CN110957581A - Three-function super-surface integrated device based on geometric Bell phase and design method thereof - Google Patents
Three-function super-surface integrated device based on geometric Bell phase and design method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0013—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective
- H01Q15/0026—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective said selective devices having a stacked geometry or having multiple layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/02—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism
- H01Q15/12—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism functioning also as polarisation filter
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of super-surface electromagnetic regulation and control, and particularly relates to a three-function super-surface integrated device based on a geometric Bell phase and a design method thereof. The device consists of M by M super surface unit period extensions; the super-surface unit is of a three-layer metal structure and is formed by alternately laminating an upper layer of metal, a middle layer of metal and a lower layer of dielectric slab; the upper layer metal structure and the lower layer metal structure respectively comprise two sub-wavelength unit structures of a double-opening ring resonator and a folding H-shaped structure, and the middle layer metal structure is a floor structure with an etched closed ring groove; the working frequency band of the double-opening ring resonator is f1The working frequency band of the folding H-shaped structure is f2(ii) a Upon forward excitation of the device, f1To realize the reflection electromagnetic function F1，f2To realize the reflection electromagnetic function F2(ii) a Upon backward excitation, f1To realize the reflection electromagnetic function F3，f2To realize the reflection electromagnetic function F2. The three-function integrated device can provide transmission and reflection integrated full-space electromagnetic control and functions, and has the advantages of high integration level, small volume, high efficiency and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of super-surface electromagnetic regulation and control, and particularly relates to a super-surface integrated device capable of realizing multiple functions and a design method thereof.
Background
The super surface is a planar artificial electromagnetic structure formed by a series of sub-wavelength artificial electromagnetic structures according to a certain arrangement mode. The thickness is thin, the processing and the manufacturing are simple, and the electromagnetic wave regulation and control capability is strong, so that the research interest of scientific and technical personnel is aroused. The independent multi-wavefront regulation is shown on a single plate, so that the task in the fields of modern science and technology and integrated optics is very urgent, and the application prospect is bright. However, the existing reports can only provide an effective solution under any linearly polarized wave, and the existing reports can not realize the multi-task wave front regulation under any circularly polarized wave, so that the practical application is extremely hindered. The multi-task wave front regulation under the circular polarized wave is very challenging in practical implementation, and the main reasons are two aspects, namely that the phase characteristics of the same structure under different rotation directions of the circular polarized wave only generate symbol inversion, and the two rotation-direction phases and functions are locked, such as holographic images with mutually inverted positions, emission and convergence focusing, mutually symmetrical deflection wave beams and the like. More seriously, the information capacity and the function are very limited and are difficult to expand, the main reason is that the simultaneous control of 2, 3 or even more sets of geometric bell phases is difficult to realize, and how to reduce and eliminate the coupling and crosstalk among different structures, so that the realization of the independent control among the sets of geometric bell (PB) phases is the key for realizing the rotation direction three-function integrated device.
The invention discloses a multi-element integration technology based on PB phase, frequency and rotation direction, which can realize 2 different frequencies (f) under the excitation of circular polarized waves1，f2) A three-function integrated device for realizing three specific functions in different directions (transmission and reflection domains) and a design method thereof. The three-function integrated device can perform full-space electromagnetic control on reflected and transmitted electromagnetic waves, only consists of 3 layers of metal structures and 2 layers of dielectric plates, and has the advantages of high integration level, small volume, high efficiency and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a three-function super-surface integrated device capable of performing full-space electromagnetic control on transmission and reflection electromagnetic waves under excitation of circularly polarized waves and a design method thereof.
