CN110937964A - Composite oil phase for mixed emulsion explosive and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Composite oil phase for mixed emulsion explosive and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110937964A CN110937964A CN201911359259.4A CN201911359259A CN110937964A CN 110937964 A CN110937964 A CN 110937964A CN 201911359259 A CN201911359259 A CN 201911359259A CN 110937964 A CN110937964 A CN 110937964A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B31/00—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt
- C06B31/28—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate
- C06B31/285—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate with fuel oil, e.g. ANFO-compositions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
Abstract
The invention provides a composite oil phase for mixed emulsion explosive, which comprises the following components: 30-65 parts by weight of mineral oil; 0-5 parts of petroleum wax; 20-40 parts of diesel oil; 20-40 parts of an emulsifier. Compared with the prior art, the mineral oil, the petroleum wax and the diesel oil are taken as continuous phases to form an oil film for wrapping, and meanwhile, the oil film acts as a combustible agent, so that the raw materials are wide in source and low in cost, and the obtained composite oil phase is low in viscosity, small in emulsifying shearing force, stable in quality and easy to emulsify at low temperature by matching the mineral oil, the petroleum wax, the diesel oil and the emulsifier in a specific proportion; further, the mixed emulsion explosive prepared by the composite oil phase is easy to foam and has better explosion performance, particularly excellent fluidity, stability and anti-bumping performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of emulsion explosives, and particularly relates to a composite oil phase for mixed emulsion explosives and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The W/O type industrial explosive is prepared by using ammonium nitrate water solution as a disperse phase and an oil phase as a continuous phase through an emulsification technology under the action of an emulsifier, and has good water resistance, storage stability and detonation performance, so that the W/O type industrial explosive is widely accepted at home and abroad, and the yield is rapidly increased in recent years.
The on-site mixed emulsion explosive loading technology has the advantages of high safety, low cost, high labor efficiency and the like, and is widely popularized and applied in European and American countries. Since the introduction of the field mixed emulsion explosive technology in the nineties of the last century, the technology is widely applied to the engineering blasting fields of large and medium-sized strip mines, quarries and the like, in recent years, along with the implementation of industrial policies encouraging the civil explosive technology to develop towards the aspects of energy conservation, environmental protection and safety and the development and innovation of the field mixed emulsion explosive technology, the field mixed emulsion explosive technology is gradually expanded to the engineering fields of underground mines, underwater blasting and the like, and remarkable economic and social benefits are obtained.
The essence of the emulsion explosive is emulsion formed by that ammonium nitrate solution is emulsified by emulsifier to form inner phase particles which are tightly covered in oil layer by oil phase. In actual production, in order to enhance the convenience and safety of production operation, the emulsifier, the hydrocarbon fuel and other additives are usually compounded and combined to form a composite oil phase. The basic requirements of the composite oil phase are good fluidity, strong emulsifying power and excellent stability, and although the weight ratio of the composite oil phase in the whole system is only about 6%, the quality of the composite oil phase often determines the using performance of the emulsion explosive.
However, the existing technology for mixing and loading emulsion explosives on site in China still has the following problems: the raw material cost is high, and the produced latex matrix has high viscosity, poor fluidity, difficult foaming, poor stability and poor anti-bumping property and is easy to demulsify.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a composite oil phase for a mixed emulsion explosive, which has good fluidity of an emulsion matrix, strong anti-bumping property, low viscosity and stable explosion property, and a preparation method thereof.
The invention provides a composite oil phase for mixed emulsion explosive, which comprises the following components:
preferably, the method comprises the following steps:
preferably, the mineral oil is selected from industrial white oil and/or mineral oil with kinematic viscosity of 50mm or less at 40 ℃2Mineral base oil per second.
Preferably, the petroleum wax is selected from one or more of liquid paraffin, solid paraffin and composite wax.
Preferably, the diesel oil is selected from light diesel oil and/or biodiesel; the light diesel oil is selected from one or more of 0# diesel oil, 10# diesel oil and 20# diesel oil.
Preferably, the emulsifier is selected from one or more of polyisobutylene maleic anhydride emulsifier, SP-80 emulsifier and lecithin emulsifier.
Preferably, the emulsifier is selected from SP-80 emulsifier and/or lecithin emulsifier and polyisobutylene maleic anhydride emulsifier; the mass ratio of the SP-80 emulsifier and/or lecithin emulsifier to the polyisobutylene maleic anhydride emulsifier is (0.4-1.5): 1.
preferably, the kinematic viscosity of the composite oil phase for the mixed emulsified explosive at 40 ℃ is 18-40 mm2/s。
The invention also provides a preparation method of the composite oil phase for the mixed emulsion explosive, which comprises the following steps:
heating and stirring 20-40 parts by weight of emulsifier and 0-5 parts by weight of petroleum wax, then adding 30-65 parts by weight of mineral oil, cooling, adding 20-40 parts by weight of diesel oil, and stirring to obtain the composite oil phase for the mixed emulsion explosive.
