CN110927866B - High gain rare earth doped germanate glass core composite glass fiber and device - Google Patents
High gain rare earth doped germanate glass core composite glass fiber and device Download PDFInfo
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- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical group O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- -1 rare earth ions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000004031 devitrification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000007500 overflow downdraw method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910015902 Bi 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910017493 Nd 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910005191 Ga 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910005793 GeO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910021193 La 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 claims 1
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Inorganic materials [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007496 glass forming Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005491 wire drawing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 32
- JYTUFVYWTIKZGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N holmium oxide Inorganic materials [O][Ho]O[Ho][O] JYTUFVYWTIKZGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- ZIKATJAYWZUJPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N thulium (III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Tm+3].[Tm+3] ZIKATJAYWZUJPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 11
- ZKATWMILCYLAPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium pentoxide Inorganic materials O=[Nb](=O)O[Nb](=O)=O ZKATWMILCYLAPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- WMWLMWRWZQELOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth(iii) oxide Chemical compound O=[Bi]O[Bi]=O WMWLMWRWZQELOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- FIXNOXLJNSSSLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Yb]O[Yb]=O FIXNOXLJNSSSLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- YBMRDBCBODYGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium oxide Inorganic materials O=[Ge]=O YBMRDBCBODYGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 7
- VQCBHWLJZDBHOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Er]O[Er]=O VQCBHWLJZDBHOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromium trioxide Chemical compound O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QZQVBEXLDFYHSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallium(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Ga]O[Ga]=O QZQVBEXLDFYHSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 description 4
- PLDDOISOJJCEMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nd+3].[Nd+3] PLDDOISOJJCEMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012681 fiber drawing Methods 0.000 description 3
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KTUFCUMIWABKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxolanthaniooxy)lanthanum Chemical compound O=[La]O[La]=O KTUFCUMIWABKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02395—Glass optical fibre with a protective coating, e.g. two layer polymer coating deposited directly on a silica cladding surface during fibre manufacture
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
- C03B37/02—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor
- C03B37/025—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor from reheated softened tubes, rods, fibres or filaments, e.g. drawing fibres from preforms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C13/00—Fibre or filament compositions
- C03C13/04—Fibre optics, e.g. core and clad fibre compositions
- C03C13/048—Silica-free oxide glass compositions
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
- H01S3/06708—Constructional details of the fibre, e.g. compositions, cross-section, shape or tapering
- H01S3/06716—Fibre compositions or doping with active elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/11—Mode locking; Q-switching; Other giant-pulse techniques, e.g. cavity dumping
- H01S3/1106—Mode locking
- H01S3/1112—Passive mode locking
- H01S3/1115—Passive mode locking using intracavity saturable absorbers
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Lasers (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种高增益的稀土掺杂锗酸盐玻璃芯复合玻璃光纤及器件。所述光纤的包层为石英玻璃，纤芯前驱体为高掺杂稀土离子的多组分锗酸盐玻璃，采用纤芯熔融法制备复合玻璃光纤，所得复合玻璃光纤无析晶，在2μm波段的最大单位增益＞2.5dB/cm，且具有优异的机械性能，易与标准的石英光纤熔接。本发明还提供了基于此复合玻璃光纤构建的全光纤的2μm波段单频光纤激光器和锁模光纤激光器。
The invention relates to a high-gain rare earth doped germanate glass core composite glass optical fiber and a device. The cladding layer of the optical fiber is quartz glass, the core precursor is multi-component germanate glass highly doped with rare earth ions, the composite glass optical fiber is prepared by the core fusion method, and the obtained composite glass optical fiber has no devitrification and has a wavelength of 2 μm. The maximum unit gain is >2.5dB/cm, and it has excellent mechanical properties, and is easy to be fused with standard silica fiber. The invention also provides an all-fiber 2μm-band single-frequency fiber laser and a mode-locked fiber laser constructed based on the composite glass fiber.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of optical fibers and optical fiber lasers, in particular to a high-gain rare earth doped germanate glass core composite glass optical fiber and a device.
