CN110948408A - Diamond grinding tool and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Diamond grinding tool and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a diamond grinding tool and a preparation method thereof. The diamond grinding tool comprises a base material and at least one composite coating attached to the surface of the base material; the composite coating comprises 0.5 wt.% to 5.5 wt.% of diamond particles, 10 wt.% to 40 wt.% of a transition metal oxide, and a nickel-based alloy; the porosity of the diamond grinding tool is 20-50%. The porosity of the diamond grinding tool is high, the composite coating of the diamond grinding tool is made of transition metal oxide with a specific dosage as a filling material, the porosity of the diamond grinding tool is improved, the thermal damage of diamond particles is reduced, the brazing activity of the diamond particles is improved, and meanwhile, the linear expansion coefficient of cladding metal is reduced, so that the linear expansion coefficient of the cladding metal is matched with that of the diamond particles, and the diamond particles are prevented from generating cracks under the action of welding thermal stress.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of material processing and preparation, in particular to a diamond grinding tool and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The high-strength, high-temperature-resistant and corrosion-resistant materials such as intermetallic compounds, high-temperature alloys, engineering ceramics, hard alloys and other difficult-to-process materials have the characteristics of high hardness, large grinding force, high grinding temperature, easy adhesion during grinding and the like, and the problems of workpiece burning, cracks, blockage and passivation of a grinding tool and the like easily occur in the grinding process, so that the grinding efficiency and the surface processing quality of the workpiece are influenced.
Diamond is used as a superhard abrasive material and has extremely high hardness, good thermal conductivity and good wear resistance. The metal bond diamond grinding tool has the characteristics of high bonding strength, good formability, long service life, capability of meeting the requirements of high-speed grinding and ultra-precision grinding technologies and the like, and becomes an important processing tool for various high-density, high-hardness and hard and brittle materials. Generally, the performance of metal bond diamond abrasive tools should meet the following requirements: (1) the diamond has higher holding force; (2) has an expansion coefficient close to that of diamond so as to reduce a gap between the two; (3) the heat damage to the diamond is small; (4) has good wettability to diamond.
The traditional metal bond diamond grinding tool is mostly prepared by a powder metallurgy method, the bond tissue is compact, the porosity is low, the self-sharpening performance of the grinding tool is poor in the grinding process, grinding chips are easy to block air holes or adhere to the surface of a diamond or a grinding tool base body, the grinding force is increased, the grinding temperature is increased, workpieces are burned, the grinding tool is difficult to trim and sharpen, and the application of the grinding tool is limited to a certain extent.
In view of the above, the present invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The first purpose of the invention is to provide a diamond grinding tool, which has high porosity and high grinding efficiency, and the composite coating of the diamond grinding tool is prepared by using a specific amount of transition metal oxide as a filling material, so that the porosity of the diamond grinding tool is improved, the thermal damage of diamond particles is reduced, the brazing activity of the diamond particles is improved, the linear expansion coefficient of cladding metal is reduced, the linear expansion coefficients of the cladding metal and the diamond particles are matched, and the diamond particles are prevented from generating cracks under the action of welding thermal stress.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide the preparation method of the diamond grinding tool, which is simple and efficient, has strong continuity and short period, and is beneficial to large-scale industrial popularization.
In order to achieve the above purpose of the present invention, the following technical solutions are adopted:
the diamond grinding tool comprises a base material and at least one composite coating attached to the surface of the base material;
the composite coating comprises 0.5 wt.% to 5.5 wt.% of diamond particles, 10 wt.% to 40 wt.% of a transition metal oxide, and a nickel-based alloy;
the porosity of the diamond grinding tool is 20-50%.
Optionally, the transition metal oxide is selected from at least one of oxides of group VB or group VIB elements.
Optionally, the transition metal oxide comprises niobium oxide and molybdenum oxide; the mass ratio of the niobium oxide to the molybdenum oxide is (5-15): (5-25).
