CN110954563B - Device and method for in-situ observation of rheological behavior of semi-solid metal alloy - Google Patents
Device and method for in-situ observation of rheological behavior of semi-solid metal alloy Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a device and a method for in-situ observation of rheological behavior of semi-solid metal/alloy, comprising a heating furnace, wherein the heating furnace comprises a furnace body and a furnace cover, a hearth is arranged in the furnace body, and the device further comprises: the rotary component can penetrate through one side wall of the hearth in a rotating mode, a boss protruding towards the fixed component is arranged on the rotary component, and a first light through hole extending from the outer end of the rotary component to the bottom of the boss is formed in the rotary component; the fixing part penetrates through the side wall opposite to the rotating part, a groove corresponding to the boss is arranged on the fixing part, the groove can be mutually embedded with the boss, a test cavity for placing a metal/alloy sample is formed between the groove and the boss, the boss can drive the sample to rotate, and the fixing part is provided with a second light through hole extending from the outer section of the fixing part to the bottom of the groove. The device can be used for observing the rheological behavior of the semi-solid metal/alloy in situ.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of metal/alloy rheological behavior research, in particular to a device and a method for in-situ observation of semi-solid metal/alloy rheological behavior.
Background
During the mold filling and solidification of casting alloys such as aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, zinc alloy, steel and pure metals thereof, because of the existence of liquid phase and solid phase simultaneously in a semi-solid state, the flow of the two phases easily causes casting defects such as segregation, air holes, hot cracks and the like of the finally formed casting. This flow is determined by the rheological characteristics of the mushy zone, i.e., the semi-solid metal/alloy, during solidification of the metal/alloy and the casting process parameters. Knowledge of the semi-solid metal/alloy rheological properties is critical to achieving a suitable casting process to eliminate defects. However, due to the high temperature of semi-solid metals/alloys, it is difficult to observe the rheological process in situ. Previous rheological researches on semi-solid metal/alloy are mostly established on the result of macroscopic rheological property tests, and the obtained conclusion and rheological model are also the results summarized by a phenomenological method. There is currently no suitable method to observe and characterize the microstructure (solid content, size, morphology in the semi-solid metal/alloy and its dynamic behavior during the flow of the semi-solid metal/alloy) that actually affects its rheological properties. And most of the experimental studies are currently carried out based on partial melting of the metal/alloy and cannot reflect the rheological behavior of the metal/alloy during solidification. Therefore, current research cannot accurately reflect the rheological behavior of the metal/alloy during solidification.
At present, an X-ray light source station has no device which can be used for observing the semi-solid state in situ, only an X-ray light source is provided, and the flow of the semi-solid state metal/alloy material cannot be subjected to real-time in-situ observation imaging by using a conventional heating furnace and a conventional rheological device. There is therefore a need for an apparatus and method for observing rheological behavior of semi-solid metals/alloys in situ.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device and a method for in-situ observation of rheological behavior of semi-solid metal/alloy aiming at the current situation of the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: an apparatus for in-situ observing rheological behavior of semi-solid metal/alloy, comprising a heating furnace, wherein the heating furnace comprises a furnace body and a furnace cover, a hearth is arranged in the furnace body, and the apparatus further comprises:
the rotary component can rotatably penetrate through one side wall of the hearth and is provided with a boss protruding towards the direction of the fixed component, and the rotary component is provided with a first light through hole extending from the outer end of the rotary component to the bottom of the boss;
the fixing part penetrates through the side wall opposite to the rotating part, a groove corresponding to the boss is arranged on the fixing part, the groove can be mutually embedded with the boss, a test cavity for placing a metal/alloy sample is formed between the groove and the boss, the boss can drive the sample to rotate, and the fixing part is provided with a second light through hole extending from the outer section of the fixing part to the bottom of the groove.
