CN110950238A - Grab bucket of steel grabbing machine - Google Patents
Grab bucket of steel grabbing machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN110950238A CN110950238A CN201911141299.1A CN201911141299A CN110950238A CN 110950238 A CN110950238 A CN 110950238A CN 201911141299 A CN201911141299 A CN 201911141299A CN 110950238 A CN110950238 A CN 110950238A
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- jaw
- steel
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- wire rope
- plate
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C3/00—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith and intended primarily for transmitting lifting forces to loose materials; Grabs
- B66C3/02—Bucket grabs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C3/00—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith and intended primarily for transmitting lifting forces to loose materials; Grabs
- B66C3/12—Grabs actuated by two or more ropes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C3/00—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith and intended primarily for transmitting lifting forces to loose materials; Grabs
- B66C3/12—Grabs actuated by two or more ropes
- B66C3/125—Devices for control
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Load-Engaging Elements For Cranes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a grab bucket of a steel grabbing machine, which comprises a support frame, two support rods connected to two sides below the support frame, two jaw plates connected to the lower sides of the two support rods and arranged oppositely, and a hanging ring connecting piece arranged between the two jaw plates. The front end surface and the rear end surface of each jaw plate are respectively provided with a rotating sheet, the rotating sheets rotate outwards synchronously along with the downward rotation of the jaw plates, and openings for feeding and discharging steel materials are formed at the front end and the rear end of each jaw plate; or the jaw plate rotates upwards to rotate inwards synchronously, and the jaw plate and the rotating sheet at the opposite side are matched to seal the jaw plate to form a closed grab bucket space for grabbing the steel material, or the part of the steel material exceeding the width of the jaw plate is clamped. Therefore, when the bulk scrap steel is grabbed, the rotating sheets are squeezed and opened to reduce grabbing resistance, and after grabbing is finished, the rotating sheets fall down and are combined at the bucket part to prevent materials from leaking; when the large or long steel bar is grabbed, the rotating piece is squeezed to be kept open and is abutted to the steel bar. The invention can stably grab the bulk steel scrap and steel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of hoisting machinery, in particular to a grab bucket of a steel grabbing machine.
Background
The steel grabbing machine is a machine for grabbing steel materials and is specially improved from a common crane. The large arm and the small arm of the steel grabbing machine are commonly called as 'material grabbing arms', the length of the material grabbing arms is long, a steel grabbing device, also called as a grab tong device, also called as an orange-peel grab bucket is hung at the front end of the material grabbing arms, and the steel grabbing machine is mainly used for grabbing and loading various materials such as waste steel, steel materials and the like. The grab bucket of the steel grab machine is a special tool for the steel grab machine to grab steel, two or more openable jaw plates are closed to form a material containing space, a rotor plate is opened above the steel, the rotor plate is closed when the rotor plate falls into a steel pile, the steel is grabbed into the material containing space, the grab bucket is lifted to a specified place to be opened when the steel is unloaded, and the material is scattered on the steel pile.
At present, the grab bucket can be classified into a mechanical grab bucket and a hydraulic grab bucket according to a driving mode, wherein a mechanical grab bucket body is not provided with an opening and closing mechanism and is generally driven by external forces such as a rope, a connecting rod and the like, the hydraulic grab bucket body is provided with the opening and closing mechanism, a universal hydraulic oil cylinder is used for driving, and the hydraulic grab bucket formed by combining a plurality of jaw plates in groups is also called as a hydraulic claw; the steel grab can be divided into a shell-shaped grab bucket and an orange-petal-shaped grab bucket according to shape classification, the former is composed of two rotating pieces, the latter is composed of three or more than three jaw plates, the steel grab machine generally adopts a multi-petal grab bucket, the multi-petal grab bucket can be well used for grabbing waste steel of a steel mill, grabbing a large amount of garbage of a garbage disposal plant and carrying out decomposition and recovery work of an automobile body by a vehicle recovery center, but the multi-petal grab bucket cannot grab formed long-strip steel except bulk material waste steel, and the universality is limited.
The existing grab bucket specially used for grabbing steel materials, namely a six-petal lotus grab bucket or an electromagnetic chuck, is not popular with port loading and unloading due to respective defects. The six-flap grab bucket can prevent other rotating flaps from being closed because a certain pair of rotating flaps clamp large materials, so that small materials are leaked out, and the loading and unloading efficiency is reduced; the electromagnetic chuck is inefficient due to its high power consumption. With the rapid development of the steel industry in China, the domestic steel requirements are greatly improved, so that the loading and unloading pressure of ports is increased, and the high-efficiency and multifunctional grab bucket of the steel grabbing machine has urgent requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the grab bucket of the steel grabbing machine, and the grab bucket can stably grab bulk waste steel or steel bars and keep the balance of the grab bucket in the process of moving materials by designing the reeling-in closing mechanism at the tip of the jaw plate, changing the structural shape of the jaw plate and adjusting the stress state of the jaw plate in the motion process. The invention specifically adopts the following technical scheme.
