CN110940920B - Method for acquiring maximum charging current of lithium battery without lithium precipitation under preset SOC (state of charge) - Google Patents
Method for acquiring maximum charging current of lithium battery without lithium precipitation under preset SOC (state of charge) Download PDFInfo
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- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/389—Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables
Abstract
The invention provides a method for acquiring the maximum charging current without lithium separation of a lithium battery under a preset SOC (state of charge), which is characterized in that an equivalent circuit model is established by arranging a reference electrode on the lithium battery, and then the maximum charging current without lithium separation of the lithium battery under the preset SOC is finally acquired by inputting the current between the positive pole and the negative pole of the lithium battery and the potential of the negative pole into the equivalent circuit model.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium batteries, and particularly relates to a method for acquiring a maximum charging current of a lithium battery under a preset SOC without lithium precipitation.
Background
When a lithium ion battery is charged, Li + is extracted from the positive electrode, and these Li + are diffused in the electrolyte to the surface of the negative electrode and are inserted into the negative electrode material. Taking the graphite cathode as an example, when the potential of the cathode drops below a certain potential, a lithium intercalation process occurs; as charging continues, the potential of the negative electrode drops below 0V, and a lithium deposition side reaction occurs, which occurs simultaneously with the lithium intercalation reaction of the negative electrode. During the daily use of the battery, some poor use methods can cause lithium precipitation of the battery. The overcharge can lead the state of lithium inserted into the negative electrode to be supersaturated, and lithium ions can be reduced into metal lithium on the surface of the negative electrode; the large rate and low temperature charging may make lithium ions have less time to diffuse and intercalate into the negative electrode material, causing lithium to deposit. Therefore, the lithium deposition is closely related to the negative electrode potential.
The battery models that have been more involved in such studies in the past can be generally classified into two categories. The first type is an electrochemical mechanism model for representing the response of the battery by describing the internal reaction of the battery and the coupling relation thereof, and is mainly represented by a P2D model. The second is to model the dynamic processes within the cell, on a more microscopic scale, from molecular or atomic points of view. Although the accuracy of the two types of models is high, the calculation is complex, and the maximum charging current of the relevant lithium battery without lithium precipitation is difficult to obtain by applying the models to a BMS system with extremely limited resources.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a method for obtaining a maximum charging current without lithium separation for a lithium battery, which is simple in calculation and requires few resources.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for acquiring the maximum charging current of a lithium battery without lithium separation under a preset SOC, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1: arranging a reference electrode on the lithium battery, taking the lithium battery as a sample lithium battery, and taking the reference electrode to the negative electrode of the sample lithium battery as a negative electrode section of the sample lithium battery;
step S2: obtaining a plurality of positive and negative pole currents and a negative pole section potential difference at preset time intervals of a sample lithium battery under at least one preset SOC (state of charge) through a preset test, and taking the potential difference of the negative pole section as a negative pole potential, wherein the negative pole potential is more than 0V;
step S3: establishing a circuit model equivalent to the circuit of the negative pole section as an equivalent circuit model, wherein the equivalent circuit model has equivalent ohmic internal resistance and equivalent polarization internal resistance;
step S4: inputting the current between the positive pole and the negative pole potential into the equivalent circuit model to obtain the terminal voltage of the equivalent circuit model as the equivalent terminal voltage;
step S5: obtaining an equivalent total internal resistance according to the equivalent ohmic internal resistance and the equivalent polarization internal resistance;
step S6: and obtaining the maximum charging current without lithium precipitation of the sample lithium battery under the preset SOC according to the equivalent terminal voltage and the equivalent total internal resistance.
The method for acquiring the maximum charging current without lithium separation of the lithium battery under the preset SOC provided by the invention also has the following characteristics: in step S2, the predetermined test is a hybrid impulse capability characteristic test or a new european cycle test.
The method for acquiring the maximum charging current without lithium separation of the lithium battery under the preset SOC provided by the invention also has the following characteristics: in step S2, the number of the predetermined SOCs of the sample lithium battery is 5, which are 0.2SOC, 0.4SOC, 0.6SOC, 0.8SOC, and 1SOC, respectively.