In order to facilitate the adjustment of the distance between the boss and the groove, so that samples with different thicknesses can be placed in the groove, an adjusting mechanism for adjusting the distance between the fixing part and the rotating part is arranged in cooperation with the fixing part.
Preferably, the adjusting mechanism comprises a rotating wheel sleeved on the outer end of the fixing part, and the rotating wheel can drive the fixing part to move along the axial direction. The structure is simple and the operation is convenient.
For convenience in operation and manufacture, the part of the fixing part close to the side wall is provided with external threads which are matched with the threads of the side wall of the hearth, so that the fixing part can move along the axial direction.
Preferably, the outer end of the rotating part is sleeved with a gear matched with the rotary driving mechanism. The structure is simple, the manufacture is convenient, and the using effect is good.
In order to keep the distance between the boss and the groove unchanged in the test process, a first stop portion extending outwards in the radial direction is arranged on the rotating component, a second stop portion extending outwards in the radial direction is arranged on the fixed component, and a limiting piece is arranged between the first stop portion and the second stop portion in a butting mode.
Preferably, the limiting member has a cavity with an opening at the upper end, a first bearing hole for placing the rotating member is arranged on a first side wall of the cavity, and the outer side surface of the first side wall can abut against the first stop; and a second bearing hole for placing the fixing part is formed in the second side wall of the cavity, and the outer side surface of the second side wall can abut against the second baffle. The limiting piece can also play a role in preventing the heating furnace from being damaged by liquid splashing.
In order to better preserve heat, the furnace cover is provided with a lug which can be embedded with the opening of the hearth.
In order to facilitate the introduction of the protective gas, the furnace cover is provided with a vent hole for introducing the protective gas.
A method for observing rheological behavior of semi-solid metal/alloy in situ by using the device is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(a) assembling a metal/alloy sample into a test cavity between a rotating part and a fixed part;
(b) turning on an X-ray emitter to enable X-rays to penetrate through the sample, and receiving and processing the X-rays through an X-ray receiver to display an image in real time;
(c) heating the sample to a semi-solid state, or solidifying to a semi-solid state after heating;
(d) the rotating part starts to rotate to drive the sample to rotate, and in-situ observation can be carried out by observing the image displayed in real time.
In order to obtain maximum X-ray entry, the X-rays of step (b) are passed vertically through the sample.
In order to ensure that the oxidation of the melt is reduced in the process of carrying out the rheological experiment on the aluminum alloy molten metal and the reliability of the experimental result is ensured, protective gas is used for protection in the test process, and the protective gas can be inert gas such as nitrogen, argon and the like.
In order to perform the rheological tests at different rotational speeds, tests were performed with varying rotational speeds of the rotating member.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the invention forms a test cavity for placing a metal/alloy sample by matching the boss and the groove, the rotating part rotates to drive the sample to rotate by the boss, and meanwhile, X rays can penetrate through the first light through hole and the second light through hole and irradiate on the sample, and the rheological behavior of semi-solid metal/alloy can be observed in situ by matching with a corresponding X-ray imaging system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an exploded view showing an assembled relationship of a rotating member and a stationary member according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing an assembled relationship of a rotating member and a stationary member according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic view of portion A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a position limiting component according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the fitting structure of the rotary member, the stationary member and the furnace body according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of another angle of the overall structure of the apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating the fitting structure of the rotating member, the stationary member and the furnace body according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is an enlarged schematic view of a portion B of fig. 8.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1 to 9, the device for observing rheological behavior of semi-solid metal/alloy in situ comprises a heating furnace 1, wherein the heating furnace 1 comprises a furnace body 11 and a furnace cover 12, a hearth 13 is arranged in the furnace body 11, and the device further comprises a rotating part 2 and a fixed part 3. The rotating part 2 can rotatably penetrate through one side wall of the hearth 13, the rotating part 2 is provided with a boss 21 protruding towards the fixed part 3, and the rotating part 2 is provided with a first light through hole 22 extending from the outer end of the rotating part to the bottom of the boss 21; the fixed component 3 is arranged on the side wall opposite to the rotating component 2 in a penetrating way, the fixed component 3 is provided with a groove 31 corresponding to the boss 21, the groove 31 can be mutually embedded with the boss 21, a test cavity 6 for placing a metal/alloy sample is formed between the groove 31 and the boss 21, the surface of the boss 21 is contacted with the sample to drive the semi-solid sample to rotate, and the fixed component 3 is provided with a second light through hole 34 extending from the outer section to the bottom of the groove 31.
