CN110948965B - Stainless steel-carbon steel-stainless steel composite plate for storage and transportation pressure container and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Stainless steel-carbon steel-stainless steel composite plate for storage and transportation pressure container and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
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- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
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- B32B2307/752—Corrosion inhibitor
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Abstract
A stainless steel-carbon steel-stainless steel composite board for pressure storage and transportation containers and a manufacturing method thereof belong to the field of steel composite materials. The preparation method of the stainless steel-carbon steel-stainless steel composite plate for the storage and transportation pressure container adopts a high-temperature compression method, and the dried core material and the stainless steel are loaded at 10 DEG3～104And (5) maintaining the temperature at 1300-1380 ℃ for 20-60 min under the MPa. The stainless steel-carbon steel-stainless steel composite plate for the storage and transportation pressure container has excellent bonding performance, does not have processing stress, not only improves the corrosion resistance, but also obviously improves the yield strength compared with the carbon steel made of a single material. The composite material has the advantages of high surface hardness, good tensile property, good interface bonding, no segregation at the bonding interface, no crack, no air hole and other defects. The high-temperature pressing method has simple preparation process and greatly improves the overall performance of the storage and transportation pressure vessel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of steel composite materials, and particularly relates to a stainless steel-carbon steel-stainless steel composite plate for a storage and transportation pressure container and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
The pressure container is used as a closed device for containing gas or liquid and bearing a certain pressure, and has wider application in the petrochemical industry. At present, in the field of manufacturing of storage and transportation pressure vessels, the material of the storage and transportation pressure vessels can be carbon steel, carbon steel lining plastic, stainless steel, plastic tanks, aluminum tanks and the like according to requirements. In selecting steel for pressure vessels for steel storage and transportation, carbon steel with lower price is generally selected in consideration of working environment and manufacturing cost, and Q235 and 20 steel are representative. However, the common carbon steel plate is easy to react with corrosive liquid in a container in the using process to cause corrosion; in addition, it is also prone to rusting in the natural environment. Therefore, the composite material which is formed by compounding stainless steel with good corrosion resistance on the inner surface and the outer surface of the common carbon steel plate to form a sandwich structure is an effective way for improving the service performance of the storage and transportation pressure vessel. The currently common stainless steel-carbon steel compounding method is a hot rolling compounding method, but the composite material plate prepared by the method has larger processing stress and influences welding; in addition, the composite board prepared by the hot rolling process has poor bonding performance and often cannot meet the use requirement.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a stainless steel-carbon steel-stainless steel composite plate for a storage and transportation pressure vessel and a manufacturing method thereof. The sandwich-structured composite board has excellent bonding performance, does not have processing stress, not only improves the corrosion resistance, but also obviously improves the yield strength of the composite board compared with the carbon steel made of a single material. The prepared stainless steel-carbon steel-stainless steel composite plate for the storage and transportation pressure container inherits the excellent corrosion resistance of stainless steel, has higher surface hardness, and has good tensile property. The prepared stainless steel-carbon steel-stainless steel composite plate for the storage and transportation pressure container has the advantages of good interface combination, no segregation at the combination interface, no defects of cracks, air holes and the like, simple preparation process, convenient operation and easily controlled process, and in the prepared stainless steel-carbon steel-stainless steel composite plate for the storage and transportation pressure container, as the core material is made of carbon steel, the welding performance is good, and the overall performance of the storage and transportation pressure container is greatly improved.
