CN110935890A - Turning method of high-precision spherical surface - Google Patents

Turning method of high-precision spherical surface Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110935890A
CN110935890A CN201911161744.0A CN201911161744A CN110935890A CN 110935890 A CN110935890 A CN 110935890A CN 201911161744 A CN201911161744 A CN 201911161744A CN 110935890 A CN110935890 A CN 110935890A
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Prior art keywords
point
spherical surface
tool
cutter
spherical
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Inventor
孙莉洁
刘勇
韩晓光
赵兴龙
刘凌云
高兵利
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AECC Aero Engine Xian Power Control Technology Co Ltd
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AECC Aero Engine Xian Power Control Technology Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B1/00—Methods for turning or working essentially requiring the use of turning-machines; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Milling Processes (AREA)
  • Numerical Control (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of machining, and relates to a turning method of a high-precision spherical surface, which comprises the following steps: 1) obtaining the point coordinate X of the initial point of the cutter on the spherical surface0(ii) a 2) Based on the influence of the arc radius r of the tool nose of the tool and the change of the cutting position of the tool on the diameter of the sphere, the point coordinate X of the initial point0Correcting to obtain the actual point coordinate X of the initial position of the cutter on the spherical surface; 3) starting the tool according to the actual point coordinate X to turn the starting point; 4) moving the cutter to a second position point, and repeating the steps 2) to 3) to turn the second position point; 5) and repeating the step 4) until the cutting of all spherical surface sites is completed. The invention provides a high-precision spherical surface turning method which can greatly improve the processing qualified rate, stabilize the processing quality of parts and has strong operability.