The invention provides a three-function super-surface integrated device which is based on a geometric Bell phase and can carry out full-space electromagnetic control on transmission and reflection electromagnetic waves under the excitation of circularly polarized waves. As shown in fig. 1, the transmission and reflection control of the electromagnetic wave can be considered as a set of conventional reflection and conventional transmission super-surfaces, so that the electromagnetic wave can be modulated in both transmission and reflection half-spaces with the super-surfaces as boundaries. As shown in FIG. 2, the three-function integrated device is excited in the forward direction, f1To realize the reflection electromagnetic function F1，f2To realize the reflection electromagnetic function F2(ii) a Upon backward excitation, f1To realize the reflection electromagnetic function F3，f2To realize the reflection electromagnetic function F2。
The invention provides a three-function super-surface integrated device, which is formed by arranging M-M super-surface units with different structural parameters at equal intervals in a plane; to realize the tri-functional integrated device shown in fig. 2, the super-surface unit must comprise at least three layers of metal structures, as shown in fig. 3. The three layers of super-surface units are square and have the period of p, and are formed by alternately laminating an upper layer of metal, a middle layer of metal and a lower layer of metal and two layers of dielectric slabs; the upper layer metal structure and the lower layer metal structure respectively comprise two sub-wavelength unit structures of a double-opening ring resonator and a folding H-shaped structure, and the double-opening ring resonator wraps the folding H-shaped structure to form an outer layout and an inner layout; the folding H-shaped structure consists of 2 symmetrical U-shaped structures at two ends and a middle cross structure; the middle layer metal structure is a floor structure with an etched closed circular groove; the working frequency band of the double-opening ring resonator is f1The working frequency band of the folding H-shaped structure is f2。
In the invention, the super-surface units are square and have the period of p, and the working frequency band of the double-opening ring resonator is f1The working frequency band of the folding H-shaped structure is f2Recording the structural parameters of the three-layer super-surface unit as follows: the inner radius of the double-opening ring resonator is R, and the ring width and the opening width are k and s; foldingThe line width of the H-shaped structure is k, the length and the height of the U-shaped structure are a and b respectively, the long sides and the short sides of the cross-shaped structure in the folded H-shaped structure are a +2 x k and c respectively, and the inner radius and the broadband of the closed circular groove in the middle layer are R respectivelysAnd ks. The above structural parameters satisfy the relationship: r>2*b+c，R>a+2*k，R>Rs，2*b+c>Rs>a+2*k。
When excited in the forward direction, as shown in FIG. 4, it can be seen that f1When the current is 8GHz, the surface current is mainly concentrated around the gaps of the upper layer double-opening ring structure and the middle layer circular ring, the surface current of the other structures of the unit is very weak, reverse current is formed on the upper layer metal structure and the middle layer metal structure, and similar effects can be seen after backward excitation, which shows that f1The upper layer (lower layer) double-opening ring resonator and the middle layer are etched to form a floor structure with a closed ring groove to form magnetic resonance at the frequency f1Constitutes a forward (backward) reflection mode. And at f2When the resonant cavity is excited forward or backward at 12GHz, the surface current is mainly concentrated around the circular ring gaps of the upper and lower layer folding H-shaped structures and the middle layer, and the outer ring double-opening ring resonator hardly has induced current, which shows that f2The magnetic resonance is determined by the upper and lower layers of folded H-shaped structures, i.e. the upper and lower layers of folded H-shaped structures and the middle layer of floor structure with etched closed circular groove at frequency f2Forming an ABA high efficiency transmission mode. On the other hand, the surface current is only concentrated on the corresponding structure in both cases, and the current is very weak at the rest structures, which indicates that the double-open-ring resonator and the folded H-shaped structure have the frequency f1And f2The reflection mode and the transmission mode are completely independent, and the isolation is good, so that the foundation is laid for the subsequent independent three-function integration.
According to the requirements of the three-function integrated device, the invention optimally designs the super-surface unit structure, and the specific steps are as follows.
The first step is as follows: a classical band-pass frequency selective surface structure (FSS) structure is introduced into a super surface, and an ABA (Absolute splitter) passband efficient transmission mode is constructed.
Firstly, through the comparison analysis of band-pass FSS characteristics, the selected sub-wavelength has better characteristic, wider bandwidth and better polarization and angle insensitivityThe circular groove FSS is used as an intermediate layer (B) for low frequency f1High frequency f acting as floor2Acts as a band pass filter. The classic cross slot and the annular slot FSS units are taken as examples, and verification is respectively carried out on the aspects of sub-wavelength characteristics, bandwidth and polarization sensitivity. In order to verify the bandwidth and sub-wavelength characteristics, the period p of the cross slot and the period p of the sub-wavelength are kept to be 9.5mm, the thickness h of the medium on two sides is kept to be 1mm, and the width of the slot is kept to be 0.5mm, and the length a of the cross slot and the diameter d of the circular slot are scanned in a parameter mode. As shown in fig. 5, it is clear that the circular ring slot FSS is smaller electrically and has better subwavelength characteristics by simulation, when a is 8.8mm and d is 5.8mm, the center frequencies of both are 12 GHz. Meanwhile, the bandwidth of the circular ring groove FSS is larger than that of the cross groove FSS. As shown in fig. 6, when the x and y polarizations are obliquely incident and the incident angle is changed in the range of 0 °, 30 ° and 60 °, the circular ring slot FSS has a smaller degree of electromagnetic response variation with angle and a lower sensitivity than the cross slot FSS, and the cross slot FSS generates a higher order resonance around 14GHz, so the circular ring slot FSS has a better oblique incidence stability and polarization insensitivity.
