CN217903673U - 3-5 micron femtosecond optical fiber amplifier based on red-shift Raman solitons - Google Patents
3-5 micron femtosecond optical fiber amplifier based on red-shift Raman solitons Download PDFInfo
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- CN217903673U CN217903673U CN202221183978.2U CN202221183978U CN217903673U CN 217903673 U CN217903673 U CN 217903673U CN 202221183978 U CN202221183978 U CN 202221183978U CN 217903673 U CN217903673 U CN 217903673U
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Abstract
A3-5 micron femtosecond fiber amplifier based on red shift Raman solitons belongs to the field of mid-infrared fiber lasers. Rely on space solid optical device in the present intermediate infrared femto second optical fiber amplifier technique, the not enough of full fiber structure is realized completely, it is complicated to solve the signal source acquisition route, the system is huge, problem with high costs, the utility model discloses a soliton self frequency shift effect among the excitation soft glass fiber obtains the femto second pulse laser in the 3-5 mu m wave band as seed light source, enlargies in the rare earth ion doping soft glass gain fiber of excitation behind the infrared beam combiner in based on the side pumping, spectrum and time breathing can produce extreme time domain compression and wideer spectrum, exports high-energy intermediate infrared femto second pulse laser in compact structure's full fiber amplifier, fills the femto second laser wavelength that the experiment obtained in the optical fiber amplifier and is at the wave band more than 3 mu m, can enlarge the application of high-energy intermediate infrared blank femto second pulse in a plurality of fields and extreme environment.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to well infrared fiber laser field especially relates to 3-5 micron femto second optical fiber amplifier based on red-shift raman soliton.
Background
The wave band of 3-5 μm corresponds to the transmission window with minimum attenuation in the atmosphere, the 'molecular fingerprint' spectral region and the response wavelength of most military infrared detectors are covered, and the intermediate infrared femtosecond pulse laser with ultra-short pulse width and ultra-high peak power has distinct application requirements in various fields such as environmental sensing, national defense and military, biomedical treatment and the like. Especially, in the applications of laser and biological tissue interaction, infrared missile blindness, as a pump light source generated by middle and far infrared tuning laser and the like, higher requirements are put forward on the pulse energy and the structural compactness of the femtosecond laser. Rare earth ion doping (Er) 3+ 、Ho 3+ 、Dy 3 + 、Pr 3+ Etc.) have been developed intensively and rapidly in recent years, and mid-infrared fiber amplifiers based on rare earth ions have become a technical means for remarkably improving the peak power and pulse energy of laser.
In a 3-5 mu m wave band, the traditional quartz optical fiber has extremely large laser transmission loss caused by a phonon-assisted non-radiative relaxation process, and cannot be used for transmission and gain of the wave band. In recent years, mid-infrared soft glass fibers represented by tellurate, fluoride and chalcogenide glass have a wide infrared transmission window and low phonon energy, and provide good fiber materials for mid-infrared fiber lasers. Since such optical fibers are rapidly developed and have short development time, the development of laser devices based on such optical fibers is relatively delayed. At present, a 3-5 mu m wave band femtosecond optical fiber amplifier is mainly built by a rare earth ion doped gain optical fiber, a passive optical fiber and various solid optical elements, and the structure comprises a signal source and an optical fiber amplifier. The mainstream signal light source is an optical fiber mode-locked oscillator, and in addition, an optical parametric amplification light source (OPA) and a femtosecond light source generated based on a soliton self-frequency shift (SSFS) effect are also successively used as seed lasers.
In one of the prior art, as shown in fig. 1, a femtosecond fiber amplifier experimental structure diagram based on mode-locked laser seeds is provided, a signal source is an NPR mode-locked oscillator, an oscillation cavity is composed of an NPR mode-locked regulation system composed of erbium-doped fluoride fiber, a coupling lens, a plane cavity mirror, a germanium rod, a half-wave plate, an isolator and a quarter-wave plate, and pump laser injection and mode-locked laser output are realized through a dichroic mirror. And the dispersion is regulated and controlled by a germanium rod in the oscillation cavity, so that the pulse laser output of 158mW and 188fs is obtained, and the pulse energy is 4.2nJ under the repetition frequency of 37.7 MHz. The signal pulse is subjected to frequency reduction to 100kHz through a pulse selector and is injected into a fluoride amplification cavity, the amplification cavity consists of a reverse pumping source and a gain optical fiber, the injection of pumping laser and the output of amplified laser are realized through a dichroic mirror, and the coupling of the laser among the optical fibers is realized through a lens. An isolator is inserted between a signal light source and an optical fiber amplifier to prevent laser feedback, and a germanium rod is inserted to perform dispersion regulation. Finally, 2.8-micron ultrashort pulse laser output with 2MW, 101nJ pulse energy and 49fs is realized in a fluoride amplifier.
