CN110927719A - 一种图像亮度可控的对sar干扰方法及图像亮度控制方法 - Google Patents

一种图像亮度可控的对sar干扰方法及图像亮度控制方法 Download PDF

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CN110927719A
CN110927719A CN201911182076.XA CN201911182076A CN110927719A CN 110927719 A CN110927719 A CN 110927719A CN 201911182076 A CN201911182076 A CN 201911182076A CN 110927719 A CN110927719 A CN 110927719A
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吴彦鸿
张合敏
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BEIJING HUNRAY TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种图像亮度可控的对SAR干扰方法及图像亮度控制方法，针对非相干干扰和部分相干干扰推导干扰图像亮度、分布面积与干扰功率的关系，对SAR干扰时能够实现对SAR干扰图像亮度的简单有效控制。本发明结合非相干或相干干扰技术中的面积确定方法，可根据目标所处背景环境通过实时控制发射功率实现控制干扰图像亮度，达到伪装和反侦察防护的目的。

Description

一种图像亮度可控的对SAR干扰方法及图像亮度控制方法
技术领域
本发明涉及雷达对抗技术领域，尤其涉及一种图像亮度可控的对SAR干扰方法及图像亮度控制方法。
背景技术
搭载于卫星、飞机、无人机等空中、空间平台上的合成孔径雷达，可工作在L、C、X、Ku等多个无线电频段，能够全天时、全天候进行远距离的高分辨率对地成像侦察，获取地物目标情报。
针对SAR侦察威胁，通过发射电磁信号对其进行干扰是一种有效的对抗途径。近年发展了多种干扰技术。从可掩护地域和干扰信号进入方式分，主要有自卫式主瓣干扰和支援式旁瓣干扰。其中自卫式主瓣干扰主要在战术层面应用，在SAR卫星过境或机载平台临空时，侦收其工作信号，辐射小功率电磁信号，使其对干扰机所在区域无法正常获取地物目标图像。此类干扰方式通常用于实现对地物目标的隐蔽保护和伪装，难点在于干扰防护面积和图像亮度控制，尤其是分离控制，即防护面积控制与图像亮度独立控制。对主瓣干扰，非相干干扰的面积由距离向压缩前脉宽对应地距和方位向合成孔径长度决定，总体亮度与干扰功率有关，相干干扰面积由所有点目标的距离向和方位向两维分布范围决定，每个点的亮度由其所在通道的干扰功率决定，部分相干干扰的面积和亮度分布比较复杂，一般应用相干干扰或非相干干扰的分析方法确定。
发明内容
鉴于上述问题，本发明提供了一种图像亮度可控的对SAR干扰方法及图像亮度控制方法，针对非相干干扰和部分相干干扰推导干扰图像亮度、分布面积与干扰功率的关系，对SAR干扰时能够实现对干扰图像亮度的简单有效控制。
为实现上述目的，本发明的图像亮度可控的对SAR干扰方法，包括如下步骤：
在任务开始后，人工设定防护面积和目标背景，干扰机进入侦察接收状态，当侦察接收到目标SAR信号时，通过参数测量计算干扰发射功率需求，开始实施干扰，直至不再侦察接收到该信号，停止干扰；
其中，通过控制干扰发射功率P实现对干扰图像亮度控制；
当采用非相干干扰时，所需图像亮度对应的干扰功率需求P为：
Figure BDA0002291529630000021
其中，Pt为目标SAR发射功率，G为我方SAR天线主瓣增益，R为成像距离，σJ为所需图像亮度对应的地物散射系数，Δx为压缩前方位分辨单元，ΔRg为压缩前距离分辨单元，Lsys为我方SAR系统损耗；
当采用部分相干干扰时，所需图像亮度对应的干扰功率需求P为：
Figure BDA0002291529630000022
其中，AJ为部分相干干扰的覆盖范围。
其中，所述非相干干扰为噪声干扰。
其中，当压制系数为1时，所需图像亮度对应的地物散射系数与照射区目标后向散射系数相等。
本发明还提供了一种对SAR干扰时图像亮度控制方法，通过控制干扰发射功率P实现对干扰图像亮度控制；
当采用非相干干扰时，所需图像亮度对应的干扰功率需求P为：
Figure BDA0002291529630000023
其中，Pt为目标SAR发射功率，G为我方SAR天线主瓣增益，R为成像距离，σJ为所需图像亮度对应的地物散射系数，Δx为压缩前方位分辨单元，ΔRg为压缩前距离分辨单元，Lsys为我方SAR系统损耗；
当采用部分相干干扰时，所需图像亮度对应的干扰功率需求P为：
Figure BDA0002291529630000031
其中，AJ为部分相干干扰的覆盖范围。
有益效果：
本发明结合非相干或相干干扰技术中的面积确定方法，可根据目标所处背景环境通过实时控制发射功率实现控制干扰图像亮度，达到伪装和反侦察防护的目的。
附图说明
图1为本发明的图像亮度可控的对SAR干扰方法示意图；
图2为本发明实施例中未受干扰图像；
图3为本发明实施例中面积、亮度均未控制的干扰图像；
图4为本发明实施例中面积控制、亮度未控制的干扰图像；
图5为本发明实施例中面积控制、亮度控制与背景接近的干扰图像。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图并举具体实施例，对本发明进行详细描述。
本发明针对当前对SAR主瓣非相干干扰和部分相干干扰中的图像亮度控制问题，推导干扰图像亮度、分布面积与干扰功率的关系，提出一种图像亮度可控的对SAR干扰方法，具体涉及对合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar，简称SAR)进行对抗时的干扰效果控制方法。
鉴于在实际应用中，通过干扰SAR实现地物目标伪装防护，既要遮盖目标图像特征，又要尽可能使干扰图像与背景图像亮度接近，即干扰图像亮度控制要与背景相关，本发明的图像亮度可控的对SAR干扰方法如图1所示，
在任务开始后，人工设定防护面积和目标背景，干扰机进入侦察接收状态，当侦察接收到目标SAR信号时，通过参数测量计算干扰发射功率需求，开始实施干扰，直至不再侦察接收到该信号，停止干扰；其中，通过控制干扰发射功率P实现对干扰图像亮度控制。
在干扰设备工作流程中增加了防护面积设定和典型地物散射系数设定及干扰发射功率计算步骤。由于干扰图像亮度与后向散射系数有直接对应关系，推导后向散射系数、干扰分布面积与干扰功率的关系，计算干扰发射功率需求：
根据SAR系统设计要求，照射后向散射系数为σ0的地物时，地物反射功率为：
Figure BDA0002291529630000041
其中，Pt为目标SAR发射功率，G为SAR天线主瓣增益，R为成像距离，Δx为压缩前方位分辨单元，ΔRg为压缩前距离分辨单元，Lsys为SAR系统损耗；
当采用非相干干扰如噪声干扰时，当压制系数为1时，所需图像亮度对应的地物散射系数与照射区目标后向散射系数相等；噪声功率需求PJ0与地物反射功率相等：
Figure BDA0002291529630000042
定义σJ＝K·σ0，其中K为压制系数，σJ为所需图像亮度对应的地物散射系数，则所需图像亮度对应的干扰功率需求P为：
Figure BDA0002291529630000043
Pt、G、R、Δx以及ΔRg均可以通过测量获得，Lsys可以通过准确估计得出。
当采用部分相干干扰时，控制面积小于噪声干扰覆盖范围时，噪声信号在较小的面积内分布，干扰功率需求相应降低为PJA，所需图像亮度对应的功率需求干扰功率需求P为：
Figure BDA0002291529630000044
其中，AJ为部分相干干扰的覆盖范围(小于噪声干扰覆盖范围)，其他参数可以测量获得或估计得出。
实验验证：
根据作战使用要求设定面积AJ和干扰图像亮度对应的σJ，SAR系统损耗可以较准确估计为4-6dB，取5dB，功率密度
Figure BDA0002291529630000045
由侦察接收机实时测量得到。图2为未受干扰图像，地物目标清晰可见。图3为面积、亮度均未控制的干扰图像，干扰图像覆盖了整个图像，且亮度较高，地物目标均不可见，但干扰意图完全暴露。图4为面积控制、亮度未控制的干扰图像，干扰图像分布在所需区域，亮度上完全遮盖了地物目标，干扰意图部分暴露。图5为面积控制、亮度控制与背景接近的干扰图像，干扰图像分布在所需区域，亮度适中，隐藏了目标细节，效果隐蔽，可见通过本发明方法能够实现有效的干扰图像亮度控制，进而实现有效干扰。
综上所述，以上仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非用于限定本发明的保护范围。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (4)