Background
The 2-micron-band laser is positioned in a human eye-safe wavelength range and is positioned in a low-loss window of atmospheric light transmission, comprises a water absorption peak near 1940nm, and has important application values in many fields such as laser radar, laser detection, laser medical treatment, environmental monitoring and the like. In addition, 2 μm band lasers are also ideal pump sources for mid-infrared lasers (3-5 μm). At present, a 2 μm band fiber laser has become one of the hot spots in the field of laser technology research.
The rare earth ions generating 2 mu m wave band luminescence mainly have Tm3+And Ho3+By dissolving a high concentration of Tm in the glass3+And/or Ho3+And then the high-gain 2-micron optical fiber is prepared, and is the core material of the 2-micron waveband optical fiber laser. Quartz glass has an inherent phase separation region with low solubility of rare earth ions (typically less than 2 wt.%), resulting in a low gain coefficient (typically ≦ 1dB/cm) in the 2 μm band. And multicomponent glass has high solubility of rare earth ions and is commonly used to make high gain optical fibers. Among them, germanate glass has high infrared transmission performance and lower phonon energy, and is an ideal medium infrared fiber laser matrix material. Especially for infrared transmission window materialsBarium gallium germanium glass (BaO-Ga) of material2O3-GeO2) Has already achieved practical application in military and civil fields. However, germanate glass is easy to crystallize, and particularly when the traditional tube-rod method is adopted for drawing, the fiber core glass is easy to crystallize after two hot drawing processes, so that the loss of the optical fiber is large, and the gain of the optical fiber is reduced. In addition, the difference between the softening temperature of germanate glass and the softening temperature of quartz glass is large, so that the germanate glass fiber is difficult to be welded with a standard quartz fiber, the full-fiber of a fiber laser is not facilitated, and the stability, the slope efficiency, the output power and the like of the laser can be reduced.
The core fusion method is a method in which when the cladding glass starts to be drawn, the core is in a molten state and rapidly cooled to room temperature along with the drawing of the cladding glass, and it is required that the cladding glass have excellent hot-drawing properties and optical properties. The fiber core melting method is a widely applicable technology for preparing composite glass optical fibers, and composite glass optical fibers such as metal-glass composite optical fibers, semiconductor-glass composite optical fibers, glass-glass composite optical fibers, precursor optical fibers of nanocrystal-glass composite optical fibers, metal-glass-semiconductor photoelectric optical fibers and the like are successfully prepared by the technology. But the report of preparing the high rare earth-doped germanate glass core composite glass fiber and device by adopting a fiber core melting method is not seen.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, the present invention aims to provide a high-gain rare earth doped germanate glass core composite glass fiber which does not cause devitrification, has excellent mechanical properties, can be fused with a standard quartz fiber, has high unit gain (the maximum unit gain is more than 2.5dB/cm) in a 2 μm band, and simultaneously provides a device constructed based on the composite glass fiber, specifically a full-fiber single-frequency fiber laser and a mode-locked fiber laser.
The specific technical scheme is as follows:
a high-gain rare earth doped germanate glass core composite glass fiber is characterized in that a cladding layer is made of quartz glass, a fiber core precursor is multi-component germanate glass doped with rare earth ions, the composite glass fiber is prepared by a fiber core melting method, the obtained composite glass fiber has no crystallization, and the maximum unit gain in a 2 mu m wave band is more than 2.5 dB/cm.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a device constructed on the basis of the composite glass optical fiber as described above.
It is another object of the present invention to provide an all-fiber single-frequency fiber laser constructed based on the composite glass fiber as described above.
