CN113933361A - Electrochemical device with reference electrode and lithium precipitation prevention application method thereof - Google Patents

Electrochemical device with reference electrode and lithium precipitation prevention application method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113933361A
CN113933361A CN202111544799.7A CN202111544799A CN113933361A CN 113933361 A CN113933361 A CN 113933361A CN 202111544799 A CN202111544799 A CN 202111544799A CN 113933361 A CN113933361 A CN 113933361A
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reference electrode
electrochemical device
negative
potential difference
pole piece
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陈新虹
冯笑
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Suzhou Yilai Kede Technology Co ltd
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Priority to CN202111544799.7A priority Critical patent/CN113933361A/en
Priority to PCT/CN2021/141821 priority patent/WO2023108812A1/en
Publication of CN113933361A publication Critical patent/CN113933361A/en
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/26Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
    • G01N27/28Electrolytic cell components
    • G01N27/30Electrodes, e.g. test electrodes; Half-cells
    • G01N27/301Reference electrodes
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/382Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
    • G01R31/3835Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC involving only voltage measurements
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses an electrochemical device with a reference electrode, which comprises a positive pole piece, a negative pole piece and a diaphragm arranged between the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece, wherein the positive pole piece comprises a positive current collector and a positive coating, the negative pole piece comprises a negative current collector and a negative coating, the electrochemical device also comprises at least one reference electrode, the reference electrode is arranged between the negative pole piece and the diaphragm, and the reference electrode is electrically connected with the surface of the negative coating. The invention also discloses an application method for preventing lithium precipitation by using the electrochemical device with the reference electrode; the electrochemical device with the reference electrode of the present invention is simpler and more convenient in structure and use than the conventional electrochemical device with the reference electrode.

Description

Electrochemical device with reference electrode and lithium precipitation prevention application method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to an electrochemical device with a reference electrode and an application method for preventing lithium precipitation, belonging to the field of electrochemistry.
Background
The battery is capable of being charged quickly, which is an inevitable requirement of a user on the convenience of the electric vehicle, however, in the process of charging the battery quickly, the lithium precipitation phenomenon (Li + is reduced to Li metal on the surface of the negative electrode) may occur on the surface of the negative electrode of the battery, the precipitated lithium has high electrochemical activity, and may be accumulated to form dendrites to pierce through the diaphragm and cause short circuit, thereby causing the quick decay of the service life of the battery and the reduction of the safety. At present, a relatively mature method is to determine whether lithium separation occurs in a battery cell through a reference electrode, and consider that lithium separation occurs when a negative electrode potential is 0V as a standard and less than 0V. The traditional method for judging whether the battery separates lithium is to arrange reference electrodes between the anode and the first diaphragm and between the cathode and the first diaphragm, and the reference electrode between the cathode and the first diaphragm is separated from the cathode coating by the second diaphragm, and the reference electrode is used for obtaining the voltage of the electrolyte. And (3) measuring the voltage between the positive electrode and the reference electrode and between the negative electrode and the reference electrode to obtain the data of the internal voltage of the battery so as to judge whether the battery generates lithium analysis. For example: the invention application with the Chinese patent publication number of CN113258156A discloses a three-electrode cell structure, wherein at least one group of electrode groups in the three-electrode cell structure comprises a first reference electrode, a second diaphragm, a second reference electrode and a third diaphragm, and the first reference electrode is positioned between a negative electrode and the first diaphragm; a second separator is positioned between the negative electrode and the first reference electrode; a second reference electrode is positioned between the positive electrode and the first separator; and a third membrane is positioned between the positive electrode and the second reference electrode. The patent also discloses a method for testing the position of the negative electrode point, which corrects the polarization caused by introducing a diaphragm in the three-electrode test by testing the potential difference between the negative electrode and the first reference electrode and the potential difference between the negative electrode and the second reference electrode, and measures the potential of the negative electrode in the charging process so as to judge whether the battery separates lithium.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the embodiment of the invention provides an electrochemical device with a reference electrode and an application method for preventing lithium separation, which are used for solving the problems that a battery for preventing lithium separation in the prior art is complex in structure, detection data needs to be corrected, and whether lithium is to be separated or not cannot be judged in advance.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
in a first aspect, the invention provides an electrochemical device with a reference electrode, which comprises a positive electrode piece, a negative electrode piece and a diaphragm arranged between the positive electrode piece and the negative electrode piece, wherein the positive electrode piece comprises a positive current collector and a positive coating, the negative electrode piece comprises a negative current collector and a negative coating, the electrochemical device further comprises at least one reference electrode, the reference electrode is arranged between the negative electrode piece and the diaphragm, and the reference electrode is electrically connected with the surface of the negative coating.