In the invention, the composite coating is formed by the transition metal oxide (typically niobium oxide and molybdenum oxide) on the surface of the diamond particles and is adhered to the surface of the diamond, which is beneficial to reducing the heat damage of the diamond particles at high temperature and simultaneously can improve the wettability of the liquid nickel-based alloy to the diamond particles. Transition metals (niobium and molybdenum) generated by reducing transition metal oxides (molybdenum oxide and niobium oxide) by carbon in the machining process are dissolved in the cladding metal, so that the linear expansion coefficient of the cladding metal can be reduced, the linear expansion coefficients of the cladding metal and diamond particles are more matched, the welding thermal stress of the diamond particles is reduced, and the diamond particles are prevented from generating cracks under the action of the welding thermal stress.
In the invention, transition metal oxide (typically niobium oxide and molybdenum oxide) forms a film on the surface of the nickel-based alloy, can absorb the heat decomposition of high-power density laser beams in the laser cladding process, and reduces the burning loss of high vapor pressure elements on the surface of the nickel-based alloy powder; in the process of forming niobium oxide and molybdenum oxide, ammonium molybdate and ammonium niobium oxalate are decomposed to generate ammonia gas, so that the oxygen partial pressure of an argon atmosphere is reduced, the atmosphere protection effect in the laser cladding process is improved, and the porosity of the diamond grinding tool can be improved due to the generation of ammonia bubbles.
Optionally, the diamond particles have a particle size of 20 mesh to 600 mesh.
Optionally, the diamond particles have a particle size of 35 mesh to 500 mesh.
Optionally, the diamond particles have a particle size of 60 mesh to 200 mesh.
Optionally, the nickel-based alloy is selected from BNi73CrFeSiB(C)、BNi74CrFeSiB、BNi82CrSiBFe、BNi78CrSiBCoNb or BNi66At least one of MnSiCu.
Optionally, the nickel-based alloy is spherical or nearly spherical with a grain size of 42-325 mesh.
Optionally, the particle size of the nickel-based alloy is 60-270 mesh.
Optionally, the particle size of the nickel-based alloy is 70-150 mesh.
Optionally, the thickness of the composite coating is 5mm to 15 mm.
Optionally, the composite coating has a thickness of 10 mm.
Optionally, the material of the base material is selected from low carbon steel, medium carbon steel or alloy steel.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of making any of the diamond abrasive articles described above. The method comprises the following steps:
a1) cladding the nickel-based alloy subjected to surface activation treatment on the surface of the base material by adopting laser cladding to form a molten pool, and feeding the diamond particles subjected to surface activation treatment into the molten pool;
b1) and conveying the nickel-based alloy subjected to surface activation treatment to the surfaces of the diamond particles in the molten pool for laser cladding, and metallurgically bonding the nickel-based alloy and the diamond particles.
Optionally, repeating step b1) several times to obtain the diamond abrasive tool.
Optionally, the surface activation treatment of the diamond particles comprises:
a2) putting the diamond particle raw material into alkali liquor at the temperature of 80-90 ℃ for ultrasonic treatment, washing and drying, then putting into acid liquor for boiling treatment, washing and drying again;
b2) soaking the diamond particles treated in the step a2) in a solution containing transition metal ions at 60-70 ℃, and drying.
Optionally, in the step a2), the alkali solution is a sodium hydroxide solution with a concentration of 5gL to 10g/L, and the acid solution is a nitric acid solution with a concentration of 10 wt.% to 30 wt.%; the drying temperature is 60-80 ℃.
Optionally, in the step a2), the frequency of the ultrasonic treatment is 20kHz to 40kHz, and the time is 20min to 30 min; the boiling treatment time is 10 min-30 min.
Optionally, in step a2), the washing is to a pH of 7.
Alternatively, in step b2), the solution containing transition metal ions comprises an ammonium molybdate solution and an ammonium niobium oxalate solution.
Optionally, the concentration of the ammonium molybdate solution is 25 g/L-80 g/L, and the concentration of the ammonium niobium oxalate solution is 35 g/L-60 g/L; the soaking time is 30-40 min; the drying temperature is 60-80 ℃.
Optionally, the surface activation treatment of the nickel-based alloy comprises:
the nickel base alloy raw material is soaked in a solution containing transition metal ions at the temperature of 50-60 ℃ for 20-30 min and then dried.
Optionally, the solution containing transition metal ions comprises an ammonium molybdate solution and an ammonium niobium oxalate solution; the concentration of the ammonium molybdate solution is 25 g/L-80 g/L, and the concentration of the ammonium niobium oxalate solution is 35 g/L-60 g/L.
