CN110926127A - Drying process of rosewood - Google Patents
Drying process of rosewood Download PDFInfo
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- CN110926127A CN110926127A CN201911270927.6A CN201911270927A CN110926127A CN 110926127 A CN110926127 A CN 110926127A CN 201911270927 A CN201911270927 A CN 201911270927A CN 110926127 A CN110926127 A CN 110926127A
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- rosewood
- drying
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B7/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes using a combination of processes not covered by a single one of groups F26B3/00 and F26B5/00
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K1/00—Damping wood
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
- F26B25/001—Handling, e.g. loading or unloading arrangements
- F26B25/003—Handling, e.g. loading or unloading arrangements for articles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B5/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B5/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat
- F26B5/04—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat by evaporation or sublimation of moisture under reduced pressure, e.g. in a vacuum
- F26B5/06—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat by evaporation or sublimation of moisture under reduced pressure, e.g. in a vacuum the process involving freezing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B2210/00—Drying processes and machines for solid objects characterised by the specific requirements of the drying good
- F26B2210/16—Wood, e.g. lumber, timber
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a rosewood drying process which comprises the following steps of steam heating, wet air cooling, primary cooling, secondary cooling, vacuum freeze drying, primary heating, secondary heating, normal-temperature air drying and humectant spraying, and can be used for rapidly drying rosewood, preventing rosewood inner layer fibers from being damaged, ensuring that the water content does not change rapidly and prolonging the service life of rosewood.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of furniture processing, in particular to a drying process of rosewood.
Background
The general process for processing the redwood furniture at present comprises the following steps: selecting materials, drying, tenoning, carving, assembling, scraping and painting. The drying treatment in the traditional rosewood processing technology usually adopts hot air drying, the drying efficiency of the method is low, the rosewood can be dried in 30-40 days generally, and the efficiency is extremely low. In the prior art, part of the technologies adopt an ultralow temperature (-below 70 ℃) and ultrasonic drying combined mode to dry the rosewood, the drying mode is that the rosewood is frozen in an ultralow temperature environment, the moisture in the rosewood is rapidly solidified, and the inner layer fiber of the rosewood is damaged due to large temperature difference change.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: provides a drying process of rosewood, which improves the drying efficiency of the rosewood and prevents the damage of rosewood fibers.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a drying process of rosewood comprises the following steps:
(1) steam heating: steam heating is carried out on the rosewood in a closed container at the air pressure of 0.12-0.15 MPa by adopting water vapor with the temperature of 45-50 ℃, and the heating time is 30-40 min;
(2) cooling wet air: adopting wet air with the temperature of 10 ℃ and the humidity of 16-18% to flow on the surface of the rosewood for cooling for 35-40 min;
(3) primary cooling: putting the rosewood into a cooling chamber with the temperature of 0 ℃, and carrying out primary cooling for 45-50 min;
(4) secondary cooling: putting the rosewood into a cooling chamber with the temperature of-10 ℃ for secondary cooling for 15-20 min;
(5) vacuum freeze drying: putting the rosewood into a vacuum freezing chamber with the temperature of-20 to-30 ℃ and the pressure of 1.4 to 1.5Pa, and freeze-drying for 50 to 60min under the vacuum condition to ensure that the water content of the rosewood reaches 13 to 14 percent;
(6) primary temperature rise: putting the freeze-dried rosewood into a cooling chamber at 0 ℃, and carrying out primary heating for 40-50 min;
(7) secondary heating: placing the rosewood in a temperature rising room at 15 ℃, and drying the rosewood by adopting dry air at 15 ℃ to finish secondary temperature rise;
(8) air drying at normal temperature: air-drying the rosewood at normal temperature for 20 min;