The disadvantages of this prior art include:
1. the system uses a large number of space optical devices for building the laser cavity, loses the structural advantages of the optical fiber laser, has large and complex volume and influences the stability of the system; in order to realize mode locking, all components in the cavity must have a wide enough bandwidth, and very high requirements are imposed on the material and coating technology of the optical device; the loss in the laser cavity is increased by a large number of optical devices, and the system efficiency is influenced;
2. in the middle infrared band, along with the red shift of the wavelength, the difficulty of film coating technology and optical device preparation is increased, the difficulty of building a laser oscillator and an amplifier is improved, and the current mode-locked oscillator with the wavelength of more than 3.5 mu m is not reported, so that the research and development of a long-wavelength femtosecond optical fiber amplifier are limited;
3. the system is an open laser resonant cavity and is affected by absorption of impurities such as water molecules, technical maintenance needs to be provided for improving the efficiency and the long-term operation stability of the system, a low-temperature and dry inert environment is kept for a laser, the complexity of the system and the difficulty of operation are increased, and the cost is increased.
In the second scheme of the prior art, optical parametric amplification laser is used as a signal source and injected into an optical fiber amplifier in a lens coupling mode to realize energy amplification (OPCPA). The OPA light source can obtain a signal light source with flexible wavelength, but the problem of clock jitter exists because the phase matching angle of the crystal needs to be optimized, the obtaining way is complex, the system is huge, the operation is difficult, the cost is high, the method is not suitable for being popularized in a large range in multiple fields, and the application of the mid-infrared femtosecond pulse in the multiple fields is limited.
In a third scheme in the prior art, tunable mid-infrared femtosecond pulse laser is obtained based on the SSFS effect, and is injected into the fiber amplifier in a lens coupling manner, and injection of amplifier pump laser and output of amplified laser are realized through a dichroic mirror, so that amplification of mid-infrared femtosecond pulse is realized. Research shows that the SSFS effect generated in the intermediate infrared soft glass fiber can enable the ultrafast laser wavelength to break through 4.5 mu m, and the possibility of obtaining optical solitons with the wavelength of more than 4.5 mu m in the chalcogenide fiber is proved by O.bang et al, the university of Denmark science and technology, in a broad spectrum experiment based on the chalcogenide fiber.
However, the prior art has the following disadvantages:
1. directly amplifying pulses with a certain bandwidth generally results in a gain narrowing effect in a fiber amplifier with limited gain bandwidth, significantly limiting the maximum spectral width.
2. Due to the design of a space structure, the whole structure is complex, the loss in the signal light transmission process is large, the threshold value of spontaneous emission Amplification (ASE) is low, and the improvement of the output power of the intermediate infrared femtosecond optical fiber amplifier is limited.
In summary, the development of the mid-infrared femtosecond fiber amplifier technology is relatively delayed, and although some progress has been made by some international known scientific research institutions, there are two obvious disadvantages: the all-fiber structure of the intermediate infrared femtosecond fiber laser amplifier is not realized, the amplifier is mainly built by depending on a space structure device, the signal source obtaining way is complex, the system is huge, the operation is difficult, the cost is higher, and the all-fiber structure is not suitable for being popularized in a large range in a plurality of fields; the wavelength of femtosecond laser obtained by experiments in the optical fiber amplifier is below 3 mu m, and is basically blank in a longer wave band, so that the application of high-power intermediate infrared femtosecond pulse in the specific wavelength field is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the utility model provides a 3-5 micron femtosecond fiber amplifier based on the bathochromic Raman solitons, which is an amplifier with a full fiber structure and 3-5 mu m femtosecond laser.