Secondly, through comparative analysis of electromagnetic characteristics of the upper and lower layer classical H structures and the folding H structure, the folding H structure with smaller unit power, better edge filtering rectangularity and higher quality factor is selected as the upper and lower layer metal structures (A) of the ABA framework, and the problem of size matching of the transmission and reflection mode structures is well solved. As shown in FIG. 7, the cross-polarization transmission amplitude | t of the transmission cell is given for several casesRLThe operating frequency of the center of the unit is designed to be f2As can be seen from 12GHz, the circular ring groove FSS operating at 12GHz is directly combined with the double-layer H-shaped structure operating at 12GHz as the intermediate layer to form the ABA structure, and the unit transmittance is very low, because there is mutual influence between the two structures, and an integrated design is required. Further, the H-shaped and folded H-shaped ABA structures after integrated optimization design have high transmittance, the transmission peak value is as high as 0.97, which is obviously higher than the transmittance of an AA system formed by only a double-layer H-shaped structure, because the ABA forms strong resonance, forms transmission attraction similar to opposite attraction, and increases the transmission peak. At the same time, byBy contrast, the folded H-shaped ABA structure has a higher quality factor and a sharper resonance peak. It is very advantageous to form a stable geometric bell phase.
Finally, the structural parameters (a, b, c, R) of the ABA system unit are designedsAnd ks) Such that the scattering matrix of the cell satisfies r in a Cartesian coordinate system (x, y, z)xx＝ryy＝0，|txx|＝|t yy1 and arg (t)xx)-arg(tyy) + -pi, as shown in fig. 8(b), in which case the cell has a circularly polarized cross-polarized transmission amplitude of approximately 1 under circular polarized wave excitation, while the remaining three components are each zero, as shown in fig. 8(d), where t isxx，tyy，rxxAnd ryyTheir main polarization transmission and reflection amplitudes under x, y linear polarization excitation, arg (t)xx)，arg(tyy)，arg(rxx)，arg(ryy) Respectively, the main polarization transmission phase and the reflection phase under the excitation of x and y linear polarization waves.
The second step is that: and introducing the double-opening ring resonator into the ABA super surface to construct a high-efficiency low-frequency reflection mode.
By designing a double-open-loop resonator capable of surrounding a folded H structure at the upper layer and the lower layer and adjusting the structural parameters (R, k and s) of the double-open-loop resonator, the scattering matrix of the unit satisfies r in a Cartesian coordinate systemxx＝ryy＝1，|txx|＝|t yy0 and arg (r)xx)-arg(ryy) As shown in fig. 8(a), the cell has a circular polarization co-polarized reflection amplitude of approximately 1 under circular polarization excitation, and the remaining three components are each zero, as shown in fig. 8 (c). In this case the cell has a circularly polarized main polarization reflection amplitude of approximately 1 under circular polarized wave excitation.
The third step: synthesizing a three-layer ABA structure with transmission and reflection integration, and evaluating the isolation of transmission and reflection modes
With the ABA band-pass high-transmittance structure of the first step and the high-efficiency reflection structure of the second step, a final three-layer unit structure integrating both transmittance and reflection can be constructed, as shown in fig. 3. According to the method, high-efficiency transmissivity and reflectivity and high isolation of the transmissivity and the reflection can be realized, so that the final super surface can independently modulate the phases of the transmitted wave and the reflected wave respectively;
optimizing and determining the final structure parameters of the unit, specifically as follows: rs＝2.3mm，ks0.4mm, 2.9mm, 0.3mm, 2.1mm, 1.25mm, 0.9mm, and 0.4 mm. The dielectric plate has a thickness of 1mm and a dielectric constant epsilonr2.65 pieces of polytetrafluoroethylene (F4B) media. The metal is copper and the thickness is 0.036 mm. For verification, fig. 9 shows a transmission amplitude spectrum curve of a three-layer ABA transmission/reflection unit finally designed when the structure is not rotated, and it can be clearly seen that the unit is excited by circularly polarized waves at f 18 and f22 peaks are formed at 12GHz, namely a homopolar reflection peak and a cross-polarization transmission peak. After the integrated structure is determined, the isolation of the final unit transmission and reflection modes needs to be evaluated. When the folded H-shaped structure of the three-layer transflective unit is rotated, as shown in FIG. 10, θ is changed1(0 ℃ to 90 ℃), it can be seen that when θ is1When equal to 45 deg., f2Transmission amplitude | t at 12GHzRLI reaches a maximum of 0.98 and decreases to a minimum of 0.91 at 0 and 90, and tRLIs dependent on the angle theta1The transmission phase change value is 2 times of the rotation angle change value and is a typical