Optionally, the drying is performed by a rotary vacuum dryer, the rotary speed is 4r/min to 6r/min, and the vacuum degree is 103Pa～104Pa, and the drying temperature is 40-60 ℃.
Optionally, the laser power of the laser cladding is 1kW to 10kW, and the scanning speed is 10mm/s to 150 mm/s.
Optionally, the laser cladding is performed under an inert atmosphere.
Optionally, the shielding gas adopted by the laser cladding is argon, and the dew point is lower than-54 ℃.
As an embodiment of the present invention, a method for manufacturing the diamond abrasive tool includes:
(1) carrying out surface activation treatment on the diamond;
(2) putting the nickel-based alloy powder into ammonium molybdate and ammonium niobium oxalate solution to enable a salt film to be attached to the surface of the nickel-based alloy powder;
(3) placing the diamond particles attached with the salt film in the step (1) into a hopper of a feeder, and placing the nickel-based alloy powder treated in the step (2) into a powder hopper of a powder feeder;
(4) starting a laser cladding system, completely covering the periphery of a workpiece with argon gas, delivering nickel-based alloy powder to the surface of the workpiece through a coaxial nozzle by using a powder feeder in the step (3), irradiating the nickel-based alloy powder on the surface of the workpiece with coaxial focused laser beams generated by a laser to form a molten pool, starting a diamond particle feeder in the step (3), enabling diamond particles to fall into the molten pool, and synchronously moving the laser beams, the powder feeder and the feeder to finish a first layer of diamond abrasive particle cladding process;
(5) during return stroke, the powder feeder in the step (3) conveys nickel-based alloy powder to the surfaces of the diamond particles through a coaxial nozzle, a coaxial focused laser beam generated by a laser irradiates the nickel-based alloy powder on the surfaces of the diamond particles, the nickel-based alloy powder is melted to be metallurgically bonded with the diamond particles, and a first diamond reticular laser cladding layer is formed under the action of gravity;
(6) and (5) repeating the step (5) to obtain an N-th layer of laser cladding diamond abrasive particle layer, and thus obtaining the laser cladding diamond abrasive tool with N layers of diamond abrasive particles.
As one embodiment of the present invention, a surface activation treatment method of diamond includes:
a) putting diamond particles into a sodium hydroxide solution with the concentration of 5 g/L-10 g/L and the temperature of 80-90 ℃, ultrasonically vibrating for 20-40 kHz for 20-30 min, cleaning with deionized water until the pH value is 7, and drying at the temperature of 60-80 ℃;
b) putting the dried diamond particles into a nitric acid solution with the mass fraction of 10-30% to boil for 10-30 min, washing the diamond particles by deionized water until the pH value is 7, and drying the diamond particles at the temperature of 60-80 ℃;
c) soaking the dried diamond particles in a mixed solution of ammonium molybdate and ammonium niobium oxalate for 30-40 min, wherein the concentration of the ammonium molybdate solution is 25-80 g/L, the concentration of the ammonium niobium oxalate solution is 35-60 g/L, and the temperature of the mixed solution is 60-70 ℃;
d) and fishing out the diamond particles from the mixed solution, and drying at 60-80 ℃ to obtain the diamond particles with activated surfaces.
As an embodiment of the present invention, a surface activation treatment method of a nickel-based alloy includes:
a) putting the nickel-based alloy powder into a mixed solution of ammonium molybdate and ammonium niobium oxalate to be soaked for 20min to 30min, wherein the concentration of the ammonium molybdate solution is 5g/L to 20g/L, the concentration of the ammonium niobium oxalate solution is 5g/L to 25g/L, and the temperature of the mixed solution is 50 ℃ to 60 ℃;
b) taking out the nickel-based alloy powder from the mixed solution, putting the nickel-based alloy powder into a rotary vacuum drier for drying to obtain the nickel-based alloy powder with ammonium molybdate and ammonium niobium oxalate membranes attached to the surfaces, wherein the rotary speed is 4r/min to 6r/min, and the vacuum degree is 103Pa～104Pa, and the drying temperature is 40-60 ℃.
In the invention, the porosity is evaluated by the ratio of the volume occupied by the voids to the total volume of the composite coating composed of the nickel-based alloy and the diamond, and is measured by a drainage method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the diamond grinding tool provided by the invention has higher porosity and grinding efficiency, and has higher production efficiency in grinding application.
