CN110967048B - 正交倾斜三芯光纤光栅并行集成Mach-Zehnder干涉仪 - Google Patents

正交倾斜三芯光纤光栅并行集成Mach-Zehnder干涉仪 Download PDF

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CN110967048B
CN110967048B CN201911384675.XA CN201911384675A CN110967048B CN 110967048 B CN110967048 B CN 110967048B CN 201911384675 A CN201911384675 A CN 201911384675A CN 110967048 B CN110967048 B CN 110967048B
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苑立波
杨世泰
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Guilin University of Electronic Technology
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    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01DMEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/353Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
    • G01D5/35306Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement
    • G01D5/35329Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement using interferometer with two arms in transmission, e.g. Mach-Zender interferometer
    • GPHYSICS
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    • G01D5/00Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/353Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
    • G01D5/3537Optical fibre sensor using a particular arrangement of the optical fibre itself
    • G01D5/35374Particular layout of the fiber

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Abstract

本发明提供的是一种正交倾斜三芯光纤光栅并行Mach‑Zehnder干涉仪。其特征是:它由光源5、三芯光纤扇入器件6、扇出器件7、光探测器8‑1/8‑2、三芯光纤1以及三芯光纤上的三对正交的45度倾斜光栅组成。三芯光纤上的45度倾斜光栅能够使纤芯内传输到光栅上的光一部分被反射,另一部分被透射,因此起到分束、合束的作用。光束在三对正交的45度倾斜光栅的分束、合束作用下,形成并行的两路Mach‑Zehnder干涉仪。本发明可用于折射率测量、弯曲测量等传感应用领域。