The utility model discloses a realize through following technical scheme: 3-5 micron femtosecond fiber amplifier based on red shift Raman solitons comprises: the device comprises an ultrashort pulse laser (1), a nonlinear soft glass fiber (2), a positive dispersion soft glass fiber (3), a rare earth ion doped gain fiber (4), a mid-infrared side-pumped fiber combiner (5), a fiber end cap (6) and a semiconductor laser (7).
The output end of the ultrashort pulse laser (1) is welded with the nonlinear soft glass fiber (2), soliton self-frequency shift effect is excited in the nonlinear soft glass fiber (2) to obtain Raman solitons with femtosecond-level pulse width as a signal light source of a 3-5 micron femtosecond fiber amplifier based on the red-shift Raman solitons, and the wavelength of the Raman solitons is located in a 3-5 mu m wave band. The output end of the nonlinear soft glass fiber (2) is welded with the positive dispersion soft glass fiber (3), the output end of the positive dispersion soft glass fiber (3) is welded with the input end of the rare earth ion doped gain fiber (4), the output end of the rare earth ion doped gain fiber (4) is welded with the mid-infrared side pumped fiber combiner (5), the semiconductor laser (7) is welded with the pumped fiber of the mid-infrared side pumped fiber combiner (5), and the pumped light source provided by the semiconductor laser (7) is injected into the 3-5 micron femtosecond fiber amplifier based on the red-shifted Raman solitons through the mid-infrared side pumped fiber combiner (5). The tail end of the mid-infrared side pumping optical fiber combiner (5) is welded with an optical fiber end cap (6) for protection. The net dispersion in the laser cavity is within the range of +/-0.01 ps/(km nm) by controlling the length of the optical fiber of the amplifier, and laser pulses are output after being self-compressed at the output end of the rare earth ion doped gain optical fiber (4). The whole 3-5 micron femtosecond fiber amplifier based on the red-shift Raman solitons carries out low-temperature control through a cooling device, and the temperature is controlled below 8 ℃.
Furthermore, the ultrashort pulse laser (1) refers to a pulse laser with the central wavelength of 1975nm, the pulse width of less than 10ps, the peak power of more than 20kW and the repetition frequency of 1kHz-200MHz.
Further, the wavelength of the Raman soliton with the femtosecond-magnitude pulse width is within a wave band of 3-5 μm, the femtosecond-magnitude pulse width is 20fs-500fs, and the repetition frequency is 1kHz-200MHz.
Furthermore, the positive dispersion soft glass optical fiber (3) is made into a chalcogenide optical fiber and has a centimeter-level length; the nonlinear coefficient gamma of the positive dispersion soft glass fiber (3) 3 Nonlinear coefficient gamma of the nonlinear soft glass optical fiber (2) 2 Small, gamma 3 ≤0.8×γ 2 。
Further, the matrix material of the rare earth ion doped gain fiber (4) is a fluoride fiber or a chalcogenide fiber; the doping ions of the rare earth ion doped gain fiber (4) are Er 3+ 、Ho 3+ 、Dy 3+ 、Pr 3+ One or more of them, the partial energy level transition diagram is shown in fig. 3, the emission wavelength of the doping ion corresponds to the central wavelength of the 3-5 micron femtosecond optical fiber amplifier based on the red shift Raman soliton; the diameter of the core of the rare earth ion doped gain fiber (4) is more than 20 mu m.
Furthermore, the mid-infrared side-pumped optical fiber combiner (3) is prepared at the output end of the rare-earth ion-doped gain optical fiber (4) by adopting a fused cone method or a side grinding and polishing method.