Preferably, the heating and stirring temperature is 60-70 ℃; cooling to 25-35 ℃, and adding 20-40 parts by weight of diesel oil.
The invention provides a composite oil phase for mixed emulsion explosive, which comprises the following components: 30-65 parts by weight of mineral oil; 0-5 parts of petroleum wax; 20-40 parts of diesel oil; 20-40 parts of an emulsifier. Compared with the prior art, the mineral oil, the petroleum wax and the diesel oil are taken as continuous phases to form an oil film for wrapping, and meanwhile, the oil film acts as a combustible agent, so that the raw materials are wide in source and low in cost, and the obtained composite oil phase is low in viscosity, small in emulsifying shearing force, stable in quality and easy to emulsify at low temperature by matching the mineral oil, the petroleum wax, the diesel oil and the emulsifier in a specific proportion; further, the mixed emulsion explosive prepared by the composite oil phase is easy to foam and has better explosion performance, particularly excellent fluidity, stability and anti-bumping performance.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a composite oil phase for mixed emulsion explosive, which comprises the following components:
the composite oil phase provided by the invention takes mineral oil, petroleum wax and diesel oil as continuous phases, can form an oil film to play a role in wrapping, and can be used as a combustible agent, and the three are matched in different proportions, so that the composite oil phase can be applied to the production of mixed emulsion explosives under different conditions.
The content of the mineral oil is preferably30 to 60 parts by weight, more preferably 30 to 55 parts by weight, still more preferably 30 to 50 parts by weight, and most preferably 33 to 45 parts by weight; in some embodiments provided herein, the mineral oil is preferably present in an amount of 34 parts by weight; in some embodiments provided herein, the mineral oil is preferably present in an amount of 40 parts by weight; in some embodiments provided herein, the mineral oil is preferably present in an amount of 39 parts by weight; in other embodiments provided herein, the mineral oil is preferably present in an amount of 45 parts by weight; in other embodiments provided herein, the mineral oil is preferably present in an amount of 65 parts by weight; the mineral oil is preferably industrial white oil and/or mineral oil with kinematic viscosity of 50mm or less at 40 ℃2Mineral base oil/s; the mineral base oil in the present invention is most preferably a 150SN base oil and/or a 150N base oil.
The content of the petroleum wax is preferably 0-4 parts by weight, more preferably 0-3 parts by weight, and further preferably 0-2 parts by weight; the petroleum wax is preferably one or more of liquid paraffin, solid paraffin and composite wax; the paraffin wax is preferably 52# paraffin wax.
The content of the diesel oil is preferably 22-38 parts by weight, more preferably 24-35 parts by weight, and further preferably 24-34 parts by weight; in some embodiments provided herein, the diesel fuel is preferably present in an amount of 34 parts by weight; in some embodiments provided herein, the diesel fuel is preferably present in an amount of 26 parts by weight; in other embodiments provided herein, the diesel fuel is preferably present in an amount of 24 parts by weight; the diesel oil is preferably light diesel oil and/or biodiesel; the light diesel oil is preferably one or more of 0# diesel oil, -10# diesel oil and-20 # diesel oil; in the present invention, when the composite oil phase includes biodiesel, only biodiesel may be added; when the biodiesel is not included and only light diesel oil is included, the biodiesel preferably comprises two of 0# diesel oil, 10# diesel oil and 20# diesel oil, and more preferably comprises 0# diesel oil and one of 10# diesel oil and 20# diesel oil; the mass ratio of one of-10 # diesel oil and-20 # diesel oil to 0# diesel oil is preferably (0.5-1.5): 1, more preferably (0.8 to 1.2): 1, more preferably (0.85 to 1): 1.