geometric Bell phase, and the amplitudes and the phases of the other three scattering coefficients are in f1And remains almost unchanged. Most importantly, the folded H-shaped structure rotates with the reflection amplitude and phase remaining nearly unchanged, indicating that the transmissive mode has little effect on the reflective mode. When the double-open-ring resonator of the upper or lower layer is rotated, that is, θ is changed as shown in fig. 112(0-90 deg.), and the rest structure is kept unchanged, and the reflection amplitude is f1All kept high at 8GHz and relatively stable (| r)LL| 0.97), but reflective mode rLLReflection phase and rotation angle theta of2Also linearly varying and 2 times linear, is a typical geometric bell phase. Similarly, the transmission amplitude and phase are at f2And remains almost unchanged, indicating that the reflective mode has little effect on the transmissive mode. In summary, the reflection mode and the transmission modeThe transmission mode has good isolation and incoherence, the transmission mode and the reflection mode can work independently, the transmission super-surface unit and the reflection super-surface unit can respectively and independently modulate the phases of the transmission wave and the reflection wave, and a solid foundation is laid for the subsequent design of a multifunctional transmission super-surface array and a multifunctional reflection super-surface array.
The fourth step: three specific functions of the super-surface are predetermined, and three phase distributions are determined.
Firstly, three specific electromagnetic functions needing to be controlled, such as beam deflection, beam focusing, vortex light generation, a luneberg lens, a fisheye lens and the like, are determined, and the functions are combined randomly to form the independently controlled three-function circularly polarized transmission and reflection integrated super surface. Here, beam deflection, beam focusing, and vortex light generation are selected as three functions of the super-surface, and the phase distribution on the synthetic super-surface is calculated, as shown in fig. 12, 13, and 14.
The fifth step: and determining the topological structure of the super surface, namely the structure of each three-layer super surface unit on the caliber according to the three phase distributions to realize the three-function integrated device.
Firstly, the azimuth angle of the upper layer double-open ring resonator is rotated to make the azimuth angle satisfy theta2Distribution, keeping other structural parameters unchanged to realize beam deflection in reflection mode (function one, F)1) (ii) a Then, on the basis of keeping the arrangement of the I-layer double-opening ring resonator unchanged, the upper layer folding H structure and the lower layer folding H structure rotate simultaneously, so that the azimuth angle meets phi distribution, and the generation of vortex wave beams in a transmission mode is realized (function two, F)2) (ii) a Finally, only rotating the azimuth angle of the lower layer double-opening ring resonator to enable the azimuth angle to meet theta1Distributed to realize beam focusing in reflection mode (function three, F)3). The structural distribution of the layers over the aperture of the array synthesized according to step 4 is shown in figures 12, 13 and 14.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a transmission and reflection integrated super-surface function having both reflection and transmission functions.
Fig. 2 is a functional schematic diagram of a full-space three-function integrated device.
FIG. 3 is a structural diagram of an ABA circularly polarized wave excitation transmission and reflection super-surface unit.
FIG. 4 is a current distribution diagram for a super-surface cell. (a) Current distribution of xoy and xoz planes in reflection mode; (b) transmissive mode xoy and current distribution at xoz planes.
FIG. 5 is a transmission curve of the circular ring slot and the cross slot FSS when the central operating frequencies are both 12 GHz.
FIG. 6 is a graph of the transmission spectrum of the cross slot and annular slot FSS cell transmission response as a function of oblique incidence angle.
FIG. 7 is a topology of (a) H-shaped and (b) folded H-shaped ABA transmissive units; (c) transmission curves, | t, of double-layer H-shaped units, H-shaped units loaded with FSS, optimized H-shaped ABA transmission units and folded H-shaped ABA transmission unitsRLAnd | represents the transmission amplitude from the left-handed circularly polarized wave to the right-handed circularly polarized wave.
FIG. 8 is (a) the main polarization reflection coefficients of a double open-ring resonator loaded with a circular ring slot FSS under excitation of x and y linearly polarized waves; (b) the main polarization reflection coefficient of the H-shaped ABA transmission unit under the excitation of x and y linear polarization waves; (c) the transmission and reflection coefficients of the double-open-ring resonator under the excitation of the circularly polarized wave; (d) and the transmission and reflection coefficients of the folded H-shaped ABA transmission unit under the excitation of the circularly polarized waves.
