CN110958924A - 增材制造的热交换器集管 - Google Patents

增材制造的热交换器集管 Download PDF

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CN110958924A
CN110958924A CN201880043151.1A CN201880043151A CN110958924A CN 110958924 A CN110958924 A CN 110958924A CN 201880043151 A CN201880043151 A CN 201880043151A CN 110958924 A CN110958924 A CN 110958924A
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D·瓦迪尔
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B33YADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
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    • F28D1/02Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
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    • F28D1/0535Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
    • F28D1/05366Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B22F2998/10Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
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Abstract

堆叠管式热交换器,由固定在集管或由增材制造的集管上的管组成。

Description

增材制造的热交换器集管
技术领域
本发明涉及用于堆叠元件热交换器的制造方法。
背景技术
集管箱(tube header)很可能是制造热交换器中劳动强度最大的部分。当前的制造方法也不能使其产生无泄漏接头的能力。
众所周知的和普遍的实践是通过堆叠板来制造热交换器集管(heat exchangerheader)。包括这些设计的接头通常通过焊接或钎焊来制造,这是非常费力的和/或易于泄漏的。传统的紧固技术(诸如钎焊或焊接)也将所使用的材料类型限制为熔点几乎相同的金属。
发明内容
本发明涉及堆叠元件热交换器(例如管束)的制造。热交换器堆叠元件管束通常由扁平管的集合组成,扁平管的每一端连接到集管。集管通常为大圆管或细长盒的形状,用于将管彼此支撑和分开(以使空气在其间通过),并且输送或接收流体(例如蒸汽或制冷剂)到管。管束可以具有安装在管之间并附接至管的翅片,或者管可以是无翅片的。根据现有技术,管和集管由相同的材料制成(通常是钢)并且在集管上切出狭槽以容纳管,然后将管焊接到狭槽中。本发明允许使用多种不同的材料并且以增材制造的速度将集管构建到盘管上。当集管从一端构建到另一端时,管一个接一个地堆叠。集管是使用增材制造逐层形成的。本发明试图将堆叠式热交换器的用途扩展到多种材料和聚合材料中。
根据本发明的实施例,集管通过在现场增材制造而被固定到管。当管的端部相互堆叠在一起时,通过基本上围绕管的端部倾倒集管,有效地密封了无泄漏接头。可替选地,可以将集管的一部分预成型并层压到位,以加快该过程。另外,本发明允许同时使用多种材料,其中管和集管可以由相同或不同的材料制成,从而形成坚固且防漏的复合集管和管束。
根据另一实施例,可以同时在管的两端增材制造集管,以便同时完成整个管束的组装。
根据另一实施例,可以在已经堆叠的管束上打印集管。在金属管和金属翅片已经在炉钎焊过程中彼此紧固使得管不能在集管生产过程中堆叠的情况下,该实施例可能是优选的。
因此,根据本发明的一种热交换器盘管集管,其具有固定在集管封套中的管,其中,当管堆叠在热交换器中时,集管封套通过增材制造现场生产。根据本发明,还提供了一种具有热塑性集管和管材料的装置。根据替代实施例,该装置可以具有金属集管和管材料。根据另一替代实施例,该装置可以具有陶瓷集管和管材料。根据又一实施例,集管层可以由与管不同的材料制成。
根据装置的另外的各种实施例,在管之间可以有翅片和/或管可以是作为热管的密封管。
根据各种不同的实施例,所沉积的材料在沉积期间可以是固体,在沉积期间可以是液体和/或它们的一些组合。
根据本发明的另一实施例,提供了一种制造热交换器盘管的方法,包括:以下步骤:
a.使用增材制造沉积器以第一集管端盖的形式铺设集管材料;
