CN1109537A - Plate shaped square blocks - Google Patents

Plate shaped square blocks Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1109537A
CN1109537A CN94103364A CN94103364A CN1109537A CN 1109537 A CN1109537 A CN 1109537A CN 94103364 A CN94103364 A CN 94103364A CN 94103364 A CN94103364 A CN 94103364A CN 1109537 A CN1109537 A CN 1109537A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
protuberance
piece material
paving
side edge
edge surface
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN94103364A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
盖格·彼得
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from PCT/EP1993/003468 external-priority patent/WO1995016075A1/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of CN1109537A publication Critical patent/CN1109537A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01CCONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C5/00Pavings made of prefabricated single units
    • E01C5/02Pavings made of prefabricated single units made of natural stones, e.g. sett stones
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01CCONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C9/00Special pavings; Pavings for special parts of roads or airfields
    • E01C9/004Pavings specially adapted for allowing vegetation
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01CCONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C5/00Pavings made of prefabricated single units
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01CCONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C5/00Pavings made of prefabricated single units
    • E01C5/06Pavings made of prefabricated single units made of units with cement or like binders
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01CCONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C2201/00Paving elements
    • E01C2201/02Paving elements having fixed spacing features

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
  • Table Devices Or Equipment (AREA)
  • Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)
  • Road Signs Or Road Markings (AREA)
  • Stored Programmes (AREA)
  • Food-Manufacturing Devices (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
  • Road Paving Machines (AREA)

Abstract

A plate-shaped, square paving stone has a flat surface and fitting strips that extend perpendicularly to the lateral surfaces of the paving stones. In order to ensure a large number of laying combinations while forming symmetrical straight joints, each lateral surface has two fitting strips. One fitting strip (4') is arranged at the diagonally opposite corners (5) between adjacent lateral surfaces (3). When the paving stone is observed from the side of its flat surface, the other fitting strip (4'') is arranged relative to the fitting strips (4') located at the two other diagonally opposite corners (6) between adjacent lateral surfaces (3) at a distance slightly larger than the length of said fitting strips (4').

