CN110926766A - Blade health monitoring system and monitoring method - Google Patents
Blade health monitoring system and monitoring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110926766A CN110926766A CN201811019505.7A CN201811019505A CN110926766A CN 110926766 A CN110926766 A CN 110926766A CN 201811019505 A CN201811019505 A CN 201811019505A CN 110926766 A CN110926766 A CN 110926766A
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- LWUVWAREOOAHDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead silver Chemical compound [Ag].[Pb] LWUVWAREOOAHDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D21/00—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for
- F01D21/003—Arrangements for testing or measuring
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of blade operation monitoring, and particularly relates to a blade health monitoring system which comprises a sensor arranged in a cylinder, wherein the sensor comprises an eddy current sensor arranged above the top of a blade and a rotating speed sensor arranged above a blade rotor shaft and used for receiving rotor key phase or speed measuring gear signals, the eddy current sensor and the rotating speed sensor are respectively connected with a front circuit module, and the front circuit module is connected with a data acquisition card. According to the blade health monitoring system provided by the invention, the health state of the blade is monitored in a non-contact manner by adopting the eddy current sensor, the measurement precision is high by measuring the clearance from the top of the blade to the inside of the cylinder and the comprehensive parameters such as the synchronous and asynchronous vibration conditions of the blade, the blade health monitoring system is suitable for the severe environment of air flow scouring and steam condensation at the exhaust end of the steam turbine, the application range is wider, the operation parameters of all the blades can be monitored simultaneously, and the requirement of long-term monitoring can be met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of blade operation monitoring, and particularly relates to a blade health monitoring system and a monitoring method.
Background
The main technical method for monitoring the operation of the steam turbine at present is vibration monitoring, a vibration sensor is arranged near each supporting bearing, an eddy current displacement sensor is adopted to measure the relative vibration of a rotating shaft to a bearing seat, and a vibration speed sensor is adopted to measure the absolute vibration of the bearing seat. And the time domain and frequency domain characteristics of the vibration signals are analyzed and extracted, so that the monitoring and fault diagnosis of the operating state of the steam turbine are realized. A protection system based on vibration monitoring becomes a standard configuration of a large-scale steam turbine generator unit, a vibration signal analysis and diagnosis system is also practically applied to a plurality of units, but the current products of steam turbine operation lack real-time blade vibration monitoring. The non-contact type blade monitoring is widely researched and applied to a gas turbine, however, because the gas turbine bears higher humidity relative to a combustion engine, a monitoring sensor applied to the combustion engine blade cannot be directly applied to the steam turbine. The traditional contact type method for measuring the blade vibration can only monitor a few blades and cannot monitor the blades for a long time.
Utility model (publication number CN201340255Y) proposes an optical sensor fixed above the top of the blade, which realizes the non-contact measurement of blade vibration. However, the technology has great measurement limitation in a water vapor environment, and has no long-term monitoring capability for the internal environment of the steam turbine.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a blade health monitoring system, which adopts an eddy current sensor to realize non-contact monitoring of the health state of a blade, and measures the clearance from the top of the blade to the inside of a cylinder and the synchronous and asynchronous vibration conditions of the blade; the measuring accuracy is high, is applicable to the adverse circumstances that the steam end air current of cylinder scour away, steam condenses, and application scope is wider, can monitor the operating parameter of all blades simultaneously and can satisfy the requirement of long-term monitoring.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows: the utility model provides a blade health monitoring system, is including installing the sensor in the cylinder inside, the sensor is including setting up the apex sensor in blade top, installing in blade rotor shaft top and being used for receiving the key looks or tacho gear signal's tacho sensor, and apex sensor and tacho sensor connect leading circuit module respectively, and leading circuit module connects data acquisition card.
Further, the blade tip sensor is an eddy current sensor.
Furthermore, a temperature sensor is installed above the top of the blade and connected with the front circuit module.
Furthermore, the temperature sensor is an infrared temperature measuring sensor.
Furthermore, the eddy current sensor is connected to the steam exhaust guide ring in the cylinder through threads; the rotating speed sensor is positioned on the shaft sleeve outside the rotor shaft.