The invention discloses a preparation method of a stainless steel-carbon steel-stainless steel composite plate for a storage and transportation pressure vessel, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: pretreatment of core material
Stress annealing is carried out on the core material to obtain an annealed core material; the annealing temperature is determined according to the shape and the size of the core material;
removing oxide skin on the surface of the annealed core material, cleaning the surface, and processing the core material into a core plate material with a required size for later use;
step 2: pretreatment of corrosion-resistant layers
Annealing the stainless steel material to obtain an annealed stainless steel material; the annealing temperature of the annealing is determined according to the size and the shape of the stainless steel material;
removing oxide skin and oil stains on the surface of the annealed stainless steel material to obtain a pretreated stainless steel plate for later use;
and step 3: drying by baking
Drying the core plate and the pretreated stainless steel plate to obtain a dried plate;
and 4, step 4: stainless steel-carbon steel-stainless steel composite plate for preparing storage and transportation pressure container
Stacking the dried core plate and the stainless steel plate in the order of stainless steel plate-core plate-stainless steel plate, placing in an atmosphere protection resistance furnace, and loading 10% above the stainless steel plate-core plate-stainless steel plate3～104MPa；
And sealing the atmosphere protection resistance furnace to ensure that the atmosphere protection resistance furnace is in an argon atmosphere, heating to 1300-1380 ℃, preserving the heat for 20-60 min, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain the stainless steel-carbon steel-stainless steel composite plate.
In the step 1, the core material is selected from common medium and low carbon steel or low alloy steel, specifically one of Q235, 20 steel, 20Cr, 40 steel or 45 steel.
In the step 1, the thickness of the core material is determined according to the specification of the storage and transportation pressure container, and is preferably 3-20 mm.
In the step 1, the purpose of stress annealing is to eliminate stress generated in the process of preparing the core material.
In the step 1, the annealing temperature of the core material is preferably 450-700 ℃.
In the step 1, the method for removing the oxide skin on the surface is a mechanical polishing method.
In the step 1, the surface is cleaned by adopting alcohol or acetone solvent.
In the step 2, the stainless steel material is determined according to the use environment and the working condition, and is preferably 304 stainless steel or 316L stainless steel.
In the step 2, the stainless steel material is determined according to the requirements of the use environment of the storage and transportation pressure vessel, and the preferable thickness is 1-10 mm.
In the step 2, the stainless steel material is annealed for eliminating residual stress generated in the production process of preparing the stainless steel material.
In the step 2, the annealing temperature of the stainless steel material is preferably 900-1100 ℃.
In the step 3, the drying temperature is 80-100 ℃, and the drying time is 4-8 h.
In the step 4, the loading mode can be selected, a heavy object is placed above the plate, and the heavy object is made of refractory bricks or pure iron.
In the step 4, the heating rate is 5-8 ℃/min.
The invention relates to a stainless steel-carbon steel-stainless steel composite plate for a storage and transportation pressure vessel, which is prepared by adopting the preparation method.
The prepared stainless steel-carbon steel-stainless steel composite plate for the storage and transportation pressure container has the tensile strength of 300-350 MPa, the elongation of 6.2-6.5%, the shearing strength at the interface of more than 300MPa and the surface hardness of 170-190 HV.
The thickness of the interface bonding layer of the prepared stainless steel-carbon steel-stainless steel composite plate for the storage and transportation pressure container is 25-40 mu m.
The prepared stainless steel-carbon steel-stainless steel composite plate for the storage and transportation pressure container reserves the corrosion resistance of the original stainless steel.
A storage and transportation pressure vessel is prepared by adopting the stainless steel-carbon steel-stainless steel composite plate for the storage and transportation pressure vessel.
The invention relates to a stainless steel-carbon steel-stainless steel composite plate for a storage and transportation pressure vessel and a manufacturing method thereof, which solves the problems that: pressure vessels welded from carbon steel materials are often damaged by stress corrosion cracking due to the poor corrosion resistance of the carbon steel material. The stainless steel-carbon steel-stainless steel composite plate prepared by the method can be used for welding the pressure vessel, so that the defect that the surface of the pressure vessel is easy to corrode can be obviously improved, and the stainless steel material with good corrosion resistance can isolate the carbon steel material from a corrosive medium, so that the service life of the pressure vessel is prolonged. In addition, the stainless steel material is expensive, so that the cost is greatly increased if the stainless steel material is completely adopted for welding the pressure vessel, and the invention has important significance in terms of reducing the cost.
The stainless steel-carbon steel-stainless steel composite plate for the storage and transportation pressure container and the manufacturing method thereof have the advantages that the preparation temperature is 1300-1380 ℃, the temperature rise speed is controlled to be 5-8 ℃/min, and the phenomenon that the compounding is influenced due to the fact that a large temperature gradient is generated inside a material due to too fast heating is avoided. The carbon steel as the core material and the stainless steel as the corrosion-resistant layer are both heated to an austenite region, and elements between the two materials obtain enough driving force to mutually permeate so as to realize combination; the heat preservation time is controlled to be 20-60 min so as to provide sufficient diffusion time.