(9) spraying a humectant: spraying humectant on the surface of rosewood, and pressurizing in a high pressure container for 10 min.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention adopts a multi-gradient cooling mode to carry out vacuum freeze drying on the rosewood, and sprays the humectant to ensure the water content of the rosewood. Steam heating is carried out on the padauk, the interior of the padauk can be rapidly heated to the temperature of 45-50 ℃, then a wet air cooling mode is adopted, the water content in the padauk is higher due to the fact that the water content in the padauk after steam heating is carried out, the water content of wet air flowing on the surface of the padauk is lower than the water content in the padauk, the water in the padauk flows into the wet air until the water content of the padauk and the water content of the wet air are balanced, the temperature in the padauk is higher than the temperature of the wet air, the heat in the padauk is transferred into the wet air, the purpose of cooling is achieved, and the purpose of cooling and dehumidifying; the rosewood is subjected to step cooling in the steps (3) and (4), so that the rosewood fibers are prevented from being rapidly shrunk and broken due to rapid temperature reduction; the rosewood is freeze-dried by adopting a vacuum freeze-drying technology, so that part of water is directly sublimated into a solid state in a vacuum environment after being solidified, and finally part of water is removed from the rosewood, the water content is greatly reduced, and the drying efficiency is high; after freeze drying, carrying out step-type temperature rise to prevent fiber from being damaged in rapid temperature change of the rosewood; in the process that the rosewood is heated after freeze drying, the rosewood can absorb partial moisture in the air, the rosewood is dried at normal temperature, the moisture on the surface of the rosewood can be removed, and the humectant is sprayed to keep the moisture content between 13% and 15%, so that the damage to the inner layer fiber of the rosewood caused by the rapid reduction of the moisture content of the rosewood is prevented, and the service life of the rosewood is prolonged.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a process for drying redwood according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to explain technical contents, achieved objects, and effects of the present invention in detail, the following description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings in combination with the embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, a process for drying redwood includes the following steps:
(1) steam heating: steam heating is carried out on the rosewood in a closed container at the air pressure of 0.12-0.15 MPa by adopting water vapor with the temperature of 45-50 ℃, and the heating time is 30-40 min;
(2) cooling wet air: adopting wet air with the temperature of 10 ℃ and the humidity of 16-18% to flow on the surface of the rosewood for cooling for 35-40 min;
(3) primary cooling: putting the rosewood into a cooling chamber with the temperature of 0 ℃, and carrying out primary cooling for 45-50 min;
(4) secondary cooling: putting the rosewood into a cooling chamber with the temperature of-10 ℃ for secondary cooling for 15-20 min;
(5) vacuum freeze drying: putting the rosewood into a vacuum freezing chamber with the temperature of-20 to-30 ℃ and the pressure of 1.4 to 1.5Pa, and freeze-drying for 50 to 60min under the vacuum condition to ensure that the water content of the rosewood reaches 13 to 14 percent;
(6) primary temperature rise: putting the freeze-dried rosewood into a cooling chamber at 0 ℃, and carrying out primary heating for 40-50 min;
(7) secondary heating: putting the rosewood into a temperature rising room at 15 ℃, and drying the rosewood by adopting dry air at 15 ℃ for 10-20 min to finish secondary temperature rise;
(8) air drying at normal temperature: air-drying the rosewood at normal temperature for 20 min;
(9) spraying a humectant: spraying humectant on the surface of rosewood, and pressurizing in a high pressure container for 10 min.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
firstly, heating by adopting steam to increase the water content in the rosewood and increase the temperature;
the rosewood is gradually adapted to the temperature change by adopting the step-type cooling;
vacuum freeze drying is adopted, so that water in the rosewood is solidified and sublimated to achieve the drying purpose, and the water content of the rosewood reaches 13-14%;
the rosewood is gradually adapted to temperature rise by adopting step-type temperature rise, so that the damage to the rosewood structure caused by rapid temperature rise is avoided;
air drying is used for drying moisture attached to the surface of the rosewood;
the humectant is used for moisturizing the rosewood and preventing the water content of the rosewood from being rapidly reduced due to water evaporation to cause the deformation of the rosewood.