Furthermore, signal lines are distributed on the outer wall of the inner cylinder of the cylinder, one end of each signal line extends out of the outer cylinder of the cylinder and is connected with the front circuit module arranged on the outer cylinder, and the other end of each signal line is connected with a sensor inside the cylinder.
Furthermore, the signal line is divided into a hard cable part and a soft cable part, the hard cable part is located inside the cylinder, the soft cable part is located outside the cylinder, the round steel pipe wraps the signal line of the hard cable part, and the flexible cable part wraps the flexible pipe made of stainless steel.
Further, the round steel pipe and the stainless steel snakeskin pipe are welded through silver and lead.
The invention also provides a monitoring method adopting the blade health monitoring system, which comprises the following steps,
s1, statically calibrating the blade, testing output voltage amplitudes corresponding to different gap values by changing the gap between the eddy current sensor and the top of the blade, and making a gap-voltage amplitude table;
s2, monitoring a gap between the top of the blade and the inside of the cylinder, converting the distance between the top of the blade and the eddy current sensor into an electric signal by the eddy current sensor, outputting the electric signal to a front-end circuit module, converting the electric signal into a pulse signal by the front-end circuit, transmitting the pulse signal to a data acquisition card, digitizing, denoising and filtering the pulse signal by the data acquisition card, and then transmitting the pulse signal to a computer terminal, wherein the gap-voltage amplitude meter is manufactured by combining software in the computer terminal with static calibration to realize real-time display of a gap value at the terminal;
s3, monitoring the vibration of the blade, wherein the end part of the blade deviates forwards or backwards relative to the rotating direction due to the vibration of the blade, so that the actual time of the blade reaching the sensor each time is not equal to the time of the blade reaching the sensor when no vibration is assumed, namely the actual arrival time t of the pulse changes along with the vibration of the blade, and a time difference is generated; when the eddy current sensor comes through the blade, the time difference of the blade is obtained by combining the influence of the eddy current sensor on the original magnetic field of the eddy current sensor and the rotating speed sensor, and the time difference sequence is processed by computer software to obtain the vibration information of the blade;
s4, fault diagnosis and early warning
When the blade top clearance or the increase speed of the blade vibration amplitude exceeds a set value, the system gives an early warning in advance.
Further, when the blade is a shrouded blade, the eddy current sensor selects different axial measuring point positions at the top of the shrouded blade, and the optimal measuring point position area range is found out according to the influence of the change of the axial positions of the measuring points at the top on the measuring result.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the outstanding and beneficial technical effects that:
(1) vibration monitoring
Although the system cannot grasp all dynamic characteristics of the blade, as a monitoring system, health diagnosis can be carried out by grasping several key resonance points which may bring harm and analyzing the variation of the several points in real time.
(2) Convenient to install
Due to the adoption of non-contact monitoring, the sensor can be installed only by punching on the inner cylinder; and the sensor is located the steam turbine low pressure section, does not have the security problem.
(3) Stable monitoring in water vapor environment
Water vapor is a relatively severe working environment, and along with the blast working condition, the eddy current sensor serving as a vibration sensor for the severe environment is a great advantage of the system, and can meet the requirement of long-term monitoring.
(4) Monitoring of shrouded blades
Because the whole circle of self-locking blades are popular at the low-pressure exhaust end of the steam turbine, the system specially develops a monitoring method for the whole circle of self-locking blades.
(5) Infrared temperature measurement
The infrared temperature measurement sensor monitors the temperature of the blade, and the metal temperature data of the blade is more visual than the steam flow temperature.