In step 1, after annealing, internal stress generated in the carbon steel plate during processing is eliminated. The carbon steel plate after mechanical processing and cleaning removes a surface oxidation layer, and can generate mutual diffusion of elements with a stainless steel material as a corrosion-resistant layer after being heated to an austenite region; in the step 2, the residual stress of the stainless steel plate is eliminated after annealing, and an ideal clean surface is obtained after machining and cleaning; in the step 3, the two raw materials obtain dry surfaces, so that the reduction of the composite quality caused by the generation of gas at an interface in the composite process is avoided.
The invention relates to a stainless steel-carbon steel-stainless steel composite board for a storage and transportation pressure vessel and a manufacturing method thereof, which adopts a high-temperature pressing technology and has the following characteristics compared with the prior art:
(1) the preparation method of the invention takes the common carbon steel plate and the common stainless steel as raw materials, avoids resource waste caused by applying the complete stainless steel material, and reduces the production cost.
(2) The preparation method of the invention has simple operation and loose requirements on process conditions.
(3) According to the preparation method disclosed by the invention, the core material steel plate and the corrosion-resistant layer stainless steel material are well combined, a combined interface is free of cracking, and microscopic defects are not observed under a microscope.
(4) The preparation method of the invention can produce the corrosion-resistant composite board which takes the common carbon steel as the core material and is made of various corrosion-resistant layer materials, and has larger technical advantages compared with other production modes.
(5) The sandwich structure composite board prepared by the invention not only can obtain excellent corrosion resistance, but also can obviously improve the integral strength of the composite material due to the introduction of the stainless steel material.
(6) The two components of the composite board prepared by the invention are metallurgically bonded, the bonding strength is higher, and the shearing strength at the interface is more than 300 MPa. Under the action of pressure, the corrosion-resistant layer can be fully diffused with the carbon steel layer due to higher composite temperature to form a thicker interdiffusion layer, and the composite interface is wavy, so that the area of the composite interface is increased, and the method has important significance for improving the bonding strength.
(7) The high-temperature pressing technology adopted by the invention is based on the requirements of service conditions and use environments, common carbon steel plates are used as core materials, after the upper surface and the lower surface of the core materials are treated, different materials are mutually permeated and compounded in a high-temperature environment while pressure is applied on the corrosion-resistant layer with the same treated surface, so that the stainless steel-carbon steel-stainless steel composite plate with a sandwich structure is obtained. The material of the corrosion-resistant layer can be designed according to the use requirement, and the stainless steel material with excellent corrosion resistance is selected in the field of storage and transportation pressure vessels in the petroleum industry with stronger corrosion resistance. The prepared stainless steel-carbon steel-stainless steel composite board has good surface corrosion resistance and improved surface strength, and the base material and the corrosion-resistant layer achieve good metallurgical bonding through mutual permeation of elements; meanwhile, the problem of high cost caused by adopting all stainless steel materials is avoided.
(8) According to the invention, argon is used as inert gas, and through multiple furnace washing operations, the oxygen content in the system can be effectively reduced, and the oxidation of the material in the compounding process is prevented; and the problem that a high vacuum environment is difficult to obtain can be avoided.
(9) The invention does not need polishing treatment for processing the base material, and a wave-shaped interface in a mechanical locking state can be obtained by utilizing a fresh machining surface, thereby being beneficial to improving the bonding strength.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a 304 stainless steel-20 steel-304 stainless steel wear-resistant composite plate made in accordance with example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a stress-strain curve of 304 stainless steel-20 steel-304 stainless steel wear-resistant composite plate prepared by the method of example 1 of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a photograph of a scanning backscattered electron microstructure (magnification 100X) at the bonding surface of a 304 stainless steel-20 steel-304 stainless steel wear-resistant composite plate prepared according to example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a scanning secondary electron microstructure picture (500 x magnification) of the bonding surface of the 304 stainless steel-20 steel-304 stainless steel wear-resistant composite plate prepared in example 1 of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Testing an instrument: and (3) acquiring a tissue picture at the interface by using a scanning electron microscope, and testing the bonding performance of the composite material by using an electronic universal testing machine.
