CN111900550A - Impedance and phase dual-modulation fused dual-source super-surface high-directivity antenna - Google Patents
Impedance and phase dual-modulation fused dual-source super-surface high-directivity antenna Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0086—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
- H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
- H01Q1/288—Satellite antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns
Abstract
The invention provides a dual-source super-surface high-directivity antenna integrating impedance and phase dual modulation, and aims to provide a dual-source super-surface high-directivity antenna integrating impedance and phase dual modulation. The super-surface array antenna comprises a first feed source, a second feed source and a super-surface array; the super-surface structure adopts a symmetrical annular metal patch structure with a metal floor; the super-surface array is printed with symmetrical annular metal patches at the positions of a phase regulation range and a surface impedance regulation range, and the rest parts are printed with square annular metal patches; the first radiation source is arranged at the center of the super-surface array; and the phase center of the spherical second feed source is arranged at the focus of the super-surface array. The invention realizes the functions of axial high-directional radiation through surface impedance modulation at the first frequency and radial high-directional radiation through phase regulation at the second frequency, and can be used in the field of wireless communication.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, relates to a super-surface antenna, and particularly relates to a dual-source super-surface high-directivity antenna integrating impedance and phase dual modulation, which can be used in the fields of wireless communication and radar.
Technical Field
With the rapid development of satellite communication and mobile communication, the super surface has the characteristics of low thickness, low loss and easy regulation and control of surface impedance. The holographic surface antenna based on the super surface has the characteristics of low profile and easiness in processing, however, in the design and research aiming at the holographic surface antenna at present, the function of directional radiation can be realized by utilizing the holographic principle and impedance modulation. For example, patent application publication No. CN103367884A entitled "a low-profile conical exit pattern antenna based on holographic principle and impedance surface" discloses a low-profile conical exit pattern antenna based on holographic principle and impedance surface, which includes a square super-surface array formed by impedance modulation and a monopole feed source located in the center of the super-surface array, and the antenna modulates a cylindrical surface wave generated by a monopole through surface impedance modulation of the square super-surface to realize high directional radiation, but the antenna only modulates surface impedance, and does not modulate the phase of a space wave.
On the other hand, the super-surface also has a phase control function, for example, patent application with publication number CN105633593A, entitled "an array antenna", discloses an array antenna, which includes an antenna reflection plate and a radiator disposed on the antenna reflection plate, and the antenna utilizes the control of the i-shaped and cross-shaped super-surface units on the reflection phase to realize high directional radiation and effectively reduce the side lobe, but the antenna only controls the phase, and the surface impedance is not modulated.
Although the existing research utilizes the surface impedance characteristic of a super surface and uses a holographic principle and impedance modulation to realize directional radiation, the existing research cannot realize the high directional radiation by respectively modulating the surface impedance at different frequency points and regulating and controlling the phase of a space wave, cannot integrate impedance and phase dual modulation, and is difficult to meet the use requirement of high aperture utilization rate of an antenna array surface at different frequency points in satellite communication and mobile communication.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a dual-source super-surface high-directivity antenna integrating impedance and phase dual modulation, aiming at realizing directional radiation by modulating surface impedance at a first frequency and realizing directional radiation by regulating and controlling the phase of a space wave at a second frequency and improving the utilization rate of an antenna aperture surface.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention comprises a super surface array 1, a first feed source 2 and a second feed source 3; the first feed source 2 is fixed at the geometric center of the super-surface array 1 and used for forming a cylindrical surface radiation field vertical to the super-surface array 1; a second feed source 3 is fixed on one side of the upper surface of the super-surface array 1 through a support 4, and the geometric center of an output port of the second feed source 3 is positioned at the focus of the super-surface array 1 and used for forming a spherical radiation field; the super-surface array 1 comprises m × n super-surface units 11 which are periodically arranged, each super-surface unit 11 comprises a dielectric plate 111, symmetrical annular metal patches 112 printed on the upper surface of the dielectric plate 111 and a metal base plate 113 printed on the lower surface of the dielectric plate 111, m is greater than or equal to 50, and n is greater than or equal to 50.