(6) Fault diagnosis and early warning
The system can perform early warning and diagnosis processing on blade faults caused by temperature, vibration, blade top clearance and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a monitoring system in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a monitoring system in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a view showing the mounting position of an eddy current sensor in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a layout view of an eddy current sensor in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic top view of a shrouded blade according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a structural diagram of a signal line in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a signal line and a clip according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a front view of a wire clamp in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a top view of a bus clip according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals: 1. a blade; 1a, the top of the shrouded blade; 1b, measuring point position distribution; 2. a rotor shaft; 3. rotor key phase or speed measuring gear; 4. a rotational speed sensor; 5. an eddy current sensor; 6. an infrared temperature measuring sensor; 7. a front end circuit module; 8. a data acquisition card; 9. a computer; 10. an inner cylinder; 11. an outer cylinder; 12. a steam exhaust guide ring; 13. a signal line; 13a, a hard cable portion; 13b, a flexible cable part; 14. wire clamps; 14a, a card slot; 14b, mounting holes; 15. a measuring head; 16. a circular steel pipe; 16a, a first annular boss; 17. a flexible conduit; 17a and a second annular boss; 18. and (4) inserting the socket.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
A blade health monitoring system is shown in figure 1 and comprises an eddy current sensor 5, a rotating speed sensor 4, an infrared temperature measuring sensor 6, a front-end circuit module 7 and a data acquisition card 8; the eddy current sensor 5 is used for sensing the vibration of the rotating blade and the change of the physical quantity of the blade top gap and converting the vibration into an electric signal; the infrared temperature measuring sensor 6 is used for sensing the metal temperature of the blade; a tachometer sensor 4 is typically mounted on the shaft housing for receiving the rotor key phase or tachometer gear 3 signal on the rotor shaft 2. The eddy current sensor 5 and the infrared temperature measuring sensor 6 are generally installed above the top of the blade, as shown in fig. 3, the cylinder comprises an inner cylinder 10 and an outer cylinder 11, the outer cylinder 11 is arranged outside the inner cylinder 10, and holes are formed in the steam exhaust end of the inner cylinder 10 of the cylinder to fix the sensor above the top of the blade; in this embodiment, a threaded hole is drilled in the exhaust steam guide ring 12, and the sensor is fixed to the inner cylinder 10 in a threaded connection manner and is sealed. A signal wire 13 connected with the sensor is fixed along the outer wall of the inner cylinder 10 through a wire clamp 14, the other end of the signal wire 13 extends out of the outer cylinder 11 of the cylinder and is connected with a front circuit module 7 arranged on the outer cylinder 11, and a cabinet is preferably arranged outside the front circuit module 7.
The structure of the wire clamp 14 is shown in fig. 7-9, a clamping groove 14a for clamping and embedding the signal wire 13 is arranged in the middle of the wire clamp 14, and mounting holes 14b are arranged on two sides of the clamping groove 14a for fixing the wire clamp 14 on the cylinder wall. As can be seen from fig. 6, the signal line 13 is divided into a hard cable part 13a and a soft cable part 13b, the hard cable part 13a is located inside the turbine, the soft cable part 13b is located outside the turbine, the signal line 13 of the hard cable part 13a is wrapped with a round steel pipe 16, and the soft cable part 13b is wrapped with a flexible pipe 17 made of stainless steel. The two ends of the round steel pipe 16 are provided with first annular bosses 16a, the two ends of the flexible pipe 17 are provided with second annular bosses 17a, and the adjacent boss parts of the round steel pipe 16 and the stainless steel flexible pipe 17 are welded through a silver-lead welding process. The annular boss I16 a at the other end of the round steel pipe 16 is welded with the measuring head 15 of the sensor by adopting a silver-lead welding process, the annular boss II 17a at the other end of the flexible pipe 17 is welded with the socket 18 by adopting the silver-lead welding process, and the socket 18 is used for being connected with the front circuit module 7 in an inserting mode. In the scheme, the signal wire 13 is divided into a hard cable part 13a and a soft cable part 13b in protection, the hard cable part 13a wraps the signal wire 13 by adopting a thin-wall circular steel pipe, and the advantages of mechanical damage resistance, corrosion resistance and the like are outstanding, so that the signal wire can be placed in a cylinder in a severe environment. The flexible cable part 13b is made of stainless steel and wrapped by a flexible pipe 17, so that the flexible cable has high waterproofness, tensile strength and wear resistance, and particularly has high flexibility, and the flexible cable is convenient for path arrangement after the flexible cable is led out of a cylinder. The joint of the hard cable part 13a and the soft cable part 13b adopts a special silver-lead welding process, and has high strength, good corrosion resistance and simple and convenient operation.