The judgment basis that the lithium precipitation of the battery occurs is that the potential difference between the surface of the solid particles of the negative electrode and the peripheral liquid electrolyte is just reduced and broken by 0. Therefore, finding the position where the negative electrode coating solid-liquid phase potential difference (Eta) is lowest during charging can be used as a monitoring point for judging whether lithium deposition will occur. The inventor finds that the solid-liquid phase potential difference (Eta) of the negative electrode coating tends to be smaller as the potential difference of the diaphragm is closer in the charging and discharging process, so that the solid-liquid phase potential difference (Eta) of the surface of the negative electrode coating close to the diaphragm is the lowest point of the solid-liquid phase potential difference (Eta) of the negative electrode pole piece, and the solid-liquid phase potential difference is most suitable for judging whether the lithium battery is about to precipitate lithium. However, the negative coating solid-liquid phase potential difference (Eta) cannot be directly observed by the sensor.
The inventor further finds that a reference electrode is arranged between the negative pole piece and the diaphragm and is electrically connected with the surface of the negative pole coating to obtain the potential of the surface of the negative pole coating, and the potential difference between the negative pole lug and the reference electrode is very close to the data of the solid-liquid phase potential difference (Eta) of the surface of the negative pole coating close to the diaphragm. Therefore, the potential difference data of the reference electrode and the negative electrode tab can be obtained to monitor the charging state of the battery so as to prevent the battery from separating lithium. Compared with the traditional method that whether the battery analyzes lithium is judged by arranging a plurality of reference electrodes and diaphragms and adopting a complex formula for verification, the method has the advantages of simpler structure and capability of predicting the occurrence of lithium analysis.
The reference electrode may be provided so as to be electrically connected to the surface of the negative electrode coating layer. Generally, the winding and folding process of the lithium battery can make the reference electrode and the surface of the negative electrode coating tightly fit to realize electric connection, and of course, the reference electrode and the negative electrode coating can also be connected in a way of additionally arranging another lithium metal connecting piece.
Further, the reference electrode is a pre-lithiated material of the negative electrode, which is used to pre-lithiate the electrochemical device. The pre-lithiation material is used as a reference electrode, so that the effect of one object dual-purpose can be realized, and the purpose of saving materials is achieved. Of course, the reference electrode may be made of a material other than the prelithiation material, such as lithium metal, e.g., lithium strip, lithium sheet, or lithium titanate, or may be made of other materials coated with lithium metal.
As a further improvement to the arrangement of the reference electrode, the reference electrode is arranged at a position far away from the battery case in the thickness direction of the electrochemical device pole piece. For the arrangement of the reference electrode, it is necessary to prevent it from scratching the battery case, and therefore it is necessary to arrange the reference electrode at a position distant from the battery case, and particularly for a rolled battery, it is more appropriate to arrange the reference electrode at a position closer to the winding core as viewed in the stacking direction of the rolling to prevent scratching the case. In the case of a zigzag-folded battery, the reference electrode is preferably disposed at a position closer to the center as viewed in the thickness direction.