It is another object of the present invention to provide an all-fiber mode-locked fiber laser constructed based on the composite glass fiber as described above.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the composite glass optical fiber is prepared by adopting a fiber core melting method, and the fiber core precursor is high-doped rare earth ion germanate glass, so that high-efficiency 2-micron-band luminescence can be realized; the cladding is made of quartz glass, has excellent hot drawing characteristics and optical performance, and can ensure that germanate glass is in a molten state during drawing. Therefore, the problem that germanate glass is easy to crystallize when the optical fiber is drawn by adopting a traditional tube-rod method can be solved by adopting a fiber core melting method, and the prepared composite glass optical fiber has high unit gain in a 2 mu m wave band and can be welded with a standard quartz optical fiber. The single-frequency fiber laser module can be used for constructing a linear short cavity of an all-fiber, and respectively realizes the output of 2-micron-band single-frequency fiber laser and mode-locked fiber laser, the power of the directly output 2-micron-band single-frequency laser is more than 100mW, and the slope efficiency is more than 20%; the repetition frequency of the directly output mode-locked laser with 2 mu m wave band is more than 25MHz, and the pulse width is less than 100 ps.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of an optical path of an all-fiber single-frequency fiber laser constructed based on a prepared composite glass fiber in example 1;
fig. 2 is a diagram of the optical path of an all-fiber mode-locked fiber laser constructed based on the prepared composite glass fiber in example 1.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings by way of example, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, and process parameters not specifically described may be performed with reference to the conventional art.
The embodiment of the invention provides a high-gain rare earth doped germanate glass core composite glass fiber, wherein a cladding layer is made of quartz glass, a fiber core precursor is multi-component germanate glass highly doped with rare earth ions, the fiber core is prepared by a fiber core melting method, the obtained composite glass fiber has no crystallization, and the maximum unit gain in a 2 mu m wave band is more than 2.5 dB/cm.
Further, the multicomponent germanate glass highly doped with rare earth ions is prepared by a melting-annealing method, then is cold-processed into a thin rod shape by a machine, is used as the fiber core precursor after being physically and chemically polished, is assembled with the quartz glass tube into an optical fiber preform, and is drawn to obtain the composite glass optical fiber.
Further, in the drawing process of the composite glass optical fiber, the drawing furnace is firstly heated to 1500-1700 ℃, then the optical fiber perform is placed in the drawing furnace, the temperature is raised to 1800-2000 ℃ at the speed of 20-30 ℃/min, the optical fiber perform is rapidly drawn at the speed of 200-400 m/min, and the optical fiber perform is vacuumized in the drawing process. Because the softening temperatures of germanate glass and quartz glass are greatly different, the drawing process is reasonably controlled, the optical fiber preform is drawn at low temperature quickly, and the retention time of the optical fiber preform in a high-temperature area is reduced, so that the diffusion of cladding elements into a fiber core in the drawing process is effectively controlled, and the fiber core is prevented from deforming.
Further, in the drawing process of the composite glass optical fiber, the drawing furnace is firstly heated to 1580-1620 ℃, then the optical fiber preform is placed in the drawing furnace, the temperature is increased to 1880-1920 ℃ at the speed of 24-26 ℃/min, the drawing is rapidly carried out at the speed of 280-320 m/min, and the optical fiber preform is vacuumized in the drawing process.
Further, the multicomponent germanate glass includes an oxide component and an oxide component of a rare earth ion; the oxide component comprises BaO and Ga2O3And GeO2And La2O3And/or Nb2O5The physical and chemical properties of the glass are adjusted; the oxide component of the rare earth ion is Tm2O3、Tm2O3/Yb2O3、Tm2O3/Ho2O3、Ho2O3/Yb2O3、Er2O3/Tm2O3、Er2O3/Ho2O3、Nd2O3/Ho2O3、Bi2O3/Tm2O3、Bi2O3/Ho2O3、Nd2O3/Ho2O3/Yb2O3、Tm2O3/Ho2O3/Yb2O3、Cr2O3/Tm2O3/Ho2O3、Er2O3/Tm2O3/Ho2O3Any one of the above.
Further, in the multi-component germanate glass, the proportion of the oxide component of the rare earth ions in the oxide component is more than 5 wt.%, and the highly doped rare earth luminescent ions are a precondition for realizing high gain, which is also a doping concentration requirement of the aforementioned "highly doped". Other active ions are equally suitable, such as Yb for 1 μm band lasers3+And Nd3+Er for 1.5 mu m wave band laser3+Main group metal elements Bi and Te for near-infrared broadband luminescence, and transition metal elements Cr, Ni and Mn.