The super-surface array 1, wherein the size satisfies the phase
Control range and surface impedance ZSThe symmetrical annular metal patch 112 at the position of the (x, y) regulation range adopts a square ring metal patch structure 1121 or a Yelu cold cross ring metal patch structure 1122, and the rest positions adopt square ring metal patch structures 1121 which have the same line width and the side length l determined based on an interference pattern of the holographic principle and are used for modulating the surface wave excited by the first feed source 2 at the first frequency into a highly directional pencil-shaped beam and regulating the space wave generated by the second feed source 3 at the second frequency into a highly directional pencil-shaped beam, wherein,
and ZSThe adjustment ranges of (x, y) are respectively:
Z(x,y)-gs*M＜ZS(x,y)＜Z(x,y)+gs*M
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
for the phase values at the center position (x, y) of the symmetric annular metal patch 112 calculated by the phase profile,
in order to control the phase of the region,
z (x, y) is the surface impedance value of the center position of the symmetrical annular metal patch 112 calculated by an interferogram of the holographic principle, M is the modulation depth, gsIs a surface impedance controllable factor, gs≤0.02。
In the above dual-source super-surface high-directivity antenna with impedance and phase dual modulation combined, the phase value of the central position (x, y) of the symmetric annular metal patch 112 calculated by the phase distribution diagram
And the distribution formulas of the surface impedance values Z (x, y) at the center positions of the symmetrical annular metal patches 112 calculated by the interferogram of the holographic principle are respectively:
Z(x,y)＝j[Xs+Mcos(k0nr1-ktx)]
wherein, XsIs the average surface impedance, k0Is the free space wavenumber, n is the average surface refractive index of the holographic impedance surface, r1The distance, k, between any point on the holographic impedance surface and the radial radiation source along the surfacetTangential wave number of the radiated plane wave along the x direction, f is the phase of the second feed 3The distance of the bit center from the super-surface array 1.
In the dual-source super-surface high-directivity antenna integrating impedance and phase dual modulation, the square-ring metal patch structure 1121 has equal line width and the side length dimension determined based on an interferogram of the holographic principle, and a relational expression between the surface impedance Z of the super-surface unit 11 and the side length of the square-ring metal patch structure 1121 with the line width of 0.4mm is as follows:
Z＝51.6556l3-285.423l2+538.2193l-258.663。
the dual-source super-surface high-directivity antenna integrating impedance and phase dual modulation is characterized in that the first feed source 2 adopts a monopole antenna or a helical antenna.
In the dual-source super-surface high-directivity antenna integrating impedance and phase dual modulation, the second feed source 3 adopts a rectangular waveguide or a rectangular horn.
In the dual-source super-surface high-directivity antenna integrating impedance and phase dual modulation, the support 4 is made of a dielectric material.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention carries out impedance modulation on the super-surface unit through an interference pattern of a holographic principle, regulates and controls surface waves through the impedance modulation, and realizes high-directionality pencil beam radiation on the holographic surface by taking a monopole or a helical antenna as a feed source at a frequency point I; the phase of the rectangular horn antenna radiation reflected wave is regulated and controlled by further performing phase regulation and control on the super-surface unit in the impedance modulation range, and high-directionality pencil beam radiation is realized. Compared with the prior art, the problem that the directional radiation is realized by carrying out impedance modulation on the surface impedance at the first frequency point and considering that the space wave phase is regulated and controlled at the second frequency is solved, and the utilization rate of the antenna aperture surface is effectively improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a super-surface unit employed in the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the surface impedance of the impedance surface unit and the side length of a square-ring metal patch with a line width of 0.4mm
FIG. 4 is a mapping comparison graph of surface impedance versus phase compensation for square ring super-surface units with line widths of 0.1mm, 0.5mm, and 1mm in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a mapping comparison diagram of surface impedance versus phase compensation of a square ring super-surface unit and a Jelry spray cooling cross ring super-surface unit with line widths of 0.2mm and 0.4mm respectively in the invention;
fig. 6 is a far-field two-dimensional gain comparison graph in the direction of 0 ° at 15GHz for the embodiment and the embodiment of the present invention under the condition of monopole feeding only;
FIG. 7 is a far-field two-dimensional gain contrast curve diagram in the direction of 0 degree at 20GHz without phase control in the embodiment and the embodiment under the condition of only rectangular horn feeding in the invention
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific examples.