FIG. 9 is a transmission and reflection amplitude spectrum curve of a finally designed three-layer ABA transmission and reflection unit under excitation of circularly polarized waves. | rLLI denotes the reflection amplitude from LCP wave to LCP wave, | tRLL represents the transmission amplitude from the LCP to the RCP wave.
FIG. 10 is θ1(ii) the magnitude of reflection, transmission of the cell when varied; (b) a transmission phase; (c) a reflected phase; (d) transmission amplitude and phase with theta1The change curve of (2).
FIG. 11 is θ2(ii) the magnitude of reflection, transmission of the cell when varied; (b) a reflected phase; (c) a transmission phase; (d) reflection amplitude and phase with theta2The change curve of (2).
Fig. 12 shows (a) a linear gradient phase profile and (b) an array arrangement of upper SRRs.
Fig. 13 shows (a) the focusing phase distribution and (b) the arrangement of the lower SRRs array.
FIG. 14 shows the vortex beam phase distribution and the array arrangement of the upper and lower layer folded H-shaped structures.
FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a simulated singular beam deflection function F under excitation of circularly polarized waves1: (a) simulating a three-dimensional far-field directional diagram; (b) simulating a two-dimensional far-field directional diagram; (c) simulating electric field distribution; (d) and simulating the distribution of the scattered field.
FIG. 16 shows a singular beam deflection function F under linear polarization excitation1: (a) simulating an LCP two-dimensional far-field directional diagram; (b) simulating a total two-dimensional far-field directional diagram; (c) simulating an RCP two-dimensional far-field directional diagram; (b) simulating a total three-dimensional far-field directional diagram; (e) xoz simulate the total electric field distribution in-plane.
FIG. 17 shows the focusing and high-gain reflector antenna function F under excitation of circularly polarized waves and a feed source3: simulating (a) electric field amplitude distribution during plane wave excitation and (b) simulating real part distribution of an electric field during feed source excitation; (c) the simulated radiation far field distribution of the broadband Archimedes spiral antenna when excited; (d) broadband archimedes spiral antenna performance.
FIG. 18 shows vortex beam generation F under feed excitation2. (a) Simulating far field distribution; (b) simulating the amplitude of an electric field in the xoy plane; (c) simulating the distribution of x and y component electric fields in the xoy plane; (d) xoz simulate electric field distribution in cross section.
FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of (a) a far field testing apparatus, (b) a circularly polarized horn, (c) a near field testing apparatus, and (d) a sample of a processed trifunctional device.
Fig. 20 shows (a) a two-dimensional far-field normalized distribution of the reflected beam deflector and (b) a two-dimensional far-field distribution of the reflecting surface antenna.
Fig. 21 shows (a) near-field amplitude distribution, (b) phase distribution, and (c) two-dimensional far-field distribution of the transmitted vortex beam.
Detailed Description
The following describes a specific implementation of the three-function integrated device by way of example. First, the reflection mode modulation when the circularly polarized wave is excited in the + z direction, i.e., the beam deflecting function F1, is designed. The reflecting wave beams can be subjected to singular deflection according to the design angle by changing the phase arrangement of the array units to form a linear gradient phase. According to the generalized Snell law, the obtained deflection angle and phase distribution satisfy the following relation:
the whole super-surface array is composed of 20 multiplied by 20 units, and the phase arrangement can be calculated by formula (1), wherein the deflection angle theta is settIs 30 deg.. FDTD simulation calculation is carried out on the array structure by adopting commercial simulation software CST, LCP plane waves are adopted for irradiation in the simulation process, and the PB phase theory shows that reflected waves are also LCP plane waves. As shown in fig. 15, it can be seen from the three-dimensional pattern that the reflected wave beam deflection angle is consistent with the theoretical expectation, and the side lobe is almost zero. And it can be seen from the electric field distribution at the xoz plane that the reflected wave maintains good plane wave characteristics. In order to quantitatively research the deflection efficiency, the equal-size metal plate is adopted for normalization treatment, and the deflection efficiency can be obtained:
PRreflecting total energy P after super surface deflection of plane waveMetalTotal reflected energy, P, for replacing the super-surface with a metal plate of equal sizeR_LCPThe beam deflection efficiency η for the trifunctional integrated device obtained by substituting the corresponding values for the reflected main beam energy is 85%.