From the above description, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the invention adopts a multi-gradient cooling mode to carry out vacuum freeze drying on the rosewood, and sprays the humectant to ensure the water content of the rosewood. Steam heating is carried out on the padauk, the interior of the padauk can be rapidly heated to the temperature of 45-50 ℃, then a wet air cooling mode is adopted, the water content in the padauk is higher due to the fact that the water content in the padauk after steam heating is carried out, the water content of wet air flowing on the surface of the padauk is lower than the water content in the padauk, the water in the padauk flows into the wet air until the water content of the padauk and the water content of the wet air are balanced, the temperature in the padauk is higher than the temperature of the wet air, the heat in the padauk is transferred into the wet air, the purpose of cooling is achieved, and the purpose of cooling and dehumidifying; the rosewood is subjected to step cooling in the steps (3) and (4), so that the rosewood fibers are prevented from being rapidly shrunk and broken due to rapid temperature reduction; the rosewood is freeze-dried by adopting a vacuum freeze-drying technology, so that part of water is directly sublimated into a solid state in a vacuum environment after being solidified, and finally part of water is removed from the rosewood, the water content is greatly reduced, and the drying efficiency is high; after freeze drying, carrying out step-type temperature rise to prevent fiber from being damaged in rapid temperature change of the rosewood; in the process that the rosewood is heated after freeze drying, the rosewood can absorb partial moisture in the air, the rosewood is dried at normal temperature, the moisture on the surface of the rosewood can be removed, and the humectant is sprayed to keep the moisture content between 13% and 15%, so that the damage to the inner layer fiber of the rosewood caused by the rapid reduction of the moisture content of the rosewood is prevented, and the service life of the rosewood is prolonged.
Further, the humectant is a 10% polydimethylsiloxane solution.
As can be seen from the above description, because the polydimethylsiloxane solution has the moisture retention property and the characteristics of no toxicity and difficult volatilization, the polydimethylsiloxane solution is a humectant with higher safety, and because the rosewood is usually used for being made into furniture for use, a human body can contact the rosewood, so that the polydimethylsiloxane solution is adopted as the humectant, on one hand, the moisture content of the rosewood can be ensured, and on the other hand, the prepared rosewood can be conveniently made to be non-toxic and harmless.
Further, the freeze-drying temperature in the step (5) is-25 ℃, and the drying time is 54 min.
As can be seen from the above description, the temperature for freeze-drying the rosewood should not be too low, so as to prevent the water content of the rosewood from being too low and damaging the inner layer structure of the rosewood due to the fact that the moisture is completely volatilized when the rosewood is too low.
Further, the closed container in the step (1) is a high-pressure sealed tank.
Further, the step (2) is carried out in a drying kiln.
The first embodiment of the invention is as follows:
a drying process of rosewood comprises the following steps:
(1) steam heating: heating rosewood with steam at 45 deg.C under 0.15MPa in a sealed container for 30 min;
(2) cooling wet air: adopting wet air with the temperature of 10 ℃ and the humidity of 17% to flow on the surface of the rosewood for cooling, wherein the cooling time is 38 min;
(3) primary cooling: placing the rosewood in a cooling chamber at 0 deg.C, and cooling for 47 min;
(4) secondary cooling: placing the rosewood in a cooling chamber at-10 deg.C, and cooling for 17 min;
(5) vacuum freeze drying: putting the rosewood into a vacuum freezing chamber with the temperature of minus 25 ℃ and the pressure of 1.45Pa, and carrying out freeze drying for 54min under the vacuum condition to ensure that the water content of the rosewood reaches 13-14%;
(6) primary temperature rise: placing the freeze-dried rosewood into a cooling chamber at 0 deg.C, and heating for 45 min;
(7) secondary heating: placing the rosewood in a temperature rising room at 15 ℃, and drying the rosewood by adopting dry air at 15 ℃ for 15min to finish secondary temperature rise;
(8) air drying at normal temperature: air-drying the rosewood at normal temperature for 20 min;
(9) spraying a humectant: spraying humectant on the surface of rosewood, and pressurizing in a high pressure container for 10min to accelerate the penetration of humectant.