(2) According to the diamond grinding tool provided by the invention, the composite coating of the diamond grinding tool takes the transition metal oxide with a specific dosage as the filling material, so that the heat damage of diamond particles is reduced, the brazing activity of the diamond particles is improved, and meanwhile, the linear expansion coefficient of cladding metal is reduced, so that the linear expansion coefficients of the cladding metal and the diamond particles are matched, and the diamond particles are prevented from generating cracks under the action of welding thermal stress.
(3) The preparation method of the diamond grinding tool provided by the invention is simple and efficient, has strong continuity and short period, and is beneficial to large-scale industrial popularization.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron micrograph of a composite coating of a diamond abrasive article according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the following examples are only illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products commercially available.
Example 1
Activation treatment of diamond particles
Selecting 50-mesh diamond particles for surface treatment, and specifically comprising the following steps:
a) putting the diamond particles into 10g/L sodium hydroxide solution at 80 ℃ and carrying out ultrasonic vibration at 20kHz for 30min, cleaning with deionized water until the pH value is 7, and drying at 60 ℃;
b) putting the dried diamond particles into a nitric acid solution with the mass fraction of 20%, boiling for 10min, washing with deionized water until the pH value is 7, and drying at 60 ℃;
c) soaking the dried diamond particles in a mixed solution of ammonium molybdate and ammonium niobium oxalate for 30min, wherein the concentration of the ammonium molybdate solution is 40g/L, the concentration of the ammonium niobium oxalate solution is 60g/L, and the temperature of the mixed solution is 60 ℃;
d) and fishing out the diamond particles from the mixed solution, and drying at 60 ℃ to obtain the diamond particles with activated surfaces.
Surface activation treatment of nickel-based alloy
Select 60 mesh BNi74The method comprises the following steps of carrying out surface treatment on the CrFeSiB nickel-based alloy spherical powder:
a) soaking the nickel-based alloy powder in a mixed solution of ammonium molybdate and ammonium niobium oxalate for 30min, wherein the concentration of the ammonium molybdate solution is 20g/L, the concentration of the ammonium niobium oxalate solution is 5g/L, and the temperature of the mixed solution is 50 ℃;
b) taking out the nickel-based alloy powder from the mixed solution, and drying in a rotary vacuum drier to obtain the nickel-based alloy powder with ammonium molybdate and ammonium niobium oxalate film attached on the surface, wherein the rotary speed is 5r/min, the vacuum degree is 104Pa, and the drying temperature is 50 ℃.
Preparation of diamond abrasive tools
A Q235 carbon steel plate is selected as a base material to prepare the diamond grinding tool, and the specific method comprises the following steps:
(1) placing the diamond particles subjected to surface activation treatment in a feeder hopper, and placing the nickel-based alloy powder subjected to surface activation treatment in a powder feeder hopper;
(2) starting a laser cladding system, wherein the power of a laser is 2.0kW, and the scanning speed is 10 mm/s; completely covering the periphery of a Q235 carbon steel plate with the thickness of 10mm by adopting argon with the dew point lower than minus 54 ℃, conveying nickel-based alloy powder to the surface of a base material through a coaxial nozzle by using a powder feeder, and irradiating the nickel-based alloy powder on the surface of the base material by using coaxial focused laser beams generated by a laser to form a molten pool; starting a diamond particle feeder, enabling diamond particles to fall into a molten pool, and synchronously moving a laser beam, a powder feeder and the feeder to complete a first layer of diamond abrasive particle cladding process;
(3) during return stroke, the powder feeder feeds nickel-based alloy powder to the surfaces of the diamond particles through the coaxial nozzle, coaxial focused laser beams generated by the laser irradiate the nickel-based alloy powder on the surfaces of the diamond particles, the melted nickel-based alloy powder is metallurgically bonded with the diamond particles, and a first diamond reticular laser cladding layer is formed under the action of gravity;
(4) repeating the step (3) to obtain an N-th layer of laser cladding diamond abrasive particle layer, and preparing the laser cladding diamond abrasive tool with N layers of diamond abrasive particles; the thickness of the nickel-based alloy and diamond composite layer is 10mm, wherein the mass of the diamond particles accounts for 1.2% of the total mass of the coating.