Description

Plate shaped square blocks
The present invention relates to a kind of square blocks of plate shape, it has the vertically extending bar shaped protuberance in a smooth surface and relative side surface, and wherein each side edge surface is equipped with two protuberances.
Known, pave plate shape and settle two bar shaped protuberances on the side edge surface of piece material (see EP-A-0274344, DE-U-8717484), it is as interval body usefulness, and available humus earth or mineral material are filled and constituted seam.Paving under the piece material situation of EP-A-0274344, can be on crooked and the opposed side edges and a protuberance respectively is set near corner angle relative on the diagonal at two; Yet paving under the piece material situation of DE-GM-8717484, these protuberances on side edge surface are to have bigger spacing to be provided with relative corner angle.These known paving in the piece material, can only realize laying combination form seldom, simultaneously, paving the piece material and also can cause chaotic unclear seam construction among the EP-A-0274344.
Task of the present invention provides a kind of piece material of paving, and it is applicable to multiple laying combination form and keeps the linear seam of symmetry.
Task of the present invention is so to solve, be that side edge surface respectively has two side by side and protuberances separated by a distance, wherein, on two the adjacent side edge surface in place, cornerwise corner angle district, respectively settle a protuberance, and on each side edge surface, also respectively being equipped with an other protuberance, there is spacing in another cornerwise two corner angle districts on itself and the side edge surface.In this way, this paves the piece material can be laid to wide and narrow spacing according to selection mode under the situation that protuberance supports mutually, and is laid to little spacing mutually under middle (intersections) supporting situation, so just can realize the filling seam of different in width.In addition, also additional possible scheme that provides of piece material is provided for this, lay pattern for cross bond and form wide or little spacing (the serial arrangement), lay pattern (dislocation is arranged) for stretcher bond and also can form wide or little spacing, just can realize many kinds laying compound modes thus.Also have, protuberance is provided with in edges and corners, just makes laying structure come into plain view, and then makes the laying work of paving the piece material easy, and is also lower to the technical requirements of laying the worker.According to the purpose requirement, two protuberances of each side edge surface are to be arranged on this side with identical spacing.
Also stipulate in addition,, limited towards the side edge surface of the end direction that stretches out by mutual diagonally extending in order to constitute the protuberance of trapezoidal cross-section.This shape of cross section of protuberance just makes in the concrete instrument to be shaped and paves the piece material and be more prone to.Regulation is made the height of protuberance and being of uniform thickness of piece material in addition.It will also be appreciated that, protuberance is made had that protuberance terminates in the bottom on piece material surface simultaneously than the little height of piece material thickness.This structural concept of mentioning at last has the advantage that protuberance had that the sort of inclined surface that extends by certain altitude upper edge surface direction limits equally, promptly can form the seam of the best visual effect when seam is arranged.
In paving the modification structures scheme of piece material, stipulate, on each corner angle that constitutes relatively on two opposed side edges surfaces, respectively settle a protuberance, and two other protuberance is set on two other side edge surface, this protuberance should be a bit larger tham the length (when observing facing to the flat surfaces of paving the piece material) of the protuberance of settling in edges and corners from the spacing of corner angle.Also have, the structural configuration of this protuberance also can realize above-mentioned about laying the advantage of spacing and laying kind aspect.
Be appreciated that for easy moulding the side surface that can utilize the mutual diagonally extending of free end direction that same court stretches out is to being limited.In addition, protuberance can be made and the identical height of piece material thickness, perhaps than the little height of piece material thickness.
At last, can be limited this protuberance by an inclined surface that extends along the surface in end, protuberance top.
In the structural concept of other plate shape square blocks, it has a smooth surface and relative side vertically extending bar shaped protuberance in surface and regulation, each side edge surface has two protuberances, wherein, on corner angle of two adjacent side surface formations, respectively be shaped on a protuberance and on the other corner angle on the identical side edge surface, also respectively be shaped on a protuberance; Be equipped with other protuberance on two other side edge surface, its spacing from corner angle is a bit larger tham the length (when observing facing to piece material flat surfaces) of stating protuberance.The advantage that this structural concept of paving piece provides is, when they are employed, no matter by cross bond paving mode or stretcher bond paving mode all can seam that be implemented in by the supporting of protuberance or little at interval, thereby can carry out many kinds and lay combination forms.In addition, pave in the piece material this, the height of protuberance is made with the piece material and is of uniform thickness.Stipulate that also protuberance has the height slightly littler than the thickness of piece material.And terminate in lower face.Therefore, can finish the prerequisite of free from flaw seam.In addition, for easy and reliable moulding in the concrete instrument, this protuberance can towards the end direction that stretches out by the side edge surface of mutual diagonally extending and on top the smooth inclined plane or the curved surfaces that extend by surface direction of end limited.
Describe the present invention in detail by the embodiment in the accompanying drawing below.Its expression:
Fig. 1 is a vertical view of paving the piece material;
Fig. 2 is the lateral view that Fig. 1 paves the piece material;
Fig. 3 is the opposite side view that Fig. 1 paves the piece material;
Fig. 4 is one and paves piece material flexible program vertical view;
Fig. 5 is the lateral view of Fig. 4 middle berth building block material;
Fig. 6 is the opposite side view of Fig. 4 middle berth building block material;
Fig. 7 is the another lateral view of Fig. 4 middle berth building block material;
Fig. 8 is the partial view of Fig. 1 middle berth building block material;
Fig. 9 is the laying pattern vertical view (cross bond) of Fig. 1 middle berth building block material;
Figure 10 is another laying pattern vertical view of Fig. 1 middle berth building block material;