Preferably, the humectant is a 10% strength polydimethylsiloxane solution.
Preferably, the closed container in step (1) is a high-pressure sealed tank.
Preferably, step (2) is carried out in a drying kiln.
The second embodiment of the invention is as follows:
a drying process of rosewood comprises the following steps:
(1) steam heating: heating rosewood with steam at 50 deg.C under 0.12MPa in a sealed container for 30 min;
(2) cooling wet air: adopting wet air with the temperature of 10 ℃ and the humidity of 18% to flow on the surface of the rosewood for cooling for 35 min;
(3) primary cooling: placing the rosewood in a cooling chamber at 0 deg.C, and cooling for 45 min;
(4) secondary cooling: placing the rosewood in a cooling chamber at-10 deg.C, and cooling for 18 min;
(5) vacuum freeze drying: putting the rosewood into a vacuum freezing chamber with the temperature of minus 20 ℃ and the pressure of 1.5Pa, and carrying out freeze drying for 60min under the vacuum condition to ensure that the water content of the rosewood reaches 13-14%;
(6) primary temperature rise: placing the freeze-dried rosewood into a cooling chamber at 0 deg.C, and heating for 50 min;
(7) secondary heating: placing the rosewood in a temperature rising room at 15 ℃, and drying the rosewood by adopting dry air at 15 ℃ for 10min to finish secondary temperature rise;
(8) air drying at normal temperature: air-drying the rosewood at normal temperature for 20 min;
(9) spraying a humectant: spraying humectant on the surface of rosewood, and pressurizing in a high pressure container for 10min to accelerate the penetration of humectant.
Preferably, the humectant is a 10% strength polydimethylsiloxane solution.
Preferably, the closed container in step (1) is a high-pressure sealed tank.
Preferably, step (2) is carried out in a drying kiln.
The third embodiment of the invention is as follows:
a drying process of rosewood comprises the following steps:
(1) steam heating: heating rosewood with steam at 47 deg.C under 0.13MPa in a sealed container for 35 min;
(2) cooling wet air: adopting wet air with the temperature of 10 ℃ and the humidity of 16% to flow on the surface of the rosewood for cooling, wherein the cooling time is 40 min;
(3) primary cooling: placing the rosewood in a cooling chamber at 0 deg.C, and cooling for 50 min;
(4) secondary cooling: placing the rosewood in a cooling chamber at-10 deg.C, and cooling for 15 min;
(5) vacuum freeze drying: putting the rosewood into a vacuum freezing chamber with the temperature of minus 30 ℃ and the pressure of 1.4Pa, and carrying out freeze drying for 50min under the vacuum condition to ensure that the water content of the rosewood reaches 13-14%;
(6) primary temperature rise: placing the freeze-dried rosewood into a cooling chamber at 0 deg.C, and heating for 40 min;
(7) secondary heating: placing the rosewood in a temperature rising room at 15 ℃, and drying the rosewood by adopting dry air at 15 ℃ for 20min to finish secondary temperature rise;
(8) air drying at normal temperature: air-drying the rosewood at normal temperature for 20 min;
(9) spraying a humectant: spraying humectant on the surface of rosewood, and pressurizing in a high pressure container for 10min to accelerate the penetration of humectant.
Preferably, the humectant is a 10% strength polydimethylsiloxane solution.
Preferably, the closed container in step (1) is a high-pressure sealed tank.
Preferably, step (2) is carried out in a drying kiln.
