CN110938905A - High-strength pulp-free polylactic acid yarn and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-strength pulp-free polylactic acid yarn and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110938905A CN110938905A CN201911197416.6A CN201911197416A CN110938905A CN 110938905 A CN110938905 A CN 110938905A CN 201911197416 A CN201911197416 A CN 201911197416A CN 110938905 A CN110938905 A CN 110938905A
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
- D02G3/02—Yarns or threads characterised by the material or by the materials from which they are made
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/28—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like while mixing different spinning solutions or melts during the spinning operation; Spinnerette packs therefor
- D01D5/30—Conjugate filaments; Spinnerette packs therefor
- D01D5/34—Core-skin structure; Spinnerette packs therefor
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
- D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
- D01F8/14—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one polyester as constituent
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
- D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
- D02G3/40—Yarns in which fibres are united by adhesives; Impregnated yarns or threads
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
- D10B2331/04—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyesters, e.g. polyethylene terephthalate [PET]
- D10B2331/041—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyesters, e.g. polyethylene terephthalate [PET] derived from hydroxy-carboxylic acids, e.g. lactones
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Multicomponent Fibers (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-strength pulp-free polylactic acid (PLA) yarn and a preparation method thereof, wherein the high-strength pulp-free PLA yarn is composed of PLA short fibers with the linear density of 1.3-7.7 dtex and the length of 25-150 mm, the PLA short fibers have a sheath-core structure, a sheath layer is low-melting-point PLA, a core layer is high-melting-point PLA, and the mass ratio of the sheath layer to the core layer is 5: 90-50: 50; the preparation method of the high-strength pulp-free PLA yarn comprises the following steps: drying the raw materials of the skin layer and the core layer, respectively adding the dried raw materials into a hopper corresponding to a composite spinning machine, and preparing the PLA short fiber with the skin-core structure through the working procedures of melt conveying, spinning, air blowing cooling, winding and feeding, oil bath stretching, steam bath stretching, tension heat setting, oiling, yarn folding, curling, loosening and cutting; the skin-core structure PLA short fiber is used as a raw material, spinning is carried out to prepare PLA yarn, then the PLA yarn is heated and pressurized through a pair of heating rollers to prepare the high-strength non-sizing yarn, the heating temperature is higher than the melting point of the skin layer PLA and lower than the melting point of the core layer PLA, hairiness is reduced through the adhesion of the skin layer, the cohesive force between fibers is increased, and the high strength and the non-sizing of the yarn are realized. The prepared high-strength pulp-free PLA yarn can be used in the fields of clothing textiles, decorative textiles and industrial textiles.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of textiles, in particular to a high-strength pulp-free polylactic acid yarn and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The textile industry is the national economy pillar industry, important civil industry and the industry with obvious international competitive advantages in China, and is also an important component of strategic emerging industry and an important carrier of national culture inheritance, however, the development of the textile industry has the problems of resource shortage and environmental pollution, for example, the raw materials of synthetic fibers mainly come from petroleum, the petroleum is a non-renewable resource and faces the problem of resource exhaustion after 50 years, most of petroleum-based synthetic fibers are not biodegradable and can generate environmental pollution, in addition, the yarns need to be sized in the warp preparation process, desizing is needed in dyeing and finishing, and sizing and desizing can generate the problems of environmental pollution and resource consumption. Polylactic acid (PLA) is renewable and biodegradable, can be used as a raw material of synthetic fibers, and can be specially designed and processed for realizing pulp-free of the structures of the fibers and yarns so as to solve the problems of environmental pollution and resource shortage.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to develop a high-strength non-sizing polylactic acid yarn and a preparation method thereof aiming at the problems of environment and resource consumption caused by that the raw materials of the synthetic fibers are derived from petroleum and sizing and desizing.