Following function F1The scattering characteristics of the light and color mark are evaluated, and the simulated deflection angle of the bright and color mark is well matched with the theoretical predicted value of the purple triangular mark, and the working bandwidth with the deflection efficiency of more than 60 percent is 7.7-8.3 GHz.
The modulation of the reflection mode upon excitation in the-z direction, i.e. the high gain radiation function F, is discussed below3The reflection surface high-gain antenna principle is based on the effect that the reflection type focusing super surface corrects the inconsistent phase caused by different paths to converge the wave beam, and the aperture phase distribution on the super surface meets the following requirements:
wherein λ is the center frequency f1At a wavelength, F is the focal length and is set to F50 mm, phi0Is a reference phase. And x and y are unit coordinates. The feed antenna is approximated as a point source, placed at the focal point of the focusing super-surface. Spherical waves emitted by the feed source can be changed into plane waves after being reflected by the focusing super surface, so that the same-phase radiation of the aperture antenna is formed, and high-gain and high-directional radiation is formed.
For verification, LCP plane waves are firstly adopted to excite the super-surface, as shown in FIG. 17, an electric field light spot in an xoz plane shows that the super-surface obviously forms an energy focus in a reflection area, the distance between the light spot and the super-surface is 46-54 mm, and the strongest position of the light spot intensity is a focusing focus which is 50mm away from the super-surface. This indicates a perfect agreement with the theoretical set focal length. And then, exciting by using a feed source, wherein the feed source adopts a broadband Archimedes spiral antenna, and the axial ratio, the two-dimensional directional diagram and the three-dimensional directional diagram of the feed source at 8 and 12GHz can be obtained through simulation. At both frequencies, the feed can be approximated as a point source, radiating a quasi-spherical wave, with maximum gains of 6.7dB (8GHz) and 6.8dB (12 GHz). Within the range of main radiation angle (-90 deg.), the axial ratio is lower than 3dB, and the feed source has good circular polarization characteristic. From the electric field profile in the plane xoz, it can be seen that the spherical wave is transformed by the super-surface into a plane wave, traveling in the + z direction, consistent with expectations, and the transmitted wave energy is small, indicating that the intermediate layer FSS structure is nearly acting as a metal plate for this mode. In addition, according to a far-field directional diagram, the maximum radiation gain of the reflector antenna reaches 17.6dB, and is improved by 10.8dB compared with a feed antenna, and the directivity and the radiation gain are obviously improved.
The following discusses the transmission mode modulation upon excitation of circularly polarized waves in the + z or-z direction, i.e. the vortex beam generating function F2. In contrast to the first and third functions described above, function two operates near 12GHz in the transmissive mode. The aperture structures required by the former two functions are kept unchanged, and the folded H-shaped unit structures are orderly arranged and arrayed. The phase distribution on the caliber surface is the superposition of a focusing parabolic phase and a vortex phase with the topological load l being 1. Excited by the above feed source, as shown in FIG. 18, from three-dimensional far-field patternxoz the electric field distribution in the plane shows that most of the incident wave is transmitted and forms a vortex beam with zero radiation in the center, which is a singular point. From the amplitude of the electric field of the section at the position where the xoy plane z is 200mm, the center of the section has near zero electromagnetic intensity, and the transmission beam is verified to be a vortex light beam with a hollow middle part again. Meanwhile, the clear vortex arm can be seen from the electric field distribution of the x component and the y component in the xoy plane, and is the typical spiral arm characteristic of the vortex beam.
And finally, carrying out experimental verification on the three-function integrated device. The transmission and reflection super surface is composed of two layers of polytetrafluoroethylene (F4B) medium plates with the thickness of 1mm and three layers of metal layers with the thickness of 0.036mm, the overall section is approximately equal to 2mm, and the dielectric constant epsilon of F4Br2.65, loss tangent tan (δ)r) 0.003. The two copper-clad plates are fixed by a medium screw and are adhered to blue rigid foam (the relative dielectric constant is close to 1) for fixation. As shown in fig. 19, the whole testing process is divided into two parts: far field testing and near field testing. The far field test is used for testing far field patterns of three functions, when the test function is one, a broadband circularly polarized horn with 6-14GHz rotation direction switchable is used as an excitation source to emit circularly polarized waves, the horn and a sample are fixed on a rotary table together, and the same circularly polarized horn is used for receiving in a far field. On the other hand, when function two and function three were tested, the right-hand broadband archimedes circularly polarized antenna was fixed at a distance of 50mm from the sample while receiving with a circularly polarized horn. Wherein the transmitting and receiving antennas are connected to 2 ports of the vector network analyzer, respectively. In order to further analyze the vortex phase of the second function, the near-field characteristic needs to be tested, an 8-14GHz probe is used as a receiving antenna, the distance from the sample is 200mm, and the scanning area is 200 multiplied by 200mm2The step size is 10 mm.