In order to facilitate adjustment of the distance between the boss 21 and the groove 31 so as to be able to accommodate samples of different thicknesses, an adjustment mechanism for adjusting the distance between the fixed member 3 and the rotating member 2 is provided in cooperation with the fixed member 3. The adjusting mechanism of the present embodiment includes a rotating wheel 32 sleeved on the outer end of the fixing member 3, and the rotating wheel 32 can drive the fixing member 3 to move along the axial direction.
Preferably, for the convenience of operation, the fixing member 3 of the present embodiment is provided with an external thread at a portion close to the side wall, and is threadedly engaged with the side wall of the firebox 13. The adjusting mechanism of the embodiment can realize the adjustment of the thickness of the test cavity 6 between 0 and 5000 microns, and the specific implementation can set the adjusting distance according to the requirement.
In order to drive the rotating part 2 to rotate, a gear 23 used for matching with a rotary driving mechanism is sleeved on the outer end of the rotating part 2. The rotary drive mechanism may be of a construction commonly used in the art.
In order to keep the distance between the boss 21 and the groove 31 constant during the test, the rotating member 2 is provided with a first stop portion 24 extending outward in the radial direction, the fixed member 3 is provided with a second stop portion 33 extending outward in the radial direction, and a limiting member 7 is arranged between the first stop portion 24 and the second stop portion 33. In the present embodiment, the first step portion 24 is a diameter-expanding portion of the rotating member 2, and the second step portion 33 is a diameter-expanding portion of the fixed member 3.
The limiting member 7 of this embodiment has a cavity 71 with an open upper end, a first receiving hole 72 for placing the rotating member 2 is disposed on a first sidewall of the cavity 71, and an outer side surface of the first sidewall can abut against the first stopper 24; a second receiving hole 73 for placing the fixing component 3 is arranged on a second side wall of the cavity 71, and the outer side surface of the second side wall can be abutted against the second stop part 33. When different distances are set between the boss 21 and the groove 31, the stopper 7 with the matching width can be replaced correspondingly.
For better heat preservation, the furnace cover 12 is provided with a projection 12a which can be fitted into the opening of the furnace chamber 13.
In order to facilitate the introduction of the shielding gas, the furnace cover 12 is provided with a vent hole 14 for introducing the shielding gas. The protective gas of this embodiment can be inert gas such as nitrogen gas/argon gas, and the protective gas is used for guaranteeing that the aluminium alloy molten metal reduces the oxidation of fuse-element in the process of flowing experiment is carried out, guarantees the reliability of experimental result.
In order to adjust the angle and height of the heating furnace 1, a rotary lifting device 8 is arranged at the bottom of the heating furnace 1. The rotary lifting device 8 may be of a construction commonly used in the art.
The X-ray imaging system of the present embodiment may use an X-ray imaging laboratory station in which an X-ray emitter and an X-ray receiver are respectively disposed at both sides of the heating furnace 1, and X-rays pass through the sample through the first light passing hole 22 and are then received by the X-ray receiver through the second light passing hole 34.