The method for acquiring the maximum charging current without lithium separation of the lithium battery under the preset SOC provided by the invention also has the following characteristics: wherein, step S4 includes the following substeps:
step S4-1: inputting corresponding negative electrode potentials and currents between a positive electrode and a negative electrode of the lithium battery under 5 kinds of preset SOC into an equivalent circuit model, and obtaining corresponding 5 kinds of negative electrode OCV, equivalent ohmic internal resistance and equivalent polarization internal resistance based on a preset optimization algorithm;
step S4-2: obtaining an SOC-OCV curve according to the 5 kinds of negative pole OCVs, obtaining an SOC-ohm internal resistance curve according to the 5 kinds of equivalent ohm internal resistances, and obtaining an SOC-polarization internal resistance curve according to the 5 kinds of equivalent polarization internal resistances;
step S4-3: obtaining a negative electrode OCV, an equivalent ohmic internal resistance and an equivalent polarization internal resistance corresponding to any SOC by utilizing an interpolation method based on the SOC-OCV curve, the SOC-ohmic internal resistance curve and the SOC-polarization internal resistance curve;
step S4-4: and obtaining an equivalent terminal voltage according to the negative OCV, the equivalent ohmic internal resistance and the equivalent polarization internal resistance.
The method for acquiring the maximum charging current without lithium separation of the lithium battery under the preset SOC provided by the invention also has the following characteristics: wherein, in step S4-1, the predetermined optimization algorithm is a particle swarm algorithm or a genetic algorithm.
The method for acquiring the maximum charging current without lithium separation of the lithium battery under the preset SOC provided by the invention also has the following characteristics: in step S4-2, the SOC-ohmic internal resistance curve includes a charging SOC-ohmic internal resistance curve and a discharging SOC-ohmic internal resistance curve.
The method for acquiring the maximum charging current without lithium separation of the lithium battery under the preset SOC provided by the invention also has the following characteristics: wherein the equivalent circuit model further comprises an equivalent capacitor connected in parallel with the equivalent polarization internal resistance,
in step S4-4, the equivalent terminal voltage UeIs represented by formula (1):
Ue＝OCV--Uohm-U1 (1)
OCV-is a negative electrode OCV, Uohm＝I*R0I is the current between the positive and negative electrodes, R0In order to have an equivalent ohmic internal resistance,
U1by passing
Obtained iteratively, tao1 ═ R11*C11，R11To equivalent polarization internal resistance, C11Δ t (j) is a predetermined time, I (j) is a current between the positive and negative electrodes, U1(j) Terminal voltage, U, for current equivalent polarization internal resistance1(j-1) is the last U obtained1(j)。
The method for acquiring the maximum charging current without lithium separation of the lithium battery under the preset SOC provided by the invention also has the following characteristics: in step S4-3, the equivalent ohmic internal resistance is within a first predetermined range, and the equivalent polarization internal resistance is within a second predetermined range.
The method for acquiring the maximum charging current without lithium separation of the lithium battery under the preset SOC provided by the invention also has the following characteristics: wherein the first predetermined range is 0 to R1s，
R1sIs represented by formula (2):
ΔU1for the change in the negative electrode potential within 1 second during charging in a predetermined test, Δ I1For the amount of change in the inter-positive-negative current within 1 second during charging in a predetermined test,
second predetermined range 0 to R2s，
R2sIs represented by formula (3):
ΔU2Δ I is the amount of change in the negative electrode potential within 10 seconds during charging in a predetermined test2The change amount of the current between the positive electrode and the negative electrode within 10 seconds during the charging process was a predetermined test.