Description

Turning method of high-precision spherical surface
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of machining, relates to a turning method, and particularly relates to a turning method of a high-precision spherical surface.
Background
Referring to fig. 1, a spherical part (made of manganese brass material) of a certain part requires a surface profile degree of 0.005mm, and a grinding process cannot be adopted due to the limitation of the material used for the part. When spherical turning is carried out, three claws of a lathe are reversely positioned and clamped, the track of a numerical control programming tool is adopted as an arc, the profile tolerance of the machined back surface is 0.01-0.015, local manual polishing and repairing are carried out through repeated detection and polishing, the quality is unstable, and the qualification rate is only 20%. In addition, referring to fig. 2, after scanning the spherical surface by the stylus 360 °, the spherical surface was found to have a local depression. The reason is as follows: when the cutter contacts the spherical surface, the cutting position of the arc of the cutter point contacting the part is changed all the time, and when the cutter cuts to the top point of the spherical surface, the bottommost end of the cutter contacts the highest point of the part, the cutting depth at the position is the largest, so that the spherical surface is locally sunken, and the sunken position causes the over-tolerance of the profile of the whole spherical surface.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the background art, the invention provides the turning method of the high-precision spherical surface, which can greatly improve the processing qualified rate, stabilize the processing quality of parts and have strong operability.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a turning method of a high-precision spherical surface is characterized by comprising the following steps: the turning method of the high-precision spherical surface comprises the following steps:
1) obtaining the point coordinate X of the initial point of the cutter on the spherical surface0；
2) Based on the influence of the arc radius r of the tool nose of the tool and the change of the cutting position of the tool on the diameter of the ball, the point coordinate X of the initial point in the step 1)0Correcting to obtain the actual point coordinate X of the initial position of the cutter on the spherical surface;
3) turning the initial site by starting the tool according to the actual point coordinate X obtained in the step 2);
4) moving the cutter to a second position point, and repeating the steps 2) to 3) to turn the second position point;
5) and repeating the step 4) until the cutting of all spherical surface sites is completed.
Point coordinate X of the initiation site in the above step 1)0The specific acquisition mode is as follows:
Figure BDA0002285463520000011
wherein:
r is the sphere radius of the spherical part to be processed;
z is the projected distance of the contact point of the tool and the spherical part to be machined in the Z direction.
The specific implementation manner of the correction in the step 2) is as follows:
X＝X0－Δx
Δx＝r－r×cosα
Figure BDA0002285463520000021
wherein:
delta X is the projection distance between the contact point of the cutter and the part and the cutter point of the cutter in the X direction;
r is the arc radius of the tool nose of the tool;
α is the angle between the central line of the spherical part to be processed and the connecting line of the center of the arc of the tool nose and the central line of the spherical part to be processed;
r is the sphere radius of the spherical part to be processed;
z is the projected distance of the contact point of the tool and the spherical part to be machined in the Z direction.
The distance between the starting point and the second point along the z direction is Δ z; the Δ z is not greater than 0.1 mm.
The invention has the advantages that:
the invention provides a turning method of a high-precision spherical surface, which comprises the step of acquiring a point coordinate X of an initial point of a cutter on the spherical surface0(ii) a Based on the influence of the arc radius r of the tool nose of the tool and the change of the cutting position of the tool on the diameter of the sphere, the point coordinate X of the initial point0Correcting to obtain the actual point coordinate X of the initial position of the cutter on the spherical surface; starting the tool according to the actual point coordinate X to turn the starting point; movable knifeWhen the tool reaches the second position point, the steps are repeated to turn the second position point; and repeating the steps until the cutting of all spherical sites is completed. The invention skillfully introduces the idea of calculus, supposes the spherical surface of the part into a plurality of broken lines which are small enough to be connected, and generates the spherical surface after rotation, thereby optimizing the processing track and parameters of turning, solving the problem of size over-tolerance of the part, having simple process method and strong operability, greatly improving the processing qualification rate, stabilizing the processing quality of the part, and providing a new idea for high-precision spherical surface processing. The turning method provided by the invention is reliable, the optimization concept of the turning processing track is ingenious, the operation is simple, the surface profile precision of the spherical surface can be ensured, the processing efficiency is greatly improved, the manual polishing operation is eliminated, the contribution to the reliability, stability and consistency of the processing quality is great, the practicability is good, the popularization and the application are easy, the practical value is high, and the method can be used for processing components with the characteristics of high precision, no grinding, spherical surface and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view (in part) of a spherical part to be machined;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure at A in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of theoretical analysis of the turning method of high-precision spherical surfaces provided by the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an analysis of the contact point of the tool with the spherical part.
Detailed Description
The invention analyzes the spherical surface appearance scanned by the measuring needle, finds that the depressions are all positioned at the vertical direction of the spherical surface, and analyzes the following conclusion: when the cutter contacts the spherical surface, the cutting position of the arc of the cutter tip contacting the part is changed all the time, when the cutter cuts to the top point of the spherical surface, the bottommost end of the cutter contacts the highest point of the part, the cutting depth at the position is the largest, the spherical surface is locally sunken, and the overall surface profile tolerance of the spherical surface is out of tolerance due to the sunken position, so that the feed track of the turning tool needs to be locally adjusted, and the local adjustment cannot be realized when G03 is adopted for arc feeding, and the feed procedure of turning needs to be changed. The invention is skillfully introducedThe idea of calculus is to imagine the spherical surface of the part into a plurality of small enough broken lines to connect and generate the spherical surface after turning. And (4) obtaining point coordinates of the spherical surface at positions 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 … … (sequentially accumulated) away from the center of the sphere, namely turning the spherical surface through point programming. Since the cutting position at which the tip arc and the part are in contact with each other is constantly changing when the tool contacts the spherical surface, the influence of the tool tip r and the influence of the change in the cutting position of the tool on the diameter of the sphere should be taken into consideration when the point coordinates are obtained, and the calculation is performed as shown in fig. 3,
Figure BDA0002285463520000031
referring to fig. 4, the cutting should ideally be taken part in the cutting by the apex of the tool tip, but in actual machining, it is the side of the tip that is in contact with the part, thereby causing the tip to drop by Δ x during cutting. To return to the theoretical cutting edge cutting state, X is measured0And (5) correcting, namely moving the cutter downwards by a distance of delta X in the X direction to obtain the actual point position X.
X＝X0－Δx
Δx＝r－r×cosα
Figure BDA0002285463520000032
Delta X is the projection distance between the contact point of the cutter and the part and the cutter point of the cutter in the X direction;
r is the arc radius of the tool nose of the tool;
α is the angle between the central line of the spherical part to be processed and the connecting line of the center of the arc of the tool nose and the central line of the spherical part to be processed;
r is the sphere radius of the spherical part to be processed;
z is the projected distance of the contact point of the tool and the spherical part to be machined in the Z direction.
Based on the analysis, the invention provides a turning method of a high-precision spherical surface, which comprises the following steps:
1) obtaining the point coordinate X of the initial point of the cutter on the spherical surface0Concrete mode of acquisitionThe method comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002285463520000033
wherein:
r is the sphere radius of the spherical part to be processed;
z is the projection distance of the contact point of the cutter and the spherical part to be processed in the Z direction;
2) based on the influence of the arc radius r of the tool nose of the tool and the change of the cutting position of the tool on the diameter of the ball, the point coordinate X of the initial point in the step 1)0Correcting to obtain the actual point coordinate X of the initial position of the cutter on the spherical surface; the specific implementation manner of the correction is as follows:
X＝X0－Δx
Δx＝r－r×cosα
Figure BDA0002285463520000041
wherein:
delta X is the projection distance between the contact point of the cutter and the part and the cutter point of the cutter in the X direction;
r is the arc radius of the tool nose of the tool;
α is the angle between the central line of the spherical part to be processed and the connecting line of the center of the arc of the tool nose and the central line of the spherical part to be processed;
r is the sphere radius of the spherical part to be processed;
z is the projected distance of the contact point of the tool and the spherical part to be machined in the Z direction.
3) Turning the initial site by starting the tool according to the actual point coordinate X obtained in the step 2);
4) moving the cutter to a second position point, and repeating the steps 2) to 3) to turn the second position point;
5) and repeating the step 4) until the cutting of all spherical surface sites is completed.
To ensure higher spherical accuracy requirements, the distance along the z direction between the start and second positions is Δ z; Δ z is not greater than 0.1 mm.
For example: it is known that: the radius R of the sphere is 33mm, and the radius R of the tool nose is 0.2 mm.
When the distance z is 0.1 from the center of the sphere,
Figure BDA0002285463520000042
Figure BDA0002285463520000043
Δx＝r－r×cosα＝0.2－0.2×cos0.17362384＝9.18×10-7
X＝X0－Δx＝32.99984848－9.18×10-7＝32.99984756
and by analogy, the only Z value corresponds to the only X value, and when the Z value covers the Z direction of the whole spherical surface, the generatrix of the spherical surface is divided into countless sections of broken lines which are small enough, and the required spherical surface can be obtained by rotating. The surface profile of the spherical surface processed by the method is 0.004-0.005.
Machining a spherical surface by adopting a lathe; and (3) adopting the corrected (X, Z) point coordinates to carry out turning programming, carrying out spherical surface segmentation at intervals of 0.1mm in the Z direction, totally dividing into 309 segments, adopting a linear turning command G01 to carry out point location programming, using a finish turning tool with a tool nose arc of R0.2, setting the rotating speed of a main shaft to be 1500R/min, and setting the surface profile of the machined spherical surface to be 0.004 mm-0.005 mm.