As shown in fig. 20, for function one, it can be seen that the maximum radiation direction for both occurs around 30 °, consistent with the theoretical calculation, and the radiation levels at other angles are below-13 dB, indicating that most of the reflected wave energy is concentrated in the main lobe, with the minor lobe being smaller. For function three, the maximum radiation gain of the system at 8GHz reaches 17.8dB, so that the feed source gain is improved by 10.8dB, and the width of a main lobe is reduced to 18 degrees.
For the second function, the far-field result is shown in fig. 21(c), the simulation result and the test result are well matched, obvious hollow radiation is generated at the position of 0 degree, the intensity is-19.2 dB and is close to 0, the field angle of the vortex beam is 8.2 degrees, and compared with a feed source antenna working at 12GHz, the maximum gain of the test is improved by 10.7dB and reaches 17.8 dB. On the other hand, the normalized amplitude of the two-dimensional near field of the vortex beam obtained by the test is well matched with the simulation value, and an obvious spiral wavefront is displayed.
Claims (7)
1. A super-surface three-function integrated device based on geometric Bell phase is characterized by comprising M × M super-surface units with different structural parameters, wherein the M × M super-surface units are periodically extended at equal intervals in a plane; the super-surface units are square and have a period of p; the super-surface unit is of a three-layer metal structure and is formed by alternately laminating an upper layer of metal, a middle layer of metal and a lower layer of metal and two layers of dielectric slabs; the upper layer metal structure and the lower layer metal structure respectively comprise two sub-wavelength unit structures of a double-opening ring resonator and a folding H-shaped structure, and the double-opening ring resonator wraps the folding H-shaped structure to form an outer layout and an inner layout; the folding H-shaped structure consists of 2 symmetrical U-shaped structures at two ends and a middle cross structure; the middle layer metal structure is a floor structure with an etched closed circular groove; the working frequency band of the double-opening ring resonator is f1The working frequency band of the folding H-shaped structure is f2(ii) a When the three-function integrated device is excited in the forward direction, f1To realize the reflection electromagnetic function F1，f2To realize the reflection electromagnetic function F2(ii) a Upon backward excitation, f1To realize the reflection electromagnetic function F3，f2To realize the reflection electromagnetic function F2(ii) a The upper, middle and lower metal structures are recorded as ABA structures.
2. The geometric bell-phase-based super-surface three-function integrated device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the three-layer super-surface unit has the following structural parameters: the inner radius of the double-opening ring resonator is R, and the ring width and the opening width are k and s; the line width of the folded H-shaped structure is k, wherein the length and the height of the U-shaped structure are respectivelyThe long sides and the short sides of the cross structure in the folded H-shaped structure are a +2 xk and c respectively, and the inner radius and the wide band of the closed circular groove in the middle layer are R respectivelysAnd ks(ii) a The above structural parameters satisfy the relationship: r>2*b+c，R>a+2*k，R>Rs，2*b+c>Rs>a+2*k。
3. The geometric Bell phase-based hyper-surface tri-functional integrated device according to claim 2, wherein the structural parameters a, b, c, RsAnd ksThe scattering matrix of the cell satisfies r in a Cartesian coordinate system (x, y, z)xx＝ryy＝0，|txx|＝|tyy1 and arg (t)xx)-arg(tyy) N,. pi,. here txx，tyy，rxxAnd ryyTheir main polarization transmission and reflection amplitudes under x, y linear polarization excitation, arg (t)xx)，arg(tyy)，arg(rxx)，arg(ryy) Respectively, the main polarization transmission phase and the reflection phase under the excitation of x and y linear polarization waves.
4. The geometric Bell phase-based super-surface three-function integrated device as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the double-open-loop resonator surrounding the folded H structure, the structural parameters R, k and s satisfy r in the Cartesian coordinate system, and the scattering matrix of the unit satisfies rxx＝ryy＝1，|txx|＝|tyy0 and arg (r)xx)-arg(ryy)＝±π。
5. The geometric bell-phase-based hyper-surface tri-functional integrated device according to claim 2, wherein the structural parameters of the hyper-surface unit are as follows: rs＝2.3mm，ks0.4mm, 2.9mm, 0.3mm, 2.1mm, 1.25mm, 0.9mm, 0.4 mm; the metal is copper and the thickness is 0.036 mm.