The high-strength pulp-free polylactic acid PLA yarn comprises the following raw materials:
(1) the high-strength pulp-free PLA yarn consists of PLA short fibers with the linear density of 1.3-7.7 dtex and the length of 25-150 mm;
(2) the PLA short fiber has a skin-core structure, the core layer is made of PLA with D-LA content of 0-10 mol% and viscosity average molecular weight of 5.0 × 104～1.0×106(ii) a The core layer can also be stereocomplex polylactic acid sc-PLA, wherein the sc-PLA is a mixture of levorotatory polylactic acid PLLA and dextrorotatory polylactic acid PDLA, and the weight ratio of the PLLA to the PDLA is 1: 1, viscosity average molecular weight of PLLA and PDLA is 5.0X 104～1.0×106；
(3) When the core layer is PLA fiber with the D-LA content of 0-10 mol%, the cortex layer is PLA with the D-LA content of 10-50 mol% of a D-LA structural unit, and the viscosity average molecular weight is 3.0 multiplied by 104～1.0×106(ii) a When the core layer is sc-PLA fiber, the skin layer is PLA with the D-LA content of 0-100%, and the viscosity average molecular weight is 3.0 multiplied by 104～1.0×106；
(4) The mass ratio of the skin layer to the core layer is 5: 90-50: 50;
(5) the melting point of the PLA short fiber skin layer in the high-strength pulp-free polylactic acid PLA yarn is lower than that of the core layer, and the yarns are bonded together by means of the melted skin layer so as to reduce hairiness and increase strength.
The preparation method of the high-strength pulp-free polylactic acid PLA yarn comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively drying the PLA raw materials of the skin layer and the core layer in a vacuum oven for 8-48 h at the drying temperature of 50-105 ℃;
(2) adding PLA raw materials corresponding to a skin layer and a core layer into a hopper corresponding to a composite spinning machine, and preparing the PLA short fiber with the skin-core structure through melt conveying, spinning, air blowing cooling, winding and feeding, oil bath stretching, steam bath stretching, tension heat setting, oiling, yarn folding, curling, loosening and cutting, wherein the skin layer melt extrusion temperature is 130-220 ℃, the core layer melt extrusion temperature is 180-250 ℃, the spinning speed is 500-2000 m/min, the primary stretching temperature is 60-120 ℃, the primary stretching multiple is 2-5 times, the secondary stretching temperature is 70-140 ℃, the secondary stretching multiple is 1.1-3 times, the heat setting temperature is 90-150 ℃, and the composite ratio is 5: 90-50: 50;
(3) the skin-core-structure PLA short fiber is used as a raw material, spinning is carried out to obtain PLA yarn, then the PLA yarn is heated and pressurized through a pair of heating rollers to obtain the high-strength non-spun yarn, the heating temperature is higher than the melting point of the skin-layer PLA and lower than the melting point of the core-layer PLA, and the pressure is 0.2-3 MPa.
Has the advantages that:
(1) the high-strength pulp-free PLA yarn is made of PLA completely, and the resource is renewable and biodegradable;
(2) the preparation process of the high-strength pulp-free PLA yarn is simple, the yarn passes through a pair of heating rollers to enable the temperature to be between the skin layer and the core layer, pressure is applied to enable the skin layers of the fibers to be bonded together, surface hairiness is reduced, cohesive force between the fibers is increased, and high-strength pulp-free PLA yarn is achieved.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are only for illustrating the present invention and do not limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes and modifications to the present invention may be effected by those skilled in the art after reading the teachings herein, and such equivalents are intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims.