By adopting the device and the method, the Al-7Si-0.3Mg alloy used for manufacturing parts such as automobile hubs, chassis parts and the like is observed in-situ semi-solid rheological behavior. Al-7Si-0.3Mg belongs to multi-element alloy, the liquidus temperature is 613 ℃, the solidus temperature is 557 ℃, a partial solidification mode is adopted, and boron nitride materials are adopted for the grooves and the bosses. The method comprises the following steps:
firstly, adjusting a rotary lifting platform to enable X-rays to vertically pass through a sample;
placing a limiting piece with the width of 1000 mu m;
putting the matched sample into the groove 31 of the fixing part 3, rotating the rotating wheel 32 to enable the boss 21 and the groove 31 to be mutually embedded to fix the sample, and enabling the surface of the boss 21 to be in contact with the sample;
closing the furnace cover 12 and introducing protective gas; the protective gas can be inert gases such as nitrogen, argon and the like;
fifthly, the heating furnace 1 starts to heat the alloy sample, the set temperature is 650 ℃, the alloy sample is completely melted, the temperature is kept for 10-20min, the temperature is kept so that the alloy is completely melted, the structure tends to be stable, and the temperature keeping time can be adjusted as required;
sixthly, cooling, and keeping the temperature of the alloy constant when the sample reaches the semi-solid temperature of 605 ℃;
seventhly, starting a rotary driving mechanism to drive the rotary component 2 to rotate through the gear 23 so as to drive the semisolid alloy to rotate, and observing the image displayed in real time to carry out in-situ observation;
changing the rotating speed of the rotary driving mechanism so as to perform rheological tests on the semi-solid alloy at different rotating speeds;
ninthly, after the test is finished, stopping heating the heating furnace 1, and closing the rotary driving mechanism to completely solidify the alloy sample;
the stopper with 500 μm width is replaced and operation on-r is repeated.
By adopting the device and the method, the in-situ semi-solid rheological behavior of the Q235 steel which is most widely applied in engineering parts is observed. The Q235 steel is carbon structural steel, the liquidus temperature is 1517 ℃, the solidus temperature is 1446 ℃, the solidus temperature adopts a partial melting mode, and the groove and the lug boss adopt graphite materials. The method comprises the following steps:
firstly, adjusting a rotary lifting platform to enable X-rays to vertically pass through a sample;
placing a limiting piece with the width of 1000 mu m;
putting the matched sample into the groove 31 of the fixing part 3, rotating the rotating wheel 32 to enable the boss 21 and the groove 31 to be mutually embedded to fix the sample, and enabling the surface of the boss 21 to be in contact with the sample;
closing the furnace cover 12 and introducing protective gas; the protective gas can be inert gases such as nitrogen, argon and the like;
fifthly, the heating furnace 1 starts to heat the alloy sample, the set temperature is 1450 ℃, so that the alloy sample is partially melted, the temperature is kept for 10-20min, the temperature is kept so that the alloy structure tends to be stable, and the temperature keeping time can be adjusted as required;
sixthly, starting a rotary driving mechanism to drive the rotary component 2 to rotate through the gear 23 so as to drive the semi-solid alloy to rotate, and observing the image displayed in real time to carry out in-situ observation;
seventhly, changing the rotating speed of the rotary driving mechanism so as to enable the semi-solid alloy to perform rheological tests at different rotating speeds;
eighthly, after the test is finished, the heating furnace 1 stops heating, and the rotary driving mechanism is closed to completely solidify the alloy sample;
ninthly, rotating the rotating wheel 32 to separate the rotating part 2 and the fixed part 3 from each other and take out the alloy sample.
And c, replacing the limit part with the width of 500 mu m in the red part, and repeating the operation c-ninthly.
The device and the method for in-situ observation of rheological behavior of semi-solid metal/alloy can be applied to aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, zinc alloy and steel; pure metals of aluminum, magnesium and zinc; and other suitable metal/alloy materials.