6. The design method of the geometric bell-phase-based super-surface three-function integrated device as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
the first step is as follows: introducing a classic band-pass frequency selection surface structure FSS into a super surface to construct an ABA (Absolute absorption Rate) passband efficient transmission mode
Firstly, through the comparison analysis of the band-pass FSS characteristics, the circular ring groove FSS with better sub-wavelength characteristics, wider bandwidth and better polarization and angle insensitivity is selected as an intermediate layer (B) for the low frequency f1High frequency f acting as floor2Functions as a band pass filter;
secondly, through comparative analysis of electromagnetic characteristics of the upper and lower layer classical H structures and the folding H structure, the folding H structure with smaller unit power, better edge filtering rectangularity and higher quality factor is selected as the upper and lower layer metal structures (A) of the ABA framework, and the problem of size matching of the transmission and reflection mode structures can be well solved;
finally, by designing the structural parameters of the ABA system unit: a. b, c, RsAnd ksSuch that the scattering matrix of the cell satisfies r in a Cartesian coordinate system (x, y, z)xx＝ryy＝0，|txx|＝|tyy1 and arg (t)xx)-arg(tyy) + -pi, when the cell has a circularly polarized cross-polarized transmission amplitude of approximately 1 under excitation by a circularly polarized wave, and the three remaining components are each zero, where t isxx，tyy，rxxAnd ryyTheir main polarization transmission and reflection amplitudes under x, y linear polarization excitation, arg (t)xx)，arg(tyy)，arg(rxx)，arg(ryy) The main polarization transmission phase and the reflection phase under the excitation of x and y linear polarization waves respectively;
the second step is that: introducing the double-opening ring resonator into the ABA super surface to construct a high-efficiency low-frequency reflection mode
By respectively designing a double-open-loop resonator capable of surrounding a folded H structure at the upper layer and the lower layer and adjusting the structural parameters (R, k and s) of the double-open-loop resonator, the scattering matrix of the unit satisfies r in a Cartesian coordinate systemxx＝ryy＝1，|txx|＝|tyy0 and arg (r)xx)-arg(ryy) Pi, thisWhen the unit is excited by circularly polarized waves, the circularly polarized homopolarized reflection amplitude is close to 1, and the other three components are respectively zero, or the unit is excited by circularly polarized waves and has the circularly polarized main polarized reflection amplitude close to 1;
the third step: synthesizing a three-layer ABA structure with transmission and reflection integration, and evaluating the isolation of transmission and reflection modes
With the ABA band-pass high-transmittance structure in the first step and the high-efficiency reflection structure in the second step, a final three-layer unit structure integrating transmittance and reflection can be constructed; according to the method, high-efficiency transmissivity and reflectivity and high isolation of the transmissivity and the reflection can be realized, so that the final super surface can independently modulate the phases of the transmitted wave and the reflected wave respectively;
the fourth step: three specific functions of the predetermined super-surface, three phase distributions are determined
Selecting three functions of beam deflection, beam focusing and vortex light generation as a super surface, and calculating phase distribution on the synthetic super surface;
the fifth step: determining topological structure of the super surface, namely structure of each three-layer super surface unit on the caliber according to three phase distributions to realize three-function integrated device
Firstly, the azimuth angle of the upper layer double-open ring resonator is rotated to make the azimuth angle satisfy theta2Distributing and keeping other structural parameters unchanged to realize beam deflection in a reflection mode, namely function one, F1(ii) a Then, on the basis of keeping the arrangement of the I-layer double-opening ring resonator unchanged, the upper layer folding H structure and the lower layer folding H structure rotate simultaneously, so that the azimuth angle meets phi distribution, and the generation of vortex beams in a transmission mode is realized, namely, the functions of two and F2(ii) a Finally, only rotating the azimuth angle of the lower layer double-opening ring resonator to enable the azimuth angle to meet theta1Distributed to achieve beam focusing in reflection mode, i.e. function three, F3。
7. The design method of the geometric bell-phase-based super-surface three-function integrated device as claimed in claim 6, wherein the final structure parameters of the super-surface unit are determined optimally as follows: rs＝2.3mm，ks0.4mm, 2.9mm, 0.3mm, 2.1mm, 1.25mm, 0.9mm, 0.4 mm; the metal is copper and the thickness is 0.036 mm.
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