The utility model discloses beneficial effect as follows:
in a 3-5 micron femtosecond fiber amplifier based on red shift Raman solitons, femtosecond pulse laser in a 3-5 micron waveband is obtained by exciting a soliton self-frequency shift effect in a middle infrared waveband soft glass fiber and is used as a seed light source, net dispersion in a laser cavity is optimized by using a positive dispersion soft glass fiber, amplification is carried out in a rare earth ion doped soft glass gain fiber, high-energy pulse after gradual amplification is gained in the rare earth ion doped soft glass gain fiber, and simultaneously, the spectrum and time respiration can generate extreme time domain compression and wider spectrum, and the high-energy middle infrared femtosecond pulse laser is output. The red-shifted Raman soliton pulse is used as seed laser, so that the problem that 3-5 mu m waveband femtosecond pulse laser in the optical fiber laser is difficult to obtain is effectively solved; the pulse width of the femtosecond laser before the stretching and amplification of the positive dispersion soft glass optical fiber is adopted, the gain narrowing effect in the amplifier is effectively inhibited, and the net dispersion amount in the optimized cavity directly obtains femtosecond pulse output under the self-compression effect of the amplifier; by adopting a backward pumping mode, the generation of high-order nonlinear effect of the ultrashort pulse laser in the amplification process can be effectively slowed down, and the pulse energy is improved on the premise of ensuring the shape of the laser pulse; the seed pulse obtaining mode, the pumping coupling mode, the pulse compression mode and the use of the all-soft glass fiber ensure the all-fiber structure of the laser amplifier, stable high-energy femtosecond pulse laser is output in the all-fiber femtosecond amplifier with compact structure, the problems of difficult obtaining, complex assembly and the like of the femtosecond amplifier with the wave band of 3-5 mu m are efficiently and quickly solved, the advantages of the fiber laser are fully exerted, the ASE threshold value is improved, the gain narrowing effect is inhibited, and the laser output of the femtosecond fiber amplifier is effectively improved.
The above-mentioned aspects of the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. This should not be understood as limiting the scope of the above-described subject matter of the present invention to the following examples only. Various substitutions and alterations according to the general technical knowledge and conventional means in the field are included in the scope of the present invention without departing from the technical idea of the present invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of an experimental structure of a femtosecond fiber amplifier based on mode-locked laser seed in the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a system frame diagram of a 3-5 μm femtosecond fiber amplifier based on red-shifted Raman solitons provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a partial energy level diagram of rare earth ions in a 3-5 μm band;
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The embodiment of the utility model provides a 3-5 micron femto second optical fiber amplifier based on red-shift raman soliton, as shown in fig. 2, include: the device comprises an ultrashort pulse laser (1), a nonlinear soft glass fiber (2), a positive dispersion soft glass fiber (3), a rare earth ion doped gain fiber (4), a mid-infrared side pump fiber combiner (5), a fiber end cap (6) and a semiconductor laser (7). The ultra-short pulse laser (1), the nonlinear soft glass fiber (2), the positive dispersion soft glass fiber (3), the rare earth ion doped gain fiber (4), the mid-infrared side pumping fiber combiner (5) and the fiber end cap (6) are sequentially connected in sequence in a fiber fusion mode, and the semiconductor laser (7) is fused at the pumping fiber input end of the mid-infrared side pumping fiber combiner (5);
in the specific implementation mode, a 1975nm Main Oscillation Power Amplifier (MOPA) is adopted by the ultrashort pulse laser (1), the pulse width is 100fs, the repetition frequency is 5MHz, the peak power is higher than 20kW, the nonlinear soft glass fiber (2) is an indium fluoride fiber with the fiber core diameter of 6 μm, a soliton self-frequency shift effect is excited under the pumping of the ultrashort pulse laser (1), the main Raman solitons split under the action of dispersion and nonlinear effect gradually perform red shift along with the increase of the pumping power, the frequency is finally shifted to the wavelength of 3.95 μm, the laser pulse width generated through soliton splitting is in the order of hundred femtoseconds, and the laser pulse width is used as a signal light source of a 3.95 μm femtosecond laser fiber amplifier. The positive dispersion soft glass optical fiber (3) adopts As with the core diameter of 25 mu m 2 S 3 The zero dispersion wavelength of the optical fiber is larger than 6 μm. Injecting the compensated pulse into the rare earth ion doped gain fiber (4), wherein the rare earth ion doped gain fiber (4) adopts Ho 3+ Double-clad indium fluoride fiber with a doping concentration of 10 mol.%. An 888nm pump light source provided by a semiconductor laser (7) is coupled into the rare earth ion doped gain fiber (4) through a mid-infrared side pump fiber combiner (5). E.g. Ho in FIG. 3 3+ As shown in the partial energy level diagram, 5 I 8 → 5 I 5 with a base state absorption at 888nm (GSA) of 5 I 5 → 5 I 6 The energy level transition of (3.95 μm) provides direct pumping. The mid-infrared side-pumped optical fiber combiner (5) is directly prepared on the tail end of the rare-earth ion-doped gain optical fiber (4), a section of quartz-based coreless optical fiber with the diameter of 125 mu m is welded on the output tail optical fiber (105/125 mu m) of the semiconductor laser (7), the section of coreless optical fiber is integrated with the inner cladding of the rare-earth ion-doped gain optical fiber (4) through a series of process operations such as tapering, cutting, winding, attaching and the like to prepare the mid-infrared side-pumped optical fiber combiner (5), and the mid-infrared side-pumped optical fiber combiner (5) is arranged on the tail end of the rare-earth ion-doped gain optical fiber (4)And an 888nm pump light source transmitted in the pump optical fiber is gradually transferred into the inner cladding of the rare earth ion doped gain optical fiber (4) through the coupling effect to realize cladding pump coupling. The tail end of the mid-infrared side-pumped optical fiber combiner (5) is welded with an optical fiber end cap (6), and the optical fiber end cap (6) is prepared from multimode aluminum fluoride optical fibers and used for reducing the power density of an output end face and ensuring the long-time stable operation of a fluoride laser under high power. By adjusting 888nm laser power, 3.95 μm femtosecond laser amplification is realized.
