CN110048294B - Method for generating high-power intermediate infrared ultrafast pulse laser - Google Patents
Method for generating high-power intermediate infrared ultrafast pulse laser Download PDFInfo
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- CN110048294B CN110048294B CN201910213354.7A CN201910213354A CN110048294B CN 110048294 B CN110048294 B CN 110048294B CN 201910213354 A CN201910213354 A CN 201910213354A CN 110048294 B CN110048294 B CN 110048294B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
- H01S3/06754—Fibre amplifiers
- H01S3/06762—Fibre amplifiers having a specific amplification band
- H01S3/0677—L-band amplifiers, i.e. amplification in the range of about 1560 nm to 1610 nm
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
- H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
- H01S3/094—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light
- H01S3/094042—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light of a fibre laser
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for generating high-power mid-infrared ultrafast pulse laser, which comprises amplifying first pump light with central wavelength of 1020-1040 nm, transmitting the amplified first pump light into a nonlinear crystal for nonlinear spontaneous parametric down-conversion to obtain 2.85-3.1 μm mid-infrared pulse seed light and accompanied 1580-1600 nm pulse pump light, and coupling the seed light and the pump light into Er-doped Er3+One end of the fluoride gain fiber inputs second pumping light with the central wavelength of 970-3+At the other end of the fluoride gain fiber, because the lower energy level of the intermediate infrared transition corresponds to the radiation wavelength about 1.6 mu m exactly, the introduction of pumping light can enable particles accumulated by the lower energy level of the intermediate infrared laser to quickly fall back to the ground state, so that the service life of the lower energy level of the laser is reduced, the amplification efficiency of the intermediate infrared laser is obviously improved, the damage of thermal effect to the fluoride soft fiber is reduced, and stable high-power intermediate infrared ultrashort pulse output can be finally obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser, in particular to a method for generating high-power intermediate infrared ultrafast pulse laser.
Background
The mid-infrared band covers not only multiple transparent windows of the earth's atmosphere (e.g., K, L, M and the N-band), but also the vibrational-rotational absorption lines of many molecules (also known as "molecular fingerprint" spectral regions). Therefore, mid-infrared laser sources have important applications in many fields of science and technology, such as molecular spectroscopy, optical frequency metrology, free space communications, infrared laser surgery, infrared ranging and countermeasure, and the like. Particularly, the 3 μm band corresponds to the resonance absorption peak of the O-H chemical bond symmetric stretching vibration in liquid water, so that the mid-infrared laser in the band has strong absorption in water and can be used for the incision operation of the moist body soft tissue and skeleton, and the mid-infrared laser also has important application in the biomedical field.
In recent years, based on Er doping3+The intermediate infrared laser of the fluoride fiber is rapidly developed4I11/2To4I13/2The energy level transition of (a) can generate a mid-infrared spectrum of 2.7-3 μm, and is advantageous in that the upper energy level of the laser transition is (a) ((b))4I11/2) The excitation pumping can be carried out by 970-980nm laser, and the pumping source in the waveband can be provided by a mature and cheap InGaAs laser diode.
However, current are based on Er doping3+The mid-infrared laser of the fluoride fiber faces the difficulties of improving pumping efficiency, improving output power and the like. The main reason is that the metastable energy level of the rare earth ion energy level corresponding to the mid-infrared laser transition tends to have a longer lifetime for the lower energy level than for the upper energy level, in particular for Er-doped ions3+Ion fluoride optical fiber having upper energy level4I11/2And lower energy level4I13/2Respectively, are 6.9ms and 9 ms. Therefore, it is generally difficult to achieve population inversion, so that laser transitions corresponding to mid-infrared wavelengths self-terminate, resulting in low or even impossible output power of mid-infrared lasers. In addition, most of the excited particles not participating in laser amplification are dissipated in the form of multiphoton attenuation, and the generated energy brings a large amount of heat, which is not favorable for the thermal management and stability of the system.