With reference to fig. 1 and 2, the signal transmission process of the eddy current sensor 5, the rotation speed sensor 4, and the infrared temperature measurement sensor 6 and other elements in the monitoring system is as follows: the three types of sensors respectively transmit measured signals to the front-end circuit module 7, a front-end device for receiving the signals is arranged on the front-end circuit module 7 corresponding to each type of sensor, on one hand, the front-end circuit module 7 converts the received electric signals into pulse signals and transmits the pulse signals to the data acquisition card 8 for processing such as digitization and denoising, on the other hand, a high-frequency alternating current power supply is provided for the eddy current sensor 5, the computer 9 is in butt joint with the data acquisition card 8, and visual information of the measured parameters can be displayed in real time through software in the computer 9.
With reference to fig. 4 and 5, when the blades of the turbine are shrouded blades, four or more eddy current sensors 5 are circumferentially distributed on the turbine, and axial positions of the measurement points of the blade tops of each eddy current sensor 5 are the same, so as to ensure reliability of measurement data.
The monitoring method of the blade health monitoring system comprises the following steps,
s1, statically calibrating the blade, testing output voltage amplitudes corresponding to different gap values by changing the gap between the eddy current sensor 5 and the top of the blade, and making a gap-voltage amplitude table;
s2, monitoring a gap between the top of the blade and the inside of the cylinder, converting the distance between the top of the blade and the eddy current sensor 5 into an electric signal and outputting the electric signal to a front-end circuit module 7, converting the electric signal into a pulse signal by the front-end circuit and then transmitting the pulse signal to a data acquisition card 8, digitizing, denoising and filtering the pulse signal by the data acquisition card 8, and then enabling the pulse signal to enter a computer 9 terminal, wherein the gap-voltage amplitude meter is manufactured by combining software in the computer 9 terminal with static calibration to realize real-time display of a gap value at the terminal;
s3, monitoring the vibration of the blade, wherein the end part of the blade deviates forwards or backwards relative to the rotating direction due to the vibration of the blade, so that the actual time of the blade reaching the sensor each time is not equal to the time of the blade reaching the sensor when no vibration is assumed, namely the actual arrival time t of the pulse changes along with the vibration of the blade, and a time difference is generated; when the electric eddy current sensor 5 comes through the blade, the time difference of the blade is obtained by combining the influence of the original magnetic field of the electric eddy current sensor with the rotating speed sensor 4, and the time difference sequence is processed through software of a computer 9 to obtain the vibration information of the blade;
s4, fault diagnosis and early warning
When the blade top clearance or the increase speed of the blade vibration amplitude exceeds a set value, the system gives an early warning in advance.
When the blade is a shrouded blade, firstly, the measurement precision of different axial positions is obtained according to the comparison of different measuring point positions at the top of the shrouded blade, so that the optimal measuring point area range is selected at the top of the shrouded blade.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and substitutions can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and substitutions should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A blade health monitoring system, comprising: including installing in the inside sensor of cylinder, the sensor is including setting up apex sensor in blade top, installing in blade rotor shaft (2) top and being used for receiving key looks or tacho gear signal's tacho sensor (4), and apex sensor and tacho sensor (4) are connected leading circuit module (7) respectively, and leading circuit module (7) are connected data acquisition card (8).
2. The blade health monitoring system of claim 1, wherein: the blade tip sensor is an eddy current sensor (5).
3. The blade health monitoring system of claim 1, wherein: and a temperature sensor is arranged above the top of the blade and is connected with a front circuit module (7).
4. The blade health monitoring system of claim 3, wherein: the temperature sensor is an infrared temperature measuring sensor (6).
5. The blade health monitoring system of claim 2, wherein: the eddy current sensor (5) is in threaded connection with a steam exhaust guide ring (12) in the cylinder; the rotating speed sensor (4) is positioned on the shaft sleeve outside the rotor shaft (2).
6. The blade health monitoring system of claim 1, wherein: the outer wall of the inner cylinder (10) of the cylinder is distributed with signal wires (13), one end of each signal wire (13) extends out of the outer cylinder (11) of the cylinder and is connected with a front circuit module (7) installed on the outer cylinder (11), and the other end of each signal wire (13) is connected with a sensor inside the cylinder.