b.将第一热交换管放置在所述第一集管端盖上;
c.使用增材制造沉积器将所述集管材料铺设到所述第一热交换管上方并覆盖所述第一热交换管,以将其端部封装在所述集管的内部,并且在所述第一热交换管和第二热交换管之间形成第一集管间隔部分;
d.将第二热交换管放置在所述第一集管间隔部分上;
e.重复步骤c和d,直到达到所需的集管尺寸;
f.使用所述增材制造沉积器以第二集管端盖的形式铺设集管材料。
在步骤a、c和f中的任何一个或多个步骤中,可以添加入口和出口到集管。可替选地,入口和出口可以通过在集管上钻孔而形成,以使流体进入和流出所述集管。
根据本发明的另一实施例,用于制造热交换器盘管的方法可以包括以下附加步骤:
g.在形成所述第一集管端盖的同时,使用第二增材制造沉积器以第三集管端盖形式将集管材料铺设到所述热交换器盘管的相对端;
h.其中所述将第一热交换管放置到所述第一集管端盖上的步骤还将所述第一热交换管放置到在所述第一热交换管中与第一集管端盖相对端处的第三集管端盖上;
i.使用所述第二增材制造沉积器将集管材料铺设到所述第一热交换管并且覆盖所述第一热交换管,以将其端部封装在所述集管的内部,并且在所述第一热交换管和第二热交换管之间、在所述第一热交换管的相对端处形成第二集管间隔部分;
j.其中所述将第二热交换管放置在所述第一集管间隔部分上的步骤还将所述第二热交换管放置在所述第二集管间隔部分上;
k.重复步骤i和j,直到达到所需的集管尺寸;
l.使用所述第二增材制造沉积器在所述热交换器盘管与所述第二集管端盖的的相对端处以第四集管端盖的形式铺设集管材料。
根据本发明的另一实施例,提供了一种制造热交换器盘管的方法,包括以下步骤:
a.使用增材制造沉积器将集管材料铺设到管端周围,以及在预成型管束一端的管对管接头;
b.使用所述增材制造沉积器铺设材料层以在所述预形成的管束一端处将集管主体构建到期望的高度;
c.使用所述增材制造沉积器铺设连续的重叠材料层以形成集管端盖。
附图说明
下面参照附图对本发明的优选实施例进行描述,其中:
图1示出了根据本发明实施例的制造集管和盘管束的步骤。
图2示出了根据图1所示的本发明实施例的制造集管和盘管束的后续步骤。
图3示出了根据图1和2所示的本发明实施例的制造集管和盘管束的另一后续步骤。
图4示出了根据图1-3所示的本发明实施例的制造集管和盘管束的另一后续步骤。
图5示出了根据本发明另一实施例的制造集管和盘管束的步骤。
图6示出了根据图5所示实施例的制造集管和盘管束的后续步骤。
图7示出了根据图5和图6的实施例的制造集管和盘管束的另一后续步骤。
图8示出了根据图5-7的实施例的制造集管和盘管束的另一后续步骤。
具体实施方式
参照图1,在生产盘管束的第一步中,沉积器1铺设集管的端盖2。沉积器1可以铺设金属、塑料或能够根据增材制造工艺以预定模式沉积的任何其他材料。端盖2包括侧面2′和边缘2″。端盖2的侧面2′和边缘2″可以是与在控制器10控制下的材料供应装置20所提供的材料相同或不同。可以由沉积器1的控制器10设置和/或改变侧面2'和边缘2″的尺寸、形状和材料。
一旦完成支撑管3所需的侧面2'和边缘2″的一部分的沉积,就将管3放置并且固定在集管的端盖2上(参见图2)。在沉积器1完成由沉积器1在管3未接触的区域中的铺设时,或完成边缘2″的铺设之后,将管3定位在端盖2上。
参照图3,一旦将管3放置在集管端盖2上,管3就被由沉积器1所铺设的材料封装起来,以形成管3之间的集管部分4。一旦集管部分4的厚度已经达到期望的尺寸,就将另一根管放置在集管部分4的顶部,其继而依次沉积另一集管部分4,并放置另一根管。管间集管段的沉积和管的放置可以根据需要重复进行,以得到合适尺寸的成品管束。
图4示出了制造集管的第四步。从第三步开始就已经封装好了管子3根据需要重复多次执行以将集管构建到最高高度。形成端盖5以完成集管的封套。集管的入口和出口可以在第3步中根据需要增材地形成,也可以钻孔以允许流体流入和流出。
根据优选实施例,可以在管的相对端设置第二沉积器,使得可以同时在管的两端增材制造集管。在这种情况下,由于两个集管的增材制造相互匹配/定时,因此两个集管都准备好同时接收同一根管,结果是同时完成了两个集管的制造以及整个管束的组装(固定在两个集管之间的所有管)。
根据又一实施例,金属管和金属翅片可能已经被彼此紧固(例如在熔炉支撑过程中)。在这种情况下,可以将集管印制在已经组装好的管堆上,如图5-8所示。
首先参考图5,已经将管3组装成没有集管的盘管束。沉积器1通过沿相邻管之间的边界沉积材料,开始形成集管板6。图7示出了沉积器1,其将节段7添加到集管板6,以形成无泄漏的板,该板跨越在堆叠中的所有管之间的间隙/接头。在下一步骤中,如图7所示,沉积器绕着集管板6的周边多次通过,制造一系列层的沉积材料,以构建集管主体8的高度。一旦集管主体达到所需的高度,就使沉积器通过相继地添加越来越窄的重叠层直到集管盖9封闭,从而形成完全密封的集管盖,以创建集管盖9。在此步骤中,可以根据需要增材形成集管的入口和出口,也可以在完成的集管中钻孔,以允许流体通过。