Firstly, in order to achieve the above object, a grab bucket of a steel grab is provided, which comprises: the top of the support frame is provided with a connecting structure for a steel wire rope to pass through; the upper ends of the two support rods are connected with the left end and the right end of the support frame respectively, and the lower ends of the two support rods are connected with the two jaw plates respectively; the jaw plates comprise two symmetrically connected below the two support rods, each jaw plate respectively comprises a connecting part and a grabbing part, inward bending is formed between the connecting part and the grabbing part in a connecting mode, a jaw plate connecting hole is formed in the inner side of the upper end of the connecting part, a lifting ring connecting piece is connected to the jaw plate connecting hole, a lifting ring is connected to the upper portion of the lifting ring connecting piece, the steel wire rope penetrates through the lifting ring to be connected with the lifting ring connecting piece, the lifting ring connecting piece is connected with the two jaw plates, and the two jaw plates are controlled to rotate upwards to be folded or rotate downwards to be opened; a jaw plate connecting cylinder is arranged on the outer side of the upper end of the connecting part, and the support rod is connected with the jaw plate connecting cylinder to fix the jaw plate; the rotary pieces comprise 4 rotary pieces which are respectively connected to the front end and the rear end of the two jaw plates, the rotary pieces synchronously rotate outwards along with the jaw plates when the jaw plates are opened, and openings for feeding and discharging steel materials are formed in the front end and the rear end of the two jaw plates; and the rotating pieces rotate inwards synchronously along with the upward rotation of the jaw plates in the furled state of the jaw plates and are matched with the jaw plates to seal the front and rear ends of the two jaw plates to form a closed grab bucket space for grabbing the steel material or clamp the two ends of the steel material exceeding the width of the jaw plates.
Optionally, the grab bucket of steel grab machine, wherein, connection structure includes: the steel wire rope adjusting bracket is arranged at the upper top of the supporting frame, and a through hole for a steel wire rope to pass through is formed in the lower side of the supporting frame corresponding to the steel wire rope adjusting bracket; the steel wire rope adjusting bearings comprise two steel wire rope adjusting supports which are arranged at the upper ends of the steel wire rope adjusting supports in parallel; the steel wire rope adjusting rollers comprise at least two steel wire rope adjusting rollers which are respectively arranged on the steel wire rope adjusting bearings, and the steel wire rope penetrates through the through hole and penetrates between the steel wire rope adjusting rollers; the steel wire ropes are supported by the steel wire rope adjusting idler wheels, are kept perpendicular to the supporting frame, penetrate through the lifting ring connecting pieces connected to the two jaw plates through the supporting frame, contract upwards to pull the jaw plates upwards to enable the two jaw plates to rotate upwards to be folded, or relax downwards to transfer the jaw plates to enable the two jaw plates to rotate downwards to be opened.
Optionally, in the grab bucket of the steel grab machine, at least two reinforcing ribs extending from inside to outside are further arranged on the upper end face of the connecting portion of the jaw plate, the inner side end portions of the two reinforcing ribs protrude out of the inner side edge of the jaw plate, and the jaw plate connecting holes are respectively formed in the inner side end portions of the two reinforcing ribs.
Optionally, in the grab bucket of the steel grabbing machine, the upper ends of the 4 rotating sheets are provided with limiting protrusions, and the lower surfaces of the limiting protrusions are abutted to the edges of the upper surfaces of the connecting portions of the jaw plates.
Optionally, the grab bucket of steel grab machine, wherein, each said brace rod includes: the support rod comprises two support rod main bodies which are arranged in parallel, each support rod main body is surrounded by two front plates and two side plates to form a hollow rod-shaped structure, the width of the middle part of the hollow rod-shaped structure is wider than that of the two ends of the hollow rod-shaped structure, and the two side plates and the two front plates of each support rod main body are plates with the thickness of 0.6 cm; the connecting rod comprises a plurality of connecting rods with the same length, and the connecting rods are uniformly distributed between the two brace rod main bodies to connect the two brace rod main bodies.
Optionally, foretell grab bucket of steel machine, wherein, each the rotor respectively includes: the outer edge of the rotor vertical blade plate is attached to the connecting part and the grabbing part of the jaw plate and is set into an inward-bent arc shape; the inner edge of the jaw plate is arranged to be a straight line, and the jaw plate is attached to the other rotating sheet on the same side in a folded state to seal the jaw plate; the rotor side plate is arranged at the upper end of the rotor vertical blade plate, is close to the outer edge of the rotor vertical blade plate, and the lower surface of the rotor side plate is close to the upper end surface of the outer side of the connecting part of the jaw plate and synchronously rotates along with the rotation of the jaw plate; and the rotor connecting column is arranged at the upper part of the inner side of the rotor vertical blade plate, extends towards the inner side of the connecting part of the jaw plate, is rotatably connected with the connecting part and serves as the rotating axis of the rotor.
Optionally, in the grab bucket of the steel grab machine, the jaw plate connecting cylinder is made of No. 15 high-quality carbon structural steel.
Optionally, foretell grab bucket of steel machine of grabbing, wherein, the hubei province board connection cylinder in hubei province board outside still is connected with the rope that opens and shuts, the rope that opens and shuts with wire rope cooperation: when the opening and closing rope descends and the steel wire rope stops, the two jaw plates are controlled to be opened outwards and descend to the steel material, the rotating piece is opened synchronously along with the outer sides of the jaw plates, and openings for the steel material to enter and exit are formed in the front end and the rear end of each jaw plate; when the opening and closing rope rises and the steel wire rope stops, the two jaw plates are controlled to be folded inwards to grab the steel material, the rotating pieces are attached to and abutted against the side wall surfaces of the steel material extending out of the front end portion and the rear end portion of the jaw plates to clamp the extending steel material; when the opening and closing rope rises and the steel wire rope rises, the two jaw plates are controlled to be folded inwards to lift the steel material, and the rotating piece keeps clamping the steel material; when the opening and closing rope descends and the steel wire rope descends, the two jaw plates are controlled to be opened outwards, the steel material is unloaded, the rotating sheet is synchronously opened along with the outer sides of the jaw plates, and clamping of the steel material is eliminated.
Optionally, in the grab bucket of the steel grab machine, both the opening and closing rope and the steel wire rope are selected to be d-18 × 7-iwr-1570-10.