Example 1
(1) Firstly, stereocomplex polylactic acid (sc-PLA) and PLA with the D-LA content of 2mol percent are dried and pre-crystallized in a vacuum oven at 105 ℃ for 24 hours for standby, and the viscosity average molecular weights of PLLA and PDLA in the sc-PLA are respectively 1.8 multiplied by 105And 2.0X 105The viscosity average molecular weight of PLA was 2.2X 10, respectively5。
(2) Adding PLA raw materials corresponding to a skin layer and a core layer into a hopper corresponding to a composite spinning machine, and preparing the PLA short fiber with the skin-core structure through melt conveying, spinning, air blowing cooling, winding and feeding, oil bath stretching, steam bath stretching, tension heat setting, oiling, yarn folding, curling, loosening and cutting, wherein the skin layer melt extrusion temperature is 210 ℃, the core layer melt extrusion temperature is 230 ℃, the spinning speed is 1000m/min, the primary stretching temperature is 90 ℃, the primary stretching multiple is 5 times, the secondary stretching temperature is 110 ℃, the secondary stretching multiple is 2 times, the heat setting temperature is 120 ℃, and the composite ratio is 10: 90, respectively; the obtained sheath-core structure PLA staple fibers had a length of 38mm and a linear density of 1.5 dtex.
(3) The method comprises the steps of spinning by taking skin-core structure PLA short fibers as a raw material to obtain PLA yarns, and then passing the PLA yarns through a pair of heating rollers to heat and pressurize the PLA to obtain the high-strength non-sizing yarns, wherein the heating temperature is 190 ℃ and the pressure is 0.5 MPa. The strength of the obtained high-strength pulp-free PLA yarn is 3.8cN/dtex, and the elongation at break is 12%.
Example 2
(1) Firstly, levorotatory polylactic acid PLLA (D-LA content is 0) and PLA with D-LA content of 10 mol% are dried in a vacuum oven at 80 ℃ for 24 hours for standby application, and the viscosity average molecular weights of the PLLA and the PLA are respectively 1.8 multiplied by 105And 1.5X 105。
(2) Adding PLA raw materials corresponding to a skin layer and a core layer into a hopper corresponding to a composite spinning machine, and preparing the PLA short fiber with the skin-core structure through melt conveying, spinning, air blowing cooling, winding and feeding, oil bath stretching, steam bath stretching, tension heat setting, oiling, yarn folding, curling, loosening and cutting, wherein the skin layer melt extrusion temperature is 180 ℃, the core layer melt extrusion temperature is 230 ℃, the spinning speed is 1500m/min, the primary stretching temperature is 75 ℃, the primary stretching multiple is 4 times, the secondary stretching temperature is 95 ℃, the secondary stretching multiple is 2 times, the heat setting temperature is 100 ℃, and the composite ratio is 10: 90, respectively; the obtained sheath-core structure PLA staple fibers had a length of 38mm and a linear density of 1.5 dtex.
(3) The method comprises the steps of spinning by taking PLA short fibers with a skin-core structure as a raw material to obtain PLA yarns, and then passing the PLA yarns through a pair of heating rollers to heat and pressurize the PLA to obtain the high-strength non-sizing yarns, wherein the heating temperature is 140 ℃, and the pressure is 0.5 MPa. The strength of the obtained high-strength pulp-free PLA yarn is 3.2cN/dtex, and the elongation at break is 15%.
Example 3
(1) Firstly, drying and pre-crystallizing stereocomplex polylactic acid (sc-PLA) and levorotatory polylactic acid PLLA (with the content of D-LA being 0) in a vacuum oven at 105 ℃ for 24 hours for later use, wherein the viscosity average molecular weights of the PLLA and the PDLA in the sc-PLA are respectively 1.8 multiplied by 105And 2.0X 105The viscosity average molecular weight of PLA was 2.2X 10, respectively5。
(2) Adding PLA raw materials corresponding to a skin layer and a core layer into a hopper corresponding to a composite spinning machine, and preparing the PLA short fiber with the skin-core structure through melt conveying, spinning, air blowing cooling, winding and feeding, oil bath stretching, steam bath stretching, tension heat setting, oiling, yarn folding, curling, loosening and cutting, wherein the skin layer melt extrusion temperature is 220 ℃, the core layer melt extrusion temperature is 230 ℃, the spinning speed is 1000m/min, the primary stretching temperature is 85 ℃, the primary stretching multiple is 4 times, the secondary stretching temperature is 110 ℃, the secondary stretching multiple is 2.5 times, the heat setting temperature is 130 ℃, the composite ratio is 10: 90, respectively; the obtained sheath-core structure PLA staple fibers had a length of 51mm and a linear density of 2.2 dtex.