At present, one of the main research methods at home and abroad is to increase the doping concentration of the gain optical fiber. This techniqueAlthough the bottleneck of energy level concentration of the particle number under the laser can be relieved, the pump threshold power of the laser can be increased through the transition processes such as excited state absorption, energy transfer up-conversion and the like, so that the laser is low in efficiency and small in output power, and the practical application of the mid-infrared laser is greatly limited. Another common method is to incorporate a proper amount of Pr3+When the rare earth elements are used as deactivation ions, the purpose of pumping laser lower energy level particles is achieved through ion resonance energy transfer, so that the energy level service life is effectively shortened, the laser threshold is reduced, and the laser efficiency and the output power are finally improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to obtain high-power intermediate infrared ultrafast pulse laser.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for generating high-power intermediate infrared ultrafast pulse laser is provided, which comprises the following steps:
a middle infrared laser generation step, which is to amplify the first pump light with the central wavelength of 1020-1040 nm and then send the amplified first pump light into a nonlinear crystal for nonlinear spontaneous parametric down-conversion, so as to obtain middle infrared pulse seed light of 2.85-3.1 μm and the accompanied pump light of 1580-1600 nm;
a laser amplification step performed after the mid-infrared laser generation step, which couples the seed light and its accompanying pump light together into the Er-doped3+One end of the fluoride gain fiber is connected with a second pump light with the center wavelength of 970-3+The other end of the fluoride gain fiber.
In the step of generating the intermediate infrared laser, the first pump light is amplified to watt level and then sent into the nonlinear crystal.
In the step of generating the intermediate infrared laser, the amplified first pump light is collimated and focused and then sent into the nonlinear crystal, and the collimation and focusing are realized through a light beam transformation lens group.
In the laser amplification step, the seed light and the accompanying pump light are collimated by an achromatic lens for multiple times before being coupled into the gain fiber.
Wherein the nonlinear crystal is specifically a periodically poled lithium niobate crystal.
The intermediate infrared laser amplifying step comprises a pump light coupling step, wherein a dichroic mirror which can increase the transmission of 2.85-3.1 mu m laser and has high reflection to 970- + 980nm laser is used for reflecting second pump light into the gain fiber, and the dichroic mirror is used for outputting infrared ultrafast pulse laser generated in the gain fiber.
Further, the method comprises a thermal loss prevention step of arranging a cladding mode filter at one end of the gain fiber close to the nonlinear crystal.
Further, the method includes an anti-reflection step of beveling the end faces of the two ends of the gain fiber.
Has the advantages that:
the invention amplifies the first pump light with the central wavelength of 1020-1040 nm and then sends the amplified pump light into the nonlinear crystal for nonlinear spontaneous parametric down-conversion, thereby obtaining the mid-infrared pulse seed light with the wavelength of 2.85-3.1 mu m and the accompanied 1580-1600 nm pulse pump light thereof, the seed light and the pump light are self-synchronous in time and self-recombined in space, and then the seed light and the pump light are coupled into the Er-doped3+One end of the fluoride gain fiber inputs second pumping light with the central wavelength of 970-3+At the other end of the fluoride gain fiber, because the lower energy level of the intermediate infrared transition corresponds to the radiation wavelength about 1.6 mu m exactly, the introduction of pumping light can enable particles accumulated by the lower energy level of the intermediate infrared laser to quickly fall back to the ground state, so that the service life of the lower energy level of the laser is reduced, the amplification efficiency of the intermediate infrared laser is obviously improved, the damage of thermal effect to the fluoride soft fiber is reduced, and stable high-power intermediate infrared ultrashort pulse output can be finally obtained.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an implementation of a method for generating a high power mid-infrared ultrafast pulsed laser.
FIG. 2 is Er3+The ions generate a main transition energy level schematic diagram of the intermediate infrared laser after being excited.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects solved by the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for a method of generating a high power mid-infrared ultrafast pulsed laser.
Referring to fig. 1, the device comprises a spontaneous parameter mid-infrared generation module and a high-power mid-infrared amplification module, wherein the spontaneous parameter mid-infrared generation module comprises: a first pump source 101, a fiber amplifier 102, a lens 103, a lens 104, a nonlinear crystal 105, a lens 106, a high-reflection mirror 107 and a high-reflection mirror 108. The high-power intermediate infrared amplification module comprises: lens 201, cladding mode filter 202, Er-doped3+A fluoride gain fiber 203, a lens 204, a dichroic 205, a second pump source 206, a lens 207.