Claims (4)

1. A turning method of a high-precision spherical surface is characterized by comprising the following steps: the turning method of the high-precision spherical surface comprises the following steps:
1) obtaining the point coordinate X of the initial point of the cutter on the spherical surface0；
2) Based on the influence of the arc radius r of the tool nose of the tool and the change of the cutting position of the tool on the diameter of the ball, the point coordinate X of the initial point in the step 1)0Correcting to obtain the actual point coordinate X of the initial position of the cutter on the spherical surface;
3) turning the initial site by starting the tool according to the actual point coordinate X obtained in the step 2);
4) moving the cutter to a second position point, and repeating the steps 2) to 3) to turn the second position point;
5) and repeating the step 4) until the cutting of all spherical surface sites is completed.
2. The turning method of the high-precision spherical surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: the point coordinate X of the starting point in the step 1)0The specific acquisition mode is as follows:
Figure FDA0002285463510000011
wherein:
r is the sphere radius of the spherical part to be processed;
z is the projected distance of the contact point of the tool and the spherical part to be machined in the Z direction.
3. The turning method of the high-precision spherical surface according to claim 2, characterized in that: the specific implementation manner of the correction in the step 2) is as follows:
X＝X0－Δx
Δx＝r－r×cosα
Figure FDA0002285463510000012
wherein:
delta X is the projection distance between the contact point of the cutter and the part and the cutter point of the cutter in the X direction;
r is the arc radius of the tool nose of the tool;
α is the angle between the central line of the spherical part to be processed and the connecting line of the center of the arc of the tool nose and the central line of the spherical part to be processed;
r is the sphere radius of the spherical part to be processed;
z is the projected distance of the contact point of the tool and the spherical part to be machined in the Z direction.
4. The turning method of the high-precision spherical surface according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: the distance between the starting point and the second point along the z direction is Δ z; the Δ z is not greater than 0.1 mm.
CN201911161744.0A 2019-11-22 2019-11-22 Turning method of high-precision spherical surface Pending CN110935890A (en)

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU1219256A1 (en) * 1984-01-09 1986-03-23 Специальное Конструкторское Бюро Алмазно-Расточных И Радиально-Сверлильных Станков Method of compensating for shape irregularities of articles of non-circular section in turning
JPH03239448A (en) * 1990-02-19 1991-10-25 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Machining burr preventing method in computer numerical control (cnc) machine tool
CN101187807A (en) * 2007-07-20 2008-05-28 天津大学 Diamond super precision lathe free curved surface processing path generation method
CN107942947A (en) * 2017-12-06 2018-04-20 中车大连机车车辆有限公司 Numerically-controlled machine tool circular arc machining prgraming method

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU1219256A1 (en) * 1984-01-09 1986-03-23 Специальное Конструкторское Бюро Алмазно-Расточных И Радиально-Сверлильных Станков Method of compensating for shape irregularities of articles of non-circular section in turning
JPH03239448A (en) * 1990-02-19 1991-10-25 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Machining burr preventing method in computer numerical control (cnc) machine tool
CN101187807A (en) * 2007-07-20 2008-05-28 天津大学 Diamond super precision lathe free curved surface processing path generation method
CN107942947A (en) * 2017-12-06 2018-04-20 中车大连机车车辆有限公司 Numerically-controlled machine tool circular arc machining prgraming method

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
刘文彦: ""数控车削加工中刀尖圆弧半径补偿的应用"", 《机电技术》 *
姚勇: ""高精度球体的车削加工"", 《机械工人冷加工》 *

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