Further, the reference electrode is electrically connected with the negative electrode tab. Because the reference electrode and the negative pole lug are not convenient to be electrically connected after the battery leaves a factory, the reference electrode and the negative pole lug are preferably connected in advance when the battery leaves the factory, and in addition, the potential sensor and the reference electrode and the negative pole lug are conveniently and electrically connected to monitor the lithium precipitation prevention after the battery leaves the factory by means of reserving a binding post and a wiring hole. When the lithium ion battery is used, the reference electrode is connected with the negative electrode tab, potential data are read, and when the potential data approach 0, the lithium ion battery can be judged to be about to analyze lithium. In addition, because the reference electrode and the negative electrode tab are both positioned on the negative electrode of the lithium battery, the short circuit of the battery can not be caused.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for preventing lithium deposition in an electrochemical device with a reference electrode, comprising the steps of:
acquiring potential difference data between a cathode lug and the surface of a cathode coating;
the acquired potential difference data is compared with a potential difference threshold value, and when the acquired potential difference data is smaller than the potential difference threshold value, the charging current is stopped or reduced.
In order to further reduce the monitoring cost, preferably, before the step of "acquiring data of potential difference between the negative electrode tab and the reference electrode", SOC (state of charge) data of the electrochemical device is acquired, the acquired SOC data is compared with a SOC threshold value, and when the SOC data is greater than or equal to the SOC threshold value, data of potential difference between the negative electrode tab and the reference electrode is acquired. Because the battery is not easy to cause the occurrence of lithium precipitation in the early stage of charging, an SOC threshold value can be set, and when the charging SOC data is greater than or equal to the threshold value, the potential difference of the lowest point of the negative electrode is monitored.
Further, the potential difference threshold is 10 millivolts. When the monitored actual potential difference is equal to or exceeds 10 millivolts, the charging current is stopped or reduced, so that the charging efficiency can be ensured, and the charging safety can be ensured.
Further, the SOC threshold is 70%. Setting the SOC threshold at 70% is also a value obtained under the consideration of monitoring cost and charging safety, and this value may be adjusted according to the requirement, for example, when the battery is in the late stage of the service life, or the battery is charged by a fast charger, the SOC threshold may be adjusted to be between 50% and 20% to ensure charging safety.
Due to the application of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: compared with the traditional lithium precipitation prevention structure, the invention can monitor the charging condition of the battery in real time by only using one reference electrode, does not need complex data correction, and has simple structure, convenient monitoring and accurate result.
In order to make the aforementioned and other objects, features and advantages of the invention comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the internal structure of an electrochemical device according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of an external structure of an electrochemical device according to the present invention.
Reference numerals of the above figures: 1. a positive electrode plate; 11. a positive current collector; 12. a positive electrode coating; 2. a negative pole piece; 21. a negative current collector; 211. a negative electrode tab; 22. a negative electrode coating; 3. a diaphragm; 4. a reference electrode; 5. and a battery case.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example (b): referring to fig. 1, the electrochemical device has a schematic internal structure, which includes a positive electrode sheet 1, a diaphragm 3 and a negative electrode sheet 2, the positive electrode sheet 1 includes a positive current collector 12, both sides of the positive current collector 12 are coated with a positive coating 12, the negative electrode sheet 2 includes a negative current collector 21, both sides of the negative current collector 21 are coated with a negative coating 22, a reference electrode 4 is disposed between the negative electrode sheet 2 and the diaphragm 3, the reference electrode 4 is attached to the surface of the negative coating 22 and electrically connected to the negative coating 22, and the end of the reference electrode 4 is further connected to a negative electrode tab 211 (not shown), so as to measure the potential difference between the two after the electrochemical device is mounted.
The reference electrode 4 is a lithium strip for carrying out pre-lithiation on the electrochemical device, and after the lithium strip is used for carrying out pre-lithiation on the electrochemical device, the lithium strip is inserted between the negative electrode plate 2 and the diaphragm 3 to be used as the reference electrode 4. Further, the reference electrode 4 is disposed away from the battery case 5 as viewed in the lamination direction of the cell, and a position where the reference electrode 4 is connected to the negative electrode tab 211 is facilitated.