EXAMPLE 2 preparation of Diamond abrasive tools
Activation treatment of diamond particles
The surface treatment was carried out by selecting 60 mesh diamond particles, and the specific procedure was the same as in example 1.
Surface activation treatment of nickel-based alloy
Select 60 mesh BNi74The surface treatment is carried out on the CrFeSiB nickel-based alloy spherical powder, and the specific steps are the same as those in the embodiment 1.
Preparation of diamond abrasive tools
A Q235 carbon steel plate is selected as a base material to prepare the diamond grinding tool, and the specific method comprises the following steps:
(1) placing the diamond particles subjected to surface activation treatment in a feeder hopper, and placing the nickel-based alloy powder subjected to surface activation treatment in a powder feeder hopper;
(2) starting a laser cladding system, wherein the power of a laser is 2.2kW, and the scanning speed is 10 mm/s; completely covering the periphery of a Q235 carbon steel plate with the thickness of 10mm by adopting argon with the dew point lower than minus 54 ℃, conveying nickel-based alloy powder to the surface of a base material through a coaxial nozzle by using a powder feeder, and irradiating the nickel-based alloy powder on the surface of the base material by using coaxial focused laser beams generated by a laser to form a molten pool; starting a diamond particle feeder, enabling diamond particles to fall into a molten pool, and synchronously moving a laser beam, a powder feeder and the feeder to complete a first layer of diamond abrasive particle cladding process;
(3) during return stroke, the powder feeder feeds nickel-based alloy powder to the surfaces of the diamond particles through the coaxial nozzle, coaxial focused laser beams generated by the laser irradiate the nickel-based alloy powder on the surfaces of the diamond particles, the melted nickel-based alloy powder is metallurgically bonded with the diamond particles, and a first diamond reticular laser cladding layer is formed under the action of gravity;
(4) repeating the step (3) to obtain an N-th layer of laser cladding diamond abrasive particle layer, and preparing the laser cladding diamond abrasive tool with N layers of diamond abrasive particles; the thickness of the nickel-based alloy and diamond composite layer is 10mm, wherein the mass of the diamond particles accounts for 1.5 percent of the total mass of the coating.
Example 3
Activation treatment of diamond particles
Selecting 70-mesh diamond particles for surface treatment, and specifically comprising the following steps:
a) putting the diamond particles into 10g/L sodium hydroxide solution at 80 ℃ and carrying out ultrasonic vibration at 20kHz for 30min, cleaning with deionized water until the pH value is 7, and drying at 60 ℃;
b) putting the dried diamond particles into a nitric acid solution with the mass fraction of 20%, boiling for 10min, washing with deionized water until the pH value is 7, and drying at 60 ℃;
c) soaking the dried diamond particles in a mixed solution of ammonium molybdate and ammonium niobium oxalate for 30min, wherein the concentration of the ammonium molybdate solution is 50g/L, the concentration of the ammonium niobium oxalate solution is 60g/L, and the temperature of the mixed solution is 60 ℃;
d) and fishing out the diamond particles from the mixed solution, and drying at 60 ℃ to obtain the diamond particles with activated surfaces.
Surface activation treatment of nickel-based alloy
Select 60 mesh BNi74The surface treatment of the CrFeSiB nickel-based alloy powder comprises the following specific steps:
a) soaking the nickel-based alloy powder in a mixed solution of ammonium molybdate and ammonium niobium oxalate for 30min, wherein the concentration of the ammonium molybdate solution is 20g/L, the concentration of the ammonium niobium oxalate solution is 15g/L, and the temperature of the mixed solution is 50 ℃;
b) taking out the nickel-based alloy powder from the mixed solution, and drying in a rotary vacuum drier to obtain the nickel-based alloy powder with ammonium molybdate and ammonium niobium oxalate film attached on the surface, wherein the rotary speed is 5r/min, the vacuum degree is 104Pa, and the drying temperature is 50 ℃.