Example 1
A preparation method of a 304 stainless steel-20 steel-304 stainless steel wear-resistant composite plate specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, pretreatment of a core material:
the core material of this example was 20 steel, and a commercially available steel sheet was purchased to a thickness of 3mm, and the base steel sheet was processed into a rectangular parallelepiped having a size of 120mm × 80 mm. In order to eliminate the stress generated in the machining process of the steel, the steel is firstly subjected to stress relief annealing, and the annealing temperature is selected to be 630 ℃; mechanical abrasion is then used to descale the surface and the surface is rinsed with an alcohol or acetone solution to obtain a clean surface.
the stainless steel material is selected according to the requirements of the use environment and the working condition, and 304 stainless steel is selected as the corrosion-resistant layer in the embodiment. In order to eliminate residual stress generated in the production process of the stainless steel, firstly, annealing treatment is carried out on the stainless steel, and the annealing temperature is selected to be 1000-1100 ℃; processing the material into a plate with the thickness of 1mm, wherein the size is 120mm multiplied by 80 mm; removing oxide skin generated in the manufacturing process of the surface by adopting a mechanical processing method, and cleaning the surface by using an alcohol or acetone solution to remove oil stains on the surface;
step 3, putting the pretreated core material and the corrosion-resistant layer material into a drying box at the temperature of 80-100 ℃ for drying for 4-8 hours;
the pretreated core material and the corrosion-resistant layer material are stacked together according to the sequence of stainless steel-carbon steel-stainless steel, and the structural schematic diagram is shown in figure 1; putting the stacked materials into an atmosphere protection resistance furnace, wherein the load is applied by placing a heavy object on the composite material, selecting refractory bricks or pure iron with higher melting point, and controlling the load size to be 103～104The MPa ensures that the composite material can obtain enough bonding strength; and then closing the furnace door, vacuumizing the sample chamber, filling argon, and repeating the operation for 3 times to fully discharge the air in the hearth and prevent the sample from being oxidized to influence the combination quality.
The preparation temperature of the invention is 1300-1380 ℃, carbon steel used as a core material and stainless steel used as a corrosion-resistant layer are both heated to an austenite region, and elements between the two materials obtain enough driving force to mutually permeate so as to realize combination; the heat preservation time is controlled to be 20-60 min so as to provide sufficient permeation time. And (4) after the heat preservation is finished, terminating the process, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain the 304 stainless steel-20 steel-304 stainless steel wear-resistant composite plate.
Scanning the joint of the prepared 304 stainless steel-20 steel-304 stainless steel wear-resistant composite plate to obtain a scanning back scattering electron microstructure picture of the interface between the stainless steel and the carbon steel in figure 3, wherein the metallurgical bonding of the two materials is realized in figure 3, and the scanning secondary electron microstructure picture of the joint is shown in figure 4 by carrying out magnified scanning on the joint, and the thickness of the joint of the 304 stainless steel and the 20 steel is 30 microns on average in figure 4.
The prepared 304 stainless steel-20 steel-304 stainless steel wear-resistant composite plate is subjected to a tensile test, and the stress-strain curve is shown in figure 2.
In step 1, after annealing, internal stress generated in the carbon steel plate during processing is eliminated. The carbon steel plate after mechanical processing and cleaning removes a surface oxidation layer, and can generate mutual diffusion of elements with a stainless steel material as a corrosion-resistant layer after being heated to an austenite region; in the step 2, the residual stress of the stainless steel plate is eliminated after annealing, and an ideal clean surface is obtained after machining and cleaning; in the step 3, the two raw materials obtain dry surfaces, so that the reduction of the composite quality caused by the generation of gas at an interface in the composite process is avoided. In the step 4, the shear strength of the prepared composite plate interface reaches 350MPa, and the method has obvious advantages compared with other methods.