Figure 11 is the another laying pattern vertical view (stretcher bond) of Fig. 1 middle berth building block material;
Figure 12 is the laying pattern vertical view (cross bond) of Fig. 4 middle berth building block material;
Figure 13 is the another laying pattern vertical view (cross bond) of Fig. 4 middle berth building block material;
Figure 14 is that of Fig. 4 middle berth building block material lays pattern modification vertical view (stretcher bond);
Figure 15 is the laying pattern vertical view (stretcher bond) of the another exchange of Fig. 4 middle berth building block material;
Figure 16 paves piece material vertical view corresponding to another embodiment;
Figure 17 is that the pattern vertical view is laid in the wide seam cross bond of Figure 16 middle berth building block material;
Figure 18 is that the pattern vertical view is laid in the narrow slit cross bond of Figure 16 middle berth building block material;
Figure 19 is that the pattern vertical view is laid in the wide seam stretcher bond of Figure 16 middle berth building block material;
Figure 20 is that the pattern vertical view is laid in the narrow slit stretcher bond of Figure 16 middle berth building block material;
Figure 21 is that the pattern vertical view is laid in the narrow-wide seam cross bond of Figure 16 middle berth building block material;
Figure 22 is that the pattern vertical view is laid in the narrow-wide seam stretcher bond of Figure 16 middle berth building block material;
Figure 23 be have among Figure 16 defiber pave piece material vertical view and
Figure 24 is the partial view of Figure 16 middle berth building block material.
Plate shape in Fig. 1 to 3 and 8 is paved piece material 1 to have a smooth surface 2 and have square cross-sectional structure under the present embodiment situation.On the side edge surface of masonry 1 of paving the way, make respectively two protuberances 4 ' and 4 "; they are so to be provided with; promptly on the opposed corner angle 5 place's adjacent side faces in diagonal two ends, respectively settle a protuberance 4 ' and on these described sides, respectively settle a protuberance 4 again ", its distance from opposite opposed corner angle 6 on two another diagonal is a bit larger tham the length of protuberance 4 ' when the flat surfaces of piece material is paved in observation.This protuberance 4 ' and 4 " be configured for paving the supporting element of piece material.Under the present embodiment situation, protuberance 4 ', 4 " have trapezoidal cross section.For this reason, protuberance 4 ' and 4 " vertical side surface 7 are mutual structures of diagonally extending outwardly.In addition, protuberance 4 ', 4 " along being limited (Fig. 8) by skewed surface 19 on the certain altitude of surperficial 2 directions.
Paving under piece material 9 situations of Fig. 4 to 6, this side edge surface 13 and 15 respectively have two protuberances 12 ' or 12 ".This protuberance 12 ' be placed on the opposite opposed dual-side surface 13 also lays respectively at each edges and corners that side constitutes, and, on the two other side edge surface, each correspondence is mounted with protuberance 12 ", its distance from corner angle 14 and two other mutually opposed corner angle is a bit larger tham the length of protuberance 12 ' when the flat surfaces of piece material is paved in observation.This protuberance 12 ' and 12 ", have a trapezoidal cross-section that forms by inclined side 20 also as what in Fig. 4, find out especially.Under the present embodiment situation, this protuberance 12 ', 12 " and, extend or terminate in from surface 2 very small distance place (Fig. 5) paving on the whole thickness of piece material approx by inclined surface 21.
Under the laying example case of paving piece material 1 in Fig. 9, this pave piece material 1 be with its protuberance 4 ', 4 ' and 4 ", 4 " supporting mutually, therefore, formed wide between space 17, it for example can fill up with humus earth.The cross bond of Shi Xianing is specially adapted to place, park or terrace land like this, the balcony, and these all are the surfaces of wishing to bear less load.
Lay the piece material 1 of paving of pattern according to Figure 10 and lay in mutual cross bond mode equally, but structural configuration is protuberance 4 ' and 4 " always be bearing in adjacent paving on the piece material 1.Therefore, formed have half width between space 18, its best available small crushed stone fills up, and is applicable to for example road scope of paving the way of high load capacity.
In Figure 11, pave piece material 1 and lay layout in the stretcher bond mode, protuberance 4 ' and 4 " be bearing in adjacent and the dislocation pave on the piece material 1.And in this laying embodiment, obtain less width between space 18, its best available small crushed stone is filled.
What represent in Figure 12 is the laying example that piece material 9 carries out of paving with Fig. 4.Herein, adjacent pave piece material 9 be with its protuberance 12 ', 12 ' and 12 ", 12 " supporting mutually, thus formation wide between space (cross bond).
According to the laying example of Figure 13, paving piece material 9 is that the cross bond mode is laid, but have narrower between space 18.Thus, protuberance 12 ', 12 " always directly are bearing in adjacent paving on the piece material 9.
In the laying example of Figure 14, this paves material piece 9 with layings that misplace of stretcher bond mode, wherein, adjacent pave piece material 9 with protuberance 12 ', 12 ' reach 12 ", 12 " support mutually and form wide between space 17.
In the laying example in Figure 15, this paves piece material 9 with the laying that misplaces of stretcher bond mode, simultaneously, this protuberance 12 ', 12 " are bearing in adjacent paving on the piece material 9.Can form thus narrow between space 18.
Paving under piece material 30 situations of Figure 16-24, each edge surface 26,27 have two protuberances 22,22 ' and 22 ".Protuberance 22 be in corner angle 23 scopes of two adjacent side faces 26, make and a protuberance 22 ' be placed in other corner angle 24 places are respectively arranged on identical side edge surface 26.In addition, protuberance 22 " be placed on the two other side edge surface 27 and from corner angle 24 and 25 have than protuberance 22,22 ' the big slightly spacing of length (when the flat surfaces of piece material is paved in observation).This protuberance 22,22 ', 22 " can be arranged to, for example have and pave the height of piece material consistency of thickness or the arbitrary height littler than thickness.Pave the moulding in the concrete instrument easily of piece material for making, this protuberance 22,22 ', 22 " towards the end direction that stretches out is that edge surface 28 by mutual diagonally extending limits.At last in order to realize the coupling seam of vision the best, this protuberance 22,22 ' and 22 " the end, top pave smooth inclined plane that the surface direction of piece material extends by an edge or the surface 29 of an arc limits (Figure 24).With 31 defibers that express possibility to realize half block 32(Figure 23).

