CN110938155A - 一种高聚合度n-乙酰壳寡糖单体的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高聚合度n-乙酰壳寡糖单体的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110938155A
CN110938155A CN201910737328.4A CN201910737328A CN110938155A CN 110938155 A CN110938155 A CN 110938155A CN 201910737328 A CN201910737328 A CN 201910737328A CN 110938155 A CN110938155 A CN 110938155A
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岳帆
赵峡
张斌
管昶
王丽丽
高芹芹
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种高聚合度N‑乙酰壳寡糖单体的制备方法,属于海洋生物技术领域。本发明以几丁聚糖为原料,利用水洗醇沉方法制备得到N‑乙酰壳寡糖,然后通过活性炭柱分离方法制备高聚合度N‑乙酰壳寡糖单体,生产成本低、操作简单,便于工业化生产;本发明制备的N‑乙酰壳寡糖单体填补了高聚合度N‑乙酰化壳寡糖单体制备,特别是N‑乙酰壳六糖、N‑乙酰壳七糖制备技术的空白。

Description

一种高聚合度N-乙酰壳寡糖单体的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种N-乙酰壳寡糖单体的制备方法,尤其涉及一种高聚合度N-乙酰壳寡糖单体的制备方法,属于海洋生物技术领域。
背景技术
几丁质是由N一乙酰一D一氨基葡萄糖以13—1,4一糖苷键连接而成的高分子聚合物,广泛存在于自然界,特别是海洋中。据统计,几丁质的全球年生物合成量超过109t,是仅次于纤维素的第二大可再生资源。
几丁质的降解产物几丁寡糖、壳聚糖和N一乙酰氨基葡萄糖具有抗菌、抗肿瘤等活性,因而具有广泛的应用前景,目前这些产品一般用化学降解的方法来制取,造成较严重的环境污染,而用几丁质酶降解法能克服这个缺点,而且能控制降解的程度。几丁质酶分布广泛,几乎从微生物到高等动植物所有的生物类群中都有分布,具有广泛的功能。几丁质酶能降解自然界中数量巨大的天然多聚物——几丁质,所以在自然界的物质循环中起着不可替代的作用。另外,在环境保护、医药、食品和基础生命科学研究中也具有巨大的潜在价值。
几丁质是天然的高分子物质,具有很好的组织相容性和生物降解性、安全无毒、无刺激性、无抗原性,单体乙酰氨基葡萄糖是人体内透明质酸酶的前体物质。但因几丁质不溶于水,限制了它的应用,采用适当的方法将其降解,可以得到聚合度在20以下的水溶性几丁寡糖(Chitooligosaccharides,COS),研究表明这些不同大小的分子易被肠道粘膜吸收,能提高人体的生态调节功能。尤其高分子量的几丁寡糖,如几丁五糖(N-乙酰化的壳五糖)、六糖(N-乙酰化的壳六糖)和七糖(N-乙酰化的壳七糖)具有显著的抗肿瘤作用,能激活人巨噬细胞、淋巴细胞、NK细胞和补体系统,并诱导许多细胞因子产生,提高机体免疫机能。
几丁质在自然界具有丰富的资源,几丁寡糖作为一种具有独特生理活性的功能性低聚糖,分子量小解性好、易于吸收。随着人们研究的深入,越来越多的功能逐渐被人发现,展示出巨大的市场潜力,引起国外研究的重视。现在已从不同角度采用不同方法开展了大量工作,从几丁质原料的结构、性质到降解的件、机制及寡糖的检测鉴定方面的认识越来越完善。随着几丁质的实验室研究向工业化发展转变的实现一生物物质必将被充分利用,具有环保、安全、廉价等优点的寡糖产品将在人们的生活中发挥更大作用。
目前制备N-乙酰化的壳寡糖主要是通过化学、物理和酶降解三类途径。化学方法中酸水解法是制备N-乙酰化的壳寡糖的传统方法,其中最常用浓盐酸,一般得到大量二糖和三糖,四糖、五糖很少,六糖、七糖几乎没有。微波、辐射、超声等物理方法降解则操作程序繁琐,耗时长。目前常用的酶降解,但酶法降解专一性高,廉价酶种较少,生产成本高,无法提高产量,制约着产业化发展。综上所述,建立操作简单、生产成本低、 适于产业化生产的关键生产技术成为本行业领域亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