In the upper section, the specific types of the devices are set as follows:
the first pumping source 101 adopts a single-mode pulse optical fiber laser, the working center wavelength of the single-mode pulse optical fiber laser is 1030nm, the pulse width of emitted laser is ps magnitude, and the repetition frequency of the pulse is kHz-GHz magnitude;
the optical fiber amplifier 102 adopts a double-clad ytterbium-doped optical fiber amplifier, which can increase the power of the first pump source 101 to watt level;
the lens 103 and the lens 104 form a beam transformation lens group for collimating and focusing the laser beam to obtain spatial mode matching;
the nonlinear crystal 105 is a Periodically Poled Lithium Niobate (PPLN) crystal, which is placed in a temperature controlled furnace with temperature stability better than 0.1 °;
the lens 106 is an achromatic lens for collimating the generated down-converted laser beam;
the high-reflection mirror 107 and the high-reflection mirror 108 both adopt gold mirrors, and have reflectivity of more than 97% in a wave band of 1-5 mu m;
CaF is used as lens 2012A mid-IR achromatic lens having a transmittance of greater than 95% at 1-5 μm wavelength band for coupling a spatial mid-IR and 1585nm laser optical comb into a core of a gain fiber;
er doping3+The fluoride gain fiber 203 adopts double cladding doped Er3+The optical fiber comprises a ZBLAN fiber (a ZBLAN fiber, namely ZrF4-BaF2-LaF3-AlF3-NaF, which is the most developed fluoride fiber), wherein the end faces of two ends of the ZBLAN fiber are cut by 8-degree oblique angles so as to eliminate laser feedback caused by Fresnel reflection on the end faces of the fiber;
the lens 204 is used for collimating the amplified mid-infrared light beam, and simultaneously, the lens 207 is matched to couple the pump light emitted by the second pump source 206 into the double-clad gain fiber 203;
the dichroic mirror 205 is a conventional dichroic mirror capable of increasing the transmission of laser light of 3 μm and highly reflecting laser light of 975 nm;
the second pump source 206 is a pigtailed continuous wave high power multimode laser diode with a working center wavelength of 975 nm.
The method for the high-power intermediate infrared ultrafast pulse laser in the embodiment is implemented as follows:
after a first pump source 101 with a central wavelength of 1030nm is amplified by an ytterbium-doped fiber amplifier 102, first pump light with watt-level power can be obtained, the pulse width of the first pump light is 10ps, the repetition frequency is 1MHz, and the corresponding peak power can reach 100 kW. The amplified first pump light is focused by the beam conversion lens groups 103, 104 into the PPLN nonlinear crystal 105. In the PPLN nonlinear crystal 105, the pump light is converted under nonlinear spontaneous parameters, and the conversion process is influenced by the inversion period of the selected crystal grating and the working temperature of crystal phase matching, so that mid-infrared pulse seed light with the central wavelength of 2.94 μm can be generated, and the wave band corresponds to the absorption peak of liquid water. Due to the constraint of energy conservation, accompanying laser pulses with the central wavelength of 1585nm are generated while the intermediate infrared pulse seed light is spontaneously generated through down conversion, the laser and the intermediate infrared laser are self-matched in a space mode and self-synchronized in a time domain, and can be used as pumping light for subsequent intermediate infrared amplification, great convenience is provided for the subsequent intermediate infrared amplification, the matching of light beams and the time delay of pulses are avoided, the use of devices in an amplification system is greatly simplified, and the integration level and the stability of the whole system are improved.
The obtained intermediate infrared 2.94 mu m pulse seed light and 1585nm laser are subjected to spatial light path adjustment through two- sided gold mirrors 107 and 108, and are conveniently and efficiently coupled to a subsequent intermediate infrared amplification light path module. In the intermediate infrared amplification light path module, intermediate infrared 2.94 mu m pulse seed light and 1585nm laser are coupled together through an achromatic lens 201 and then enter a double-cladding Er-doped device3+The core of the ZBLAN gain fiber 203. And the second pumping light emitted by the second pumping source 206 is collimated and focused by the lens groups 204, 205 and 207, and then is back-coupled into the inner cladding of the optical fiber 203 from the other end of the gain optical fiber 203, and is transmitted in a form of total reflection and absorbed while passing through the core of the gain optical fiber 203.