Advantageous effects
The invention provides a grab bucket which can stably grab bulk waste steel and can grab steel bars, and aims to solve the problems that the grab bucket is difficult to grab the steel bars and the grab bucket is unstable in the steel bar moving process due to the fact that on-site steel placement and round steel are different in diameter. Two jaw plates are oppositely arranged below the two support rods, and the two jaw plates are controlled to be opened or closed by a lifting ring connecting piece. The front end surface and the rear end surface of each jaw plate are respectively provided with a rotating sheet, the rotating sheets rotate outwards synchronously along with the downward rotation of the jaw plates, and openings for feeding and discharging steel materials are formed at the front end and the rear end of each jaw plate; or the jaw plate rotates upwards to rotate inwards synchronously, and the jaw plate and the rotating sheet at the opposite side are matched to seal the jaw plate to form a closed grab bucket space for grabbing the steel material, or the part of the steel material exceeding the width of the jaw plate is clamped. Therefore, when the bulk scrap steel is grabbed, the rotating sheets are squeezed and opened to reduce grabbing resistance, and after grabbing is finished, the rotating sheets fall down and are combined at the bucket part to prevent materials from leaking; when the large or long steel bar is grabbed, the rotating piece is squeezed to be kept open and is abutted to the steel bar. The invention can stably grab the bulk steel scrap and steel.
Furthermore, the invention fully considers the self weight, the maintenance convenience and the repair cost of the grab bucket, and designs four rotating sheets at the front and the back of the grab bucket while optimizing the structure of the common single-rope pulley grab bucket, and the grab bucket can respectively grab bulk waste steel and steel bars when the four rotating sheets are opened, closed and opened. When the rotor plate is used for grabbing scattered waste steel, the rotor plate is extruded to be opened to reduce grabbing resistance, after grabbing is completed, the rotor plate falls down and is combined with a bucket part to prevent materials from leaking, and when large or long-strip-shaped steel is grabbed, the rotor plate is extruded to be kept in an opening state all the time. The invention can stably grab the scattered waste steel and steel bars in such a way, and solves the problem of gravity center overturning of the grab bucket structure by setting the axis direction of the hoisting ring of the grab bucket to be vertical to the opening and closing direction of the grab bucket.
In order to accurately control the rotating plate and ensure the stable process of grabbing and unloading steel materials, when the grab bucket is grabbed, the slide frame group, the pull rod and the steel wire rope are mutually linked, so that the jaw plate of the grab bucket can be smoothly opened and falls onto a material pile, and the slide frame group is driven by the balance weight to continuously fall onto the lower bearing beam. The hook below the sliding frame group consisting of the hanging ring connecting piece and the hanging ring can be hung in the hanging ring opening of the lower bearing beam, the steel wire rope pulls the sliding frame group upwards to enable the grab bucket formed by the jaw plate and the rotating sheet to ascend, and meanwhile the steel wire rope enables the grab bucket to be closed through the operation of the sliding frame group. During unloading, the full-load grab bucket is transferred to an unloading designated place through the crane, the steel wire rope downwards drives the sliding frame group to enable the grab bucket to descend, meanwhile, the steel wire rope continuously descends to enable the hook below the sliding frame group to be separated from a hanging ring opening of the lower bearing beam, and the grab bucket is rapidly opened under the action of the self weight of the lower bearing beam and the bucket part.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a grab bucket of a steel grab machine of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the grab of the present invention in a second state;
FIG. 3 is a front view of the grab bucket of the steel grab of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged partial view of the area F in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a side view of a grab bucket of a steel grab machine of the present invention
FIG. 6 is an enlarged partial view of the area G in FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of a portion of the area H in FIG. 5;
FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of the construction of the stay in the grab bucket of the steel grab of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of area E of FIG. 8;
FIG. 10 is a schematic side dimension view of the jaw plate of the grab bucket of the steel grab of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic representation of the principal dimensions of a grab bucket of a steel grab in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic illustration of a steel grabber grab taking a material to unload process of the present invention;
FIG. 13 shows the stress condition of the grab bucket of the steel grab machine in the grabbing process;
figure 14 is a schematic illustration of the shear forces experienced by rivets used to join structures in a grab bucket of a steel grab in accordance with the present invention.
In the drawings, 1 denotes a stay; 2 denotes a jaw plate; 3 represents a support frame; 4 represents a rivet; 5 denotes jaw plate connecting cylinders; 6 denotes a wire rope drive end; 7 represents a steel wire rope; 8 denotes a wire rope adjusting bracket; 9, a steel wire rope adjusting roller; 10 denotes a wire rope adjusting bearing; 11 denotes a suspension ring bearing; 12 denotes a suspension ring support; 13 denotes a suspension ring; 14 denotes a bail attachment; 15 denotes jaw plate attachment holes; and 16 denotes a rotor.