Further, the oxide component includes at least Nb2O5，Nb2O5The proportion of the oxide component is 2.5-7.5 wt.%. By adding Nb2O5The proportion of non-bridge oxygen and bridge oxygen in the matrix glass is controlled to regulate and control the network structure of the glass, so that the solubility and the dispersibility of rare earth ions in the matrix glass are improved, and high-efficiency luminescence is realized.
Furthermore, the preparation method of the high-gain rare earth doped germanate glass core composite glass optical fiber comprises the following steps:
(1) melting the bulk rare earth doped germanate glass by adopting a traditional melting-annealing method, and weighing oxide component raw material BaCO according to a proportion3、Ga2O3And GeO2And adding La2O3And/or Nb2O5And an oxide component Tm of rare earth ion2O3、Tm2O3/Yb2O3、Tm2O3/Ho2O3、Ho2O3/Yb2O3、Er2O3/Tm2O3、Er2O3/Ho2O3、Nd2O3/Ho2O3、Bi2O3/Tm2O3、Bi2O3/Ho2O3、Nd2O3/Ho2O3/Yb2O3、Tm2O3/Ho2O3/Yb2O3、Cr2O3/Tm2O3/Ho2O3、Er2O3/Tm2O3/Ho2O3Any one of the components is uniformly mixed, added into a crucible, placed in a high-temperature furnace for melting, and precisely annealed after molding to obtain bulk high-doped rare earth germanate glass;
(2) processing the large block of highly doped rare earth germanate glass into a thin glass rod by adopting a mechanical cold processing method, and assembling the thin glass rod and a quartz glass tube into an optical fiber perform after physical and chemical polishing;
(3) the assembled optical fiber preform was hung on a commercial optical fiber drawing tower, and a composite glass optical fiber was drawn according to the drawing process as described above.
Furthermore, a 'reaction atmosphere method' is adopted in the melting process in the step (1) to remove water.
Still further, the crucible in step (1) is a platinum crucible; and/or the melting temperature is 1300-1500 ℃, and the time is 3-7 h.
Further, in the melting process in the step (1), the platinum crucible is replaced by an alumina crucible when the water is removed.
Furthermore, the diameter of the glass thin rod in the step (2) is 3-5 mm.
Still further, one end of the quartz glass tube is closed in the step (2).
Furthermore, in the drawing process in the step (3), the optical fiber preform is vacuumized, so that air in the core package is reduced, and a negative pressure environment can be provided for the fiber core, so as to ensure that the fiber core has good circularity and continuity.
Embodiments of the present invention also provide a device whose components include a high gain rare earth doped germanate glass core composite glass optical fiber as described above. Further, the device is a laser device.
Specifically, an embodiment of the present invention provides an all-fiber single-frequency fiber laser, the components of which include the high-gain rare-earth-doped germanate glass core composite glass fiber, the fiber grating, the Wavelength Division Multiplexer (WDM), the resonant cavity and the isolator;
the two ends of the composite glass fiber are respectively welded with the fiber bragg gratings to form a linear short cavity, pumping light enters the resonant cavity from the low-reflection fiber bragg gratings after passing through the Wavelength Division Multiplexer (WDM), photons generated by stimulated radiation pass through the Wavelength Division Multiplexer (WDM) after being continuously oscillated and amplified by the resonant cavity, and 2 mu m waveband single-frequency laser is output through the isolator.
Understandably, the fiber grating comprises a low-reflection fiber grating and a high-reflection fiber grating; the low reflection means that the reflectivity to the central wavelength is low, generally 40-85%, and the high reflection means that the reflectivity to the central wavelength is high, generally more than 99%.
Furthermore, the power of the single-frequency laser of 2 μm waveband directly output by the all-fiber single-frequency fiber laser is more than 100mW, and the slope efficiency is more than 20%.