See FIG. 2, because Er3+The ions being capable of undergoing transitions upon excitation, wherein the predominant transition energy level for generating mid-IR laser light comprises the ground state4I15/2First excited state4I13/2A second excited state4I11/2First excited state4I13/2And a second excited state4I11/2All are metastable states with intrinsic decay lifetimes of 9ms and 6.9ms, respectively, with a radiation wavelength of about 3 μm therebetween, and a second excited state4I11/2And the ground state4I15/2Has a radiation wavelength of 0.98 μm, and can be used as pump wavelength of middle infrared excitation, first excited state4I13/2And the ground state4I15/2The radiation wavelength between the first and second pump light is 1.6 μm, and the first pump light can be used as the particle number pump light of the transition lower energy level corresponding to the mid-infrared excitation, so that the second pump light can be absorbed by the excitationCan be held in the ground state4I15/2Er of (2)3+Pumping the ions to a second excited state4I11/2And is in contact with the first excited state4I13/2Creating a beam inversion.
See FIG. 1, due to the wavelength of the mid-IR seed light and the second excited state4I11/2To the first excited state4I13/2Is matched in wavelength so that the mid-infrared seed light is transmitted forward in the gain fiber 203. Stimulated radiation occurs during forward transport causing the particles to move from a second excited state4I11/2Falls back to the first excited state4I13/2While radiating photons identical to the incident mid-infrared. And, the population of particles is concentrated in the first excited state4I13/2To a first excited state4I13/2And the ground state4I15/2A population inversion is formed due to the wavelength of the pump light and the excitation from the first excited state4I13/2To the ground state4I15/2So that the pump light will gain from the stimulated radiation during transmission and will settle in the first excited state4I13/2Upper particle number pumping back to ground state4I15/2Avoid the first excited state4I13/2The concentration of the population causes the amplification of the mid-infrared laser to terminate. Further, the ground state4I15/2The particle number of the second pump light can be excited to a second excited state4I11/2The gain population at this level is constantly replenished so that mid-ir amplification can continue throughout the gain fiber 203. As the second pump light adopts a backward pumping mode, along with the continuous enhancement of the forward output power of the mid-infrared laser, the power of the second pump light and the amplified pump light is enhanced, the energy of the pump light can be utilized to the maximum extent, the slope efficiency of mid-infrared amplification is improved, and finally the high-power mid-infrared ultrashort pulse output is obtained.
The amplified mid-infrared laser pulse passes through the dichroic mirror 205 and is output.
It should be noted that, in fig. 1, the cladding mode filter 202 can leak the second pump light that is not completely absorbed out of the gain fiber 203, so as to avoid the heating damage caused by the damage of the high power pump to the input end face of the gain fiber 203. In addition, the end faces of the two ends of the gain fiber 203 are cut with an oblique angle of 8 degrees, so that laser reflection caused by Fresnel reflection is avoided.
The common mid-infrared optical fiber amplifier only adopts a single 975nm laser for pumping, and because the service life of a lower energy level corresponding to mid-infrared laser radiation transition is longer than that of an upper energy level, the efficiency of mid-infrared amplification is very low, and higher output power is difficult to obtain. According to the invention, the second pump source 206 is adopted to generate high-power pump laser, and simultaneously 1585nm laser spontaneously generated at 105 is matched as particle pumping light, because the lower energy level of intermediate infrared transition and the ground state just correspond to the radiation wavelength of about 1.6 mu m, the introduction of the 1585nm pumping light can enable particles accumulated in the lower energy level of the intermediate infrared laser to quickly fall back to the ground state, so that the service life of the lower energy level of the laser is reduced, the amplification efficiency of the intermediate infrared laser is obviously improved, the damage of thermal effect on the fluoride soft optical fiber is reduced, and stable high-power intermediate infrared ultrashort pulse output can be finally obtained.
