CN113024334B - Oil phase for preparing medium-low temperature sensitization process emulsion explosive by using coal-to-liquid intermediate product and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Oil phase for preparing medium-low temperature sensitization process emulsion explosive by using coal-to-liquid intermediate product and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
An oil phase for preparing a medium-low temperature sensitization process emulsion explosive by using a coal-to-liquid intermediate product comprises the coal-to-liquid intermediate product, a wax material, an sp-80 emulsifier and a high molecular surfactant, wherein the weight ratio of the four materials is 45-55:15-20:25-30:5-10, the four materials are metered into a mixing tank, heated, stirred and mixed for 40-70min, the temperature is controlled to be 75 +/-5 ℃, and the four materials are mixed to form a composite oil phase; the coal-to-liquid intermediate product is a semi-finished product in the coal-to-liquid production process, namely the coal-to-liquid intermediate product. The invention has the advantages that other oil phase materials are not required to be added, various performance indexes of the produced emulsion explosive can completely reach the national standard, and the product has the advantages of good fluidity, low pumping pressure and the like. The composite oil phase has the advantages of higher heat value, good safety performance, convenient use, low price, wide sources of various raw materials and higher economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an oil phase formula, in particular to an oil phase for preparing a medium-low temperature sensitization process emulsion explosive by using a coal-to-liquid intermediate product and a preparation method thereof.
Background
At present, oil phase materials used by emulsion explosive production units in domestic medium and low temperature sensitization technology are mainly petroleum byproduct paraffin products, and are compounded by adding an emulsifier, a surfactant and the like, and the quality of the oil phase materials is very easy to be influenced by the fluctuation of the quality of the petroleum byproduct, so that the quality of the emulsion explosive is influenced. Meanwhile, the petroleum byproduct is high in price, and is used for explosive production, so that resource waste exists. In order to reduce the cost and save resources, the low-price coal-to-liquid intermediate is selected to replace a petroleum byproduct to produce the oil phase, and various properties of the medium-low temperature sensitized emulsion explosive produced by the oil phase can meet the national standard, so that the medium-low temperature sensitized emulsion explosive has better economic benefit and social benefit.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide an oil phase for preparing the medium-low temperature sensitized emulsion explosive by using the coal-to-liquid intermediate product, the oil phase has the advantages of simple formula, high heat value, strong power-applying capacity and stable product performance, and various performance indexes of the produced medium-low temperature sensitized emulsion explosive can completely reach the national standard.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: an oil phase for preparing a medium-low temperature sensitization process emulsion explosive by using a coal-to-liquid intermediate product comprises the coal-to-liquid intermediate product, a wax material, an sp-80 emulsifier and a high molecular surfactant, wherein the weight ratio of the four materials is 45-55:15-20:25-30:5-10, and a composite oil phase is generated by mixing;
the coal-to-liquid intermediate product is a semi-finished product in the coal-to-liquid production process, namely the coal-to-liquid intermediate product. The index of the coal-to-liquid intermediate product is that the kinematic viscosity at 100 ℃ is 8-12 mm2(s) and a density of 750-850kg/m at 20 DEG C3The condensation point is 0-10 ℃, the flash point is more than 170 ℃, the normal alkane is more than or equal to 92 percent, the aromatic hydrocarbon content is less than or equal to 0.3 percent, and the sulfur content is less than or equal to 4.0 mg/kg;
the sp-80 emulsifier is generated by esterification of sorbitan and oleic acid under the condition of an alkaline catalyst, and the indexes of the sp-80 emulsifier are that the dynamic viscosity at 40 ℃ is as follows: 700-900mpa.s, acid value less than or equal to 5.0mgKOH/g, saponification value: 140-150 mgKOH/g, hydroxyl value: 200 to 240mgKOH/g, and is suitable for W/O type emulsion emulsifiers.
Further, the high molecular surfactant belongs to an acid alcohol ester high molecular surfactant.
Further, the kinematic viscosity of the oil phase at 100 ℃ is 13-15 mm2The oil content is 50-55%, the drop melting point is 62-66 ℃, and the flash point is more than 190 ℃.
