and an originally designed heat path connected with the outside is not provided, so that the heat preservation characteristic of the sapphire is improved to a greater extent. Because the storage bubble adopts a quartz bubble form, the inner wall coating quality is greatly improved, and the long-term stability and the frequency drift characteristic of the hydrogen atomic clock are optimized.
During operation, the quartz storage bulb and the lower metal part realize high-reliability sealing connection. The hydrogen atoms passing through the selected state enter the inside of the storage bubble, and the transition action from the high energy level to the low energy level is realized in the storage bubble, and simultaneously, a microwave signal with the frequency of 1420.405751MHz is emitted. Because the TE011 mode of the microwave cavity is tuned at the frequency point, the energy of atomic transition realizes standing wave oscillation in the cavity, and a pulse signal can be obtained through a coupling device on the cavity.
The microwave cavity based on this solution has the following advantages: 1. the atomic storage area is enlarged, and the pulse transition signal quality is improved; 2. the sapphire and the microwave cavity realize point contact, so that the heat preservation characteristic of the microwave cavity is improved, and the temperature characteristic of the whole machine is improved; 3. the process method of coating the inner wall of the quartz bulb is changed from the storage bulb coating to the coating on the inner wall of the quartz bulb, the method is mature and easy to realize, and the problem of pollution of the coating caused by the sealing method in the traditional scheme is solved; 4. the whole cavity is simple in implementation process, and the whole processing cost is greatly reduced.
The terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of the present invention and in the above-described drawings are used for distinguishing between different objects and not for describing a particular order. Furthermore, the terms "include" and "have," as well as any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not limited to only those steps or elements listed, but may alternatively include other steps or elements not listed, or may alternatively include other gas steps or elements inherent to such process, method, or apparatus.
It should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention are only examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention, and it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that other variations or modifications may be made on the basis of the above description, and all embodiments may not be exhaustive, and all obvious variations or modifications may be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A sapphire loading microwave cavity for a small hydrogen atomic clock is characterized by comprising a microwave cavity cylinder, a sapphire filling medium and a hydrogen atom storage bubble, wherein
The sapphire filling medium is arranged in the microwave cavity barrel and comprises a first medium ring, a second medium ring and a third medium ring which are connected in a wedge-shaped overlapping mode, wherein the overlapping direction is the axial direction of the rings;
The hydrogen atom storage bubbles are arranged in a space surrounded by the first dielectric ring, the second dielectric ring and the third dielectric ring.
2. The sapphire-loaded microwave cavity of claim 1, wherein the hydrogen atom storage bubbles are quartz storage bubbles.
3. The sapphire-loaded microwave cavity of claim 1, wherein the dimensions of the sapphire filling medium and the hydrogen atom storage bubbles are designed based on simulations.
4. The sapphire-loaded microwave cavity of claim 1, wherein the sapphire filling medium is in point contact with a bottom point of the microwave cavity.
5. The sapphire-loaded microwave cavity of claim 2, wherein the quartz storage bulb is coated on its inner wall with a film.
6. The sapphire loading microwave cavity of any one of claims 1-5 wherein the sapphire loading microwave cavity further includes a frequency tuning device.
7. The sapphire-loaded microwave cavity of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the sapphire-loaded microwave cavity further comprises a frequency coupling device.
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| CN2016111512642 | 2016-12-14 | ||
| CN201611151264 | 2016-12-14 |
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| CN109407499B (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2020-12-08 | 中国科学院国家授时中心 | H-plane bending pi-phase difference annular lamb-alignment microwave cavity |
| CN110148484B (en) * | 2019-06-10 | 2020-10-02 | 北京无线电计量测试研究所 | Diffuse reflection laser cooling atom storage device and method |
| CN110967963B (en) * | 2019-12-13 | 2021-09-07 | 北京无线电计量测试研究所 | Medium loading microwave cavity for hydrogen atomic clock |
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| CN104485955A (en) * | 2014-11-24 | 2015-04-01 | 江汉大学 | Resonant cavity device and processing method thereof |
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| US5327105A (en) * | 1991-12-31 | 1994-07-05 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Gas cell for a miniaturized atomic frequency standard |
| EP0911919A1 (en) * | 1995-09-29 | 1999-04-28 | Observatoire Cantonal De Neuchatel | Atomic frequency standard |
| CN101567691A (en) * | 2008-04-22 | 2009-10-28 | 中国科学院上海天文台 | Microwave cavity for hydrogen atomic clock |
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