为克服上述现有技术中的不足,本发明提供一种高聚合度N-乙酰壳寡糖单体的制备方法,本发明方法操作简单、生产成本低、产量高,易于产业化生产;本发明专利技术填补了高聚合度N-乙酰化壳寡糖单体制备,特别是N-乙酰壳六糖、N-乙酰壳七糖制备技术的空白。
本发明提供一种高聚合度N-乙酰壳寡糖单体的制备方法,具体包括高聚合度N-乙酰化壳寡糖制备和高聚合度N-乙酰化壳寡糖单体分离两个步骤。
上述高聚合度N-乙酰化壳寡糖的制备具体包括如下步骤:
1)取几丁寡糖20g,加200ml水溶解,配成100mg/ml溶液,加200-300ml乙醇纯沉,高速离心5-10min;
2)将步骤1)离心得到的沉淀用100-200ml水溶出,加200-300ml乙醇纯沉,高速离心5-10min;
3)将步骤2)离心得到的沉淀用50-100ml水溶出,加200-300ml乙醇纯沉, 高速离心5-10min。
4)将步骤3)离心得到的沉淀用20-30ml水溶出,即为高聚合度N-乙酰化壳寡糖。
上述高速离心的转速为8000~12000r/min。
上述高聚合度N-乙酰化壳寡糖单体的分离具体包括如下步骤:
1)活性炭柱的装填:将活性炭填料用水浸泡后装填在柱子中,装填后柱体积为200ml;
2)高聚合度N-乙酰化壳寡糖单体的分离:取适量高聚合度N-乙酰化壳寡糖样品上于装填好活性炭柱,20%—40%的乙醇水同一流速线性洗脱4-8个柱体积,流速为1-3ml/min,并对洗脱部分进行收集,即得高聚合度N-乙酰化壳寡糖单体。
本发明提供了一种高聚合度N-乙酰壳寡糖单体的制备方法,与现有技术相比具有如下优势:
一是本申请以几丁聚糖为原料,利用水洗醇沉方法制备得到N-乙酰壳寡糖,然后通过活性炭柱分离方法制备高聚合度N-乙酰壳寡糖单体,生产成本低、操作简单,便于工业化生产;
二是本发明制备的N-乙酰壳寡糖单体填补了高聚合度N-乙酰化壳寡糖单体制备,特别是N-乙酰壳六糖、N-乙酰壳七糖制备技术的空白。
附图说明:
图1:N-乙酰化壳寡糖的薄层色谱(TLC)分析图;
图2:N-乙酰化壳寡糖单体的薄层色谱(TLC)分析图;
图3:N5的HPLC色谱图;
图4:N5的ESI-MS质谱分析;
图5:N6的HPLC色谱图;
图6:N6的ESI-MS质谱分析;
图7:N7的HPLC色谱图;
图8:N7的ESI-MS质谱分析。
具体实施方式
实施例1 高聚合度N-乙酰化壳寡糖的制备及检测
高聚合度N-乙酰化壳寡糖的制备具体包括如下步骤:
1)取几丁寡糖20g,加200ml水溶解,配成100mg/ml溶液,加200-300ml乙醇纯沉,高速离心5-10min;
2)将步骤1)离心得到的沉淀用100-200ml水溶出,加200-300ml乙醇纯沉,高速离心5-10min;
3)将步骤2)离心得到的沉淀用50-100ml水溶出,加200-300ml乙醇纯沉, 高速离心5-10min。
4)将步骤3)离心得到的沉淀用20-30ml水溶出,即为高聚合度N-乙酰化壳寡糖。
上述高速离心的转速为8000~12000r/min;
上述几丁聚糖为日本甲阳几丁寡糖;
对制备的高聚合度N-乙酰化壳寡糖进行薄层色谱(TLC)分析:
薄层板:德国Merck公司TLC Silica gel 60 F254 plate;展开剂:正丙醇/水/氨水=3/5/2(V/V);显色剂:苯胺/二苯胺;结果如图1所示;
由图1可见,得到的高聚合度N-乙酰化壳寡糖主要为5、6糖及少量7、8糖。
实施例2 高聚合度N-乙酰化壳寡糖单体的分离及检测
高聚合度N-乙酰化壳寡糖单体的分离具体包括如下步骤:
1)活性炭柱的装填:将活性炭填料用水浸泡后装填在柱子中,装填后柱体积为200ml;
2)高聚合度N-乙酰化壳寡糖单体的分离:取适量高聚合度N-乙酰化壳寡糖样品上于装填好活性炭柱,20%—40%的乙醇水同一流速线性洗脱4-8个柱体积,流速为1-3ml/min,并对洗脱部分进行收集,即得高聚合度N-乙酰化壳寡糖单体;