Detailed Description
In order to make the purpose and technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the described embodiments of the invention without any inventive step, are within the scope of protection of the invention.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
Fig. 1 is a grab bucket of a steel grab machine according to the invention, which is designed with four sheet-shaped side plates for a common single-rope grab bucket, and the four sheet-shaped side plates can be squeezed open to grab steel bars while grabbing bulk waste steel as a common grab bucket. In the design process, after the structure is determined, the sizes are calculated, then a three-dimensional model is established through three-dimensional software, main stress components of the three-dimensional model are led into ANSYS for finite element analysis, stress and deformation of each part are obtained, and the model is refined according to the stress and the deformation to meet the requirements. Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, the grab bucket structure of the steel grab machine mainly comprises:
the top of the support frame 3 is provided with a connecting structure for a steel wire rope 7 to pass through;
the upper ends of the two symmetrically arranged support rods 1 are connected with the left end and the right end of the support frame 3 respectively, and the lower ends of the two support rods are connected with the two jaw plates 2 respectively;
the jaw plates 2 comprise two jaws which are symmetrically connected below the two support rods 1, each jaw plate 2 respectively comprises a connecting part and a grabbing part, inward bending is formed between the connecting part and the grabbing part in a connecting mode, a jaw plate connecting hole 15 is formed in the inner side of the upper end of the connecting part, the jaw plate connecting hole 15 is connected with a lifting ring connecting piece 14, a lifting ring 13 is connected above the lifting ring connecting piece 14 in a mode shown in a figure 7, the lifting ring 13 is connected above the lifting ring connecting piece 14 through a lifting ring support 12 and a lifting ring bearing 11 penetrating through the lifting ring support 12, the steel wire rope 7 penetrates through the lifting ring to be connected with the lifting ring connecting piece 14, the lifting ring connecting piece 14 is used for connecting the two jaw plates, and the two jaw plates are controlled to be upwards rotated, folded or downwards rotated; a jaw plate connecting cylinder 5 is arranged on the outer side of the upper end of the connecting part, and the support rod 1 is connected with the jaw plate connecting cylinder 5 to fix the jaw plate 2; wherein, the jaw plate connecting cylinder 5 can select No. 15 high-quality carbon structural steel to realize sufficient mechanical strength and bear the grab bucket and the load thereof;
the number of the rotating pieces 16 is 4, the rotating pieces are respectively connected to the front end and the rear end of the two jaw plates 2, each rotating piece 16 synchronously rotates outwards along with the jaw plates 2 rotating downwards when the jaw plates 2 are opened, and openings for steel materials to enter and exit are formed at the front end and the rear end of the two jaw plates 2; under the state that the jaw plates 2 are folded, the rotating pieces 16 rotate inwards synchronously along with the upward rotation of the jaw plates 2 and are matched with the jaw plates 2 to seal the front and rear ends of the two jaw plates 2 to form a closed grab bucket space for grabbing steel materials or clamp the two ends of the steel materials exceeding the width of the jaw plates 2. The upper end of each of the 4 rotating pieces 16 is provided with a limiting bulge, and the lower surface of each limiting bulge is abutted to the edge of the upper surface of the connecting part of the jaw plate 2.
Considering that the grabbing performance of the grab bucket is influenced by the self weight of the grab bucket, the size of a jaw plate, the opening and closing speed of the jaw plate, the falling speed of a body and other data, the following optimized design needs to be carried out on the structure of the grab bucket
At 2.7t, 1.5m3Grab bucket is a design body
Specific gravity of available material
Preliminarily set the self-weight m of the grab bucketGAccording to the set self-weight m of the grab bucketGCalculating the distribution of the self weight of the grab bucket in each part:
in the formula: m isG、mi-the grab and its corresponding partial masses;
TABLE 1 grab bucket weight distribution coefficient
The mass of each part of the single rope grab can be obtained from table 1.
Based on the above calculation results, the jaw plates are designed as follows:
referring to the partial view shown in fig. 4, at least two parallel reinforcing ribs extending from inside to outside are further disposed on the upper end surface of the connecting portion of the jaw plate 2, inner side end portions of the two reinforcing ribs protrude from the inner side edge of the jaw plate 2, the jaw plate connecting holes 15 are respectively disposed on the inner side end portions of the two reinforcing ribs, and the lifting ring connecting member 14 is connected by rivets of 36x150 and 36x170 types.
Wherein, the shape of the grab bucket jaw plate should satisfy: when the materials enter the grab bucket, the resistance is small, and the capacity is large; when the materials are unloaded, the materials can be quickly inclined downwards from the grab bucket; when the grab bucket begins to be lifted, the power load of the steel wire rope is small. Referring to the schematic diagram of the side of the grapple jaw shown in fig. 10, the grapple jaw side area is calculated:
in the formula: s1-ABH area;
S2-BCGH area;
S3-CDFG area;
v is the volume of the grab bucket;
e-jaw width.
The bucket body width calculation formula is as follows:
E＝θD (3-3)
in the formula: e-jaw plate width;
d, the maximum opening of the grab bucket is 2.3 m;
theta-jaw plate width/maximum opening of the grab bucket, and is taken as 0.50.
Obtaining E from the formula 3-3
Obtaining S (m) according to the formula 3-22)
Make 2 (S)1+S2+S3)＝S(m2) The calculation can obtain: segment sizes in fig. 10: l isBH、LCG、LDF
Then, the closed width of the grab bucket is determined to be C-2LCG。
Setting the mass of the vertical blade plate as m41The mass of the side plate is m42The mass of the horizontal blade plate is m43The mass of the bottom plate is m44The mass of the rib plate is m45Mass of steel pipe is m46。
The self-weight of the bucket body is distributed in each part:
m4i＝K4im4(3-4)
in the formula: m is4、m4i-the body and the corresponding part of the mass;
K4i-bucket mass distribution coefficients, the corresponding values of which are given in table 2:
TABLE 2 bucket Mass distribution coefficient K4i
Wherein the dimensions and weight parameters of the side plates and the vertical blades are used for designing the rotor body.
From the data in Table 2 and applying equations 3-4:
a transverse blade plate: m is43＝K43×m4(kg)
A bottom plate: m is44＝K44×m4(kg)
Rib plate: m is45＝K45×m4(kg)
Steel pipe: m is46＝K46×m4(kg)
Taking the ratio of the width of the transverse blade plate to the closed width of the grab bucket as mu430.15, so the width of the chisel edge plate is taken
The thickness of the chisel edge plate is as follows:
in the formula: t is t43-the chisel edge plate thickness;
m43-a cross blade plate mass;
ρ -material density;
l43-width of the blade plate;
e-jaw width.
Determination of the thickness of the base plate:
therefore, the bottom plate thickness calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula: t is t44-the thickness of the bottom plate;
m44-weight of the soleplate;
ρ -material density;
l43-width of the blade plate;
e-jaw width.
Determination of the thickness of the rib:
in the formula: t is t45-rib thickness;
m45-weight of rib plate;
ρ -material density;
S45-rib area.