Claims (16)

1, the square blocks of plate shape have a smooth surface and with the vertically extending bar shaped protuberance of side surface, it is characterized in that:
Each side surface has two protuberances, wherein, on the adjacent side surface (3) that the opposed corner angle in diagonal two ends (5) are located, respectively settle a protuberance (4 '), and other protuberance (4 ") respectively is set on this adjacent side surface (3), and it has the big slightly spacing of the length than protuberance (4 ') (facing to smooth when paving piece material surface observation) from the opposed corner angle in two ends (6) on another diagonal.
2, by the described piece material of paving of claim 1, it is characterized in that:
This protuberance (4 ', 4 ") are limited in the side edge surface (7) by mutual diagonally extending on the free end direction of stretching out.
3, by the described piece material of paving of claim 1, it is characterized in that:
This protuberance (4 ', being of uniform thickness of piece material made and paved to the height of 4 ").
4, by the described piece material of paving of claim 1, it is characterized in that:
This protuberance (4 ', the height of 4 ") is made less than the thickness of paving the piece material and is terminated in the below on piece material surface.
5, by the described piece material of paving of claim 1, it is characterized in that:
This protuberance (4 ', the end, top of 4 ") is limited by the inclined surface (19) that extends along surface direction.
6, by the described piece material of paving of claim 1, it is characterized in that:
Two protuberances of each side edge surface (4 ', 4 ") are arranged on the side edge surface with identical spacing mutually.
7, the square blocks of plate shape have a smooth surface and with the vertically extending bar shaped protuberance of side edge surface, it is characterized in that:
Each side edge surface is equipped with two protuberances, wherein, respectively settles a protuberance (12 ') on two mutual opposed side edge surface (13) that belong to corner angle (14); (12 "), its spacing from corner angle (14) are a bit larger tham the length of protuberance (12 ') (when observing facing to the flat surfaces of paving the piece material) to be mounted with protuberance on two other side edge surface.
8, by the described piece material of paving of claim 7, it is characterized in that:
This protuberance (12 ', 12 ") are limited by the side edge surface (20) of extending mutually towards the free end direction of stretching out.
9, by the described piece material of paving of claim 7, it is characterized in that:
This protuberance (12 ', the height of 12 ") is arranged to the same with the thickness of paving the piece material.
10, by the described piece material of paving of claim 7, it is characterized in that:
This protuberance (12 ', the height of 12 ") is arranged to less than paving piece material thickness and terminating in the bottom on piece material surface.
11, by the described piece material of paving of claim 7, it is characterized in that:
This protuberance (12 ', the end, top of 12 ") is limited by an inclined surface that extends in surface direction.
12, the square blocks of plate shape have a smooth surface and with the vertically extending condition protuberance of side edge surface, it is characterized in that:
Each side edge surface (26,27) be equipped with two protuberances (22,22 ', 22 "); wherein; locate respectively to be shaped on a protuberance (22) on two adjacent side edge surface (26) at corner angle (23), and the another one corner angle (24) on identical side edge surface (26) locate respectively to be shaped on a protuberance (22 '); (22 "), its spacing from corner angle (24,25) are a bit larger tham protuberance (22,22 ') ('s when paving the surface observation of piece material) length and be shaped on protuberance on two other side edge surface (27).
13, by the described piece material of paving of claim 12, it is characterized in that:
This protuberance (22,22 ', the height of 22 ") is made with the piece material and is of uniform thickness.
14, by the described piece material of paving of claim 12, it is characterized in that:
This protuberance (22,22 ', 22 ") are being limited towards the side edge surface (28) of the end direction that stretches out by mutual diagonally extending.
15, by the described piece material of paving of claim 12, it is characterized in that:
This protuberance (22,22 ', the height of 22 ") is made less than the thickness of piece material and is terminated in surperficial below.
16, by claim 12 and the 15 described piece material of paving, it is characterized in that:
This protuberance (22,22 ', 22 ") on top end are limited by a smooth inclined surface or a curved surfaces (29) that extends in piece material surface direction.
CN94103364A 1993-12-09 1994-03-31 Plate shaped square blocks Pending CN1109537A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP1993/003468 WO1995016075A1 (en) 1993-12-09 1993-12-09 Plate-shaped, square paving stone
EPPCT/EP93/03468 1993-12-09
DE4405516A DE4405516A1 (en) 1994-02-22 1994-02-22 Slab-shaped square paving stone
DEP4405516.1 1994-02-22