Referring to fig. 1, the invention comprises a super surface array 1, a monopole feed source 2, a rectangular horn feed source 3 and a bracket 4;
in the embodiment, the monopole feed source 2 is fixed at the geometric center of the super-surface array 1 and is used for forming a cylindrical surface radiation field perpendicular to the super-surface array 1; the rectangular horn feed source 3 is fixed at the focus position of the super-surface array 1 through a support 4, and the geometric center of an output port of the rectangular horn feed source 3 is superposed with the focus of the super-surface array 1 to form a spherical radiation field; the super-surface array 1 comprises mxn super-surface units 11 which are periodically arranged, the super-surface units 11 comprise a dielectric plate 111 with the thickness of 0.5mm, symmetrical annular metal patches 112 printed on the upper surface of the dielectric plate 111 and a metal base plate 113 printed on the lower surface of the dielectric plate, m is greater than or equal to 50, n is greater than or equal to 50, the larger the values of m and n are, the higher the conversion rate of the super-surface array 1 for converting surface waves excited by the monopole feed source 2 into plane waves of directional radiation is, but the aperture utilization rate is reduced, and the conversion rate of the super-surface array 1 for cylindrical surface waves and the aperture utilization rate are synthesized, wherein m is 60, and n is 60 in the embodiment. Said pairA so-called annular metal patch 112 of a size satisfying the phase
Control range and surface impedance ZSAt the position of the (x, y) regulation range, a square ring metal patch structure 1121 or a Yelu cold cross ring metal patch structure 1122 is adopted, and the type and the size of the square ring metal patch structure 1121 or the Yelu cold cross ring metal patch structure 1122 are determined by
The remaining positions adopt square ring metal patch structures 1121 which have equal line widths and the side length l is determined by an interference pattern based on the holographic principle, and the square ring metal patch structures are used for modulating surface waves excited by the monopole feed source 2 into high-directivity pencil-shaped beam radiation and regulating and controlling space waves generated by the rectangular horn feed source 3 into the high-directivity pencil-shaped beam. Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
and ZSThe adjustment ranges of (x, y) are respectively:
Z(x,y)-gs*M＜ZS(x,y)＜Z(x,y)+gs*M
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
for the phase values at the center position (x, y) of the symmetric annular metal patch 112 calculated by the phase profile,
in order to control the phase of the region,
z (x, y) is the surface impedance value of the center position of the symmetrical annular metal patch 112 calculated by an interferogram of the holographic principle, M is the modulation depth, gsIs a surface impedance controllable factor, gs≤0.02。
In this embodiment, the phase is satisfied to maximize the phase and surface impedance of the super-surface unit
Control range and surface impedance ZSRatio of (x, y) control range, phase control interval
Surface impedance adjustable factor gs0.02, and 103 Ω as modulation depth M.
Phase value of center position (x, y) of symmetric annular metal patch 112
The surface impedance value Z (x, y) of the central position of the symmetric annular metal patch 112 is calculated by the phase distribution diagram through the interference diagram of the holographic principle, and the calculation formulas are respectively as follows:
Z(x,y)＝j[Xs+Mcos(k0nr1-ktx)]
wherein, XsIs the average surface impedance, k, of the super-surface array 10Is the free space wavenumber, n is the average surface refractive index of the super-surface array 1, r1The distance, k, between any point on the super-surface array 1 and the radial radiation feed source along the surfacetF is the distance between the phase center of the spherical feed source (3) and the super-surface array 1.
In the present embodiment, the average surface impedance X of the super-surface array 1sThe distance f between the phase center of the spherical feed source (3) and the super-surface array 1 is equal to 120 mm.