Action and Effect of the invention
According to the method for acquiring the maximum charging current without lithium separation of the lithium battery under the preset SOC, which is disclosed by the invention, the reference electrode is arranged on the lithium battery to establish the equivalent circuit model, and then the current between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the lithium battery and the potential of the negative electrode are input into the equivalent circuit model to finally acquire the maximum charging current without lithium separation of the lithium battery under the preset SOC, so that the method for acquiring the maximum charging current without lithium separation of the lithium battery under the preset SOC is less in input resource and simple in calculation.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic step diagram of a method for obtaining a maximum charging current without lithium deposition for a lithium battery at a predetermined SOC in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent circuit model in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a SOC-OCV curve in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a comparative SOC-cathode potential-anode-cathode current curve in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a discharge SOC-ohmic internal resistance curve in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a charging SOC-ohmic internal resistance curve in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a SOC-polarization internal resistance curve in an embodiment of the present invention; and
fig. 8 is an SOC-internal resistance curve in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation features, the achievement objects and the effects of the present invention easy to understand, the following embodiments specifically describe the method for obtaining the maximum charging current without lithium precipitation of the lithium battery under the predetermined SOC in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic step diagram of a method for acquiring a maximum charging current without lithium precipitation of a lithium battery at a predetermined SOC in an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the method S100 for obtaining the maximum charging current without lithium separation of the lithium battery under the predetermined SOC in the present embodiment obtains the maximum charging current without lithium separation of the lithium battery under the predetermined SOC according to the principle that lithium separation of the lithium battery does not occur when the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery is greater than 0V, and includes the following steps:
step S1: and arranging a reference electrode on the lithium battery, taking the lithium battery as a sample lithium battery, and taking the negative electrode from the reference electrode to the sample lithium battery as a negative electrode section of the sample lithium battery.
Step S2: the method comprises the steps of obtaining a plurality of positive and negative pole currents and a negative pole section potential difference at preset time intervals of a sample lithium battery under at least one preset SOC (state of charge) through a preset test, and taking the negative pole section potential difference as a negative pole potential, wherein the negative pole potential is larger than 0V. The predetermined test is an HPPC (hybrid impulse capability characteristic) test or a NEDC (new european cycle) test. The charging mode in the predetermined test adopts pulse charging, and the number of the predetermined SOC of the sample lithium battery is 5, namely 0.2SOC, 0.4SOC, 0.6SOC, 0.8SOC and 1 SOC.
In this embodiment, the predetermined test is preferably an HPPC test, and in the process of performing the test, not only the current and the voltage between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the sample lithium battery are measured at intervals in a predetermined time, but also the potential difference between the reference electrode and the negative electrode of the sample lithium battery is measured and is used as the negative electrode potential of the sample lithium battery; and after the test is finished, recording the current, the voltage and the negative electrode potential between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the obtained multiple sample lithium batteries.
Step S3: and establishing a circuit model equivalent to the circuit of the negative pole section as an equivalent circuit model, wherein the equivalent circuit model has equivalent ohmic internal resistance and equivalent polarization internal resistance.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent circuit model in an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 2, in the present embodiment, the equivalent circuit model is built by MATLAB, and includes an open-circuit voltage OCV and equivalent ohmic internal resistances R connected in series with each other0And equivalent polarization internal resistance R11The equivalent circuit model also includes equivalent polarization internal resistance R11Equivalent capacitors C connected in parallel11。
Step S4: inputting the current between the positive pole and the negative pole and the potential of the negative pole into an equivalent circuit model to obtain the terminal voltage of the equivalent circuit model as the equivalent terminal voltage, and comprising the following substeps:
step S4-1: inputting corresponding negative electrode potentials and currents between a positive electrode and a negative electrode of the lithium battery under 5 kinds of preset SOC into an equivalent circuit model, and obtaining corresponding 5 kinds of negative electrode OCV, equivalent ohmic internal resistance and equivalent polarization internal resistance based on a preset optimization algorithm; the predetermined optimization algorithm is a particle swarm algorithm or a genetic algorithm.
In the present embodiment, the equivalent circuit model is subjected to parameter identification, and the current between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, the negative electrode potential, and the time data are introduced into a predetermined optimization algorithm, and the predetermined optimization algorithm is preferably a particle swarm optimization algorithm.
Step S4-2: and obtaining an SOC-OCV curve according to the 5 kinds of negative electrode OCVs, obtaining an SOC-ohmic internal resistance curve according to the 5 kinds of equivalent ohmic internal resistances, and obtaining an SOC-polarized internal resistance curve according to the 5 kinds of equivalent polarized internal resistances, wherein the SOC-ohmic internal resistance curve comprises a charging SOC-ohmic internal resistance curve and a discharging SOC-ohmic internal resistance curve.