Claims (14)

1.一种热交换器盘管集管,包括:
管,固定在集管封套中;
其中,当将所述管堆叠在所述热交换器中时,所述集管封套通过增材制造现场生产;
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置,包括,热塑性集管和管材料。
3.根据权利要求1所述的装置,包括,金属集管和管材料。
4.根据权利要求1所述的装置,包括,陶瓷集管和管材料。
5.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中,所述集管层由与所述管不同的材料制成。
6.根据权利要求1所述的装置,包括,在所述管之间的翅片
7.根据权利要求1所述的装置,包括,作为热管的密封管。
8.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中,一些沉积的材料在沉积期间是固体,并且一些材料在沉积期间是液体。
9.根据权利要求7所述的装置,包括,在所述管之间的翅片。
10.一种制造热交换器盘管的方法,包括:
(1)使用增材制造沉积器以第一集管端盖的形式铺设集管材料;
(2)将第一热交换管放置在所述第一集管端盖上;
(3)使用所述增材制造沉积器将所述集管材料铺设到所述第一热交换管上方并覆盖所述第一热交换管,以将其端部封装在所述集管的内部,并且在所述第一热交换管和第二热交换管之间形成第一集管间隔部分;
(4)将第二热交换管放置在所述第一集管间隔部分上;
(5)重复步骤(3)和(4),直到达到所需的集管尺寸;
(6)使用所述增材制造沉积器以第二集管端盖的形式铺设集管材料。
11.根据权利要求10所述的用于制造热交换器盘管的方法,还包括在步骤(1)、(3)和(6)中的任何一个或多个步骤中,增材形成所述集管的入口和出口。
12.根据权利要求10所述的制造热交换器盘管的方法,还包括在所述集管中钻出孔,以使流体流入和流出所述集管。
13.根据权利要求10所述的制造热交换器盘管的方法,还包括:
(7)在形成所述第一集管端盖的同时,使用第二增材制造沉积器以第三集管端盖形式将集管材料铺设到所述热交换器盘管的相对端;
(8)其中所述将第一热交换管放置到所述第一集管端盖上的步骤还将所述第一热交换管放置到在所述第一热交换管中与所述第一集管端盖相对端处的所述第三集管端盖上;
(9)使用所述第二增材制造沉积器将集管材料铺设到所述第一热交换管上方并覆盖所述第一热交换管,以将其端部封装在所述集管的内部,并且在所述第一热交换管和第二热交换管之间、在所述第一热交换管的所述相对端处形成第二集管间隔部分;
(10)其中所述将第二热交换管放置在所述第一集管间隔部分上的步骤还将所述第二热交换管放置在所述第二集管间隔部分上;
(11)重复步骤(9)和(10),直到达到所需的集管尺寸;
(12)使用所述第二增材制造沉积器在所述热交换器盘管与所述第二集管端盖的相对端处以第四集管端盖的形式铺设集管材料。
14.一种制造热交换器盘管的方法,包括:
使用增材制造沉积器将集管材料铺设到管端周围,以及在预成型管束一端的管对管接头周围;
使用所述增材制造沉积器铺设材料层以在所述预形成的管束一端处将集管主体构建到期望的高度;
使用所述增材制造沉积器铺设连续的重叠材料层以形成集管端盖。
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