Optical fibers and devices in the 3-5 micron femtosecond optical fiber amplifier based on the red-shift Raman solitons are fixed in matched V-shaped grooves on a copper plate, refrigeration and temperature control are carried out through TEC, and the temperature is controlled below 8 ℃.
The above-mentioned embodiments only represent one embodiment of the present invention, and the description thereof is specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit of the present invention, several variations and modifications can be made, which are within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. 3-5 micron femtosecond fiber amplifier based on red shift Raman soliton, which is characterized in that:
the method comprises the following steps: the system comprises an ultra-short pulse laser (1), a nonlinear soft glass fiber (2), a positive dispersion soft glass fiber (3), a rare earth ion doped gain fiber (4), a mid-infrared side pump fiber combiner (5), a fiber end cap (6) and a semiconductor laser (7);
the output end of the ultrashort pulse laser (1) is welded with the nonlinear soft glass fiber (2), the output end of the nonlinear soft glass fiber (2) is welded with the positive dispersion soft glass fiber (3), the output end of the positive dispersion soft glass fiber (3) is welded with the input end of the rare earth ion doped gain fiber (4), the output end of the rare earth ion doped gain fiber (4) is welded with the intermediate infrared side pump fiber combiner (5), and the semiconductor laser (7) is welded with the pump fiber of the intermediate infrared side pump fiber combiner (5); the tail end of the mid-infrared side pumping optical fiber combiner (5) is welded with an optical fiber end cap (6).
2. The 3-5 μm femtosecond fiber amplifier based on red-shifted raman solitons according to claim 1, wherein:
the ultrashort pulse laser (1) is a pulse laser with the central wavelength of 1975nm, the pulse width of less than 10ps, the peak power of more than 20kW and the repetition frequency of 1kHz-200MHz.
3. The 3-5 micron femtosecond fiber amplifier based on red-shifted raman solions according to claim 1, wherein:
the wavelength of the Raman soliton is within a wave band of 3-5 mu m, the pulse width is 20fs-500fs, and the repetition frequency is 1kHz-200MHz.
4. The 3-5 micron femtosecond fiber amplifier based on red-shifted raman solions according to claim 1, wherein:
the positive dispersion soft glass optical fiber (3) is made into a chalcogenide optical fiber and has a centimeter-level length; the nonlinear coefficient gamma of the positive dispersion soft glass fiber (3) 3 Nonlinear coefficient gamma of the nonlinear soft glass optical fiber (2) 2 Small, gamma 3 ≤0.8×γ 2 。
5. The 3-5 micron femtosecond fiber amplifier based on red-shifted raman solions according to claim 1, wherein:
the matrix material of the rare earth ion doped gain optical fiber (4) is a fluoride optical fiber or a chalcogenide optical fiber; the doping ion of the rare earth ion doped gain fiber (4) is Er 3+ 、Ho 3+ 、Dy 3+ 、Pr 3+ One or more of; the diameter of the core of the rare earth ion doped gain fiber (4) is more than 20 mu m.
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