(3) The method comprises the steps of spinning by taking PLA short fibers with a sheath-core structure as a raw material to obtain PLA yarns, and then passing the PLA yarns through a pair of heating rollers to heat and pressurize the PLA to obtain the high-strength non-sizing yarns, wherein the heating temperature is 200 ℃, and the pressure is 0.8 MPa. The strength of the obtained high-strength pulp-free PLA yarn is 4.5cN/dtex, and the elongation at break is 10%.
Claims (2)
1. A high-strength pulp-free polylactic acid (PLA) yarn comprises the following raw materials:
(1) the high-strength pulp-free PLA yarn consists of PLA short fibers with the linear density of 1.3-7.7 dtex and the length of 25-150 mm;
(2) the PLA short fiber has a skin-core structure, the core layer is made of PLA with D-LA content of 0-10 mol% and viscosity average molecular weight of 5.0 × 104～1.0×106(ii) a The core layer can also be stereocomplex polylactic acid sc-PLA, wherein the sc-PLA is a mixture of levorotatory polylactic acid PLLA and dextrorotatory polylactic acid PDLA, and the weight ratio of the PLLA to the PDLA is 1: 1, viscosity average molecular weight of PLLA and PDLA is 5.0X 104～1.0×106；
(3) When the core layer is PLA fiber with the D-LA content of 0-10 mol%, the cortex layer is PLA with the D-LA content of 10-50 mol% of a D-LA structural unit, and the viscosity average molecular weight is 3.0 multiplied by 104～1.0×106(ii) a When the core layer is sc-PLA fiber, the skin layer is PLA with the D-LA content of 0-100%, and the viscosity average molecular weight is 3.0 multiplied by 104～1.0×106；
(4) The mass ratio of the skin layer to the core layer is 5: 90-50: 50;
(5) the melting point of the PLA short fiber skin layer in the high-strength pulp-free polylactic acid PLA yarn is lower than that of the core layer, and the yarns are bonded together by means of the melted skin layer so as to reduce hairiness and increase strength.
2. The method for preparing the high-strength pulp-free polylactic acid (PLA) yarn according to claim 1, comprising the following steps:
(1) respectively drying the PLA raw materials of the skin layer and the core layer in a vacuum oven for 8-48 h at the drying temperature of 50-105 ℃;
(2) adding PLA raw materials corresponding to a skin layer and a core layer into a hopper corresponding to a composite spinning machine, and preparing the PLA short fiber with the skin-core structure through melt conveying, spinning, air blowing cooling, winding and feeding, oil bath stretching, steam bath stretching, tension heat setting, oiling, yarn folding, curling, loosening and cutting, wherein the skin layer melt extrusion temperature is 130-220 ℃, the core layer melt extrusion temperature is 180-250 ℃, the spinning speed is 500-2000 m/min, the primary stretching temperature is 60-120 ℃, the primary stretching multiple is 2-5 times, the secondary stretching temperature is 70-140 ℃, the secondary stretching multiple is 1.1-3 times, the heat setting temperature is 90-150 ℃, and the composite ratio is 5: 90-50: 50;
(3) the skin-core-structure PLA short fiber is used as a raw material, spinning is carried out to obtain PLA yarn, then the PLA yarn is heated and pressurized through a pair of heating rollers to obtain the high-strength non-spun yarn, the heating temperature is higher than the melting point of the skin-layer PLA and lower than the melting point of the core-layer PLA, and the pressure is 0.2-3 MPa.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112521737A (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2021-03-19 | 河南银金达新材料股份有限公司 | Preparation process of high-strength polylactic acid composite material |
| WO2024060501A1 (en) * | 2022-09-23 | 2024-03-28 | 云南中烟工业有限责任公司 | Preparation method for knife-hitting-preventing polylactic acid fiber filter stick |
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Application publication date: 20200331 |