Floor area S45The ratio of the jaw plate side area S to the jaw plate side area S is 0.75, where
Determination of the inner diameter size of the steel pipe:
in the formula: r is the outer diameter of the steel pipe;
r-the inner diameter of the steel pipe;
m46-steel tube weight;
ρ -material density;
e — jaw width, where R is 0.10 (m).
Distribution of the main dimensions of the grab:
the major size distribution coefficients are shown in table 3:
TABLE 3 grab bucket principal dimension distribution coefficient Ki
From table 3, the various dimensions labeled in fig. 11 are:
height at maximum opening of jaw:
width of lower part of the stay bar: f ═ E × K3(m)
Closing height:
referring to fig. 5 and 6 in detail, in the above structure, the connecting structure disposed at the top of the supporting frame 3 includes:
the steel wire rope adjusting bracket 8 is arranged at the upper top of the support frame 3, and a through hole for the steel wire rope 7 to pass through is formed in the lower side of the support frame 3 corresponding to the steel wire rope adjusting bracket 8;
the steel wire rope adjusting bearings 10 comprise two steel wire rope adjusting brackets 8 which are arranged in parallel at the upper ends of the steel wire rope adjusting brackets;
the steel wire rope adjusting rollers 9 comprise at least two steel wire rope adjusting bearings 10, the steel wire ropes 7 penetrate through the through holes and penetrate between the steel wire rope adjusting rollers 9;
the steel wire rope 7 is supported by each steel wire rope adjusting roller 9, is kept perpendicular to the support frame 3, passes through the support frame 3 and is connected to the lifting ring connecting pieces 14 on the two jaw plates 2, contracts upwards to pull the jaw plates 2 upwards to enable the two jaw plates to rotate upwards to be folded, or releases downwards to lower the jaw plates 2 to enable the two jaw plates to rotate downwards to be unfolded.
Fig. 8 and 9 are schematic views of the stay bar 1 in the grab bucket of the steel grab machine. Each of the stay bars 1 includes:
the support rod main bodies comprise two support rod main bodies which are arranged in parallel, each support rod main body is respectively surrounded by two front plates and two side plates to form a hollow rod-shaped structure shown in the figure 9, the width of the middle part of the hollow rod-shaped structure is wider than that of the two ends, and the two side plates and the two front plates of each support rod main body are plates with the thickness of 0.6 cm;
the connecting rod comprises a plurality of connecting rods with the same length, and the connecting rods are uniformly distributed between the two brace rod main bodies to connect the two brace rod main bodies.
Wherein, in order to conveniently realize the control of the grab bucket of the steel grabbing machine, the jaw plate connecting cylinder 5 outside the jaw plate can be further connected with an opening and closing rope, the opening and closing rope is matched with the steel wire rope 7, and the material taking and discharging processes shown in figures 12a to d are realized:
when the grab bucket is opened (shown in a figure a) and falls onto a material pile, the opening and closing rope descends, the steel wire rope 7 stops, the two jaw plates are controlled to be opened outwards and descend onto a steel material, the rotating piece 16 is synchronously opened along the outer sides of the jaw plates, and openings for the steel material to enter and exit are formed at the front end and the rear end of each jaw plate 2;
when the opening and closing rope is lifted upwards and the steel wire rope 7 is stopped, a closing reel (shown in a figure b) is started to control the two jaw plates to be folded inwards, the jaw plates of the grab bucket are inserted into a material pile through the self weight of the grab bucket body to start to grab the steel material, and the rotating sheets 16 are attached to and abutted against the side wall surfaces of the steel material extending out of the front end part and the rear end part of the jaw plates to clamp the extending steel material;
when the grab bucket is completely closed, a lifting winding drum is rapidly opened, the opening and closing rope rises, at the moment, the lifting winding drum and the closing winding drum synchronously rotate, when the steel wire rope 7 rises, the two jaw plates are controlled to be folded inwards to lift the steel material, and the rotating piece 16 keeps clamping the steel material;
when the opening and closing rope descends and the steel wire rope 7 descends, the grab bucket filled with materials is lifted to a specified position. When the crane moves the grab bucket to a designated loading and unloading place, the closed winding drum is opened (figure d) when the crane begins to descend, the lifting winding drum still keeps still, the grab bucket does not need to be opened, the grab bucket is guided by the closed winding drum to be opened, and materials are dumped from the grab bucket. At the moment, the two jaw plates are matched to be opened outwards to unload the steel material, and the rotating sheet 16 is opened synchronously along with the outer sides of the jaw plates to eliminate clamping of the steel material.
In order to ensure the stable structure of the stay bar, the size parameters of the stay bar are designed according to the following modes:
the total weight m of the strut parts can be obtained from Table 1 and applying the formula 3-11(t) so that a single strut portion weighs
Distribution of self weight of the stay bar in each part:
let the weight of the side plate be m11Front board weight of m12The weight of the connecting rod is m13。
The distribution of the self weight of the stay bar in each part is carried out according to the following formula:
m1i＝Ki×m′1
in the formula: m'1、m1i-the struts and their respective partial masses;
K1i-strut mass distribution coefficient, see table 4:
TABLE 4 brace bar mass distribution coefficient
From table 4, the mass of each part of the strut can be found:
side plates: m is11＝K11×m′1(kg)；
Front plate: m is12＝K12×m′1(kg)；
Connecting rods: m is13＝K13×m′1(kg)。
Strut size was calculated from table 3:
H＝K4×A(m)
the width and height of the cross-section and end cross-section in the brace are determined below.
The width and height of each section can be obtained according to the formula:
Wi＝KWi×H (3-5)
in the formula: wi-brace bar eachThe height of the cross section;
h-stay length;
KWi-the width and height distribution coefficient of each section of the brace rod.