Preparation of diamond abrasive tools
A Q235 carbon steel plate is selected as a base material to prepare the diamond grinding tool, and the specific method comprises the following steps:
(1) placing the diamond particles subjected to surface activation treatment in a feeder hopper, and placing the nickel-based alloy powder subjected to surface activation treatment in a powder feeder hopper;
(2) starting a laser cladding system, wherein the power of a laser is 2.4kW, and the scanning speed is 10 mm/s; completely covering the periphery of a Q235 carbon steel plate with the thickness of 10mm by adopting argon with the dew point lower than minus 54 ℃, conveying nickel-based alloy powder to the surface of a base material through a coaxial nozzle by using a powder feeder, and irradiating the nickel-based alloy powder on the surface of the base material by using coaxial focused laser beams generated by a laser to form a molten pool; starting a diamond particle feeder, enabling diamond particles to fall into a molten pool, and synchronously moving a laser beam, a powder feeder and the feeder to complete a first layer of diamond abrasive particle cladding process;
(3) during return stroke, the powder feeder feeds nickel-based alloy powder to the surfaces of the diamond particles through the coaxial nozzle, coaxial focused laser beams generated by the laser irradiate the nickel-based alloy powder on the surfaces of the diamond particles, the melted nickel-based alloy powder is metallurgically bonded with the diamond particles, and a first diamond reticular laser cladding layer is formed under the action of gravity;
(4) repeating the step (3) to obtain an N-th layer of laser cladding diamond abrasive particle layer, and preparing the laser cladding diamond abrasive tool with N layers of diamond abrasive particles; the thickness of the nickel-based alloy and diamond composite layer is 10mm, wherein the mass of the diamond particles accounts for 1.8% of the total mass of the coating.
Example 4
Activation site of diamond particlesTheory of things
The surface treatment was carried out by selecting 80 mesh diamond particles, and the specific procedure was the same as in example 3.
Surface activation treatment of nickel-based alloy
Select 60 mesh BNi74The surface treatment of the CrFeSiB nickel-based alloy powder was carried out in the same manner as in example 3.
Preparation of diamond abrasive tools
A Q235 carbon steel plate is selected as a base material to prepare the diamond grinding tool, and the specific method comprises the following steps:
(1) placing the diamond particles subjected to surface activation treatment in a feeder hopper, and placing the nickel-based alloy powder subjected to surface activation treatment in a powder feeder hopper;
(2) starting a laser cladding system, wherein the power of a laser is 2.4kW, and the scanning speed is 10 mm/s; completely covering the periphery of a Q235 carbon steel plate with the thickness of 10mm by adopting argon with the dew point lower than minus 54 ℃, conveying nickel-based alloy powder to the surface of a base material through a coaxial nozzle by using a powder feeder, and irradiating the nickel-based alloy powder on the surface of the base material by using coaxial focused laser beams generated by a laser to form a molten pool; starting a diamond particle feeder, enabling diamond particles to fall into a molten pool, and synchronously moving a laser beam, a powder feeder and the feeder to complete a first layer of diamond abrasive particle cladding process;
(3) during return stroke, the powder feeder feeds nickel-based alloy powder to the surfaces of the diamond particles through the coaxial nozzle, coaxial focused laser beams generated by the laser irradiate the nickel-based alloy powder on the surfaces of the diamond particles, the melted nickel-based alloy powder is metallurgically bonded with the diamond particles, and a first diamond reticular laser cladding layer is formed under the action of gravity;
(4) repeating the step (3) to obtain an N-th layer of laser cladding diamond abrasive particle layer, and preparing the laser cladding diamond abrasive tool with N layers of diamond abrasive particles; the thickness of the nickel-based alloy and diamond composite layer is 10mm, wherein the mass of the diamond particles accounts for 2.0% of the total mass of the coating.
Example 5
Activation treatment of diamond particles
Diamond particles of 70 mesh were selected for surface treatment, and the specific procedure was the same as in example 3.
Surface activation treatment of nickel-based alloy
Select 60 mesh BNi74The surface treatment of the CrFeSiB nickel-based alloy powder was carried out in the same manner as in example 3.