The technical means disclosed in the invention scheme are not limited to the technical means disclosed in the above embodiments, but also include the technical scheme formed by any combination of the above technical features. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention, and such improvements and modifications are also considered to be within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. An apparatus for in-situ observation of rheological behavior of semi-solid metal/alloy, comprising a heating furnace (1), wherein the heating furnace (1) comprises a furnace body (11) and a furnace cover (12), the furnace body (11) has a hearth (13) therein, and the apparatus is characterized by comprising:
the rotary component (2) can rotatably penetrate through one side wall of the hearth (13), a boss (21) protruding towards the direction of the fixed component (3) is arranged on the rotary component (2), and a first light through hole (22) which extends from the outer end of the rotary component to the bottom of the boss (21) and is used for allowing X-rays to pass through is formed in the rotary component (2);
the fixing component (3) is arranged opposite to the rotating component (2), the fixing component (3) penetrates through the side wall opposite to the rotating component (2), a groove (31) corresponding to the boss (21) is arranged on the fixing component (3), the groove (31) can be mutually embedded with the boss (21) to form a test cavity (6) for placing a metal/alloy sample between the groove (31) and the boss (21), the boss (21) can drive the sample to rotate, and the fixing component (3) is provided with a second light through hole (34) which extends from the outer section of the fixing component to the bottom of the groove (31) and is used for allowing X rays to pass through;
the rotating component (2) is provided with a first blocking part (24) extending outwards in the radial direction, the fixed component (3) is provided with a second blocking part (33) extending outwards in the radial direction, a limiting part (7) is arranged between the first blocking part (24) and the second blocking part (33) in a butting mode, and the limiting part (7) is replaceable;
the limiting piece (7) is provided with a cavity (71) with an opening at the upper end, a first bearing hole (72) for placing the rotating component (2) is formed in a first side wall of the cavity (71), and the outer side surface of the first side wall can abut against the first stop part (24); and a second bearing hole (73) for placing the fixing part (3) is formed in the second side wall of the cavity (71), and the outer side surface of the second side wall can be abutted against the second blocking part (33).
2. The apparatus for observing rheological behavior of semi-solid metals/alloys in situ according to claim 1, wherein: and an adjusting mechanism used for adjusting the distance between the fixed part (3) and the rotating part (2) is arranged in cooperation with the fixed part (3).
3. The apparatus for observing rheological behavior of semi-solid metals/alloys in situ according to claim 2, wherein: the adjusting mechanism comprises a rotating wheel (32) sleeved on the outer end of the fixing part (3), and the rotating wheel (32) can drive the fixing part (3) to move along the axial direction.
4. Apparatus for in-situ observation of rheological behaviour of semi-solid metal/alloys according to claim 3, characterized in that: and the part of the fixed part (3) close to the side wall is provided with an external thread which is in threaded fit with the side wall of the hearth (13), so that the fixed part (3) can move along the axial direction.
5. The apparatus for observing rheological behavior of semi-solid metals/alloys in situ according to claim 1, wherein: the outer end of the rotating part (2) is sleeved with a gear (23) used for being matched with the rotary driving mechanism.
6. The apparatus for observing rheological behavior of semi-solid metal/alloy in situ according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the furnace cover (12) is provided with a convex block (12a) which can be embedded with the opening of the hearth (13).
7. The apparatus for observing rheological behavior of semi-solid metal/alloy in situ according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: and a vent hole (14) for introducing protective gas is arranged on the furnace cover (12).
8. A method for observing rheological behaviour of semi-solid metal/alloy in situ using the apparatus for observing rheological behaviour of semi-solid metal/alloy in situ according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by comprising the steps of: (a) assembling a metal/alloy sample into a test cavity (6) between the rotating part (2) and the fixed part (3);
(b) turning on an X-ray emitter to enable X-rays to penetrate through the sample, and receiving and processing the X-rays through an X-ray receiver to display an image in real time;
(c) heating the sample to a semi-solid state, or heating the sample and then solidifying to a semi-solid state;
(d) the rotating part (2) starts to rotate to drive the sample to rotate, and the in-situ observation can be carried out by observing the image displayed in real time.
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