Table 5 is derived from equations 3-5:
TABLE 5 width and height distribution coefficient of each section of brace rod
The width and height of each section of the strut can be taken from table 5:
the medium section is wider: w1＝KW1×H(m)
Height of the middle section: w2＝KW2×H(m)
The end section width is narrower: w3＝KW3×H(m)
End section height: w4＝KW4×H(m)。
The thickness of the side wall of the brace rod can be equal to t3＝t4＝t7＝t8＝t21Taking the equivalent t of the first half wall thickness1＝t2＝t5＝t6＝t22。
From fig. 3, the relationship between the various dimensional parameters can be derived, and from this:
side plate thickness:
then t3＝t4＝t7＝t8＝t21(m)，
The thickness of the front plate is as follows:
then t1＝t2＝t5＝t6＝t22(m)，
Therefore, the cross-sectional thickness of the stay bar can be 0.006 (m).
In order to ensure the strength of the opening and closing rope and the steel wire rope 7, the steel wires with the models of d-18 multiplied by 7-iwr-1570-10 can be selected to realize the opening and closing rope.
In a more specific implementation manner, each of the rotating sheets 16 provided by the present invention respectively includes:
the outer edge of the rotor vertical blade plate is attached to the connecting part and the grabbing part of the jaw plate 2 and is set to be an inward-bent arc shape; the inner edge of the jaw plate 2 is arranged to be a straight line, and the jaw plate 2 is attached to the other rotating sheet 16 on the same side in a folded state to seal the jaw plate 2;
the rotor side plate is arranged at the upper end of the rotor vertical blade plate, is close to the outer edge of the rotor vertical blade plate, and the lower surface of the rotor side plate is close to the upper end surface of the outer side of the connecting part of the jaw plate 2 and synchronously rotates along with the rotation of the jaw plate 2;
and the rotor connecting column is arranged at the upper part of the inner side of the rotor vertical blade plate, extends towards the inner side of the connecting part of the jaw plate 2, is rotatably connected with the connecting part and is used as the rotating axis of the rotor 16.
Wherein, the data in table 2 and applying the formula 3-4 are shown:
rotating the blade and erecting the blade plate: m is41＝K41×m4(kg)
A rotor side plate: m is42＝K42×m4(kg)
Taking width l of vertical blade plate of rotor41＝l43(m)。
Thickness of the vertical blade plate of the rotor:
in the formula:
t41-rotor vertical blade thickness;
m41-weight of rotor blade riser plate;
l41-rotor blade vertical blade plate width;
ρ -material density, where ρ 7850 (kg/m)3)。
Thickness of the side plate of the rotor:
each part of the grab bucket is subjected to force analysis to determine the required material strength.
The stress condition of the grab bucket in the grabbing process is as follows:
the grab bucket grabs the material is a process, and every part all has different cooperation condition in the process, and when being in different cooperation condition, the atress of every part of it all is different too, and specific condition and hand analysis are decided according to material characteristic and the condition of snatching. The force diagram at the beginning of the grab bucket grabs down onto the material pile is shown in figure 13.
According to the overall balance to obtain
mGg-S2-Ry＝0
In the formula:
mG-grab weight;
S1-hoisting rope tension;
S2-rope opening and closing tension;
Rx-horizontal force component exerted by the pile;
Ry-vertical force component exerted by the pile.
The stress condition when the grab bucket rises:
the hoisting rope tension and the opening and closing rope tension in the hoisting process of the grab bucket need to be known. When the motor starts to rise, the tension s1＝s2I.e. the weight of the material to be gripped. At this time, each part of the grab bucket is stressed lightly. However, in the initial stage of lifting, the lifting rope cannot be quickly tightened and is still in a slack state temporarily, and the tension of the opening and closing rope at the moment is the maximum tension for completely closing the grab bucket.
(mG+mF)g-S1-S 20 in this caseIn the shape, the stress of each part of the grab bucket is relatively serious, so that the stress condition of the grab bucket just rising after the grab bucket grabs the material is only considered when the grab bucket carries out structural analysis based on strength and rigidity.
When the grab bucket just rises: v-0 → v-0.5 m/s
a＝0.5m/s2
Steel cable tension T ═ mG+mF)g+(mG+mF)a(KN) (3-6)
Checking a crane design manual to obtain a steel wire rope with the nominal diameter of 10mm to meet the requirement
Normal stress of the cross section of the steel cord:
the safety coefficient n of the steel wire rope is 5-5.5, and the allowable stress [ sigma ] isn × sigma (mPa) when n is 5.5, as can be known from looking up a design model of a hoisting machine and a production common data utility manual.
The steel wire rope model is D-18 multiplied by 7-IWR-1570-10.
The maximum tensile force T (kN) borne by the stay bar can be known from formulas 3 to 6
The tension force T' (kN) to which each structural steel in each brace bar is subjected
The box-shaped section thickness t of the grab bucket stay bar is 6mm, the minimum thickness of the connecting rod is 6mm, and the section thickness t of the stay bar can be known from fig. 8.
In the above structure, the rivets connecting the components are selected from 36x150 and 36x170, and each rivet is subjected to a uniform shearing force, so that the shearing force of each rivet is shown in fig. 14.
The extrusion strength conditions of the rivet rod and the hole wall are as follows: p (kN)
In the formula: p is extrusion force;
σjy-extrusion stress;
Ajy-effective extrusion area.
The shear strength conditions of the rivet stem are as follows:
in the formula: q-shear force;
τ -shear stress;
a is the shear area.
Since the rivet and the reamed hole are bolted similarly, the checking is performed here based on the extrusion strength. Taking the safety coefficient s as 1.5 under the action of dynamic load, the allowable extrusion stress is [ sigma ]jy]＝σjy×s(mPa)。
The rivet is mainly subjected to reciprocating alternating shearing force. The high-quality carbon structural steel No. 15 has the characteristic advantages of high plasticity and toughness, obvious defects, low strength and hardness, good forging, welding and cold stamping performances and good cold plastic deformation processing performance. Because of its performance and working performance, it is often used to make parts with high toughness and low load and carburized parts, so the material is No. 15 high-quality carbon structural steel.