the composite oil phase emulsifier provided by the invention is used as a surfactant, the molecules of the composite oil phase emulsifier contain hydrophilic groups and lipophilic groups, and when the emulsion explosive is prepared, the dispersed phase water phase can be dispersed in the continuous phase oil phase in a microdroplet form, and a firmer film is formed on the surface of the microdroplet, so that the uniform emulsion state is maintained. The content of the emulsifier is preferably 25-40 parts by weight, more preferably 30-40 parts by weight, and still more preferably 31-34 parts by weight; in some embodiments provided herein, the emulsifier is preferably present in an amount of 32 parts by weight; in some embodiments provided herein, the emulsifier is preferably present in an amount of 34 parts by weight; in other embodiments provided herein, the emulsifier is preferably present in an amount of 31 parts by weight; the emulsifier is preferably one or more of a polyisobutylene maleic anhydride emulsifier, a SP-80 emulsifier and a lecithin emulsifier, more preferably a SP-80 emulsifier and/or a lecithin emulsifier and a polyisobutylene maleic anhydride emulsifier, i.e. the emulsifier must comprise a polyisobutylene maleic anhydride emulsifier; the mass ratio of the SP-80 emulsifier and/or lecithin emulsifier to the polyisobutylene maleic anhydride emulsifier is preferably (0.4-1.5): 1, more preferably (0.48 to 1.46): 1; in some embodiments provided herein, the mass ratio of the SP-80 emulsifier and/or lecithin emulsifier to the polyisobutylene maleic anhydride emulsifier is preferably 1.13: 1; in some embodiments provided herein, the mass ratio of the SP-80 emulsifier and/or lecithin emulsifier to the polyisobutylene maleic anhydride emulsifier is preferably 1.46: 1; in some embodiments provided herein, the mass ratio of the SP-80 emulsifier and/or lecithin emulsifier to the polyisobutylene maleic anhydride emulsifier is preferably 0.79: 1; in other embodiments provided herein, the mass ratio of the SP-80 emulsifier and/or lecithin emulsifier to the polyisobutylene maleic anhydride emulsifier is preferably 0.48: 1; the polyisobutylene maleic anhydride emulsifier is preferably a polyisobutylene alcohol amine polymer emulsifier, and more preferably polyisobutylene succinic acid alcohol amine; the lecithin emulsifier is preferably a mixture of lecithin and S-80 emulsifier; the mass ratio of lecithin to SP-80 emulsifier in the lecithin emulsifier is preferably (0.8-1.2): 1, more preferably (1 to 1.2): 1, more preferably 1.125: 1.
the kinematic viscosity of the composite oil phase for the mixed emulsion explosive is preferably 18-40 mm at 40 DEG C2/s。
The invention also provides a preparation method of the composite oil phase for the mixed emulsion explosive, which comprises the following steps: heating and stirring 20-40 parts by weight of emulsifier and 0-5 parts by weight of petroleum wax, then adding 30-65 parts by weight of mineral oil, cooling, adding 20-40 parts by weight of diesel oil, and stirring to obtain the composite oil phase for the mixed emulsion explosive.
The present invention is not particularly limited in terms of the source of all raw materials, and may be commercially available.
The emulsifier, petroleum wax, mineral oil and diesel oil are the same as those described above and will not be described herein.
Heating and stirring 20-40 parts by weight of emulsifier and 0-5 parts by weight of petroleum wax; the heating and stirring temperature is preferably 60 ℃ to 70 ℃, more preferably 65 ℃ to 70 ℃, and further preferably 65 ℃ to 69 ℃.
Then adding 30-65 parts by weight of mineral oil, cooling, preferably cooling to 25-35 ℃, adding 20-40 parts by weight of diesel oil, more preferably cooling to 30-35 ℃, and further preferably cooling to 34 ℃.
Finally stirring to obtain a composite oil phase for the mixed emulsion explosive; the stirring time is preferably 1-2 h, and more preferably 1.5-2 h.
The preparation method provided by the invention is simple and convenient.
In order to further illustrate the invention, the following describes in detail the composite oil phase for the mixed emulsion explosive and the preparation method thereof in combination with the examples; in the examples of the present invention, the percentages are by mass unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
When heating and mixing according to the mass ratio, firstly adding 15% of polyisobutylene succinic acid alcohol amine, 8% of SP-80 emulsifier and 9% of lecithin, stirring and heating to 68 ℃, then adding 34% of 150SN base oil, cooling to 34 ℃, adding 20% of biodiesel and 14% of 0# diesel, preserving heat and stirring for 2 hours to obtain the composite oil phase, detecting the composite oil phase at 40 DEG CThe kinematic viscosity of the oil phase is 18.9mm2/s。
Example 2
When heating and mixing according to the mass ratio, firstly adding 13% of polyisobutylene succinic acid alcohol amine, 19% of SP-80 emulsifier and 2% of liquid paraffin, stirring and heating to 65 ℃, then adding 20% of 150SN base oil and 20% of industrial white oil, cooling to 34 ℃, adding 26% of biodiesel, preserving heat and stirring for 1.5 hours to obtain the composite oil phase, and detecting that the kinematic viscosity of the composite oil phase is 19.7mm at 40 DEG C2/s。
Example 3