对收集的洗脱液进行薄层色谱(TLC)分析,结果如图2所示;
由图2可见,N-乙酰壳五糖;30-33、N-乙酰壳六糖;45-60、N-乙酰壳七糖;75-90、N-乙酰壳八糖;100-110。
实施例3 高聚合度N-乙酰化壳寡糖单体的检测
1、高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析
检测仪器:日本岛津液相色谱仪;色谱柱:Shodex NH2 P 50 4E(4.6×250mm);流动相:70%乙腈;检测器:蒸发光散射检测器;检测器温度:50℃;柱温:30℃;流速:0.5mL/min;进样量:20µL;
2、电喷雾质谱(ESI-MS)分析
检测仪器:美国Thermo Scientific LTQ Orbitrap XL质谱仪;检测条件:负离子检测模式,喷雾电压(Spray voltage) 3.0 kV,透镜电压(Tube lens) 80 V,毛细管温度(Capillary temp) 275 ℃,毛细管电压(Capillary voltage) 43 V,鞘流气体流速(Sheath gas flow rate) 8 arb。注射泵直接进样,样品流速10 μL/min;
液相和质谱检测图如图3-8所示。
以上实施例仅用于说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其进行限制;尽管参照前述实施例对被发明进行了详细的说明,但对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,依然可以对前述实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换;而对这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明所要求保护的技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (2)

1.一种高聚合度N-乙酰壳寡糖单体的制备方法,其特征在于具体包括高聚合度N-乙酰化壳寡糖制备和高聚合度N-乙酰化壳寡糖单体分离两个步骤;其中:
所述高聚合度N-乙酰化壳寡糖的制备具体包括如下步骤:
1)取几丁寡糖20g,加200ml水溶解,配成100mg/ml溶液,加200-300ml乙醇纯沉,高速离心5-10min;
2)将步骤1)离心得到的沉淀用100-200ml水溶出,加200-300ml乙醇纯沉,高速离心5-10min;
3)将步骤2)离心得到的沉淀用50-100ml水溶出,加200-300ml乙醇纯沉, 高速离心5-10min;
4)将步骤3)离心得到的沉淀用20-30ml水溶出,即为高聚合度N-乙酰化壳寡糖;
所述聚合度N-乙酰化壳寡糖单体的分离具体包括如下步骤:
1)活性炭柱的装填:将活性炭填料用水浸泡后装填在柱子中,装填后柱体积为200ml;
2)高聚合度N-乙酰化壳寡糖单体的分离:取适量高聚合度N-乙酰化壳寡糖样品上于装填好活性炭柱,20%—40%的乙醇水同一流速线性洗脱4-8个柱体积,流速为1-3ml/min,并对洗脱部分进行收集,即得高聚合度N-乙酰化壳寡糖单体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高聚合度N-乙酰壳寡糖单体的制备方法,其特征在于所述高速离心的转速为8000~12000r/min。
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CN114544789A (zh) * 2020-11-25 2022-05-27 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 一种不同乙酰化程度壳寡糖的色谱分离方法
CN114544789B (zh) * 2020-11-25 2023-04-07 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 一种不同乙酰化程度壳寡糖的色谱分离方法

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