Further, the coal-to-liquid intermediate product is composed of straight-chain hydrocarbon and oxygen-containing organic compounds.
Furthermore, the coal-to-liquid intermediate product is a semi-finished product in the coal-to-liquid production process.
Furthermore, the index of the coal-to-liquid intermediate product is that the kinematic viscosity at 100 ℃ is 10.01mm2(s) density at 20 ℃ of 750-3The condensation point is 0-10 ℃, the flash point is more than 170 ℃, the normal alkane is more than or equal to 92 percent, the aromatic hydrocarbon content is less than or equal to 0.3 percent, and the sulfur content is less than or equal to 4.0 mg/kg.
A method for preparing an oil phase for an emulsion explosive by a medium-low temperature sensitization process for preparing a coal-to-liquid intermediate product is characterized by comprising the following steps: the preparation method comprises the steps of adding the coal-to-liquid intermediate product, the wax material, the sp-80 emulsifier and the high molecular surfactant into a mixing tank in a metering manner, heating, stirring and mixing for 40-70min, controlling the temperature to be 75 +/-5 ℃, and mixing to generate the oil phase.
The invention has the advantages that the oil phase material prepared by mixing the coal-to-liquid intermediate product, the wax material, the sp-80 emulsifier and the high molecular surfactant can completely replace the existing composite oil phase for producing the low-temperature sensitized emulsion explosive, and the produced low-temperature sensitized emulsion explosive has better performance than the existing emulsion explosive in the aspects of natural storage stability, explosion velocity and the like, and has good emulsion matrix fluidity, low pumping pressure and good safety performance.
Detailed Description
A process for preparing the oil phase used to prepare middle-or low-temp sensitized emulsified explosive from the intermediate product of coal oil includes such steps as proportionally mixing the intermediate product of coal oil, wax, sp-80 emulsifier, high-molecular surfactant (45-55: 15-20:25-30: 5-10), heating while stirring for 40-70min, and mixing at 75 +/-5 deg.C.
The coal-to-liquid intermediate product is a coal chemical technology for producing liquid fuel and chemical raw materials by taking coal as a raw material, and the index of the coal-to-liquid intermediate product is 8-12 mm of kinematic viscosity at 100 DEG C2(s) and a density of 750-850kg/m at 20 DEG C3The condensation point is 0-10 ℃, the flash point is more than 170 ℃, the normal alkane is more than or equal to 92 percent, the aromatic hydrocarbon content is less than or equal to 0.3 percent, and the sulfur content is less than or equal to 4.0 mg/kg. The most remarkable characteristic of the coal-to-liquid intermediate product is that the product mainly comprises straight-chain hydrocarbon and also contains a certain amount of oxygen-containing organic compounds, has the advantages of low sulfur, low nitrogen, low aromatic hydrocarbon, high cetane number and the like, has poor low-temperature characteristic and lubricating property and higher smoke point, condensation point and pour point;
preferably, the index of the coal-to-liquid intermediate product is that the kinematic viscosity at 100 ℃ is 10.01mm2(s) density at 20 ℃ of 750-3The condensation point is 0-10 ℃, the flash point is more than 170 ℃, and the product is positiveThe content of alkane is more than or equal to 92 percent, the content of aromatic hydrocarbon is less than or equal to 0.3 percent, and the content of sulfur is less than or equal to 4.0 mg/kg.
The SP-80 emulsifier is generated by esterification reaction of sorbitan and oleic acid under the condition of an alkaline catalyst and within a certain temperature range, and the index is dynamic viscosity (40 ℃): 700-900mpa.s, acid value less than or equal to 5.0mgKOH/g, saponification value: 140-150 mgKOH/g, hydroxyl value: 200 to 240 mgKOH/g. The emulsifier is suitable for W/O type emulsion and has excellent emulsifying capacity and dispersing power.
The high molecular surfactant belongs to the acid alcohol ester high molecular surfactant and has better emulsion forming capability and stability.
The kinematic viscosity of the prepared oil phase at 100 ℃ is 13-15 mm2The oil content is 50-55%, the drop melting point is 62-66 ℃, and the flash point is more than 190 ℃.