As shown in fig. 2, the reference electrode 4 and the negative electrode tab 211 may be configured not to be connected in advance, but terminals connected to the reference electrode and the negative electrode tab, respectively, may be provided outside the assembled electrochemical device, and external sensors may be connected to the two terminals, respectively, to detect a potential difference. Of course, the sensor for monitoring the potential difference may be provided on the electrochemical device as a part of the electrochemical device, and the electrochemical device directly outputs the potential difference data.
For the position of the reference electrode, in order to prevent it from scratching the battery case, for a commonly used round winding type lithium battery, the reference electrode is disposed at a position close to the winding core, and for a zigzag-folded square lithium battery, the reference electrode is more suitably disposed at a position closer to the middle as viewed in the thickness direction.
The invention also discloses an application method for preventing lithium precipitation by using the electrochemical device with the reference electrode, which comprises the following steps:
the method includes acquiring SOC data (state of charge) of the electrochemical device, comparing the acquired SOC data with a set threshold value of 70% of a full charge amount, and performing the following steps when the SOC data is greater than or equal to 70% of the full charge amount.
Acquiring potential difference data between a cathode lug and the surface of a cathode coating, wherein the potential difference data on the surface of the cathode coating is acquired by a reference electrode attached to the surface of the cathode coating;
the acquired potential difference data is compared with a potential difference threshold value of 10 mv, and when the acquired potential difference data is less than the potential difference threshold value of 10 mv, the charging current is stopped or reduced.
The lithium battery with the reference electrode can monitor the lowest value of the solid-liquid phase potential difference (Eta) of the negative coating in a charging state by the method, and prevent the lithium precipitation of the battery. The method can monitor the charging condition of the electrochemical device in real time only by using one reference electrode, does not need complex data correction, and has the advantages of simple structure, convenient monitoring and accurate result.
The principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying specific embodiments in the invention, and the description of the embodiments is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. The utility model provides a take reference electrode's electrochemical device, includes positive pole piece, negative pole piece and setting and is in positive pole piece with diaphragm between the negative pole piece, positive pole piece includes the anodal mass flow body and anodal coating, negative pole piece includes the negative current body and negative coating, its characterized in that: the electrochemical device further comprises at least one reference electrode, wherein the reference electrode is arranged between the negative electrode pole piece and the diaphragm, and the reference electrode is electrically connected with the surface of the negative electrode coating.
2. The electrochemical device with reference electrode of claim 1, wherein: the reference electrode is a prelithiated material of the negative electrode, which is used to prelithiate the electrochemical device.
3. The electrochemical device with reference electrode of claim 1, wherein: the reference electrode is arranged at a position far away from the battery shell in the thickness direction of the pole piece of the electrochemical device.
4. The electrochemical device with reference electrode of claim 1, wherein: the reference electrode is electrically connected with the negative electrode tab.
5. An application method of preventing lithium deposition using the electrochemical device with reference electrode according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: in a charged state of the electrochemical device, performing the steps of:
acquiring potential difference data between a cathode lug and the surface of a cathode coating;
and comparing the acquired potential difference data with a potential difference threshold value, and stopping or reducing the charging current when the acquired potential difference data is smaller than the potential difference threshold value.
6. The method for preventing lithium deposition according to claim 5, wherein: the method further comprises the steps of obtaining SOC data of the electrochemical device before the step of obtaining potential difference data between the negative electrode lug and the reference electrode, comparing the obtained SOC data with an SOC threshold value, and obtaining the potential difference data between the negative electrode lug and the reference electrode when the SOC data is larger than or equal to the SOC threshold value.
7. The method for preventing lithium deposition according to claim 6, wherein: the potential difference threshold is 10 millivolts.
8. The method for preventing lithium deposition according to claim 6, wherein: the SOC threshold is 70%.
CN202111544799.7A 2021-12-17 2021-12-17 Electrochemical device with reference electrode and lithium precipitation prevention application method thereof Withdrawn CN113933361A (en)

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PCT/CN2021/141821 WO2023108812A1 (en) 2021-12-17 2021-12-28 Electrochemical device having reference electrode and lithium plating prevention application method using same

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Application publication date: 20220114