Example 2
The preparation method of the stainless steel-carbon steel-stainless steel composite plate for the storage and transportation pressure container is the same as that in example 1, except that the core material adopted is Q235, and the stainless steel is 316L stainless steel.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a stainless steel-carbon steel-stainless steel composite plate for a storage and transportation pressure vessel is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: pretreatment of core material
Stress annealing is carried out on the core material to obtain an annealed core material; the annealing temperature is determined according to the shape and the size of the core material;
removing oxide skin on the surface of the annealed core material, cleaning the surface, and processing the core material into a core plate material with a required size for later use;
step 2: pretreatment of corrosion-resistant layers
Annealing the stainless steel material to obtain an annealed stainless steel material; the annealing temperature of the annealing is determined according to the size and the shape of the stainless steel material;
removing oxide skin and oil stains on the surface of the annealed stainless steel material to obtain a pretreated stainless steel plate for later use;
and step 3: drying by baking
Drying the core plate and the pretreated stainless steel plate to obtain a dried plate;
and 4, step 4: stainless steel-carbon steel-stainless steel composite plate for preparing storage and transportation pressure container
Stacking the dried core plate and the stainless steel plate in the order of stainless steel plate-core plate-stainless steel plate, placing in an atmosphere protection resistance furnace, and loading 10% above the stainless steel plate-core plate-stainless steel plate3～104MPa；
Sealing the atmosphere protection resistance furnace to ensure that the atmosphere protection resistance furnace is in an argon atmosphere, heating to 1300-1380 ℃, preserving the heat for 20-60 min, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain a stainless steel-carbon steel-stainless steel composite plate;
the prepared stainless steel-carbon steel-stainless steel composite plate for the storage and transportation pressure container has the tensile strength of 300-350 MPa, the elongation of 6.2-6.5%, the shearing strength at an interface of more than 300MPa and the surface hardness of 170-190 HV;
the thickness of the interface bonding layer of the prepared stainless steel-carbon steel-stainless steel composite plate for the storage and transportation pressure container is 25-40 mu m.
2. The method for manufacturing a stainless steel-carbon steel-stainless steel composite plate for storage and transportation pressure vessels according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the core material is made of common medium and low carbon steel or low alloy steel, specifically one of Q235, 20 steel, 20Cr, 40 steel or 45 steel.
3. The method for preparing the stainless steel-carbon steel-stainless steel composite plate for the storage and transportation pressure container according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the annealing temperature of the core material is 450-700 ℃.
4. The method for manufacturing a stainless steel-carbon steel-stainless steel composite plate for a storage and transportation pressure vessel as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the stainless steel material is selected from one of 304 stainless steel and 316L stainless steel according to the use environment and the working condition.
5. The method for preparing the stainless steel-carbon steel-stainless steel composite plate for the storage and transportation pressure vessel as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the annealing temperature of the stainless steel material is 900-1100 ℃.
6. The method for preparing the stainless steel-carbon steel-stainless steel composite plate for the storage and transportation pressure container according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, the drying temperature is 80-100 ℃ and the drying time is 4-8 h.
7. The method for preparing the stainless steel-carbon steel-stainless steel composite plate for the storage and transportation pressure vessel as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 4, the temperature rise rate is 5-8 ℃/min.
8. A stainless steel-carbon steel-stainless steel composite plate for pressure vessels for storage and transportation, which is characterized by being prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. The stainless steel-carbon steel-stainless steel composite plate for the storage and transportation pressure vessel of claim 8, wherein the prepared stainless steel-carbon steel-stainless steel composite plate for the storage and transportation pressure vessel has a tensile strength of 300MPa to 350MPa, an elongation of 6.2% to 6.5%, a shear strength at an interface of more than 300MPa, and a surface hardness of 170HV to 190 HV;
the thickness of the interface bonding layer of the prepared stainless steel-carbon steel-stainless steel composite plate for the storage and transportation pressure container is 25-40 mu m.
10. A pressure vessel for storage and transportation, characterized in that it is made of the stainless steel-carbon steel-stainless steel composite plate according to claim 8 or 9.
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