Description

正交倾斜三芯光纤光栅并行集成Mach-Zehnder干涉仪
(一)技术领域
本发明涉及的是一种正交倾斜三芯光纤光栅并行集成Mach-Zehnder干涉仪,属于光纤集成器件技术领域。
(二)背景技术
光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉仪在光纤传感领域具有广泛的应用。普通的光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉仪是由两根独立的光纤构成。通常光源发出的光经过一个3dB光纤耦合器后,被分成两束,分别耦合到两个独立的光纤臂中,再经过另一个3dB光纤耦合器合束,实现干涉。这种分立光纤的干涉仪由于两个光束在不同光纤中传输,两臂之间的光程差受环境振动、温度等因素的影响大,导致光纤干涉仪传感器信号解调的不稳定。
集成于同一根光纤中的Mach-Zehnder干涉仪不但极大地缩小了干涉仪的体积,使得系统更加简化、紧凑,还具有很好的稳定性,避免了各个可动部件之间由于装配、固定和调整带来的变化和不一致。并且两个干涉臂处于同一根光纤中,环境温度对两臂的影响近似相同,因此能够实现两臂光程的自动补偿。专利CN100470280提出一种基于单模双芯光纤的Mach-Zehnder干涉仪,该干涉仪是通过单模光纤与双芯光纤焊接并拉锥的方式将光束耦合进两个纤芯当中,形成两个干涉臂。专利号CN101846492B提出一种双F-P腔与Mach-Zehnder组合干涉仪,提高了干涉仪的灵敏度,但同样采用加热拉锥的方式实现光路的分束耦合。这种拉锥耦合分束方式需要将光纤拉细,这影响了光纤的机械强度,并且拉锥耦合区的分光比受外界环境的影响大,导致干涉信号的不稳定。
(三)发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种正交倾斜三芯光纤光栅并行集成Mach-Zehnder干涉仪。
本发明的目的是这样实现的:
一种正交倾斜三芯光纤光栅并行Mach-Zehnder干涉仪。它由光源5、两个三芯光纤扇入器件6、扇出器件7、光探测器8-1/8-2、三芯光纤1以及三芯光纤上的三对正交的45度倾斜光栅组成。所述系统中光束由三芯光纤扇入器件的第一通道6-1输入三芯光纤的第一纤芯1-1。三芯光纤上的45度倾斜光栅能够使纤芯内传输到光栅上的光一部分被反射,另一部分被透射,因此起到分束、合束的作用。光束在三对正交的45度倾斜光栅的分束、合束作用下,形成并行的两路Mach-Zehnder干涉仪,最终通过三芯光纤扇出器件7输出,分别由光探测器8-1和8-2接收。
其中,光探测器8-1接收到的光强为三光束干涉,三光束的路径分别为:
(1)第一纤芯1-1内传输→透过+45度倾斜光栅2-1→透过-45度倾斜光栅2-4→扇出器件第一通道7-1→光探测器8-1。
(2)第一纤芯1-1内传输→被+45度倾斜光栅2-1反射→被+45度倾斜光栅2-2反射到第二纤芯1-2传输→被-45度倾斜光栅2-5反射→被-45度倾斜光栅2-4反射至第一纤芯1-1传输→扇出器件第一通道7-1→光探测器8-1。
(3)第一纤芯1-1内传输→被+45度倾斜光栅2-1反射→透过+45度倾斜光栅2-2→被+45度倾斜光栅2-3反射到第三纤芯1-3传输→被-45度倾斜光栅2-6反射→透过-45度倾斜光栅2-5→被-45度倾斜光栅2-4反射至第一纤芯1-1传输→扇出器件第一通道7-1→光探测器8-1。
光探测器7-2接收到的光强为双光束干涉,双光束的路径分别为:
(1)第一纤芯1-1内传输→被+45度倾斜光栅2-1反射→被+45度倾斜光栅2-2反射到第二纤芯1-2传输→透过-45度倾斜光栅2-5,→扇出器件第二通道7-2→光探测器8-2。
(2)第一纤芯内传输→被+45度倾斜光栅2-1反射→透过+45度倾斜光栅2-2→被+45度倾斜光栅2-3反射到第三纤芯1-3传输→被-45度倾斜光栅2-6反射→被-45度倾斜光栅7-2反射到第二纤芯1-2传输→扇出器件第二通道7-2→光探测器8-2。
所述的三芯光纤从端面结构看,三个纤芯分布于同一直线上。
所述的+45度倾斜光栅平行分布于三芯光纤的三个纤芯上的同一位置,-45度倾斜光栅平行分布于三芯光纤的三个纤芯上的同一位置。
所述的45度倾斜光栅可以是等周期的倾斜光栅,也可以是啁啾倾斜光栅。
所述的三芯光纤扇入和扇出器件的三个通道能和三芯光纤的三个纤芯分别独立连接。
与在先技术相比,本发明具备以下的显著优势:
(1)器件集成于一根光纤,体积小,集成度高;
(2)采用45度倾斜光栅分束,光纤无需拉锥,分光比稳定,光栅刻写完成后可再涂覆光纤,保证器件机械强度。
(3)将双光束干涉和三光束干涉集成于同一根光纤中,可做多物理量传感器使用。
(四)附图说明
图1(a)所示的是三芯光纤的端面结构示意图,该光纤有三个共线分布的纤芯,1(b)为三芯光纤的三维结构图。
图2所示的是三芯光纤上三对正交分布的45度倾斜光栅示意图。
图3所示的是+45度倾斜光栅的制备方法示意图。
图4所示的是-45度倾斜光栅的制备方法示意图。
图5所示的是正交倾斜三芯光纤光栅并行集成Mach-Zehnder干涉仪的系统图。其中标注的器件或结构分别为:三芯光纤1、光源5、三芯光纤扇入器件6及其三个输出通道6-1/6-2/6-3、三芯光纤扇出器件7及其三个输出通道7-1/7-2/7-3、光探测器8-1/8-2、+45度倾斜光栅2-1/2-2/2-3、-45度倾斜光栅2-4/2-5/2-6、三芯光纤的三个纤芯1-1/1-2/1-3。
图6所示的分别是三光束干涉仪的三光束所经过的光程路径。
图7所示的分别是双光束干涉仪的两束光所经过的光程路径。
图8所示的是基于啁啾倾斜光栅分束的三芯光纤的并行集成式Mach-Zehnder干涉仪的结构图。
(五)具体实施方式
下面结合具体的实施例来进一步阐述本发明。
首先结合附图并举例详细说明本发明的原理。
本发明采用的光纤是三芯光纤1,光纤的端面如图1所示。三芯光纤的三个纤芯1-1/1-2/1-3位于同一直线上,在三个纤芯上的相同位置、相同方向分别刻写了+45度的倾斜光栅2-1/2-2/2-3,另一位置同样刻写了三个-45度的倾斜光栅2-4/2-5/2-6,如图2所示。
优选地,采用相位掩膜版的方法制备倾斜光栅,如图3、4所示。
第一步:首先需要沿轴线方向旋转三芯光纤1,使光纤的三个纤芯所在的平面与相位掩膜版3平行;其次旋转相位掩膜版3,使其与三芯光纤1间的夹角为+45度(如图3(a)所示);最后在紫外光束4的曝光下,刻写方向一致的+45度倾斜光栅(如图3(b)所示)。
第二步:移动光纤一段距离,旋转相位掩膜版3,使相位掩膜版3与三芯光纤1间的夹角为-45度(如图4(a)所示)在紫外光束4的曝光下,刻写方向一致的-45度倾斜光栅(如图4(b)所示)。
实施例1:
如图5所示的是正交倾斜三芯光纤光栅并行集成Mach-Zehnder干涉仪的系统图。三芯光纤上的45度倾斜光栅能够使纤芯内传输到光栅上的光一部分被反射,另一部分被透射,因此起到分束、合束的作用。光束在三对正交的45度倾斜光栅的分束、合束作用下,形成并行的两路Mach-Zehnder干涉仪。
两个干涉仪中的一个是三光束干涉,其由第一纤芯1-1输出,经过三芯光纤扇出器件的第一通道7-1输入光探测器8-1检测。如图6所示的分别是三光束干涉仪中的三个光束所走过的路径,则有:
Figure BDA0002343241340000041
其中I1,I2、I3分别为三束光的输出强度,Iout表示三光束干涉后的输出强度,
Figure BDA0002343241340000042
为三束光在传输过程中由光程差带来的附加相位差。
Figure BDA0002343241340000043
Figure BDA0002343241340000044
Figure BDA0002343241340000045
其中λ表示波长,L表示正交45度倾斜光栅间的距离,n1、n2、n3分别表示三个纤芯内传输模式的有效折射率,n0表示偏双芯光纤包层折射率,d表示两个纤芯的间距。
I1=(1-R1)(1-R2)I0 (5)
I2=α2R1 2R2 2I0 (6)
I3=α2R1 2R2 2(1-R1)(1-R2)I0 (7)
其中I0表示输入光强,R1表示+45度倾斜光栅的反射率、R2表示-45度倾斜光栅反射率,α表示光束经过45度倾斜光栅反射后,从包层耦合到另一个45度倾斜光栅的效率。
如图7所示的分别是第二纤芯1-2输出,经由三芯光纤扇出器件的第二通道7-2输入光探测器8-2的双光束干涉仪中的两光束所走过的路径,则有:
Figure BDA0002343241340000046
其中,Iout2表示第二纤芯反向输出双光束强度,
Figure BDA0002343241340000047
I4、I5分别为:
Figure BDA0002343241340000048
I4=αR1 2(1-R2)I0 (10)
I5=α2R1 2R2 2(1-R1)I0 (11)
实施例2:
如图8所示,本实施例的三芯光纤干涉仪系统的结构和实施例1中的相同,只是将实施例1中均匀的+45度倾斜光栅2-1/2-2/2-3更换为啁啾倾斜光栅9-1/9-2/9-3,将均匀的-45度倾斜光栅2-4/2-5/2-6更换为啁啾倾斜光栅9-4/9-5/9-6,目的是为了使倾斜光栅分束的带宽更宽。