Preparation of diamond abrasive tools
A Q235 carbon steel plate is selected as a base material to prepare the diamond grinding tool, and the specific method comprises the following steps:
(1) placing the diamond particles subjected to surface activation treatment in a feeder hopper, and placing the nickel-based alloy powder subjected to surface activation treatment in a powder feeder hopper;
(2) starting a laser cladding system, wherein the power of a laser is 2.6kW, and the scanning speed is 10 mm/s; completely covering the periphery of a Q235 carbon steel plate with the thickness of 10mm by adopting argon with the dew point lower than minus 54 ℃, conveying nickel-based alloy powder to the surface of a base material through a coaxial nozzle by using a powder feeder, and irradiating the nickel-based alloy powder on the surface of the base material by using coaxial focused laser beams generated by a laser to form a molten pool; starting a diamond particle feeder, enabling diamond particles to fall into a molten pool, and synchronously moving a laser beam, a powder feeder and the feeder to complete a first layer of diamond abrasive particle cladding process;
(3) during return stroke, the powder feeder feeds nickel-based alloy powder to the surfaces of the diamond particles through the coaxial nozzle, coaxial focused laser beams generated by the laser irradiate the nickel-based alloy powder on the surfaces of the diamond particles, the melted nickel-based alloy powder is metallurgically bonded with the diamond particles, and a first diamond reticular laser cladding layer is formed under the action of gravity;
(4) repeating the step (3) to obtain an N-th layer of laser cladding diamond abrasive particle layer, and preparing the laser cladding diamond abrasive tool with N layers of diamond abrasive particles; the thickness of the nickel-based alloy and diamond composite layer is 10mm, wherein the mass of the diamond particles accounts for 2.4% of the total mass of the coating.
Comparative examples 1 to 5
As comparative examples 1 to 5, the diamond powder with the same proportion and the same granularity as those in examples 1 to 5, the nickel-based alloy powder with the same components and the same dosage are uniformly mixed, the nickel-based alloy and the diamond composite layer are sintered in an argon protection hot-pressing sintering furnace with the same dew point, the sintering temperature is 1050 ℃, the sintering time is 25min, the nickel-based alloy and the diamond composite layer are attached to the surface of a Q235 steel plate sample with the thickness of 10mm, and the thickness of the coating is 10 mm.
Experimental example 1 characterization of surface morphology
The surface topography of the diamond abrasive tool was characterized by a phenomx type Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and the results are shown in fig. 1. As can be seen from fig. 1, the composite coating on the surface of the diamond grinding tool has no cracks, and the diamond particles are embedded in the cladding metal, so that the cladding metal has good wettability to the diamond particles.
Experimental example 2 evaluation of porosity
The porosity index is measured by a drainage method by adopting the ratio of the volume occupied by the voids to the total volume of the composite layer consisting of the nickel-based alloy and the diamond. Each of the examples and comparative examples was subjected to 5 sets of tests, and the average and standard deviation were obtained, respectively, and the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 evaluation results of porosity
| Examples test specimens | Porosity (mean. + -. standard deviation) | Comparative example sample | Porosity (mean. + -. standard deviation) |
| Example 1 | 32.1±1.3 | Comparative example 1 | 5.7±1.1 |
| Example 2 | 38.9±3.7 | Comparative example 2 | 6.5±2.4 |
| Example 3 | 33.5±4.6 | Comparative example 3 | 5.6±2.3 |
| Example 4 | 41.8±2.7 | Comparative example 4 | 6.9±3.1 |
| Example 5 | 30.3±5.2 | Comparative example 5 | 6.7±2.8 |
As can be seen from the porosity measurement results in Table 1, the porosity of the diamond wear-resistant block of the diamond grinding tool prepared by the preparation method provided by the invention is significantly higher than that of the diamond coating sample prepared by the traditional brazing method in the comparative example, and the production efficiency is greatly improved compared with that of the traditional diamond grinding tool preparation method.
Experimental example 3 evaluation of abrasion index
Abrasion test conditions:
the test load is 20N, the abrasive is 120-type brown corundum, the rotating speed of the rubber wheel is 100r/min, the feeding speed is 0.5mm/s, and the abrasion time is 1 min; the abrasion of the rubber wheel is represented by weight loss, 5 groups of tests are respectively carried out on each example and comparative example, the average value and the standard deviation are respectively taken, and the test results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 wear index evaluation
As can be seen from the results of the abrasion tests in Table 2, the diamond abrasive tool prepared by the preparation method provided by the invention has the advantage that the grinding efficiency of the diamond wear-resistant block is remarkably higher than that of a diamond coating sample prepared by a traditional braze coating method in a comparative example, and the grinding performance is excellent.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The diamond grinding tool is characterized by comprising a base material and at least one composite coating attached to the surface of the base material;
the composite coating comprises 0.5 wt.% to 5.5 wt.% of diamond particles, 10 wt.% to 40 wt.% of a transition metal oxide, and a nickel-based alloy;
the porosity of the diamond grinding tool is 20-50%.