Another embodiment of the present invention provides an all-fiber mode-locked fiber laser, the components of which include the high-gain rare-earth doped germanate glass core composite glass fiber as described above, a narrow-band grating, a saturable absorber, a Wavelength Division Multiplexer (WDM), and a resonant cavity;
one end of the composite glass fiber is welded with the narrow-band grating, the other end of the composite glass fiber is tightly attached to the saturable absorber to form a linear short cavity, the pumping light enters the resonant cavity from the narrow-band grating end after passing through the Wavelength Division Multiplexer (WDM), and the photons generated by the stimulated radiation are output after passing through the Wavelength Division Multiplexer (WDM) after being continuously oscillated and amplified by the resonant cavity to generate 2 mu m wave band mode-locked laser.
It is understood that the "narrow band" of the narrow band grating means that the bandwidth of the fiber grating is narrow, and the 3dB bandwidth is less than or equal to 0.1 nm.
Furthermore, the repetition frequency of the mode-locked laser of 2 μm waveband directly output by the all-fiber mode-locked fiber laser is more than 25MHz, and the pulse width is less than 100 ps.
Specific examples are as follows.
Example 1
The embodiment is a high-gain rare earth doped germanate glass core composite glass fiber and a device.
Preparing gain optical fiber
(1) Melting the bulk rare earth doped germanate glass by adopting a traditional melting-annealing method, and weighing a high-purity (more than or equal to 99.99 percent) raw material BaCO according to a proportion3、Ga2O3、GeO2、Nb2O5And rare earth oxide Tm2O3Wherein Tm is2O3The ratio of the raw material of glass oxide is 6 wt.%, and Nb is2O5The glass oxide raw material accounts for 7.5 wt%, the mixture is uniformly mixed, added into a platinum crucible, melted at 1400 ℃ for 5 hours, and precisely annealed after molding to obtain bulk high-doped rare earth germanate glass;
(2) processing the large block of the highly doped rare earth germanate glass into a thin glass rod by adopting a mechanical cold processing method, wherein the diameter of the thin rod is 3mm, and assembling the thin rod and a quartz glass tube into an optical fiber perform after physical and chemical polishing;
(3) and hanging the assembled optical fiber preform on a commercial optical fiber drawing tower, and drawing the composite glass optical fiber according to a preset temperature rising system. The drawing furnace is firstly heated to 1600 ℃, then the prefabricated rod is lowered to be in a high-temperature area, then the temperature is raised to 1900 ℃ at the speed of 25 ℃/min, the fiber is rapidly drawn at the speed of 300m/min, and the optical fiber prefabricated rod is vacuumized in the drawing process. The prepared composite glass fiber has no crystallization, and the unit gain at 1950nm is 3.8 dB/cm.
(II) constructing a fiber laser
Constructing an all-fiber single-frequency fiber laser based on the composite glass fiber prepared in the step one, wherein an optical path diagram is shown in figure 1, 11 is a 1568nm pump source, 12 is 1550/1950 WDM, 13 is a low-reflection fiber grating, 14 is the composite glass fiber prepared in the step one, 15 is a high-reflection fiber grating (the reflectivity at 1950nm is 99.9%), 16 is a 1950nm isolator, and 17 is a laser output end; the two ends of the composite glass fiber are respectively welded with the fiber gratings to form a linear short cavity, 1568nm pump light enters the resonant cavity from the fiber grating with low reflection (the reflectivity at 1950nm is 50%) after passing through 1550/1950 WDM, 1950nm single-frequency laser generated after photons generated by stimulated radiation are continuously oscillated and amplified by the resonant cavity passes through 1550/1950 WDM and then is output by a 1950nm isolator, the power of the 1950nm single-frequency laser directly output is 230mW, and the slope efficiency is 35%;
constructing an all-fiber mode-locked fiber laser based on the composite glass fiber prepared in the step one, wherein an optical path diagram is shown in figure 2, wherein 21 is a 1568nm pump source, 22 is 1550/1950 WDM, 23 is a narrow-band grating, 24 is the composite glass fiber prepared in the step one, 25 is a standard quartz fiber, 26 is a saturable absorber, and 27 is a mode-locked laser output end; one end of the composite glass fiber is welded with a narrow-band grating (the reflectivity at 1950nm is 50%, the 3dB bandwidth is 0.09nm), and the other end is tightly attached to a saturable absorber (the modulation depth is 12%, the recovery time is 10ps, and the saturation integral flux is 65 muJ/cm2The unsaturated reflectance and group delay dispersion at 1950nm were 86% and 890fs, respectively2) The 1568nm pump light enters the resonant cavity from the fiber grating end after passing through 1550/1950 WDM, the photons generated by the excited radiation are continuously oscillated and amplified by the resonant cavity to generate 1950nm mode-locked laser light, which is then transmitted through 1550/1950 WDM to form a linear short cavityThe repetition frequency of the directly output 1950nm mode-locked laser is 125MHz, and the pulse width is 88 ps.