In order to verify the performance of the formula, five groups of comparison tests are carried out, wherein the first group, the second group and the third group are non-formula, one or more of the four parameters of the kinematic viscosity, the oil content, the drop melting point and the flash point of the generated composite oil phase do not reach the parameters of the oil phase of the formula, and the fourth group and the fifth group are the formula.
The first group is an oil phase prepared from a coal-to-liquid intermediate product, a wax material, an sp-80 emulsifier and a high molecular surfactant. After being uniformly mixed, the indexes of the oil phase are detected as follows: kinematic viscosity 11.4(100 ℃, mm)2S), oil content 59.32%, melting point 62.4 deg.C, and flash point 160 deg.C. Preparing the emulsion explosive on a medium-low temperature sensitization emulsion explosive production line, and detecting the natural storage performance by reserving a sample, wherein the result is as follows:
| Time | detonation velocity (m/s) of emulsion explosive |
| Initial performance | 3817\3906\3876 |
| Naturally storing for 15 days | 3937\3876\3906 |
| Naturally storing for 30 days | 3846\3817\3788 |
| Naturally storing for 60 days | 3731\3704\3676 |
And the second group is an oil phase prepared from the coal-to-liquid intermediate product, a wax material, an sp-80 emulsifier and a high molecular surfactant. After being uniformly mixed, the indexes of the oil phase are detected as follows: kinematic viscosity 13.5(100 ℃, mm)2S), oil content 56.2%, melting point 64.1 deg.C, and flash point 179 deg.C. Preparing the emulsion explosive on a medium-low temperature sensitization emulsion explosive production line, and detecting the natural storage performance by reserving a sample, wherein the result is as follows:
and the third group is an oil phase prepared from the coal-to-liquid intermediate product, a wax material, an sp-80 emulsifier and a high molecular surfactant. After being uniformly mixed, the indexes of the oil phase are detected as follows: kinematic viscosity 13.3(100 ℃, mm)2S), oil content 53.5%, melting point 64.1 deg.C, and flash point 180 deg.C. In the medium-low temperature sensitization and emulsificationThe emulsion explosive is prepared on an explosive production line, and a sample is reserved for detecting the natural storage performance, and the result is as follows:
| Time | detonation velocity (m/s) of emulsion explosive |
| Initial performance | 4202\4237\4273 |
| Naturally storing for 15 days | 4202\4167\4132 |
| Naturally storing for 30 days | 4098\4132\4098 |
| Naturally storing for 60 days | 3968\3937\3906 |
And fourthly, the oil phase for preparing the medium and low temperature sensitized emulsified explosive by using the coal-to-liquid intermediate product and the preparation method thereof, wherein the oil phase consists of the coal-to-liquid intermediate product, wax materials, sp-80 emulsifier and high molecular surfactant. After being uniformly mixed, the indexes of the oil phase are detected as follows: kinematic viscosity 14.1(100 ℃, mm)2S), oil content of 54.1%, melting point of 64.8 deg.C, and flash point of 202 deg.C. Preparing the emulsion explosive on a medium-low temperature sensitization emulsion explosive production line, and detecting the natural storage performance by reserving a sample, wherein the result is as follows:
| Time | detonation velocity (m/s) of emulsion explosive |
| Initial performance | 4630\4587\4630 |
| Naturally storing for 15 days | 4630\4630\4630 |
| Naturally storing for 30 days | 4545\4587\4630 |
| Naturally storing for 60 days | 4587\4545\4545 |
| Naturally storing for 180 days | 4237\4273\4273 |
And the fifth group, a preparation of oil phase for middle and low temperature sensitization emulsion explosive from coal oil intermediate product and its preparation method, oil phase composed of coal oil intermediate product, wax material, sp-80 emulsifier, and macromolecule surfactant. After being uniformly mixed, the indexes of the oil phase are detected as follows: kinematic viscosity 14.4(100 ℃, mm)2S), oil content of 54.5%, melt point of 65.2 deg.C, and flash point of 210 deg.C. Preparing the emulsion explosive on a medium-low temperature sensitization emulsion explosive production line, and detecting the natural storage performance by reserving a sample, wherein the result is as follows:
| Time | detonation velocity (m/s) of emulsion explosive |
| Initial performance | 4762\4808\4762 |
| Naturally storing for 15 days | 4762\4762\4717 |
| Naturally storing for 30 days | 4717\4717\4717 |
| Naturally storing for 60 days | 4673\4630\4673 |
| Naturally storing for 180 days | 4587\4505\4505 |
Through the comparison of the five groups of tests, the conclusion can be drawn that: preparing an oil phase by adopting a coal-to-liquid intermediate product, a wax material, sp-80, a surfactant and the like according to a certain proportion, wherein each index of the oil phase meets a certain requirement, namely: the kinematic viscosity of the oil phase at 100 ℃ is 13-15 mm2And the explosion velocity performance index of the medium and low temperature sensitized emulsion explosive produced by the oil phase completely meets the requirement of the national standard when the oil content is 50-55%, the drop melting point is 62-66 ℃ and the flash point is more than 190 ℃, and the medium and low temperature sensitized emulsion explosive is obviously superior to the national standard and has better performance stability. The emulsion explosive has good fluidity and low viscosity, is easy to pump and meets the operation requirement of production equipment. The oil phase has the advantages of simple formula, easy preparation, high heat value, stable product performance, good safety performance, convenient use, low price and higher economic benefit.