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN1109537A true CN1109537A (en) 1995-10-04

Family

ID=6510789

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN94103364A Pending CN1109537A (en) 1993-12-09 1994-03-31 Plate shaped square blocks

Country Status (12)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0697045B1 (en)
JP (1) JP3647454B2 (en)
KR (1) KR100314788B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1109537A (en)
AT (1) ATE202604T1 (en)
CA (1) CA2161120C (en)
CZ (1) CZ287055B6 (en)
DE (2) DE4405516A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2158933T3 (en)
HU (1) HU220289B (en)
PL (1) PL176903B1 (en)
WO (1) WO1995022660A1 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105155380A (en) * 2015-09-29 2015-12-16 安徽华普节能材料股份有限公司 Water-permeable brick bodies for pavements
CN105350428A (en) * 2015-09-29 2016-02-24 安徽华普节能材料股份有限公司 Pavement water permeable brick

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6015243A (en) * 1997-01-08 2000-01-18 Geiger; Peter Concrete material paving stone
CA2294182C (en) * 1998-04-22 2007-10-09 Peter Geiger Construction kit made of concrete paving stones
KR100352331B1 (en) * 1999-12-07 2002-09-11 엘지건설 주식회사 Reinforcing bar supporter
KR100708987B1 (en) * 2005-01-27 2007-04-18 임금철 Puzzle typed stone block
JP4686282B2 (en) * 2005-07-11 2011-05-25 日本興業株式会社 Greening paving block
CA2523928A1 (en) 2005-10-20 2007-04-20 Rinox Inc. Apparatus and method for making cobble-like blocks
JP2012072634A (en) * 2010-09-30 2012-04-12 Yunison:Kk Block with joint keeps
JP6351989B2 (en) * 2014-02-03 2018-07-04 太平洋プレコン工業株式会社 Pavement block, formwork and method for manufacturing pavement block

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3766091D1 (en) * 1987-01-07 1990-12-13 Rolf Scheiwiller SET OF PAVING STONES WITH A RIGHT ALL-ROUND GEAR, METHOD FOR THEIR PRODUCTION AND USE OF THE PRODUCED PAVING STONES.
DE8901920U1 (en) 1989-01-05 1989-06-08 Sf-Vollverbundstein-Kooperation Gmbh, 2820 Bremen Construction kit made of (concrete) moulded stone
ATE92127T1 (en) * 1989-11-17 1993-08-15 Peter Geiger PLATE SHAPED PAVING STONE.

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105155380A (en) * 2015-09-29 2015-12-16 安徽华普节能材料股份有限公司 Water-permeable brick bodies for pavements
CN105350428A (en) * 2015-09-29 2016-02-24 安徽华普节能材料股份有限公司 Pavement water permeable brick

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
HU9503043D0 (en) 1996-01-29
DE59409793D1 (en) 2001-08-02
CA2161120C (en) 2006-01-10
DE4405516A1 (en) 1995-08-24
EP0697045A1 (en) 1996-02-21
JP3647454B2 (en) 2005-05-11
KR950025199A (en) 1995-09-15
PL176903B1 (en) 1999-08-31
ES2158933T3 (en) 2001-09-16
ATE202604T1 (en) 2001-07-15
WO1995022660A1 (en) 1995-08-24
KR100314788B1 (en) 2002-02-19
HU220289B (en) 2001-11-28
CA2161120A1 (en) 1995-08-24
EP0697045B1 (en) 2001-06-27
PL302567A1 (en) 1995-06-12
HUT74755A (en) 1997-02-28
JPH08509534A (en) 1996-10-08
CZ263195A3 (en) 1996-04-17
CZ287055B6 (en) 2000-08-16

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