And for the jaw plates and the rotor:
the jaw plate is stressed by the force exerted by the loaded objects, the load is approximately uniformly distributed on the jaw plate, the jaw plate is equal to a cantilever beam, the stress analysis can be carried out in an analysis mode of the cantilever beam, in order to enhance the strength of the jaw plate, reinforcing ribs are designed on the side face of the jaw plate, and therefore the jaw plate can meet the use requirements under the action of bending moment and shearing force, when the size design requirements are met, the jaw plate does not need to be analyzed, HD400 steel is selected as a manufacturing material by checking a table, and the cylinder connected with the rotor plate is subjected to downward tensile force of the weight of the rotor plate, so that qualitative analysis is needed.
Calculating the conditions of extrusion and shearing strength between the connecting cylinder and the rotating sheet:
the extrusion strength conditions of the connecting cylinder and the rotary plate are as follows:
PYZ(kN)
in the formula: pYZ-a pressing force connecting the cylinder and the rotor;
σYZ-compressive stress connecting the cylinder and the rotor;
AYZthe effective extrusion area between the connecting cylinder and the rotor, the diameter of the connecting cylinder being 50 mm.
The shear strength conditions of the connecting cylinder are as follows:
QYZ＝PYZ(kN)
in the formula: qYZ-shear force;
τYZ-shear stress;
AY-area of shear.
Taking the safety coefficient s as 1.5, the allowable extrusion stress is [ sigma ]YZ]＝σYZ×s(mPa)。
Because the connecting cylinder has simple shape and small stress, the No. 15 steel high-quality carbon structural steel is adopted.
Since the forces act on each other, a force equal to the weight of the rotor was applied at the attachment holes of the rotor, and a force of 1.386kN was applied at the attachment holes in the stress analysis.
Therefore, the invention carries out local structure optimization based on the common single-rope pulley grab bucket, and the grab bucket can grab two types of materials with different shapes by designing the rotating piece. Determining basic components and structures of the grab bucket by referring to an entity and reading books and observing the movement of the grab bucket during movement, obtaining required dimensional data by analyzing the structure and movement stress of a grab bucket body, selecting proper manufacturing materials according to stress conditions, obtaining a modeling basis according to dimensional parameters, establishing a three-dimensional model meeting design requirements by using three-dimensional software, analyzing local stress and deformation of each part, observing whether the stress and the deformation are in a safe range and performing structural correction according to conditions, analyzing the matching relationship among the parts after determining the parts, assembling the assembly body according to the analysis, and finally performing movement simulation on the assembly body by referring to the movement of the entity to determine the designed movement.
After the three-dimensional models of the steel wire rope, the stay bar and the rivet are established, main stress is borne in the grab bucket body by the three models, tension is applied to two ends of the steel wire rope for stress and deformation analysis, the self weight of the grab bucket body can be borne by the steel wire rope, tension is applied to the rivet mounting hole of the stay bar, the steel wire rope is confirmed to be stressed within the maximum bearing range, extrusion force is applied to the rod part of the rivet, and the steel wire rope, the stay bar and the rivet meet the stress requirement is confirmed. And finally, performing stress analysis on the rotor plate with the optimized structure, confirming that the outer edge of the hole site can bear the dead weight of the rotor plate body and cannot be broken, performing stress analysis on the short rod for mounting the rotor plate, determining that the short rod can also bear the dead weight of the rotor plate body and the deformation quantity meets the requirement, and ensuring that the grab bucket can normally work after the requirement is met. After a series of analysis calculation and optimization and motion conditions, the feasibility of the rotary piece is determined, when the rotary piece grabs scattered waste steel, the rotary piece is squeezed to be opened to reduce grabbing resistance, after grabbing is completed, the rotary piece falls down and is combined with a bucket part to prevent materials from leaking, and when the rotary piece grabs large or long-strip steel, the rotary piece is squeezed to be kept in an open state all the time to maintain stability of the grab bucket.
The above are merely embodiments of the present invention, which are described in detail and with particularity, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and these changes and modifications are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a grab bucket of steel grab machine which characterized in that includes:
the top of the support frame (3) is provided with a connecting structure for a steel wire rope (7) to pass through;
the upper ends of the two support rods (1) are connected with the left end and the right end of the support frame (3) respectively, and the lower ends of the two support rods are connected with the two jaw plates (2) respectively;
the jaw plates (2) comprise two plates which are symmetrically connected below the two support rods (1), each jaw plate (2) comprises a connecting part and a grabbing part, inward bending is formed between the connecting part and the grabbing part in a connecting mode, jaw plate connecting holes (15) are formed in the inner side of the upper end of the connecting part, the jaw plate connecting holes (15) are connected with lifting ring connecting pieces (14), lifting rings are connected above the lifting ring connecting pieces (14), the steel wire rope (7) penetrates through the lifting rings to be connected with the lifting ring connecting pieces (14), the lifting ring connecting pieces (14) are connected with the two jaw plates, and the two jaw plates are controlled to rotate upwards to be folded or rotate downwards to be unfolded; a jaw plate connecting cylinder (5) is arranged on the outer side of the upper end of the connecting part, and the support rod (1) is connected with the jaw plate connecting cylinder (5) to fix the jaw plate (2);
the number of the rotating pieces (16) is 4, the rotating pieces are respectively connected to the front end and the rear end of the two jaw plates (2), each rotating piece (16) rotates outwards synchronously along with the downward rotation of the jaw plates (2) in the state that the jaw plates (2) are opened, and openings for feeding steel materials in and out are formed at the front end and the rear end of the two jaw plates (2); the rotating pieces (16) rotate inwards synchronously along with the upward rotation of the jaw plates (2) under the condition that the jaw plates (2) are folded, are matched with the jaw plates (2), and seal the front end and the rear end of the two jaw plates (2) to form a sealed grab bucket space for grabbing steel materials or clamp the two ends of the steel materials exceeding the width of the jaw plates (2).