Referring to fig. 2(a), the square-ring metal patch structure 1121 is a square-ring structure with an adjustable side length l of 1.7mm-2.6mm and an adjustable line width w of 0.1mm-1 mm; referring to fig. 2(b), the yarrow cold cross-ring metal patch structure adopts a side length l11.9mm-2.94mm, adjustable line width w10.1mm-1mm, 1mm branch length s; the side length a of the dielectric plate 111 of the super-surface unit is 3mm, the dielectric material is FR-4, the relative dielectric constant is 4.4, the relative magnetic conductivity is 1, and the loss tangent is 0.001; a fitting graph of the square-ring metal patch structure 1121 with a line width w of 0.4mm and a side length l of 1.7mm-2.6mm is shown in fig. 3, and a surface impedance fitting formula of the square-ring structure is as follows:
Z(x,y)＝51.6556l3-285.423l2+538.2193l-258.663
the side length l and the line width w of the square-ring metal patch structure 1121 are adjusted to obtain the surface impedance and the phase of the square-ring metal patch structure 1121 under different sizes, and because the side length l and the line width w have more values, the trend of a mapping graph of the surface impedance to the phase is not easy to directly see, so that only the mapping graphs of the surface impedance to the phase with the line widths w of 0.1mm, 0.5mm and 1mm are shown in the embodiment, as shown in fig. 4; by adjusting the side length l of the yarrow cold cross-ring metal patch structure 11221And line width w1The surface impedance and phase of the yarrow cold cross-ring metal patch structure 11221 can be obtained at different sizes due to the side length l1And line width w1The values are more, and it is not easy to directly see the influence of the types of the symmetric annular metal patches 112 on the mapping of the surface impedance to the phase, so in this embodiment, only the square-ring metal patch structure 1121 and the line width w are shown, where the line width w is 0.2mm and w is 0.4mm10.2mm and w1A mapping of surface impedance versus phase for a 0.4mm jeldahl cross-ring metal patch structure 1122 is shown in fig. 5.
The monopole feed source 2 adopts a coaxial structure to feed at the bottom of the holographic impedance surface 1, the working center frequency is 15GHz, the length of the monopole extending out of the holographic impedance surface 1 is 3mm, and the impedance 0 effect of the monopole feed source 2 is good at the moment.
The rectangular horn feed source 3 adopts a wave port for feeding, the phase center of the rectangular horn feed source is overlapped with the focus of the super-surface array 1, and the working center frequency is 20GHz of the second frequency.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: after the monopole is subjected to coaxial feed, the surface wave excited by the monopole feed source 2 can be modulated through the surface impedance of the super surface at the first frequency of 15GHz, directional radiation pencil-shaped wave beams can be realized, and after the rectangular horn is subjected to wave port feed, the spatial wave generated by the rectangular horn feed source 3 can be regulated and controlled through the super surface at the second frequency of 20GHz, so that the directional radiation pencil-shaped wave beams can be realized.
The technical effects of the present invention will be further explained by simulation experiments.
1. Simulation conditions and contents.
Electromagnetic simulation is carried out on the embodiment by using CST Microwave Studio2017 electromagnetic simulation software.
Simulation 1, far-field radiation in the direction of θ ═ 0 ° at the first frequency 15GHz without taking into account phase control in the embodiments under monopole feeding and the embodiments, and the simulation result is shown in fig. 6.
2. And (5) analyzing a simulation result.
Referring to fig. 6, a far-field two-dimensional gain comparison graph in the direction of θ ═ 0 ° at 15GHz is shown for the embodiment of the present invention and the embodiment under monopole feeding only, and the embodiment of the present invention under monopole feeding only realizes high-directivity pencil beam radiation in the direction of θ ═ 0 ° in the axial direction, and the gain is 16.8dB, which is 0.6dB lower than the gain without considering phase control in the embodiment, and a simulation result shows that the phase control is considered when impedance control is implemented, the modulation influence on surface impedance is small, and the radiation direction and gain of the antenna are hardly changed before and after the phase control is implemented.
Referring to fig. 7, in the embodiment of the present invention and the embodiment under the rectangular horn feed, a far-field two-dimensional gain comparison graph in the direction where θ is 0 ° at the second frequency 20GHz is not implemented with phase control, a high-directivity beam is realized in the axial direction where θ is 0 ° only with the rectangular horn feed embodiment, the gain of the beam is 18.4dB, which is 10dB higher than the gain of the embodiment without phase control, and a simulation result shows that the phase control is implemented with impedance control, so that the super-surface antenna array surface can implement control of the reflection phase, and high-directivity radiation is realized.