Fig. 3 is an SOC-OCV curve in the embodiment of the invention.
As shown in fig. 3, an SOC-OCV curve representing the relationship between the negative OCV _ and the SOC is obtained by calculation using a predetermined optimization algorithm.
FIG. 4 is a comparative SOC-cathode potential-anode-cathode current curve in an embodiment of the present invention;
as shown in fig. 4, the negative electrode potential and the positive-negative electrode current corresponding to the SOC calculated by the predetermined optimization algorithm are included in the same graph and compared, where a curve a represents the SOC, a curve B represents the positive-negative electrode current, and a curve C represents the negative electrode potential. The ordinate on the left represents current (amperes), the ordinate on the right represents voltage (volts), and the abscissa represents time (. + -. 10)4Seconds).
FIG. 5 is a discharge SOC-ohmic internal resistance curve in an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 6 is a charging SOC-ohmic internal resistance curve in an embodiment of the invention; FIG. 7 is a SOC-polarization internal resistance curve in an embodiment of the present invention; and FIG. 8 is an SOC-internal resistance curve in an embodiment of the invention.
As shown in fig. 5 to 8, a plurality of pieces of data are extracted from the data shown in fig. 4, input to the equivalent circuit model, and the discharge SOC-ohmic internal resistance curve of the sample lithium battery in the discharge state, the charge SOC-ohmic internal resistance curve of the sample lithium battery in the charge state, the SOC-polarization internal resistance curve, and the SOC-internal resistance curve are obtained by using a predetermined optimization algorithm.
Step S4-3: obtaining a negative electrode OCV, an equivalent ohmic internal resistance and an equivalent polarization internal resistance corresponding to any SOC by utilizing an interpolation method based on the SOC-OCV curve, the SOC-ohmic internal resistance curve and the SOC-polarization internal resistance curve; the equivalent ohmic internal resistance is in a first predetermined range, the equivalent polarization internal resistance is in a second predetermined range, and the first predetermined range is 0-R1s，
R1sIs represented by formula (2):
ΔU1for the change in the negative electrode potential within 1 second during charging in a predetermined test, Δ I1For the amount of change in the inter-positive-negative current within 1 second during charging in a predetermined test,
second predetermined range 0 toR2s，
R2sIs represented by formula (3):
ΔU2Δ I is the amount of change in the negative electrode potential within 10 seconds during charging in a predetermined test2The change amount of the current between the positive electrode and the negative electrode within 10 seconds during the charging process was a predetermined test.
In the present embodiment, Δ U1Is the difference, Δ I, between the terminal voltage of the sample lithium cell 1 second before the charging pulse and the terminal voltage of the sample lithium cell 1 second after the charging pulse1The difference between the current between the positive and negative electrodes of the sample lithium battery 1 second before the charge pulse and the current between the positive and negative electrodes of the sample lithium battery 1 second after the charge pulse. Delta U2Is the difference, Δ I, between the terminal voltage of the sample lithium cell 10 seconds before the charging pulse and the terminal voltage of the sample lithium cell 10 seconds after the charging pulse2The difference between the current between the positive and negative electrodes of the sample lithium battery 10 seconds before the charge pulse and the current between the positive and negative electrodes of the sample lithium battery 10 seconds after the charge pulse.
Step S4-4: obtaining an equivalent terminal voltage and an equivalent terminal voltage U according to the negative OCV, the equivalent ohmic internal resistance and the equivalent polarized internal resistanceeIs represented by formula (1):
Ue＝OCV--Uohm-U1 (1)
OCV-is negative pole OCV, Uohm＝I*R0I is the current between the positive and negative electrodes, R0In order to have an equivalent ohmic internal resistance,
U1by passing
Obtained iteratively, tao1 ═ R11*C11，R11To equivalent polarization internal resistance, C11Δ t (j) is a predetermined time, I (j) is a current between the positive and negative electrodes, U1(j) Terminal voltage, U, for current equivalent polarization internal resistance1(j-1) is obtained last timeU1(j)。
Specifically, at a predetermined SOC, at the beginning of a predetermined test, the terminal voltage U at which the internal resistance of polarization is measured1(0) In the process of a preset test, the current between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the sample lithium battery is measured for multiple times by taking preset time as a measurement interval, and N different current currents between the positive electrode and the negative electrode are obtained in sequence, wherein N is the current value>5, by
For the current equivalent polarization internal resistance R11And an equivalent capacitance C11Terminal voltage U of the formed parallel circuit1(j) Continuously updating until obtaining the Nth terminal voltage U1(j) As U1Calculating to obtain the corresponding equivalent terminal voltage U under the preset SOCe。
Step S5: and obtaining the equivalent total internal resistance according to the equivalent ohmic internal resistance and the equivalent polarization internal resistance.