7. The blade health monitoring system of claim 6, wherein: the signal wire (13) is divided into a hard cable part (13a) and a soft cable part (13b), the hard cable part (13a) is located inside the cylinder, the soft cable part (13b) is located outside the cylinder, the round steel pipe (16) wraps the signal wire (13) of the hard cable part (13a), and the flexible cable part (13b) wraps the flexible pipe (17) made of stainless steel.
8. The blade health monitoring system of claim 7, wherein: the round steel pipe (16) and the stainless steel snakeskin pipe (17) are welded through silver and lead.
9. A monitoring method using the blade health monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,
s1, statically calibrating the blade, testing output voltage amplitudes corresponding to different gap values by changing the gap between the eddy current sensor (5) and the top of the blade, and making a gap-voltage amplitude meter;
s2, monitoring a gap between the top of the blade and the inside of the cylinder, converting the distance between the top of the blade and the eddy current sensor (5) into an electric signal and outputting the electric signal to a front-end circuit module (7), converting the electric signal into a pulse signal by the front-end circuit and then transmitting the pulse signal to a data acquisition card (8), digitizing, denoising and filtering the pulse signal by the data acquisition card (8), and then enabling the pulse signal to enter a computer (9) terminal, wherein the gap-voltage amplitude meter is manufactured by combining software in the computer (9) terminal with static calibration to realize real-time display of a gap value at the terminal;
s3, monitoring the vibration of the blade, wherein the end part of the blade deviates forwards or backwards relative to the rotating direction due to the vibration of the blade, so that the actual time of the blade reaching the sensor each time is not equal to the time of the blade reaching the sensor when no vibration is assumed, namely the actual arrival time t of the pulse changes along with the vibration of the blade, and a time difference is generated; when the blade arrives, the eddy current sensor (5) obtains the time difference of the blade by combining the influence of the original magnetic field of the blade and the rotating speed sensor (4), and processes the time difference sequence by the software of the computer (9) to obtain the vibration information of the blade;
s4, fault diagnosis and early warning
When the blade top clearance or the increase speed of the blade vibration amplitude exceeds a set value, the system gives an early warning in advance.
10. The monitoring method according to claim 9, wherein: when the blade is a shrouded blade, the eddy current sensor (5) selects different axial measuring point positions at the top of the shrouded blade, and the optimal measuring point position area range is found out according to the influence of the change of the axial positions of the measuring points at the top on the measuring result.
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| CN201811019505.7A CN110926766A (en) | 2018-09-03 | 2018-09-03 | Blade health monitoring system and monitoring method |
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| CN201811019505.7A CN110926766A (en) | 2018-09-03 | 2018-09-03 | Blade health monitoring system and monitoring method |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111693264A (en) * | 2020-06-16 | 2020-09-22 | 清华大学 | Fluid machinery diagnosis system and method based on artificial intelligence and big data |
| CN111766299A (en) * | 2020-07-02 | 2020-10-13 | 吉林省电力科学研究院有限公司 | Steam turbine blade crack assessment system and steam turbine blade crack early warning method |
| CN112761740A (en) * | 2021-01-05 | 2021-05-07 | 西安交通大学 | Turbine blade fault testing system and intelligent fault diagnosis method thereof |
| CN113639625A (en) * | 2021-07-14 | 2021-11-12 | 南京理工大学 | Dynamic testing system for seat ring clearance of large-scale rotating machinery |
| CN115047161A (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2022-09-13 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Experimental device for online identification of length parameters of turbine mechanical blade cracks |
| CN115111169A (en) * | 2022-06-16 | 2022-09-27 | 南水北调东线山东干线有限责任公司 | Method for monitoring running state of large and medium-sized water pump unit |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111693264A (en) * | 2020-06-16 | 2020-09-22 | 清华大学 | Fluid machinery diagnosis system and method based on artificial intelligence and big data |
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| CN115111169A (en) * | 2022-06-16 | 2022-09-27 | 南水北调东线山东干线有限责任公司 | Method for monitoring running state of large and medium-sized water pump unit |
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