In conclusion, the invention realizes the dual-source super-surface high-directivity antenna integrating impedance and phase dual modulation, which can perform impedance modulation on a pair of surface waves excited by a monopole at frequency to form a high-directivity pencil beam in the axial direction, and can perform phase compensation on space waves generated by two pairs of rectangular horns at frequency to form the high-directivity pencil beam in the axial direction.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the innovative concept of the present invention, but these changes are all within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A dual-source super-surface high-directivity antenna integrating impedance and phase dual modulation comprises a super-surface array (1), a first feed source (2) and a second feed source (3); the first feed source (2) is fixed at the geometric center of the super-surface array (1) and used for forming a cylindrical surface radiation field vertical to the super-surface array (1); the second feed source (3) is fixed at the focal position of the super-surface array (1) through a support (4), and the geometric center of an output port of the second feed source (3) is superposed with the focal point of the super-surface array (1) to form a spherical radiation field; the super-surface array (1) comprises mxn super-surface units (11) which are periodically arranged, each super-surface unit (11) comprises a dielectric plate (111), symmetrical annular metal patches (112) printed on the upper surface of the dielectric plate (111) and a metal bottom plate (113) printed on the lower surface of the dielectric plate, m is more than or equal to 50, n is more than or equal to 50, and the super-surface array is characterized in that:
the super-surface array (1) has the size satisfying the phase at the same time
Control range and surface impedance ZSSymmetrical annular metal patches (112) at the positions of the (x, y) regulation and control range adopt square annular metal patch structures (1121) or YeA cold cross-shaped ring metal patch structure (1122) is scattered, a square ring metal patch structure (1121) with equal line width and side length l determined based on an interference pattern of a holographic principle is adopted at the rest positions, the square ring metal patch structure is used for modulating surface waves excited by a first feed source (2) at a first frequency into pencil beams with high orientation, and simultaneously regulating space waves generated by a second feed source (3) at a second frequency into pencil beams with high orientation,
and ZSThe adjustment ranges of (x, y) are respectively:
Z(x,y)-gs*M＜ZS(x,y)＜Z(x,y)+gs*M
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the phase value of the central position (x, y) of the symmetrical annular metal patch (112) calculated by the phase distribution diagram,
in order to control the phase of the region,
z (x, y) is the surface impedance value of the center position of the symmetrical annular metal patch (112) calculated by the interference pattern of the holographic principle, M is the modulation depth, gsIs a surface impedance controllable factor, gs≤0.02。
2. The dual-source super-surface high-directivity antenna integrating impedance and phase dual modulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the phase value of the central position (x, y) of the symmetrical annular metal patch (112) calculated by the phase distribution diagram
And the surface impedance value Z (x, y) of the center position of the symmetrical annular metal patch (112) is calculated through an interference pattern of the holographic principle, and the calculation formulas are respectively as follows:
Z(x,y)＝j[Xs+Mcos(k0nr1-ktx)]
wherein, XsIs the average surface impedance, k, of the super-surface array (1)0Is the free space wavenumber, n is the average surface refractive index of the super-surface array (1), r1Is the distance, k, between any point on the super-surface array (1) and the radial radiation feed source along the surfacetIs the tangential wave number of the radiation plane wave along the x direction, and f is the distance between the phase center of the second feed source (3) and the super surface array (1).
3. The dual-source super-surface high-directivity antenna integrating impedance and phase dual modulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the size satisfies the phase
Control range and surface impedance ZSThe symmetrical annular metal patch (112) at the position of the (x, y) regulation range has the size determined by the following method: calculating surface impedance Z (x, y) and phase of a symmetric annular metal patch (112) of discrete line width and side length
And constructing the dimensions of the annular metal patch (112) versus the surface impedance Z (x, y) and phase
When the map is satisfied
And Z (x, y) -gs*M＜ZS(x,y)＜Z(x,y)+gsM, and when
When the minimum value is taken, the size of the symmetrical annular metal patch (112) is determined through the mapping.
4. The dual-source super-surface high-directivity antenna integrating impedance and phase dual modulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the square-ring metal patch structure (1121) determined by the interferogram with equal line width and side length l based on the holographic principle has the line width of 0.4mm and the calculation formula of the side length l is as follows:
Z(x,y)＝51.6556l3-285.423l2+538.2193l-258.663。
5. the dual-source super-surface high-directivity antenna integrating impedance and phase dual modulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the first feed source (2) is a radial radiation source and adopts a monopole antenna or a spiral antenna structure.
6. The dual-source super-surface high-directivity antenna integrating impedance and phase dual modulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the second feed source (3) is a spherical feed source and adopts a rectangular waveguide or rectangular horn structure.
7. The dual-source super-surface high-directivity antenna integrating impedance and phase dual modulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the bracket (4) is made of a dielectric material.
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