In conclusion, the rosewood drying process provided by the invention adopts a vacuum freeze drying mode to freeze and dry rosewood, so that water is solidified and sublimated, and achieves the purpose of rapid drying, adopts a step-type temperature rising and reducing mode to prevent the structure of rosewood from being damaged in rapid temperature change, adopts polydimethylsiloxane as a humectant to prevent the water content of rosewood from being reduced to damage the inner layer structure of rosewood, can improve the rosewood drying efficiency, ensure the quality of rosewood, avoid the structure of rosewood from being damaged in the drying process, can change the water content of rosewood in different regions due to large temperature and humidity difference in north and south regions, can generate tensile force on outer layer fibers due to the inner shrinkage of rosewood fibers when the water content is too low, and can easily go moldy or even rot if the water content is too high, therefore, the polydimethylsiloxane is sprayed to moisturize the rosewood, and the service life of the rosewood can be prolonged.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent changes made by using the contents of the present specification and the drawings, or applied directly or indirectly to the related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The drying process of the rosewood is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) steam heating: steam heating is carried out on the rosewood in a closed container at the air pressure of 0.12-0.15 MPa by adopting water vapor with the temperature of 45-50 ℃, and the heating time is 30-40 min;
(2) cooling wet air: adopting wet air with the temperature of 10 ℃ and the humidity of 16-18% to flow on the surface of the rosewood for cooling for 35-40 min;
(3) primary cooling: putting the rosewood into a cooling chamber with the temperature of 0 ℃, and carrying out primary cooling for 45-50 min;
(4) secondary cooling: putting the rosewood into a cooling chamber with the temperature of-10 ℃ for secondary cooling for 15-20 min;
(5) vacuum freeze drying: putting the rosewood into a vacuum freezing chamber with the temperature of-20 to-30 ℃ and the pressure of 1.4 to 1.5Pa, and freeze-drying for 50 to 60min under the vacuum condition to ensure that the water content of the rosewood reaches 13 to 14 percent;
(6) primary temperature rise: putting the freeze-dried rosewood into a cooling chamber at 0 ℃, and carrying out primary heating for 40-50 min;
(7) secondary heating: putting the rosewood into a temperature rising room at 15 ℃, and drying the rosewood by adopting dry air at 15 ℃ for 10-20 min to finish secondary temperature rise;
(8) air drying at normal temperature: air-drying the rosewood at normal temperature for 20 min;
(9) spraying a humectant: spraying humectant on the surface of rosewood, and pressurizing in a high pressure container for 10 min.
2. The process of claim 1, wherein the humectant is a 10% strength polydimethylsiloxane solution.
3. The drying process of the rosewood according to claim 1, wherein the freeze-drying temperature in the step (5) is-25 ℃ and the drying time is 54 min.
4. The drying process of the rosewood according to claim 1, wherein the closed container in the step (1) is a high-pressure sealed tank.
5. The process for drying redwood according to claim 1, wherein the step (2) is performed in a drying kiln.
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KR20170052288A (en) * | 2015-11-04 | 2017-05-12 | 한영현 | Wood vacuum drying equipment and the drying method by using it |
CN106976142A (en) * | 2017-04-20 | 2017-07-25 | 张强 | A kind of production handling process of solid wood furniture |
CN108788938A (en) * | 2018-06-25 | 2018-11-13 | 安徽阜南县万家和工艺品有限公司 | A kind of woodwork fungus-proof antisepsis treatment process |
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2019
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Patent Citations (7)
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WO2007041105A1 (en) * | 2005-10-03 | 2007-04-12 | Xorella Ag | System and method for treatment of wooden materials |
CN104493938A (en) * | 2015-01-10 | 2015-04-08 | 陈霞 | Drying process of rosewood |
KR20170052288A (en) * | 2015-11-04 | 2017-05-12 | 한영현 | Wood vacuum drying equipment and the drying method by using it |
CN105387691A (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2016-03-09 | 南京林业大学 | Drying method for controlling wood collapse |
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