Claims (5)
1. An oil phase for preparing a medium-low temperature sensitization process emulsion explosive by using a coal-to-liquid intermediate product is characterized in that the oil phase is prepared by mixing the coal-to-liquid intermediate product, a wax material, an sp-80 emulsifier and a high molecular surfactant in a weight ratio of 45-55:15-20:25-30:5-10 to generate a composite oil phase;
the indexes of the coal-to-liquids intermediate product are the kinematic viscosity at 100 ℃ of 8-12 mm/s, the density at 20 ℃ of 750-850kg/m, the condensation point of 0-10 ℃, the flash point of more than 170 ℃, the normal alkane content of more than or equal to 92%, the aromatic hydrocarbon content of less than or equal to 0.3%, and the sulfur content of less than or equal to 4.0 mg/kg;
the sp-80 emulsifier is generated by esterification of sorbitan and oleic acid under the condition of an alkaline catalyst, and the indexes of the sp-80 emulsifier are that the dynamic viscosity at 40 ℃ is as follows: 700-900mpa.s, acid value less than or equal to 5.0mgKOH/g, saponification value: 140-150 mgKOH/g, hydroxyl value: 200-240 mgKOH/g, suitable for W/O type emulsion emulsifier;
the kinematic viscosity at 100 ℃ of the oil phase is 13-15 mm/s, the oil content is 50-55%, the drop melting point is 62-66 ℃, and the flash point is more than 190 ℃;
the high molecular surfactant belongs to acid alcohol ester high molecular surfactants.
2. The oil phase for preparing the medium-low temperature sensitization process emulsion explosive by using the coal-to-liquid intermediate product according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the coal-to-liquid intermediate product consists of straight-chain hydrocarbon and oxygen-containing organic compounds.
3. The oil phase for preparing the medium-low temperature sensitization process emulsion explosive by using the coal-to-liquid intermediate product according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the coal-to-liquid intermediate product is a semi-finished product in the coal-to-liquid production process.
4. The oil phase for preparing the medium-low temperature sensitization process emulsion explosive by using the coal-to-liquid intermediate product according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the indexes of the coal-to-liquids intermediate product are 850kg/m high-pressure swing with 100 ℃ kinematic viscosity of 10.01 mm/s and 20 ℃ density of 750, the freezing point is 0-10 ℃, the flash point is more than 170 ℃, the normal alkane is more than or equal to 92%, the aromatic hydrocarbon content is less than or equal to 0.3%, and the sulfur content is less than or equal to 4.0 mg/kg.
5. The method for preparing the oil phase for the emulsion explosive by the medium-low temperature sensitization process of the coal-to-liquid intermediate product according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the preparation method comprises the steps of adding the coal-to-liquid intermediate product, the wax material, the sp-80 emulsifier and the high molecular surfactant into a mixing tank in a metering manner, heating, stirring and mixing for 40-70min, controlling the temperature to be 75 +/-5 ℃, and mixing to generate the oil phase.
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