When heating and mixing according to the mass ratio, firstly adding 19% of polyisobutylene succinic acid alcohol amine, 15% of SP-80 emulsifier and 1% of No. 52 solid paraffin, stirring and heating to 69 ℃, then adding 39% of 150N base oil, cooling to 34 ℃, adding 13% -10# diesel oil and 13% of No. 0 diesel oil, then stirring for 2 hours under heat preservation to obtain the composite oil phase, and detecting that the kinematic viscosity of the composite oil phase is 23.5mm at 40 DEG C2/s。
Example 4
When the components are heated and mixed according to the mass ratio, 21 percent of polyisobutylene succinic acid alcohol amine and 10 percent of SP-80 emulsifier are firstly added, the stirring and heating temperature is up to 67 ℃, then 45 percent of 150SN base oil is added, 13 percent of 0# diesel oil and 11 percent to 20# diesel oil are added when the temperature is reduced to 34 ℃, the heat preservation and the stirring are carried out for 1.5 hours, the composite oil phase is obtained, the kinematic viscosity of the composite oil phase is detected to be 19.1mm at the temperature of 40 ℃, and the composite oil phase is detected to be 19.1mm2/s。
Comparative example 1
When the components are heated and mixed according to the mass ratio, 22 percent of polyisobutylene succinic acid alcohol amine, 12 percent of SP-80 emulsifier and 1 percent of No. 52 solid paraffin are firstly added, the stirring and heating temperature is up to 68 ℃, then 65 percent of 150N base oil is added, the heat preservation and the stirring are carried out for 1.5 hours, the composite oil phase is obtained, the kinematic viscosity of the composite oil phase is detected to be 37.2mm at the temperature of 40 DEG C2/s。
The composite oil phase obtained in examples 1 to 4 and comparative example 1 was used to prepare a mixed emulsion explosive: the proportion of the water phase to the oil phase is 93.5: 6.5; the mass percentages of ammonium nitrate and water in the water phase are respectively (80 plus or minus 3)%, and (20 plus or minus 3)%. Pumping the water phase and the oil phase into a static emulsifier for emulsification to form an emulsion matrix, pumping the emulsion matrix into a storage bin of an emulsion matrix transport vehicle through a screw pump, transporting the emulsion matrix to a blasting site, and sensitizing and foaming the emulsion matrix to obtain the site mixed emulsion explosive.
The properties of the mixed emulsion explosive obtained by preparation were measured (viscosity was measured by a rotational viscometer under the same conditions; the detonation velocity was measured according to the standard number RH 03-001-.
TABLE 1 comparative bump test performance of latex matrices
(Note: the jounce test was conducted at a laboratory frequency of 300r/min, with a 6h vibration simulation.)
The above table shows that the viscosity and the detonation velocity of the emulsion matrix are not obviously changed before and after the bump test, which indicates that the composite oil phase for the mixed emulsion explosive and the preparation method thereof provided by the invention have the advantages that the viscosity of the produced emulsion matrix is low, the emulsification shearing force is low, and the mixed emulsion explosive produced by using the composite oil phase has better explosion performance, particularly excellent fluidity, stability and anti-bump performance.
Claims (10)
3. the composite oil phase for mixed emulsion explosives of claim 1 wherein the mineral oil is selected from technical white oil and/or has a kinematic viscosity of 50mm or less at 40 ℃2Mineral base oil per second.
4. The composite oil phase for a blended emulsion explosive of claim 1, wherein the petroleum wax is selected from one or more of liquid paraffin, solid paraffin and composite wax.
5. The composite oil phase for a mix-filled emulsion explosive according to claim 1, wherein the diesel oil is selected from light diesel oil and/or biodiesel; the light diesel oil is selected from one or more of 0# diesel oil, 10# diesel oil and 20# diesel oil.
6. The composite oil phase for mix-and-fill emulsion explosives of claim 1 wherein the emulsifier is selected from one or more of polyisobutylene maleic anhydride type emulsifiers, SP-80 emulsifiers and lecithin emulsifiers.
7. The composite oil phase for mix-and-fill emulsion explosives of claim 1 wherein the emulsifier is selected from the group consisting of SP-80 emulsifier and/or lecithin emulsifier and polyisobutylene maleic anhydride emulsifier; the mass ratio of the SP-80 emulsifier and/or lecithin emulsifier to the polyisobutylene maleic anhydride emulsifier is (0.4-1.5): 1.
8. the composite oil phase for mixed emulsion explosive according to claim 1, wherein the kinematic viscosity of the composite oil phase for mixed emulsion explosive at 40 ℃ is 18-40 mm2/s。
9. A preparation method of a composite oil phase for a mixed emulsion explosive is characterized by comprising the following steps:
heating and stirring 20-40 parts by weight of emulsifier and 0-5 parts by weight of petroleum wax, then adding 30-65 parts by weight of mineral oil, cooling, adding 20-40 parts by weight of diesel oil, and stirring to obtain the composite oil phase for the mixed emulsion explosive.
10. The preparation method according to claim 9, wherein the temperature of the heating and stirring is 60 ℃ to 70 ℃; cooling to 25-35 ℃, and adding 20-40 parts by weight of diesel oil.
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