Claims (4)

1.一种正交倾斜三芯光纤光栅并行Mach-Zehnder干涉仪,其特征是:它由光源(5)、三芯光纤扇入器件(6)、扇出器件(7)、第一光探测器(8-1)、第二光探测器(8-2)、三芯光纤(1)以及三芯光纤上的三对正交的45度倾斜光栅组成;所述组成中光束由三芯光纤扇入器件的第一通道(6-1)输入三芯光纤的第一纤芯(1-1),三芯光纤上的45度倾斜光栅能够使纤芯内传输到光栅上的光一部分被反射,另一部分被透射,因此起到分束、合束的作用;光束在三对正交的45度倾斜光栅的分束、合束作用下,形成并行的两路Mach-Zehnder干涉仪,最终通过三芯光纤扇出器件(7)输出,分别由第一光探测器(8-1)和第二光探测器(8-2)接收;
其中,第一光探测器(8-1)接收到的光强为三光束干涉,三光束的路径分别为:
(1)第一纤芯(1-1)内传输→透过+45度倾斜光栅(2-1)→透过-45度倾斜光栅(2-4)→扇出器件第一通道(7-1)→第一光探测器(8-1);
(2)第一纤芯(1-1)内传输→被+45度倾斜光栅(2-1)反射→被+45度倾斜光栅(2-2)反射到第二纤芯(1-2)传输→被-45度倾斜光栅(2-5)反射→被-45度倾斜光栅(2-4)反射至第一纤芯(1-1)传输→扇出器件第一通道(7-1)→第一光探测器(8-1);
(3)第一纤芯(1-1)内传输→被+45度倾斜光栅(2-1)反射→透过+45度倾斜光栅(2-2)→被+45度倾斜光栅(2-3)反射到第三纤芯(1-3)传输→被-45度倾斜光栅(2-6)反射→透过-45度倾斜光栅(2-5)→被-45度倾斜光栅(2-4)反射至第一纤芯(1-1)传输→扇出器件第一通道(7-1)→第一光探测器(8-1);
光探测器(7-2)接收到的光强为双光束干涉,双光束的路径分别为:
(1)第一纤芯(1-1)内传输→被+45度倾斜光栅(2-1)反射→被+45度倾斜光栅(2-2)反射到第二纤芯(1-2)传输→透过-45度倾斜光栅(2-5),→扇出器件第二通道(7-2)→第二光探测器(8-2);
(2)第一纤芯内传输→被+45度倾斜光栅(2-1)反射→透过+45度倾斜光栅(2-2)→被+45度倾斜光栅(2-3)反射到第三纤芯(1-3)传输→被-45度倾斜光栅(2-6)反射→被-45度倾斜光栅(7-2)反射到第二纤芯(1-2)传输→扇出器件第二通道(7-2)→第二光探测器(8-2)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种正交倾斜三芯光纤光栅并行Mach-Zehnder干涉仪,其特征是:所述的三芯光纤从端面结构看,三个纤芯分布于同一直线上。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种正交倾斜三芯光纤光栅并行Mach-Zehnder干涉仪,其特征是:所述的+45度倾斜光栅平行分布于三芯光纤的三个纤芯上的同一位置,-45度倾斜光栅平行分布于三芯光纤的三个纤芯上的同一位置。
4.根据权利要求1-2任意一项所述的一种正交倾斜三芯光纤光栅并行Mach-Zehnder干涉仪,其特征是:所述的45度倾斜光栅是等周期的倾斜光栅,或是啁啾倾斜光栅。
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