2. The grab of claim 1, in which the attachment structure comprises:
the steel wire rope adjusting support (8) is arranged at the upper top of the support frame (3), and a through hole for a steel wire rope (7) to pass through is formed in the lower side, corresponding to the steel wire rope adjusting support (8), of the support frame (3);
the steel wire rope adjusting bearings (10) comprise two steel wire rope adjusting supports (8) which are arranged at the upper ends of the steel wire rope adjusting supports in parallel;
the steel wire rope adjusting rollers (9) comprise at least two steel wire rope adjusting bearings (10), the steel wire ropes (7) penetrate through the through holes and penetrate between the steel wire rope adjusting rollers (9);
the steel wire ropes (7) are supported by the steel wire rope adjusting idler wheels (9), are kept perpendicular to the supporting frame (3), penetrate through the supporting frame (3) and are connected to the lifting ring connecting pieces (14) on the two jaw plates (2), and are contracted upwards so as to pull up the jaw plates (2) to enable the two jaw plates to rotate upwards to be folded, or are loosened downwards so as to lower the jaw plates (2) to enable the two jaw plates to rotate downwards to be opened.
3. The grab bucket of the steel grab machine according to claim 2, wherein the upper end face of the connecting part of the jaw plate (2) is further provided with at least two reinforcing ribs extending from inside to outside, the inner side end parts of the two reinforcing ribs protrude out of the inner side edge of the jaw plate (2), and the jaw plate connecting holes (15) are respectively arranged at the inner side end parts of the two reinforcing ribs.
4. The grab bucket of the steel grab machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the upper ends of the 4 rotating sheets (16) are provided with limiting bulges, and the lower surfaces of the limiting bulges are abutted against the upper surface edges of the connecting parts of the jaw plates (2).
5. A grab bucket according to claim 1, wherein each of the struts (1) comprises:
the support rod comprises two support rod main bodies which are arranged in parallel, each support rod main body is surrounded by two front plates and two side plates to form a hollow rod-shaped structure, the width of the middle part of the hollow rod-shaped structure is wider than that of the two ends of the hollow rod-shaped structure, and the two side plates and the two front plates of each support rod main body are plates with the thickness of 0.6 cm;
the connecting rod comprises a plurality of connecting rods with the same length, and the connecting rods are uniformly distributed between the two brace rod main bodies to connect the two brace rod main bodies.
6. A grab bucket for steel grab machines according to claim 1, wherein each of said rotor plates (16) comprises:
the outer edge of the rotor vertical blade plate is attached to the connecting part and the grabbing part of the jaw plate (2) and is set to be an inward-bent arc shape; the inner edge of the jaw plate (2) is arranged to be a straight line, and the jaw plate (2) is attached to the other rotating sheet (16) on the same side in a furled state to seal the jaw plate (2);
the rotor side plate is arranged at the upper end of the rotor vertical blade plate, is close to the outer edge of the rotor vertical blade plate, and the lower surface of the rotor side plate is close to the upper end surface of the outer side of the connecting part of the jaw plate (2) and synchronously rotates along with the rotation of the jaw plate (2);
and the rotor connecting column is arranged at the upper part of the inner side of the rotor vertical blade plate, extends towards the inner side of the connecting part of the jaw plate (2), is rotatably connected with the connecting part and is used as the rotating axis of the rotor (16).
7. Grab bucket for steel grab machines according to claims 1-6, characterized in that the jaw plate connecting cylinder (5) is made of No. 15 high quality carbon structural steel.
8. A grab bucket for a steel grab machine according to claims 1-7, wherein the jaw connecting cylinder (5) outside the jaw is further connected with an opening and closing rope, and the opening and closing rope is matched with the steel wire rope (7):
when the opening and closing rope descends and the steel wire rope (7) stops, the two jaw plates are controlled to be opened outwards and descend to the steel material, the rotating sheet (16) is opened synchronously along the outer sides of the jaw plates, and openings for the steel material to enter and exit are formed at the front end and the rear end of each of the two jaw plates (2);
when the opening and closing rope rises and the steel wire rope (7) stops, the two jaw plates are controlled to be folded inwards to grab the steel material, the rotating sheet (16) is attached to and abutted against the surfaces of the side walls of the steel material extending out of the front end portion and the rear end portion of the jaw plates, and the extending steel material is clamped;
when the opening and closing rope rises and the steel wire rope (7) rises, the two jaw plates are controlled to be folded inwards to lift the steel material, and the rotating piece (16) keeps clamping the steel material;
when the opening and closing rope descends and the steel wire rope (7) descends, the two jaw plates are controlled to be opened outwards to unload the steel material, and the rotating sheet (16) is opened synchronously along with the outer sides of the jaw plates to eliminate clamping of the steel material.
9. Grab according to claims 1-8, characterized in that the opening and closing rope and the wire rope (7) are both chosen to be d-18 x 7-iwr-1570-10.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911141299.1A CN110950238A (en) | 2019-11-20 | 2019-11-20 | Grab bucket of steel grabbing machine |
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| CN201911141299.1A CN110950238A (en) | 2019-11-20 | 2019-11-20 | Grab bucket of steel grabbing machine |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112265817A (en) * | 2020-09-15 | 2021-01-26 | 安徽万山红环保科技有限公司 | Novel dangerous waste product snatchs device |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112265817A (en) * | 2020-09-15 | 2021-01-26 | 安徽万山红环保科技有限公司 | Novel dangerous waste product snatchs device |
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Application publication date: 20200403 |