The method for generating the intermediate infrared laser has the advantages that:
1. the introduction of pumping light with the central wavelength of 1.6 mu m is beneficial to pumping the particles with the lower energy level of the mid-infrared transition to the ground state, so that the particle number reversal condition required by mid-infrared amplification is maintained, and the mid-infrared amplification slope efficiency of a high-power 975nm pumping source is greatly improved;
2. the pumping light with the central wavelength of 1.6 mu m and the mid-infrared seed light with the central wavelength of 2.94 mu m are generated concomitantly, so that the space self-coincidence and the time self-synchronization can be realized, and great convenience is provided for the subsequent building of a mid-infrared amplification light path;
3. because the mid-infrared amplification power is continuously increased in the output process of the gain fiber, the high-power 975nm pump source adopts a backward pumping mode, and the high-power mid-infrared spectrum output is more easily generated;
4. er-doped pumping light with central wavelength of 1.6 microns3+Certain amplification can be obtained in ZBLAN gain fiberThe forward transmission of the medium infrared light source is beneficial to improving the medium infrared amplification effect;
5. because the dilemma of energy level to particle concentration under the intermediate infrared transition is solved, Er is doped3+The doping concentration of the ZBLAN fluoride gain fiber can be reduced, which is beneficial to improving the optical quality of the fiber and keeping higher thermal conductivity, thereby reducing the thermal lens effect and obtaining long-term stable high-power mid-infrared laser output;
6. the working temperature of the nonlinear crystal in the intermediate infrared generation module is adjusted, so that the intermediate infrared output wavelength can be accurately adjusted, and the intermediate infrared generation module has certain intermediate infrared wavelength tuning capability.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for generating high-power intermediate infrared ultrafast pulse laser is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a middle infrared laser generation step, which is to amplify the first pump light with the central wavelength of 1020-1040 nm and then send the amplified first pump light into a nonlinear crystal for nonlinear spontaneous parametric down-conversion, so as to obtain middle infrared pulse seed light of 2.85-3.1 μm and the accompanied pump light of 1580-1600 nm;
a laser amplification step performed after the mid-infrared laser generation step, which couples the seed light and its accompanying pump light together into the Er-doped3+One end of the fluoride gain fiber is connected with a second pump light with the center wavelength of 970-3+The other end of the fluoride gain fiber;
the nonlinear crystal is specifically a periodically poled lithium niobate crystal.
2. The method for generating high power mid-infrared ultrafast pulsed laser as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step of generating the intermediate infrared laser, the first pump light is amplified to watt level and then sent into the nonlinear crystal.
3. The method for generating high power mid-infrared ultrafast pulsed laser as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step of generating the intermediate infrared laser, the amplified first pump light is collimated and focused and then sent into the nonlinear crystal.
4. A method of producing high power mid-infrared ultrafast pulsed laser as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the collimation and focusing are realized by a light beam transformation lens group.
5. A method of producing high power mid-infrared ultrafast pulsed laser as claimed in claim 3, wherein: in the laser amplification step, the seed light and its accompanying pump light are collimated by an achromatic lens before being coupled into the gain fiber.
6. The method for generating high power mid-infrared ultrafast pulsed laser as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the number of times of collimation by the achromatic lens is plural.
7. The method for generating high power mid-infrared ultrafast pulsed laser as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the intermediate infrared laser amplifying step comprises a pump light coupling step, wherein a dichroic mirror which can increase the transmission of 2.85-3.1 mu m laser and has high reflection to 970- + 980nm laser is used for reflecting second pump light into the gain fiber, and the dichroic mirror is used for outputting infrared ultrafast pulse laser generated in the gain fiber.
8. The method for generating high power mid-infrared ultrafast pulsed laser as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and a thermal loss prevention step of arranging a cladding mode filter at one end of the gain fiber close to the nonlinear crystal.
9. A method of producing high power mid-infrared ultrafast pulsed laser as claimed in claim 1 or 8, wherein: and an antireflection step of cutting off oblique angles on the end faces of the two ends of the gain fiber.
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