Example 2
The embodiment is a high-gain rare earth doped germanate glass core composite glass fiber and a device.
Preparing gain optical fiber
(1) Melting the bulk rare earth doped germanate glass by adopting a traditional melting-annealing method, and weighing a high-purity (more than or equal to 99.99 percent) raw material BaCO according to a proportion3、Ga2O3、GeO2、La2O3、Nb2O5And rare earth oxide Tm2O3And Ho2O3Wherein Tm is2O3And Ho2O35 and 7.5 wt.% of the glass oxide raw material, and Nb2O5The glass oxide raw material accounts for 2.5 wt%, the mixture is uniformly mixed, added into a platinum crucible, melted at 1400 ℃ for 5 hours, and precisely annealed after molding to obtain bulk high-doped rare earth germanate glass;
(2) processing the large block of the highly doped rare earth germanate glass into a thin glass rod by adopting a mechanical cold processing method, wherein the diameter of the thin rod is 5mm, and assembling the thin rod and a quartz glass tube into an optical fiber perform after physical and chemical polishing;
(3) and hanging the assembled optical fiber preform on a commercial optical fiber drawing tower, and drawing the composite glass optical fiber according to a preset temperature rising system. The drawing furnace is firstly heated to 1600 ℃, then the prefabricated rod is lowered to be in a high-temperature area, then the temperature is raised to 1900 ℃ at the speed of 25 ℃/min, the fiber is rapidly drawn at the speed of 300m/min, and the optical fiber prefabricated rod is vacuumized in the drawing process. The prepared composite glass fiber has no crystallization, and the unit gain at 2050nm is 4 dB/cm.
(II) constructing a fiber laser
Constructing an all-fiber single-frequency fiber laser based on the composite glass fiber prepared in the step one: the two ends of the composite glass fiber are respectively welded with the fiber gratings to form a linear short cavity, 1570nm pump light enters the resonant cavity from the low-reflection (the reflectivity at 2050nm is 70%) fiber gratings after passing through 1550/2050 WDM, 2050nm single-frequency laser light generated after photons generated by stimulated radiation are continuously oscillated and amplified by the resonant cavity is output through 1550/2050 WDM and 2050nm isolator, the power of the directly output 2050nm single-frequency laser light is 300mW, and the slope efficiency is 36%;
constructing an all-fiber mode-locked fiber laser based on the prepared composite glass fiber: one end of the composite glass fiber is welded with a narrow-band grating (the reflectivity at 2050nm is 70%, the 3dB bandwidth is 0.09nm), the other end is tightly attached to a saturable absorber (the modulation depth is 10%, the recovery time is 12ps, and the saturation integral flux is 70 muJ/cm2The unsaturated reflectance and the group delay dispersion at 2050nm were 88% and 870fs, respectively2) The 1570nm pump light enters the resonant cavity from the fiber grating end after passing through 1550/2050 WDM, the photons generated by the excited radiation are output after passing through 1550/2050 WDM which generates 2050nm mode-locked laser after continuously oscillating and amplifying through the resonant cavity, the repetition frequency of the 2050nm mode-locked laser which is directly output is 225MHz, and the pulse width is 76 ps.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
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