Step S6: and obtaining the maximum charging current without lithium precipitation of the sample lithium battery under the preset SOC according to the equivalent terminal voltage and the equivalent total internal resistance.
In the embodiment, the maximum charging current without lithium separation of the sample lithium battery is obtained according to different SOCs, and a maximum charging current-SOC curve is established, so that the current for quick charging can be limited by using the curve, and the charging current is ensured not to be higher than the curve, so that quick charging can be realized, the lithium separation of a negative electrode can also be ensured, the safety of the battery is ensured, and the charging time is reduced.
The current calculation method can also be used for reverse judgment, if a certain value of current is input to charge the battery, the negative electrode potential will gradually decrease during battery charging according to the characteristics of the lithium ion battery, but the negative electrode potential cannot be lower than 0V. When the current is too large, the potential of the negative electrode may be lower than 0V, and lithium deposition may occur. The maximum charging current of the sample lithium battery obtained in step S6 without lithium precipitation under the predetermined SOC can be used as the limit safety current ISDue to ISThe equivalent terminal voltage in the equivalent circuit model is the above-mentioned negative electrode potential, and the equivalent total internal resistance in the equivalent circuit model is the above-mentioned total internal resistance of the negative electrode section, so that under the predetermined SOC, the current to be charged for the lithium battery is input, and the potential to be generated by the negative electrode can be predicted, and thus, it can be determined whether the charging can be performed under the charging current.
Based on a large number of experimental verifications, the method for obtaining the maximum charging current without lithium separation of the lithium battery under the preset SOC is beneficial to reducing the occurrence of lithium separation of the lithium battery cathode and improving the safety of quick charging of the lithium battery when being applied to practice.
Effects and effects of the embodiments
According to the method for obtaining the maximum charging current without lithium separation of the lithium battery under the predetermined SOC according to the present embodiment, the reference electrode is provided on the lithium battery to establish the equivalent circuit model, and then the current between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the lithium battery and the negative electrode potential are input into the equivalent circuit model to finally obtain the maximum charging current without lithium separation of the lithium battery under the predetermined SOC.
The above-described embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and changes can be made by those skilled in the art without inventive work within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. The method for obtaining the maximum charging current without lithium separation of the lithium battery under the preset SOC is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step S1: arranging a reference electrode on a lithium battery, taking the lithium battery as a sample lithium battery, and taking the reference electrode to the negative electrode of the sample lithium battery as a negative electrode section of the sample lithium battery;
step S2: obtaining a plurality of positive and negative pole currents at preset time intervals and a potential difference of the negative pole section of the sample lithium battery under at least one preset SOC through a preset test, and taking the potential difference of the negative pole section as a negative pole potential, wherein the negative pole potential is more than 0V;
step S3: establishing a circuit model equivalent to the circuit of the negative pole section as an equivalent circuit model, wherein the equivalent circuit model has equivalent ohmic internal resistance and equivalent polarization internal resistance;
step S4: inputting the current between the positive pole and the negative pole potential into the equivalent circuit model to obtain a terminal voltage of the equivalent circuit model as an equivalent terminal voltage;
step S5: obtaining an equivalent total internal resistance according to the equivalent ohmic internal resistance and the equivalent polarization internal resistance;
step S6: and obtaining the maximum charging current without lithium separation of the sample lithium battery under the preset SOC according to the equivalent terminal voltage and the equivalent total internal resistance.