2. The diamond abrasive tool of claim 1, wherein the transition metal oxide is selected from at least one of oxides of group VB or group VIB elements;
preferably, the transition metal oxide includes niobium oxide and molybdenum oxide; the mass ratio of the niobium oxide to the molybdenum oxide is (5-15): (5-25).
3. The diamond abrasive tool according to claim 1, wherein the diamond particles have a particle size of 20 to 600 mesh;
preferably, said nickel-based alloy is selected from BNi73CrFeSiB(C)、BNi74CrFeSiB、BNi82CrSiBFe、BNi78CrSiBCoNb or BNi66At least one of MnSiCu;
further preferably, the nickel-based alloy is spherical or nearly spherical with the grain size of 42 meshes to 325 meshes.
4. The diamond abrasive tool according to claim 1, wherein the composite coating has a thickness of 5mm to 15mm, preferably 10 mm;
preferably, the material of the base material is selected from low carbon steel, medium carbon steel or alloy steel.
5. The method of making a diamond abrasive tool according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the method comprises:
a1) cladding the nickel-based alloy subjected to surface activation treatment on the surface of the base material by adopting laser cladding to form a molten pool, and feeding the diamond particles subjected to surface activation treatment into the molten pool;
b1) conveying the nickel-based alloy subjected to surface activation treatment to the surfaces of the diamond particles in the molten pool for laser cladding, and performing metallurgical bonding with the diamond particles;
optionally, repeating step b1) several times to obtain the diamond abrasive tool.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the surface activation treatment of the diamond particles comprises:
a2) putting the diamond particle raw material into alkali liquor at the temperature of 80-90 ℃ for ultrasonic treatment, washing and drying, then putting into acid liquor for boiling treatment, washing and drying again;
b2) soaking the diamond particles treated in the step a2) in a solution containing transition metal ions at 60-70 ℃, and drying.
7. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein in the step a2), the alkali solution is sodium hydroxide solution with concentration of 5 gL-10 g/L, and the acid solution is nitric acid solution with concentration of 10 wt.% to 30 wt.%; the drying temperature is 60-80 ℃;
preferably, in the step a2), the frequency of the ultrasonic treatment is 20 kHz-40 kHz, and the time is 20 min-30 min; the boiling treatment time is 10 min-30 min.
8. The method according to claim 6 or 7, wherein in step b2), the solution containing transition metal ions comprises an ammonium molybdate solution and an ammonium niobium oxalate solution;
the concentration of the ammonium molybdate solution is 25 g/L-80 g/L, and the concentration of the ammonium niobium oxalate solution is 35 g/L-60 g/L; the soaking time is 30-40 min;
the drying temperature is 60-80 ℃.
9. The method of claim 5, wherein the surface activation treatment of the nickel-based alloy comprises:
putting the nickel-based alloy raw material into a solution containing transition metal ions at 50-60 ℃ to be soaked for 20-30 min, and then drying;
preferably, the solution containing transition metal ions comprises an ammonium molybdate solution and an ammonium niobium oxalate solution; the concentration of the ammonium molybdate solution is 25 g/L-80 g/L, and the concentration of the ammonium niobium oxalate solution is 35 g/L-60 g/L;
preferably, the drying is carried out by adopting a rotary vacuum drier, the rotary speed is 4r/min to 6r/min, and the vacuum degree is 103Pa～104Pa, and the drying temperature is 40-60 ℃.
10. The method of claim 5, wherein the laser power of the laser cladding is 1kW to 10kW, and the scanning speed is 10mm/s to 150 mm/s;
preferably, the laser cladding is performed under an inert atmosphere;
further preferably, the shielding gas adopted by the laser cladding is argon, and the dew point is lower than-54 ℃.
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| ZA2020/02879A ZA202002879B (en) | 2019-12-23 | 2020-05-18 | Diamond grinding tool and manufacturing method therefor |
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