1.一种图像亮度可控的对SAR干扰方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
在任务开始后，人工设定防护面积和目标背景，干扰机进入侦察接收状态，当侦察接收到目标SAR信号时，通过参数测量计算干扰发射功率需求，开始实施干扰，直至不再侦察接收到该信号，停止干扰；
其中，通过控制干扰发射功率P实现对干扰图像亮度控制；
当采用非相干干扰时，所需图像亮度对应的干扰功率需求P为：
Figure FDA0002291529620000011
其中，Pt为目标SAR发射功率，G为我方SAR天线主瓣增益，R为成像距离，σJ为所需图像亮度对应的地物散射系数，Δx为压缩前方位分辨单元，ΔRg为压缩前距离分辨单元，Lsys为我方SAR系统损耗；
当采用部分相干干扰时，所需图像亮度对应的干扰功率需求P为：
Figure FDA0002291529620000012
其中，AJ为部分相干干扰的覆盖范围。
2.如权利要求1所述的图像亮度可控的对SAR干扰方法，其特征在于，所述非相干干扰为噪声干扰。
3.如权利要求2所述的图像亮度可控的对SAR干扰方法，其特征在于，当压制系数为1时，所需图像亮度对应的地物散射系数与照射区目标后向散射系数相等。
4.一种对SAR干扰时图像亮度控制方法，其特征在于，通过控制干扰发射功率P实现对干扰图像亮度控制；
当采用非相干干扰时，所需图像亮度对应的干扰功率需求P为：
Figure FDA0002291529620000013
其中，Pt为目标SAR发射功率，G为我方SAR天线主瓣增益，R为成像距离，σJ为所需图像亮度对应的地物散射系数，Δx为压缩前方位分辨单元，ΔRg为压缩前距离分辨单元，Lsys为我方SAR系统损耗；
当采用部分相干干扰时，所需图像亮度对应的干扰功率需求P为：
Figure FDA0002291529620000021
其中，AJ为部分相干干扰的覆盖范围。
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