2. The method for obtaining the maximum charging current without lithium deposition for a lithium battery at a predetermined SOC according to claim 1, wherein:
wherein, in step S2, the predetermined test is a hybrid impulse capability characteristic test or a new european cycle test.
3. The method for obtaining the maximum charging current without lithium deposition for a lithium battery at a predetermined SOC according to claim 1, wherein:
wherein, in step S2, the predetermined SOCs of the sample lithium battery are 5, respectively 0.2SOC, 0.4SOC, 0.6SOC, 0.8SOC and 1 SOC.
4. The method for obtaining the maximum charging current without lithium deposition for a lithium battery at a predetermined SOC according to claim 3, wherein:
wherein, step S4 includes the following substeps:
step S4-1: inputting the corresponding negative electrode potential and the corresponding current between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the lithium battery under 5 kinds of preset SOC into the equivalent circuit model, and obtaining corresponding 5 kinds of negative electrode OCV, equivalent ohmic internal resistance and equivalent polarization internal resistance based on a preset optimization algorithm;
step S4-2: obtaining an SOC-OCV curve according to the 5 kinds of negative pole OCVs, obtaining an SOC-ohm internal resistance curve according to the 5 kinds of equivalent ohm internal resistances, and obtaining an SOC-polarization internal resistance curve according to the 5 kinds of equivalent polarization internal resistances;
step S4-3: obtaining the negative electrode OCV, the equivalent ohmic internal resistance and the equivalent polarization internal resistance corresponding to any SOC by utilizing an interpolation method based on the SOC-OCV curve, the SOC-ohmic internal resistance curve and the SOC-polarization internal resistance curve;
step S4-4: and obtaining the equivalent terminal voltage according to the negative OCV, the equivalent ohmic internal resistance and the equivalent polarization internal resistance.
5. The method for obtaining the maximum charging current without lithium deposition for a lithium battery at a predetermined SOC according to claim 4, wherein:
wherein, in step S4-1, the predetermined optimization algorithm is a particle swarm algorithm or a genetic algorithm.
6. The method for obtaining the maximum charging current without lithium deposition for a lithium battery at a predetermined SOC according to claim 4, wherein:
wherein, in step S4-2, the SOC-ohm internal resistance curve includes a charging SOC-ohm internal resistance curve and a discharging SOC-ohm internal resistance curve.
7. The method for obtaining the maximum charging current without lithium deposition for a lithium battery at a predetermined SOC according to claim 4, wherein:
wherein the equivalent circuit model further comprises an equivalent capacitor connected in parallel with the equivalent polarization internal resistance,
in step S4-4, the equivalent terminal is electrically connectedPress UeIs represented by formula (1):
OCV _ is the negative OCV, Uohm＝I*R0I is the current between the positive and negative electrodes, R0For the purpose of the equivalent ohmic internal resistance,
U1by passing
Obtained iteratively, tao1 ═ R11*C11，R11For the equivalent internal polarization resistance, C11Δ t (j) is the predetermined time, I (j) is the current between the positive and negative electrodes, U1(j) Terminal voltage, U, for current equivalent polarization internal resistance1(j-1) is the last U obtained1(j)。
8. The method for obtaining the maximum charging current without lithium deposition for a lithium battery at a predetermined SOC according to claim 4, wherein:
wherein, in step S4-3, the equivalent ohmic internal resistance is within a first predetermined range, and the equivalent polarization internal resistance is within a second predetermined range.
9. The method for obtaining the maximum charging current without lithium deposition for a lithium battery at a predetermined SOC according to claim 8, wherein:
wherein the first predetermined range is 0 to R1s，
The R is1sIs represented by formula (2):
ΔU1for the change in the negative electrode potential within 1 second during charging in the predetermined test, Δ I1The amount of change in the current between the positive and negative electrodes within 1 second during the charging process of the predetermined test,
the second predetermined range of 0 to R2s，
The R is2SIs represented by formula (3):
ΔU2for the change in the negative electrode potential within 10 seconds during charging in the predetermined test, Δ I2The change amount of the current between the positive electrode and the negative electrode within 10 seconds during the charging process of the predetermined test.
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